AVBOB Step 12 English Paper 7

Your Examination
Preparation Guide
ENGLISH
HOME
GRADE
AND FIRST
12 ADDITIONAL
LANGUAGE
PAPER 3 (CREATIVE WRITING)
Supported by
FOREWORD BY THE HONOURABLE MINISTER OF BASIC EDUCATION
Our shared goal is continually to improve learner performance. This is an effort which is
strengthened through close collaboration between the Basic Education Sector and the South
Africa’s private and public sectors.
It gives me great pleasure to inform you that you have been favoured with the AVBOB STEP
12 Examination Preparation Guides for South Africa’s Grade 12 languages, a product of a
long-standing partnership between the Department of Basic Education and AVBOB.
Through these guides, AVBOB aims to provide language examination support to all Grade
12 teachers and learners. These guides will serve as a valuable self-help resource for
learners.
Through AVBOB STEP 12, AVBOB is making available 33 Examination Preparation

Guides, each meticulously compliant with the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement
(CAPS); and written in accordance with the most recent Examination Guidelines for the
twelve South African languages offered in Grade 12. Teachers, learners and interested
parties, may download these guides at no cost from www.avbobstep12.co.za.
The initial set of AVBOB STEP 12 Examination Preparation Guides – in all 11 official South
African languages, comprises one guide for each of the three National Senior Certificate
examination papers, and covers both Home and First Additional Languages:
1. Language in context;
2. Literature; and
3. Creative Writing.
Each guide covers themes as directed in the curriculum and focuses on important areas
covered in the examination papers. By paying attention to time management in the exams,
the AVBOB STEP 12 guides can also assist learners in alleviating anxiety and stress.
As the Department of Basic Education, we encourage Grade 12 language teachers and

other educators of Grade 12 learners to embrace the AVBOB STEP 12 Examination
Preparation Guides, which we have reviewed and supported, as valuable additional
resources within their education toolkits.
On behalf of the Department of Basic Education
Mrs Angie Motshekga, MP

South African Minister of Basic Education
Date: 21 April 2023
Table of contents
1 Introduction 01
2 Structure of Paper 3 02
3 Contents: How do I answer Paper 3? 05
3.1 Section A: Essay (Home and First Additional Language) 05

3.1.1 Essay types 06
a) Narrative essay 06
b) Descriptive essay 07
c) Argumentative essay 07
d) Discursive essay 07
e) Reflective essay 08
3.1.2 Essays based on visuals 08
3.1.3 Marking and effective language use 09
3.2 Section B: Longer transactional texts (Home and First Additional Language) 10
3.2.1 Category A 10
a) Informal letter 10
b) Formal letter 12
c) Letter to the press 13
d) Curriculum vitae and covering letter 15
e) Email 16
3.2.2 Category B 18
a) Informal report 18
b) Formal report 19
c) Magazine article 19
d) Newspaper article 19
e) Review 20
f) Agendas and minutes of meetings 20
3.2.3 Category C 23
a) Informal speech 23
b) Formal speech 23
c) Obituary 24
d) Dialogue 24
e) Interview 24
3.3 Section C (First Additional Language only) 25

3.3.1 Category A 25
a) Advertisement 25
b) Invitation 26
c) Pamphlet 28
d) Flyer 29
3.3.2 Category B 29
a) Diary items 29
b) Short messages 29
3.3.3 Category C 30
a) Instructions 30
b) Directions 31
1. Introduction
This Examination Preparation Guide is designed to assist you to improve your achievement in the Creative Writing Paper
(Paper 3). The Examination Preparation Guide consists of two parts: a discussion of the structure of Paper 3 and an
overview of the content aspects of creative writing. Knowledge of both these components is necessary to succeed in the
Creative Writing Paper.
The structure and contents of Paper 3 are based on the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) prescribed
by the Department of Basic Education as a compulsory teaching and examination guide. Ask your teacher to show you
the CAPS document (and the latest examination guidelines), so you can see first-hand what is prescribed for Paper 3.
This Examination
Preparation Guide does
not intend to overload you
with facts and information
but rather to GUIDE you in
the right direction. You still
have to do the work with
your teacher and develop
your potential.
YOU SHOULD KNOW WHAT THE CAPS SAYS
Where Home Language and First Additional Language differ, the information on First
Additional Language will be indicated with a green border.
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2. Structure of Paper 3
Study the following information carefully because it will help you to answer the paper correctly.
HOME LANGUAGE
You have 3 hours (180 minutes) to answer Paper 3. The total number of marks for the paper is 100 marks.
The paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B.
The number of marks for Section A is 50 and you have to select one essay topic to write an essay of 400-450 words.
There are five written topics (1.1-1.5) of which you can choose one, OR you can select one of the visuals (1.6-1.8) as
stimulus on which to base your essay.
Section B consists of six questions (2.1-2.6) that count for 25 marks each. You must answer two questions in Section B
for 50 (25 × 2) marks. Each piece should be 180-200 words. Section B offers you a choice of questions on transactional
texts. The transactional texts include the following – divided into three categories (A, B and C):
Category A Category B Category C

Informal/friendly letter Informal report Informal speech
Formal letter Formal report Formal speech
(requests, applications, complaints,
Magazine article Obituary
thanks, sympathy, business,
congratulations, etc.) Newspaper article Dialogue
Letter to the press Review Interview
(formal and informal) Agendas and minutes of
Curriculum vitae meetings (as a combination)
and covering letter
(as a combination)
Email
Questions in Section B come from all three categories.

Write the number of the question and type of text that you attempt above the response, for example, 2.1 Friendly letter,
2.6 Dialogue, etc.
Section A Section B Total

40 minutes on one question
100 minutes 180 minutes (3 hours)
40 minutes on one question
PAPER 3: 3 HOURS, 100 MARKS, 2 SECTIONS
Section A: 50 marks Section B: 50 (25 × 2) marks

Select ONE from five written topics or three visuals on Select TWO from six topics given on which to write the
which to write an essay. transactional texts.
Spend about 100 minutes on Section A Spend about 80 minutes on Section B
(planning included – more on planning on pages 4-5). (about 40 minutes on each of the two writing pieces).
Length: 400-450 words Length: 180-200 words each
Count the pages of your question paper to ensure that your paper is complete.
Answer the paper in BLUE or BLACK pen.
HOME LANGUAGE
In Paper 3, you must submit THREE writing pieces: ONE essay in Section A and TWO transactional pieces in Section B.
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FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE
You have 2½ hours (150 minutes) to answer Paper 3. The total for the paper is 100 marks.
The paper consists of three sections: Section A, Section B and Section C.
Section A counts for 50 marks and consists of essay topics of which you must select one to write an essay of
250-300 words. There are five written topics (1.1-1.5) of which you can choose one, OR you can select one of three
visuals (1.6-1.8) as stimulus on which to base your essay.
Section B consists of four questions (2.1-2.4) for 30 marks each. You have to answer one question in Section B for
30 marks. The length of your response should be 120-150 words.
Section C consists of three questions (3.1-3.3) for 20 marks each. You have to answer one question in Section C for
20 marks. The length of your response should be 80-100 words.
Section A consists of a choice of topics and visuals for an essay, Section B consists of a choice from longer transactional
texts and Section C consists of a choice from shorter transactional texts.
The transactional texts in Sections B and C include the following, which are divided into three categories (A, B and C):
SECTION B

Informal/friendly letter Informal report Informal speech
Formal letter Formal report Formal speech
(requests, applications, complaints, Magazine article Obituary
thanks, sympathy, business,
Newspaper article Dialogue
congratulations, etc.)
Review Interview
Letter to the press
(formal and informal) Agendas and minutes of
meetings (as a combination)
Curriculum vitae
and covering letter
(as a combination)
Email
SECTION C

Advertisement Diary items Instructions
Invitation Short message (SMS, WhatsApp, Directions
Pamphlet Facebook, Messenger, etc.)
Flyer
In Sections B and C, there will be a question from each category.

