Thermal Questions:

. The specific heat capacity of iron is 0.45 J/g°C. If a 200 g piece of iron absorbs 900 J of
heat energy, what is the temperature change of the iron?
. A container holds 500 g of water at 20°C. If 200 g of ice at -10°C is added to the water,
what will be the final temperature of the mixture? (Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J/
g°C, specific heat capacity of ice = 2.09 J/g°C)
. Calculate the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 50 g of aluminum
from 20°C to 100°C. (Specific heat capacity of aluminum = 0.9 J/g°C)

. Sarah wants to heat up a pot of soup on the stove. The soup has a mass of 1.5 kg and a
starting temperature of 10°C. If Sarah applies 5000 J of heat energy to the soup, what will
be the final temperature of the soup? (Assume no heat loss to the surroundings)
. A scientist is conducting an experiment to determine the latent heat of fusion of ice. She
starts with 200 g of ice at -5°C and adds 4000 J of heat energy. The final temperature of
the ice-water mixture is 0°C. Calculate the latent heat of fusion of ice. (Specific heat
capacity of ice = 2.09 J/g°C)
. A metal block with a mass of 0.8 kg is heated to 200°C and then submerged in 1 kg of
water at 25°C. If the final equilibrium temperature of the system is 40°C, calculate the
specific heat capacity of the metal block. (Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J/g°C)

1. Heat Transfer Rate Calculation:

A metal rod of length 50 cm and cross-sectional area 2 cm² is heated at one end to a
temperature of 100°C while the other end is kept at 20°C. If the thermal conductivity of the metal
is 200 J/(s m °C), calculate the rate of heat transfer through the rod.
2. Evaporation Rate Word Problem:
A swimming pool has an area of 100 m² and is filled with water to a depth of 2 meters. If the
temperature of the water is 25°C and the atmospheric pressure is 1 atm, calculate the rate of
evaporation of water from the pool's surface. (Assume no wind or other factors affecting
evaporation)
3. Specific Heat Capacity Calculation:
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A 500 g block of iron at 80°C is placed in a container of water at 20°C. If the final temperature of
the iron and water mixture is 30°C and the specific heat capacity of iron is 0.45 J/(g°C), calculate
the heat released by the iron as it cools down.
4. Energy Transfer Efficiency Problem:
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A coal-fired power plant generates electricity with an efficiency of 35%. If the plant releases 1.5
× 10^6 J of waste heat for every 1 × 10^6 J of electricity generated, calculate the total amount of
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heat released as waste for every 1 GWh (gigawatt-hour) of electricity produced.
5. Boiling Point Elevation Problem:
Calculate the boiling point of a saltwater solution containing 100 g of salt dissolved in 500 g of
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water. The boiling point elevation constant for water is 0.512°C/m, and the boiling point of pure
water is 100°C.
6. Conservation of Energy Word Problem:
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A roller coaster starts from rest at the top of a hill with a height of 50 meters. If the roller
coaster's mass is 1000 kg and there is no friction, calculate the roller coaster's speed at the
bottom of the hill using the principle of conservation of energy.
7. Condensation Rate Word Problem:
In a closed container, a vapor at 100°C condenses to form liquid at a rate of 0.5 g/s. If the heat of
vaporization of the substance is 2260 J/g, calculate the rate at which heat is removed from the
vapor during condensation.
8. Thermal Expansion Calculation:
A steel rod of length 2 meters expands by 0.02 cm when heated from 20°C to 100°C. Calculate
the coefficient of linear expansion of steel.
9. Heat Transfer in Cooking Word Problem:
If it takes 6000 J of heat to cook a steak to the desired temperature, and the stove transfers heat
to the steak at a rate of 100 J/s, how long does it take to cook the steak?
10. Temperature Change Calculation:
A 200 g block of copper at 80°C is placed in a container of water at 20°C. If the final
temperature of the copper and water mixture is 30°C and the specific heat capacity of copper is
0.39 J/(g°C), calculate the heat released by the copper as it cools down.

Multiple Choice Questions

. Which of the following best describes the kinetic theory of matter? a)
Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. b)
Matter is made up of tiny particles that are constantly in motion. c)
Matter is made up of tiny particles that are at rest. d)
Matter is made up of tiny particles that are arranged in a fixed pattern.
. What is the process by which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at its boiling
point? a) Condensation b) Evaporation c) Sublimation d) Vaporization
. Which of the following is an example of conduction? a)
Heating water in a kettle b) Feeling the warmth of the sun on your skin
c) Seeing steam rise from a cup of hot tea d) Holding a metal spoon in hot soup and
feeling it get hot
. According to the conservation of energy, which statement is true? a)
Energy can be created but not destroyed. b) Energy can be destroyed but not created. c)
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred or transformed. d) Energy
can be created and destroyed freely.

Criterion B: Inquiring and Designing

2. Design an experiment to investigate the factors affecting the rate of evaporation of a liquid
and explain how it relates to energy transfer.
Criterion C: Processing and Evaluating
3. Analyze a scenario where energy transfer occurs through conduction, convection, and
radiation. Discuss the differences in these mechanisms and their applications in real-life
situations.
Criterion D: Reflecting on the Impacts of Science
4. Reflect on the environmental implications of energy transformations in everyday appliances.
How can understanding thermal physics contribute to more sustainable energy usage?