Write the number of the question and the type of text that you attempt above the response, for example, 2.1 Friendly letter,
3.2 Diary items, etc.
Section A Section B Section C Total

150 minutes
80 minutes 40 minutes 30 minutes
(2.5 hours)
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PAPER 3: 2½ HOURS, 100 MARKS, 3 SECTIONS
Section A: 50 marks Section B: 30 marks Section C: 20 marks

Select ONE from five written topics or Select ONE from four topics/text Select ONE from three topics/text
three visuals on which to write types on which to write a longer types on which to write a shorter
an essay. transactional text. transactional text.
Spend about 80 minutes on Section A
Spend about 40 minutes on Spend about 30 minutes on
(planning included – more on planning
Section B. Section C.
on pages 5-6).
Length: 250-300 words Length: 120-150 words Length: 80-100 words
Count the pages of your question paper to ensure that your paper is complete.
Answer the paper in BLUE or BLACK pen.
FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE

In Paper 3, you must submit THREE pieces: ONE essay in Section A, ONE longer transactional piece in Section B, and ONE
shorter transactional piece in Section C.
The texts and questions presented in this guide are just EXAMPLES
of what can be expected in the final examinations.
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3. Contents: How do I answer Paper 3?
Remember: Paper 3 is a creative writing paper. You must show your creative writing abilities and demonstrate that you
have mastered the format and nature of each transactional text. Sections A and B (and C) are discussed separately below.
3.1 Section A: Essay (Home and First Additional Language)

In Section A, the emphasis is on creative writing. You must write your own, original essay. This Examination Preparation Guide
does not contain model answers for the essays because you should learn to develop your own, original creative writing.
Do not memorise an essay in advance and try to force it into one of the topics provided – it will not work! Rather try the following:
Read through the topics or study the visuals and decide with which one you feel comfortable. Select one topic or visual you
can relate to, have knowledge of, or which forms part of your world of experience.
Next, decide what type of essay you want to write: narrative, descriptive, speculative, discursive or reflective. Remember,
all these essay types have their own characteristics and “requirements” (which are discussed below).
Now for an important step: planning. You must plan your essay BEFORE you start writing.
PLANNING
WHAT HOW
- Keywords/thoughts - Start/conclude
- Info in introduction, content - Language/register
paragraphs, conclusion - Rhetorical features
- Coherence: everything - Style
logically arranged and
connected, and relevant
to the topic
- Cohesion: linking words
HOW do I plan? There is no fixed, preconceived way. Each person plans in his/her own unique way. You can use keywords,
mind maps, diagrams or any other way that helps you to arrange your thoughts and to fine-tune the structure of your essay.
Whichever way you choose to do it, ensure that it helps you to get a good idea of what you want to write and the way you
wish to write it (the content, structure and general presentation).
WHAT do I plan? Start by deciding WHAT you want to say in your essay in the introductory paragraph, the content
paragraphs and the concluding paragraph. Write down keywords/thoughts, observe the coherence of paragraphs in relation
to the topic you have chosen, and check the cohesion. Then decide HOW you want to present your creative writing: the
language/register that you are going to use, rhetorical features and aspects of style, how you want to start, and how you
want to conclude.
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Do not deviate from your topic by writing about
things not related to it. Everything should be
coherent and cohesive, like a spiderweb.
Remember: The structure of your essay should be logical and follow a sequence leading up to the conclusion.
Let your creative thoughts flow! Open the gates of creativity – write to bring your voice through as creatively as possible!
Keep the length in mind. If your essay is too short, you penalise yourself because the contents will be poorer than if you
had utilised the full length. If you exceed the prescribed length, you lose valuable time that you will need to answer Section
B (and C).
Remember to cross out your planning, so that markers can easily distinguish between your planning and your essay.
Keep to the length, keep to your topic, keep to your own, original ideas!
Now use your planning and write your essay. Forget about
everything and everybody around you – write, write, write, as
only you can do and give your essay form.
What should I keep in mind regarding the different essay types?

3.1.1 Essay types
Remember, each essay is unique, with its own set of features and characteristics. There is no fixed format to adhere to.
Although each essay must be judged on its own merit, there are certain “markers” that apply to the different essay types, as
explained below.
a) Narrative essay
Home Language First Additional Language
400-450 words 250-300 words
A narrative essay deals with a person/people and what happened to him/her/them/me/us. Keep the following important points
in mind:
It is usually written in the past tense.
The value of the essay increases if the story is interesting and captures the imagination with a surprising ending.
Including a bit of humour sometimes makes the essay interesting, depending on the relevance of such to a topic.
If the story is interesting (coupled with applicable language), the value of the essay will be higher.
Can descriptive elements appear in a narrative essay? Of course! It is the authentic and convincing elements of your story that count.
Read about effective language on pages 8-9.
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b) Descriptive essay
400-450 words 250-300 words
In a descriptive essay you must describe something, for example, a person, place, situation, experience, emotion or object. Keep
the following important points in mind:
Observation plays an important role – whether you describe your emotions, nature, a person/people or whatever else –
how you put it in words is crucial.
The creation of an appropriate atmosphere/mood increases the value of the essay. Try to use as many of the senses as
possible in your description.
Avoid deliberate, fancy/glamorous language – it is not convincing. Rather opt for simple language that carries meaning clearly.
Authenticity and sincerity add a lot of value to a descriptive essay.
The fresher/more precise the observation and the more secure/more effective the observation, the higher the value of the essay.
c) Argumentative essay
400-450 words 250-300 words
An argumentative essay is subjective and makes a case in favour of, or against, a specific point of view and maintains that view
from the first paragraph until the last sentence. Keep the following important points in mind:
It’s important to distinguish between an argumentative essay and a discursive essay because they are not the same.
The aim is to convince the reader to agree with your opinion.
Usually statements are made on the preconceived point of view and motivations are provided to support the statements.
It is usually written in the present tense.
The language used can sometimes be more formal than in the case of a cosy narrative essay, but this is not a prerequisite
– it depends on the nature of the issue that is being argued.
Facts usually play a more important role than in (for example) a descriptive essay.
Never belittle or insult in an argumentative essay – respect for the dignity of the other side must at all times be maintained.
The stronger the arguments and motivations (without exaggeration and over-emotionality), the stronger the essay will
address the reader.
An argumentative essay is about your opinion and argues only one side of
an issue.
d) Discursive essay
400-450 words 250-300 words
A discursive essay is objective and weighs different arguments against each other. Keep the following important points in mind:
It’s important to distinguish between an argumentative essay and a discursive essay because they are not the same.
Consider the various aspects of the topic under discussion in a rational way.
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Present the opposing views impartially – your arguments must be well balanced and presented logically and consistently.
The language tends to be more formal than in a narrative or descriptive essay and the tone is unemotional and convincing (but
never condescending).
Make your own conclusion at the end of the essay – motivated by the points you’ve made.
A discursive essay considers different points of view.
e) Reflective essay
400-450 words 250-300 words
In a reflective essay you reflect on ideas (e.g. dreams and aspirations) and write about your emotional reactions and feelings.
Keep the following important points in mind:
A reflective essay is personal/subjective – feelings and emotions play a crucial role.
A big part of the essay can be descriptive to recreate your feelings/reflections vividly.
Express your ideas/thoughts/feelings sincerely and write about something you feel strongly about.
Focus on your emotions, rather than the event itself – try to provide a reflection of yourself and your experience.
At the end, you can say what you learnt from the experience.
How should I interpret visuals?
3.1.2 Essays based on visuals

If you select one of the visuals in Section A, keep the following in mind:
Formulate your own topic for your essay based on the visual you choose. Make sure the topic is relevant to the visual.
Use the visual as stimulus to write an original essay – do not try to force a previously-prepared essay into the visual (or
any other topic).
The more you utilise the full picture of the visual, the more you add value to the essay. If you write on a small, insignificant
aspect of the visual, you are not going to earn a lot of marks. The following visual illustrates this point clearly:
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If you write only about the dog’s tongue, you do not
sufficiently utilise the visual as stimulus because the
tongue is an insignificant part of the image. If you exploit
the teeth, barking, angry eyes, chain, etc. as stimulus to
write your own original essay (narrate/describe/reason/
argue/speculate, etc.), your essay will earn higher marks.
Try to concentrate on the main focus of the visual or
integrate the different parts of the visual into a meaningful
whole and use it to full capacity to write your essay
(after proper planning). Activate your creativity, but don’t
lose sight of the link with the visual – don’t deviate or
lose focus and in the process lose marks.
3.1.3 Marking and effective language use
Always keep the following in mind!
You will earn maximum marks if:

Your content is excellent, striking and above expectation.
Your ideas are creative, intelligent, mature and make the reader think.
Your essay displays exceptional organisation and coherence.
There is evidence of editing your essay before submitting it.
You can still earn good marks if:

Your ideas are relevant and interesting.
You demonstrate skilful handling of the topic.
You avoid tentative/shaky cohesion of ideas and clumsy flow of thought.
You stick to the topic and keep your thoughts flowing in a logical manner.
All this requires careful planning!
In your review you should continue to ask yourself:

Am I sticking to the topic?
Are my ideas linked to each other and do they flow logically and spontaneously?
Do the ideas support each other?
Is my content original, fresh and interesting?
Do I develop my ideas from the first to the last paragraph?
Are my ideas in the last paragraph rounded off in a meaningful way?
Effective language:
You will earn a lot of marks if the vocabulary, tone and style fit the nature of the essay content.
Avoid deliberate “window dressing”, but use appropriate figurative language and refreshing style applications.
Use both long and short sentences and employ punctuation wisely.
Quotations and non-English words and phrases can add interest to your writing, but it must be used appropriately in context.
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Never use profanity or obscene language.
Ask your teacher to share the rubric for assessing the essay with you, especially the language, style and editing component.
Allow your imagination to flow.
To achieve success in Section A, you need to practise by writing at least

three versions of each of the five essay types during the year to develop and
refine your writing skills. And we all want a good mark, don’t we!
3.2 Section B: Longer transactional texts (Home and First Additional Language)
In Section B of Paper 3, the emphasis is on conventional writing pieces that focus on certain forms of communication. They fit
into three categories and at least one type from each of the categories will feature in the examination paper. Let’s deal with
each category separately.
3.2.1 Category A
Informal letter, formal letter (requests, applications, complaints, sympathy, thanks, business letters, congratulations, etc.),
letter to the press (informal and formal), curriculum vitae and covering letter (as a combination), email.
a) Informal letter
180-200 words 120-150 words
You write an informal letter (also known as a friendly letter) to someone with whom you have an informal relationship – family
members, friends and related acquaintances – on personal matters. Keep the following important points in mind:
The tone of the letter is informal and relatively affectionate. Be sensitive to any social conventions that may differ within
various cultural environments and that you are expected to respect.
Your salutation must be informal, for example,
My dearest Friend Hello Marjori Good morning Shaun
Introductory paragraph: Guard against outdated sentences, such as, “I am well. How are you?” An interesting, original and
stimulating paragraph is worth much more. Address the topic in the introductory paragraph. The higher your ingenuity
(within boundaries, of course), the higher the value.
Content paragraphs: Remain courteous and stick to the topic – deviations will cost you marks.
Concluding paragraph: Avoid empty sentences, such as: “Well, I have to end now.” You don’t earn marks for that. The final
paragraph must round off the topic in a logical way.
The number of words you have to write covers the body (opening and closing paragraphs included) ONLY – it does not
include the address, salutation or closing/sign-off.
Familiarise yourself with the correct format. Start your letter by writing your address at the right-hand side on top, in
block form – first write the street number and then the street name. In the case of a post box, first write P.O. Box and then
the number. On the next line, directly under the street name or P.O. Box, write the name of the town or suburb. If you want
to mention the name of a city, it will appear below the suburb name followed by the postal code on the next line. Write the
date (IN FULL) on the next line. No punctuation is necessary, for example,
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215 Church Street 3 Sunset Avenue P.O. Box 3 P.O. Box 3
Western Bay Green Hills Blue Fountains Green Hills
4321 Johannesburg 4321 Johannesburg
5 July 2021 4321 5 July 2021 4321
5 July 2021 5 July 2021
5 Sunset Avenue write street number first

Green Hills name of town/suburb
Johannesburg name of city (optional)
4321 postal code
5 July 2021 write the date in full
Leave a line open between the address and the (informal) salutation.
Leave a line open between the commencement and the introductory paragraph.
Leave a line open between paragraphs.
Leave a line open between the concluding paragraph and the closing/sign-off.
The closing/sign-off – on the left-hand side – should be informal and can be expressed in various ways, for example
(without punctuation):
Your daughter Greetings Lots of love

Mary Daniel Jean
Schematically, the format of the informal letter is as follows:
Your address
(without punctuation
and in block format)
Dear John (Informal salutation)
Introductory paragraph
Content paragraph 1
Content paragraph 2
Concluding paragraph
Closing/sign-off
and in block form)
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b) Formal letter
180-200 words 120-150 words
Formal letters (also known as business letters) deal with formal matters. Keep the following important points in mind:
The writing style is formal (but with a courteous tone).
Often, it is directed at someone you do not know (although this is not always the case), but who occupies a meaningful
position at a business, municipality, government department, etc. and with whom you must communicate regarding a
formal matter.
Start the letter with a formal salutation, for example,
Dear Sir Dear Madam Dear Professor

Dear Doctor Whitehead Dear Professor Crehan Dear Mr. McCook
Dear Mrs. Lewis Dear Miss Smith Dear Ms. Green
Dear Dr. Teichman Dear Prof. Hobhouse
Now write the topic of the letter in block form and/or underline it – in typed form it can also be bold type (and/or typed in
capital letters). The topic provides the reader/recipient with an idea on what the letter is about – it is short, potent and can
consist of one or a few words.
Introductory paragraph: Do not enquire about the recipient’s well-being, but directly start with the reason for the letter.
Content paragraphs: Expand on the topic with appropriate motivation or description, depending on what you want to
communicate.
Concluding paragraph: Summarise the contents and express the hope that the matter raised in the body of the letter will
receive the necessary attention (or something similar).
The closing/sign-off is formal but always courteous, for example:
Yours faithfully Kind regards Regards Yours sincerely

(Signature) (Signature) (Signature) (Signature)
S.J. Laity (Mr.) A. Jonas (Mrs.) B.A.W. Fordyce (Miss.) K. Brown (Ms.)
Familiarise yourself with the correct format. Start your letter by writing your address at the right-hand side on top, in
block form – first write the street number and then the street name. In the case of a post box, first write P.O. Box and then
the number. On the next line, directly under the street name or P.O. Box, write the name of the town or suburb. If you want
to mention the name of a city, it will appear below the suburb name followed by the postal code on the next line. Write the
date (IN FULL) on the next line. No punctuation is necessary, for example,
215 Church Street 3 Sunset Avenue P.O. Box 3 P.O. Box 3

Western Bay Green Hills Blue Fountains Green Hills
4321 Johannesburg 4321 Johannesburg
5 July 2021 4321 5 July 2021 4321
5 July 2021 5 July 2021
5 Sunset Avenue write street number first

Green Hills name of town/suburb
Johannesburg name of city (optional)
4321 postal code
5 July 2021 write the date in full
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Leave a line open and write the address of the institution to which the letter is directed on the left-hand side of the
page. If you know the title and/or initials and surname of the person, start with that, followed on the next line by the
person’s position/designation. If you do not know the person’s name, write the position, followed by the address on the
lines thereafter.
Leave a line open and write the formal salutation.
Leave a line open and write the topic of the letter.
Leave a line open and write the introductory paragraph.
Leave a line open between each paragraph, including the concluding paragraph.
Leave a line open for the closing/sign-off.
Add your signature above your printed name/initials and surname.
Schematically, the format of the formal letter is as follows:
Your address
Address of the institution

you are writing to
(no punctuation
and in block form)
Dear Sir (formal salutation)
Topic (in capitals and/or underlined)
Content paragraph 1
Content paragraph 2
Closing/sign-off
and in block form)
c) Letter to the press

180-200 words 120-150 words
Letters to the press are meant to be published and are in general formal. Keep the following important points in mind:
The formal letter to the press resembles the format of the formal letter, but with three significant differences:
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– A letter to the press is always directed to The Editor at the address of the publication to which the letter is sent (which
appears on the left-hand side after your own address), therefore always start with “The Editor”.
– The letter to the press focuses on a matter of public interest and reflects your own opinion on it.
– In contrast to the business letter, you can use a pseudonym if you want to.
Conclude the letter in the same way as the formal letter. If you want to use a pseudonym, first provide your signature, then
write the pseudonym in brackets on the next line, and write your name/initial(s) and surname on the line after that:
Yours faithfully
(Signature)
(Pseudonym after signature; optional)
Mrs./Miss/Ms./Mr. K. Noble
Keep the content short, powerful and focused. Don’t write long arguments that are neither here nor there. Be polite and
rational in your reasoning and state your case courteously and clearly.
Schematically, the format of the formal letter is as follows:
Your address
The Editor
you are writing to
(no punctuation
and in block form)
Content paragraph 1
Content paragraph 2
Closing/sign-off
Yours faithfully
(Signature)
(Pseudonym – optional)
Title, initial(s) and
surname
(no punctuation and
in block form)
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d) Curriculum vitae and covering letter
180-200 words 120-150 words
A curriculum vitae (CV) contains details on a person’s career: qualifications, achievements, work history and record. Keep the
following important points in mind:
When you apply for a vacancy, you write a covering letter and attach your CV to it.
The covering letter is an application letter and indicates the post for which you are applying. It provides general background
and extra information that does not appear in your CV or highlights important facts.
The format of the covering letter is the same as that of the formal letter.
The tone of the letter must be very courteous and professional, and the language completely correct. You don’t want to be
rejected because of spelling and similar negligent language mistakes in your CV and covering letter.
Here is an easy format for your CV:
Curriculum vitae of (your name and surname)
Surname: (your surname)

First names: (your first names)
ID number: (your ID number)
Date of birth: (written in full)
Residential address: (as you write it in a letter)
Postal address: (as you write it in a letter)
Nationality: South African (for example)
Current school: (the school in which you are enrolled)
Subjects taken: (your school subjects – starting with capital letters)
Extracurricular activities: (sports/clubs/activities you do after school)
Languages: (the languages you can speak)
Contact details: Mobile: (insert your mobile/cell number here)
Email: (insert your email address here)
Reference: (Title, initials(s) and surname of your reference)
(Who this person is, e.g. your principal/teacher)
Tel: (his/her phone number)
Email: (his/her email address)
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Schematically, the format of the covering letter is as follows:
Your address

you are writing to
(no punctuation
and in block form)
Content paragraph 1
Content paragraph 2
Closing/sign-off
and in block form)
e) Email
180-200 words 120-150 words
Instead of writing formal and informal letters with a pen on paper and sending them to the addressee through the post office,
we can use a computer facility known as email (short for electronic mail). Keep the following important points in mind:
Email allows the addressor/sender to use a computer/smart phone to type a message and send it electronically to the
addressee(s)/receiver(s). It appears on the computer/smart phone of the addressee within a few seconds or minutes.
Senders and receivers of email messages must have email addresses in order to communicate with each other via email
on computers/smart phones.
These email addresses appear at email messages so that the computer/smart phone knows where (or whom) to send the
email message to.
We can send an email to somebody and copy other people (CC – Carbon Copy) to also receive the email message.
The lay-out of an email page differs from computer programme to computer programme. Yahoo, Gmail and other similar
computer facilities do not have the same email lay-out, but it looks more or less like the following:
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To (Write the email address(es) of the person(s) you communicate with.)
Cc (Write the email address(es) of the person(s) to whom you want to also send the message.)
Subject (Write the topic of the message.)
No address or P.O. Box
Type your salutation here.
Write your message here.
Write the closing/sign-off here.

(You can add PERSONAL INFORMATION here, such as, rank, employer, address, phone number, etc.)
To: The email address of the addressee/receiver appears here (usually in small letters), for example, onast@yahoo.ac.za –
ensure that the email address is typed correctly, otherwise it will not reach the receiver. You can write the email addresses
of more than one receiver, then all of them will receive your message (semicolons separate the email addresses).
CC: If you want to copy a person(s) whom you want to note the message. Write his/her/their email address(es) here, for
example, ernst.els@gmail.com; els.peter@telkomsa.net, etc. (semicolons separate email addresses).
Subject: The topic of the email.
The style and layout of an informal/formal email message are the same as when you write it with a pen on paper.
There are two differences, though:
– With an email you do NOT include residential or P.O. Box addresses at the start of the message – email addresses are
sufficient. (You may, however, add it at the bottom, after your name.)
– In an informal email you are going to add a topic (at SUBJECT) – something you don’t do in written, friendly letters.
Here is an example of an informal email:
To dnaicker@getafix.co.za
Cc
Subject Bus fare
Hi Dad
I had a lot of expenses this month. My employer started subtracting income tax from my salary, and I
joined a medical aid, so there I also had to start paying my contribution. With my tiny salary, I now have
only enough to pay my municipal account and my rent.
I don’t like borrowing money from you, but I don’t have enough to pay my daily bus fare to get to work.
Please lend me R600 to pay for my commute to work this month. My finances will look better next
month, so I’ll pay you back then, with a big thank you hug added!
Amy
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Here is an example of a formal email:
To xyxvantopaf012@yahoo.com
Cc zqzvanrondeel.bere@yahoo.com
Subject Overdue doctor’s bill
Dear Mrs. Winter
I’ve been told that you manage queries regarding overdue accounts with Dr. Davel’s consulting room.
Yesterday, 12 January 2022, I received a reminder from your office about a doctor’s bill that has been
outstanding for three months.
I’ve been living abroad for the past five years, so it is thus impossible for me to have seen Dr. Davel.
I have also never been a patient of Dr. Davel and do not suffer from diabetes (as the doctor’s bill
indicates).
I hereby request that you reconsider the account. A copy of this message will also go to Dr. Davel for
his attention.
Lenerie Smith
Rooibos Tea Agent
Sans Park
New York
Tel. 0080074143
3.2.2 Category B
Informal report, formal report, magazine or newspaper article, review, agendas and minutes of meetings (as a combination).
a) Informal report
180-200 words 120-150 words
The focus of the informal report is usually on people and their activities, but its main aim is to convey information. Keep the
following important points in mind:
A suitable, effective heading is useful and adds value to the report.
Introductory paragraph: Explains the background to the report. The reason for, or purpose of, the report must be clear.
The intended target group of the report is important, as this dictates appropriate tone and style.
The language used is more informal, without becoming untidy.
Content paragraphs: Usually descriptive in nature.
Concluding paragraph: Summarises the informal report, without clumsy repetition of information.
In the end, the report must reflect an objective impression, but may contain your opinion or impressions, where applicable.
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b) Formal report
180-200 words 120-150 words
In a formal report, you provide systematic information on a formal event or matter wherein you want to convey “official”
information. Usually, this is a report your supervisor/superior/senior requests you to compile. Keep the following important
points in mind:
The intended target group is important.
Provide the report with a short but informative heading.
The language and style must be formal and the content very objective. Your own opinion (based on facts) can be included
where applicable.
Introductory paragraph: Clearly state the purpose of the report.
Content paragraphs: Be accurate with facts and make sure that ideas flow logically from one paragraph to the next.
Concluding paragraph: An effective summary of the report, without clumsy repetition of information.
c) Magazine article
180-200 words 120-150 words
A magazine article is similar to an informal report but is more focused on the human aspect of events. Keep the following
important points in mind:
The aim of a magazine article can be to provide information but also to educate or entertain.
An interesting heading that attracts the attention of readers is important. It can also contain a bit of emotion (positive or
negative) and reflect personal impressions.
The intended target group is important. Use a lively style that is neutral or informal.
Introductory paragraph: Gives background and tells the reader what to expect in the article.
Content paragraphs: Mainly descriptive but with a strong narrative style. In other words, the article tells a story about a
person or people but links the event(s) in the story with descriptions about the person(s) feelings/attitudes/perceptions
regarding the narrated event(s).
The tone remains in all circumstances polite and fair towards the person(s) mentioned in the article. Handle sensitive/
judgement issues with care.
Readers should feel that they have learnt something in the magazine article about events and/or a person(s).
Read a variety of magazine articles and establish what the tone is, what is said about a person(s), and how events in the
lives of people are described.
d) Newspaper article
180-200 words 120-150 words
A newspaper article focuses more on events of public importance than the human aspect (in contrast to magazine articles).
Keep the following important points in mind:
The intended target group is readers who want to be informed about events/news.
The heading is formulated in such a way that readers can appreciate the article.
Avoid emotional or personal points of view.
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Names, places and relevant details should be included in the article.
Read a variety of articles in newspapers and determine the requirements of effective news articles.
e) Review
180-200 words 120-150 words
A review is somebody’s evaluation of (for example) a book that he/she has read, a movie watched, a drama play attended, a
choir performance listened to, a new restaurant’s menu or dishes, etc. Keep the following important points in mind:
The evaluation involves an overview of the book/movie/play/choir performance, a general impression and a subjective, but
honest and fair, appreciation (good or bad) of the “product” reviewed.
A review is an individual impression and is always subjective, with no prescribed format.
Provide pertinent details, for example:
– Book review: Title, author, publisher and even the price.
– Movie review: Name of the film, name(s) of the main actor(s) and even place and times of showings.
– Restaurant review: Name of the restaurant, address/location of the restaurant, opening times, type of dishes served/
menu, quality of service, and whether it is necessary to book in advance.
– Play review: Name of the play, name(s) of the main actor(s), theatre, showtimes, until when it is playing at the theatre
(plays usually have a limited run)
f) Agendas and minutes of meetings

180-200 words 120-150 words
Sooner or later you may be involved in producing agendas and minutes, and you can be expected to compile agendas to attach
to notices of meetings or to write the minutes of meetings. The sooner you obtain the skills to do that, the better for your career
development.
Here are examples of how notices of meetings can be formulated:
Kindly take note of a meeting of the Highveld Pigeon Club that will be held in the clubhouse on Wednesday, 14 April 2022 at
18:00. The agenda is attached to this notice.
OR
Notice is hereby given of a meeting of the Highveld Pigeon Club that will be held in the clubhouse on Wednesday, 14 April
2022 at 18:00. The agenda is attached to this notice.
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Here is an example of an agenda (note the order of matters to be considered):
AGENDA
1. OPENING AND WELCOME

2. MEMBERS PRESENT and APOLOGIES
3. MINUTES OF THE PREVIOUS MEETING
4. ADOPTION OF THE MINUTES
5. MATTERS FROM THE MINUTES
5.1 Results of previous pigeon races
5.2 Painting of the clubhouse
5.3 Club membership fees
6. NEW MATTERS
6.1 Audit of financial statements
6.2 Expansion of pigeon races
6.3 New members
6.4 Health standards for pigeons
7. ADDITIONAL ITEMS
7.1 _________________
7.2 _________________
7.3 _________________
8. DATE OF NEXT MEETING
9. CLOSURE
Here is an example of what the minutes of a meeting with the above agenda might look like:
MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE HIGHVELD PIGEON CLUB HELD IN THE CLUBHOUSE ON WEDNESDAY,
14 APRIL 2022 AT 18:00
1. OPENING AND WELCOME

The chairperson opened the meeting with a prayer and welcomed all members present. He expressed the hope
that all members would participate in the discussions and that well-considered decisions would be taken on each
matter on the agenda.
2. MEMBERS PRESENT and APOLOGIES

The following members were present: Mr. F. Pollock (chairperson), Mrs. R. Crown (deputy chairperson), Mr. V.
Rice (secretary), Dr. A. van der Merwe, Miss E. Williams (treasurer), Mr. L. Clark, Mr. M. Cohen, Mr. B. Fortuin,
Mr. J. Howards, Mr. V. Sharpley, Mr. R. Wilkens, Mrs. J. Angelbeck, Mrs. S. Brown, Mrs. Y. Conway, Mrs. W. Cook,
Mrs. S. Faure and Mrs M. Lewis.
3. MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF 29 NOVEMBER 2021

See Annexure A.
4. ADOPTION OF THE MINUTES

The minutes of the meeting of 29 November 2021 were adopted, moved by Mr. J. Howards, seconded by
Mrs. S. Brown.
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5. MATTERS ARISING FROM THE MINUTES
5.1 Results from previous pigeon races
Miss M. Lewis said that all the results of previous pigeon races had been recorded in the register and all records
had been updated. The chairperson thanked Miss Lewis for the hard work.
5.2 Painting of the clubhouse
Mr. R. Wilkens reported that the painting of the clubhouse had been completed at a lower cost than initially
budgeted. The chairperson thanked Mr. Wilkens for the good work.
5.3 Membership fees
The treasurer expressed concern about the members whose membership fees were in arrears. A resolution was
adopted that members would pay their membership fees before the end of the month, otherwise their membership
would be terminated. Moved by Mr. B. Fortuin and seconded by Mrs. J. Angelbeck.
6. NEW MATTERS
6.1 Audit of financial statements
The chairperson announced that the auditors would be auditing the financial statements within the following two
weeks. The meeting noted that point.
6.2 Expansion of pigeon races
Various members complained that the racing programme was becoming monotonous and that some members are losing
interest in these races. After a long discussion, the meeting resolved that the secretary must investigate different competition
possibilities and provide feedback at the next meeting. Moved by Miss. S. Faure and seconded by Mr. V. Sharpley.
6.3 New members
The meeting acknowledged two new members who had joined the club: Mr. L. Clark and Mrs. W. Cook. The chairperson
welcomed the two new members and expressed the hope that they would feel at home at their new club.
6.4 Health standards for pigeons
Dr. A. Van der Merwe informed the meeting that, in terms of the law, no sick pigeons may participate in races. The
chairperson requested Dr. Van der Merwe to compile a list of health standards for the club. Miss. Y. Conway moved
that no pigeons be allowed to be enrolled for races unless they were declared healthy. Mr. M. Cohen seconded the
suggestion, and the meeting resolved the matter unanimously.
7. ADDITIONAL ITEMS
No additional items were added to the agenda.
8. DATE OF NEXT MEETING

18 May 2023
9. CLOSURE
Considering there were no further items on the agenda to be discussed, the chairperson closed the meeting at
20:30 by thanking the club members for their loyal support of the club.
Minutes are written in the past tense.
The obituary falls under Category C in Home Language but under Category B in First
Additional Language. To avoid repetition, the obituary is discussed under Category C.
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3.2.3 Category C
Informal speech, formal speech, obituary, dialogue, interview.
a) Informal speech
180-200 words 120-150 words
An informal speech is delivered during an informal event – the spirit and tone are light-hearted and friendly. Keep the following
important points in mind:
Know who your audience is, so that you can adjust your content according to the people you are talking to.
Focus on the topic.
Use relaxed language without degenerating into rude or demeaning language.
Start the introduction with something like:
Friends Dear friends

Build humour into your speech if it is appropriate.
Arrange your ideas so that they flow logically.
Round off your informal speech with suitable concluding remarks.
b) Formal speech
180-200 words 120-150 words
A formal speech is delivered during a formal event. Keep the following important points in mind:
Address the audience politely (“Ladies and gentlemen”). When referring to key people, use their titles and surnames, for
example,
Mister Ford Missus Williams Miss Robertson

Doctor White Professor Morris
In exceptional cases, it may be recognised as customary for the important person to be addressed by his/her title and first
name, for example,
Mister Shaun Missus Mary Miss Jo-Ann

Doctor Mike Professor Adrian
Know who your target audience is so that you can use an appropriate formal tone and style and keep your content relevant.
The language used is formal but courteous and polite.
The introduction begins with “Dear …” , followed by the person(s) who should be addressed, for example,
Dear Mister Howard Dear Missus Long Dear ladies and gentlemen
Arrange your ideas so that they flow logically.
Stick to the topic.
Conclude your formal speech with an effective summary of the content.
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c) Obituary
180-200 words 120-150 words
The aim of an obituary is to honour and commemorate a person who has passed away/died. Keep the following important
points in mind:
In different cultural and language environments the obituary can serve different purposes.
Provide your obituary with a fitting heading.
The tone is sincere and appreciative, and the focus is on the highlights of the person’s life.
Fit the language and style of the obituary to the solemnity of the occasion.
Provide relevant detail – specific dates and events from the person’s life are important.
Always ask yourself: What is proper and effective? What do I want to achieve with my obituary? Does it meet the expectations
of the audience in terms of respect, sincerity and suitability? If you have clarity on these questions, the content and
language use of your obituary will hit the target accurately.
d) Dialogue
180-200 words 120-150 words
In a dialogue, speaking partners are more or less equal in the roles they perform and their participation in the conversation.
Keep the following in mind:
Clearly indicate the names of the participants and distinguish between their turns. The names must be followed by a colon,
followed by their words, for example:
Me: You are very quiet nowadays, Juan. You can talk to me about it if you want to. Perhaps we’re worried about the
same things.
Juan: I’m really worried about the exams. It feels as if I’ve lost my way with my studies.
Me: …
Juan: …
Each speaking turn starts on a new line.

Focus on the topic and let the ideas link naturally and spontaneously.
Consider the participants to the dialogue. The tone and language used in a dialogue between a teacher and learner (for
example) will be different from a dialogue between two friends. Be sensitive for nuances of respect between older and
younger people, junior and senior employees, children and parents, etc.
A realistic and natural flow in the dialogue will definitely count in your favour.
Round the dialogue off with suitable words from both participants.
e) Interview
180-200 words 120-150 words
An interview and dialogue are similar in nature and format, but with one significant difference: in a dialogue the roles of the
participants in the conversation are the same, but in the interview, each participant has a specific role – one person asks the
questions and the other person answers. Keep the following important points in mind:
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The interviewer must be friendly and courteous and should avoid long-winded questions. Short and direct questions enable
the interviewee to focus and answer fully.
Indicate clearly who is the interviewer and who is the respondent – don’t confuse the roles. Add colons after the names,
followed by their words, for example,
Interviewer: Thank you for being willing to participate in this interview.

Your fans will appreciate every word!
Rose: Nothing gives me more pleasure than to tell my fans more about myself. Actually, I live a simple life, with my
feet firmly planted in the farmlands around Bethal.
Interviewer: …
Rose: …
Each speaking turn starts on a new line.

If the interviewee is a senior person (in years or status) a formal way of addressing him/her is appropriate, but if the
participants in the conversation are of equal status, a more informal tone can be maintained – the context and situation
determine the level of formality or informality. As long as the interview progresses naturally and is convincing, the language
and content will fit spontaneously.
Conclude the interview in an appropriate manner, for example:
Interviewer: Thank you for your time today …
Be fresh, creative and original in your closing words.
3.3 Section C (FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE only)

3.3.1 Category A
Advertisement, invitation, pamphlet, flyer.
a) Advertisement
First Additional Language
80-100 words
In an advertisement you want to make known a product, service or event. Keep the following in mind:
Mention the good qualities of the product, service or event to convince readers to buy the product, make use of the service
or attend the event.
Your marketing strategy determines what your advertisement looks like, for example:
– A product/service may be advertised continuously (daily, weekly, monthly, etc.). No fixed date and/or time is necessarily
linked to (for example) advertisements for vehicles, food products, cosmetics, etc. Consumers can be made aware of
these products over a long period.
– If a product/service is new in the market or it is available at a discount (on a sale) for a limited time, the date, time and
place (or venue) must be indicated very clearly. (This kind of advertisement differs from advertisements for a continuous
product or service.)
– The same is true for an event. If you advertise, for example, the opening of a new soccer club, the date, time and place
(venue) should appear clearly in the advertisement.
Make sure that you understand what is advertised, and under what circumstances, so that you can design your advertisement
(strategy) accordingly.
Advertise the good aspects of the product, service or event in an original way without exaggerating or scaring off your
reader. Remember: you want readers to buy the product, make use of the service or attend the event.
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Design your advertisement so that it is attractive by attending to the use of language (register, style, etc.) so that it is
suitable for the target group.
A car advertisement aimed at old, frail buyers, for example, will be completely different from a car advertisement aimed at
young working people.
b) Invitation
80-100 words
Invitations are written to invite a person(s) to a function or event. People are invited to various types of functions/events, for
example, birthday or engagement parties, welcome or farewell events, inaugurations of important persons (mayor, counsellors,
etc.), the opening of buildings, etc. Written invitations can be informal or formal.
When writing an informal invitation, keep the following in mind:
Informal invitations do not have a fixed form and are usually written in the first (I, me, we) and second person (you). The use
of first names is common in informal invitations.
The register, tone and style are informal but polite.
Clearly indicate specific information: who is invited, the nature of the event, date (written in full), time, venue and dress
code.
The invitation may contain all the information in a short paragraph or list the information, such as the event, date, time and
venue, below each other on separate lines.
No lengthy, cumbersome paragraphs!
The invitation must indicate the name(s) and surname(s) of the sender(s)/host(s) at the end of the invitation, so that the
invitee(s) know who extended the invitation.
Dress code: Indicate clearly what the invitees should wear when attending the event (formal, informal, casual, etc.).
Here is an example of an informal invitation:
101 Mapleton Road

Chestertown your address
0121
10 November 2022
the invitee is addressed in a personal,

My dear Bongiwe
informal tone using his/her first name
I have great pleasure in informing you that I have finally completed my
degree. I would like to invite you to my graduation party to celebrate my here all the information (event, venue/
achievement. The graduation party will be at my parents’ home on place, date, time) is in a paragraph, but it
23 December 2022, from 13:00. can also be in a list format
The theme colours for the party are dusty pink with a touch of black. indicate the dress code
The dress code is smart casual. You may bring three additional guests.
Let me know if you will be able to come and share my special day with us.
Yours sincerely
Dimakatso Gabada name and surname of
the sender/host
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When writing a formal invitation, keep the following in mind:
A formal invitation is usually written in the third person and has a more fixed form than the informal invitation.
The invitees are mentioned in the third person and according to their titles, with the initials or names accompanying
the surnames.
Then the nature of the event is mentioned.
Personal invitations can be on a card. This Examination Preparation Guide focuses on the invitation card.
An invitation card has a specific format that makes it clear that it is an invitation. The tone is friendly and inviting.
The date, time and venue are usually listed below each other, but this is not always a precondition.
The register, tone and style depend on the requirements of the topic.
The most important information should draw the reader’s attention. Start by indicating who is being invited, then provide
specific information such as the function/event, date (written in full), time, venue and dress code.
The name(s) of the host(s) should appear at the end in a formal manner: title(s) and initial(s) or name(s) with surname(s).
Include the date by which invitees should indicate whether they will attend or not. The French acronym RSVP can be used,
and a contact person and phone number must be included here.
Here are two examples of formal invitations. The invitations you design don’t have to look exactly like these, but they
must provide the same type of information in the same order, depending on the type of invitation.
Miss. A. Goodbody is hereby cordially invited to the

The principal and staff of Vincent High School farewell function for Mrs. E. Leevey, principal of Stirling
are invited to the farewell function of Mr. G. Smith, Primary School. She is retiring after 40 years of service.
the principal of Stirling Primary School
The details of the event are:
The function will be held on Monday, 15 May 2022 Date: Monday, 15 May 2022
at 18:00 in the school hall of Stirling Primary School. Time: 18:00 (promptly)
Venue: Stirling Primary School school hall
The dress code is formal (preferably a suit for men Dress code: Semi-formal
and evening dress or pantsuit for women). (Men: Sports coat and trousers)
(Women: Tasteful casual wear)
Entrance is free. Admission: R200 per person or R300 per couple
Please RSVP by Friday, 28 March 2022 RSVP: Before Friday, 28 March 2022
by contacting Mary Jones on 0739919676. Phone Mary Jones on 0739919676.
Chairperson, Social Committee: Chairperson, Social Committee:

Ann Da Silva Ann Da Silva
Comments for learners

Who is the target? (Who is invited?)
Why is the function being held?
When (day/date) is the function?
What time does it start?
Where is it being held?
What is the dress code?
Additional information
Are there any costs involved?
How and by when should you RSVP?
What are the contact details?
Page 27
c) Pamphlet
80-100 words
Pamphlets are a way of distributing information cheaply. You can affix pamphlets to noticeboards and shop windows, insert
them in post boxes and under office doors, or put them under the wipers of motor vehicles, etc. Keep the following in mind:
The writing can be big (almost like a poster), so people can see it from a distance or smaller print to include more
information.
We distribute pamphlets to introduce products and services (for example, a newly established shop), announce events (for
example, a school fête), or issue notices (for example, the municipality announcing water restrictions or a political party
holding a public meeting).
The lay-out and content of a pamphlet depend on the nature of the information/announcement/notice, etc. A pamphlet
that popularises products and services has the approach of an advertisement. On the contrary, a municipal notice of water
restrictions will contain rules and regulations, with times during which water may be used.
Here is an example of a pamphlet:
HEALTH. CONTACT US
Tel:
LIFESTYLE.
HEALTHY
(011) 234 5678
DIET. Email:
TREATS NUTRIENTS.
healthytreats@lifestyle.com
Address:
123 Jack Ave, Pinetown, Arcadia,
ENERGY. Johannesburg, 1579
OUR MISSION
Where influential SUPPORT US
To inspire people to groups of people
choose a healthier and and companies We are funded by
more compassionate way charitable donations
come together to
of eating through plant- that enable us to help
based eating.
inspire others to people access a
make greener, more healthier lifestyle.
We strive to live in a time compassionate
where people critically choices.
analyse their food choices.
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d) Flyer
80-100 words
A flyer is actually the same as a pamphlet, except that it is intended to be “flying”, in other words: be distributed by hand in all
sorts of conventional and unconventional ways. Keep the following in mind:
Where pamphlets can be bigger in size and attached to notice boards, flyers are usually smaller in size and often offer less
information.
The print is usually not as large as in the case of pamphlets and posters – a flyer is taken by hand and read instantly.
The same principles as with pamphlets are valid here. A flyer that advertises products and services contains different
information from, for example, the flyers of a political party that wants your vote.
Here is an example of a flyer:
ARE YOUR SNEAKERS DIRTY?

We can help!!!
Bring your sneakers for a clean and thorough wash.

Your precious pair will look and smell like new!
We also provide pick-up services within a 10km radius

and return your precious, clean sneakers within 24 hours!
Do not wait – call us today on 081 234 6743 to enquire about this amazing service (David Stevenson)
OR Email us to make enquiries or arrange for a pick-up: dirtaway@gmail.com
Address: 123 Silverwoods Road, Berea Gardens, Johannesburg, 2000
3.3.2 Category B
Diary items and short messages.
a) Diary items
80-100 words
Diary items are personal messages about yourself and the reality around you, which you want to capture regularly (sometimes
daily) in short messages in a special book (called a diary). Keep the following in mind:
You communicate a diary item to yourself, even if it deals with the reality around you. A first-person approach (I, me, my,
we) is therefore common.
Your feelings, perceptions, opinions and experiences play an important role in your diary items.
Use full sentences and formulate your thoughts clearly.
Take note of the number of diary items that you need to provide in the examination and remember to write the day and/or
date at each item.
Avoid too much and unnecessary punctuation. One question mark, exclamation mark, ellipsis, etc. per sentence is sufficient.
b) Short messages
80-100 words
Short messages sent through social media (SMSs, Facebook, WhatsApp, etc.) are one of the most popular ways of modern
communication. Keep the following in mind:
Page 29
In the examination, it can be expected from you to write more than one text message.
Use full sentences and avoid slang words or your own abbreviated modes.
Example: Reply to the WhatsApp below, which you just received from your best friend.
I just arrived in Cape Town. We’re safe. I miss you guys terribly!
We are so happy that you arrived safely! My mom was a bit worried because you left here so
late and the roads are so dangerous these days. Thank you for letting us know, now everyone
can relax! The house is very quiet without you. I really enjoyed your visit, and I enjoyed my
holidays for the first time in ages. You and I really are the best when it comes to enjoying
ourselves. You fit in very well with my family, and they all love you dearly. We miss you too!
We’ll talk soon. Stay safe!
3.3.3 Category C
Instructions, directions.
a) Instructions
80-100 words
Instructions are a series of orders to be completed to accomplish a certain task, for example, how to install a TV/prune plants/
mix paint/bake a cake/make clothes/fish – the possibilities are endless. Keep the following in mind:
Write in full sentences.
Write your instructions in the imperative (like a lot of this guide is written): No subject, start your sentences with the verb
in its infinitive form.
Your instructions must be in the correct sequence and logical.
Indicate clearly what each and every step involves in order for the task to be accomplished.
Ensure that you adhere to the number of instructions indicated in the question paper.
If the number of instructions required is not indicated in the question paper, let the number of words for this task (80-100)
guide you.
Instructions can be written point by point (as below) or in paragraph format.
Here is an example of instructions:
INSTRUCTIONS: How to bake vanilla cookies

Preheat the oven to 180˚C.
Cream margarine, castor sugar and vanilla essence together.
Gradually add the egg, flour and baking powder and mix until combined. Do not work the dough too much.
Wrap the dough in plastic wrap and cool in the refrigerator for 10-15 minutes.
Roll the dough on a lightly floured surface to a thickness of about 5mm. Cut it with a cookie cutter.
Bake for 8-10 minutes or until the cookies are golden brown.
Take them out of the oven and cool them on a cooling rack.
Page 30
b) Directions
80-100 words
With directions you explain to someone how to reach a certain destination. Keep the following in mind:
Write in full sentences and make sure each instruction is understandable.
As in the case with instructions, your directions should be specific and in the correct logical sequence.
Clearly indicate what each step requires in order to reach the destination.
You may start your directions with a verb every time, but you can also use descriptive sentences if they help indicate
directions to the destination.
Use your own beacons, distance (if applicable) and direction markers if the question paper does not include these in the
question, e.g. street names, number of city blocks, buildings, businesses, home and shop numbers (where applicable), east,
west, south, north (where applicable), etc.
If the question paper includes a map/direction markers, you must identify these and use them to make your directions clear
and understandable.
EXAMPLE: Your friend is at your house, but needs to get to East Rand Mall. Write directions to guide him/her.
DIRECTIONS TO EAST RAND MALL FROM HOME

From my home (here you can include the address), take a left turn into Beyers Street.
There is an Engen filling station on the right.
Take a right turn at the Engen filling station into Toyer Street.
Drive towards the T-junction and turn left into Rondebult Road.
Proceed straight and pass two sets of traffic lights. You will see a McDonald’s on the left.
Turn right at the next traffic light into Rand Road, past the Ranger car dealership (on the left).
Still on Rand Road, keep to the right lane and pass the first set of traffic lights.
Turn right at the next set of traffic lights and East Rand Mall will be to your right.
Summary
If you want to achieve success with Section B (and C), you must write at least three pieces of each transactional writing text
during the course of the year, to develop your skills in each. After all, we all want good marks in Paper 3!
Make sure you read the instruction to each question very carefully
and stick to what the topic requires.
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NOTES
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NOTES
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NOTES
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Your Examination

Through AVBOB STEP 12, AVBOB is making available 33 Examination Preparation

As the Department of Basic Education, we encourage Grade 12 language teachers and

On behalf of the Department of Basic Education

Mrs Angie Motshekga, MP

3.1 Section A: Essay (Home and First Additional Language) 05

3.3 Section C (First Additional Language only) 25

YOU SHOULD KNOW WHAT THE CAPS SAYS

Category A Category B Category C

 Questions in Section B come from all three categories.

Section A Section B Total

PAPER 3: 3 HOURS, 100 MARKS, 2 SECTIONS

Section A: 50 marks Section B: 50 (25 × 2) marks

Category A Category B Category C

Category A Category B Category C

 In Sections B and C, there will be a question from each category.

Section A Section B Section C Total

Section A: 50 marks Section B: 30 marks Section C: 20 marks

FIRST ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE

3.1 Section A: Essay (Home and First Additional Language)

What should I keep in mind regarding the different essay types?

A discursive essay considers different points of view.

How should I interpret visuals?

3.1.2 Essays based on visuals

3.1.3 Marking and effective language use

Always keep the following in mind!

You will earn maximum marks if:

You can still earn good marks if:

All this requires careful planning!

In your review you should continue to ask yourself:

To achieve success in Section A, you need to practise by writing at least

5 Sunset Avenue write street number first

Your daughter Greetings Lots of love

 Schematically, the format of the informal letter is as follows:

Dear John (Informal salutation)

Dear Sir Dear Madam Dear Professor

Yours faithfully Kind regards Regards Yours sincerely

215 Church Street 3 Sunset Avenue P.O. Box 3 P.O. Box 3

5 Sunset Avenue write street number first

Address of the institution

Dear Sir (formal salutation)

Topic (in capitals and/or underlined)

c) Letter to the press

Dear Sir (formal salutation)

Topic (in capitals and/or underlined)

Curriculum vitae of (your name and surname)

Surname: (your surname)

Address of the institution

Dear Sir (formal salutation)

Topic (in capitals and/or underlined)

Write your message here.

Write the closing/sign-off here.

Dear Mrs. Winter

f) Agendas and minutes of meetings

1. OPENING AND WELCOME

1. OPENING AND WELCOME

2. MEMBERS PRESENT and APOLOGIES

3. MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF 29 NOVEMBER 2021

4. ADOPTION OF THE MINUTES

8. DATE OF NEXT MEETING

 Minutes are written in the past tense.

Friends Dear friends

Mister Ford Missus Williams Miss Robertson

Mister Shaun Missus Mary Miss Jo-Ann

Questions in Section B come from all three categories.

In Sections B and C, there will be a question from each category.

Schematically, the format of the informal letter is as follows:

Minutes are written in the past tense.

Each speaking turn starts on a new line.

Each speaking turn starts on a new line.

Be fresh, creative and original in your closing words.