GROUPE 1

EXPOSE D’ANGLAIS
THEME : ILLEGAL MIGRATION AND CONSEQUENCES

Membres du groupe :
Salimata DIOP
Dieynaba NDAO
Gnagna GUEYE
Coumba BATHILY

PLAN DE L’EXPOSE

INTRODUCTION
I. LES CAUSES
II. CONSEQUENCES
1. IN HOST COUNTRIES
2. IN THE COUNTRIES OF DEPARTURE
III. SOLUTIONS
CONCLUSION

Mr LO
2023/2024
 Introduction
For a long time now, humanity has been faced with a great public calamity: illegal
emigration. Illegal emigration is the unlawful entry into a foreign national territory without
having completed the expected formalities. It is a veritable scourge throughout the world.
However, this phenomenon is the result of a number of factors which are not without
consequences, but there are solutions available to us to remedy the situation.

I. THE CAUSES
Economic causes: these are linked to poor working standards, high unemployment and
unequal income distribution.
Natural causes: these are characterised by natural disasters and the effects of climate
change.
Religious causes: religion is a source of problems in some countries because it causes
religious disputes between individuals.

Political causes: These relate to the lack of participatory democracy and inclusion of
migrants in the development process of the host country.
Other causes: these relate to study, business, visits, etc.

II. CONSEQUENCES
1. In host countries
Immigration has various consequences in host countries, which can be both positive and
negative. Here are some of the most common consequences:
Impact on the economy: Immigrants can contribute to economic growth by filling jobs often
not filled by local citizens, creating new businesses and stimulating demand for goods and
services.
Some believe that immigration can lead to increased competition for low-skilled jobs, which
can affect wages and working conditions for local workers.
Cultural diversity: Immigration enriches the host society by bringing new perspectives,
traditions, languages and cultural experiences.
Some people may fear that cultural diversity could lead to social tensions, conflict or a loss of
social cohesion.
Pressure on public services: Immigrants often contribute to population growth, which can
help maintain and fund public services such as schools, hospitals and public transport.
However, a large increase in population can also put additional pressure on these services,
especially if resources are not adequately allocated.
Social integration: Many immigrants integrate successfully into the host society, contributing
to its social fabric and diversity.
However, integration can sometimes pose challenges due to language, cultural or economic
barriers.
2. In the countries of departure
Illegal migration has many consequences, particularly in the countries of departure. Migrants
who leave an area create a demographic vacuum and a shortage of labour. Illegal migration
can lead to unemployment and poverty, because when migrants leave their country of
origin, there is a shortage of labour. It therefore creates a population imbalance that can
lead to overpopulation in a given region. This could also deprive regions of emigration of
their most qualified and dynamic members.
Migration causes economic problems in the countries of departure, because with a lack of
labour, unemployment and a shortage of manpower, the country will have difficulty raising
the capital needed for its development.

III. SOLUTIONS
Illegal migration is a worrying problem. To remedy this, we need to :
- Strengthen borders: By using surveillance technologies and building physical barriers.
- Facilitate legal immigration by offering more visas and work permits.
- Strengthen sanctions: Laws against illegal immigration must be rigorously enforced.
- Improve conditions in countries of origin: by helping to stabilise these countries and
improving living conditions, people would be less inclined to seek refuge in other countries.
- International cooperation: countries must work together to combat the networks of people
smugglers.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, immigration has significant economic, cultural and social impacts on host
countries. While these consequences can be both positive and negative, enlightened
management and an inclusive approach can help harness the benefits of diversity while
mitigating the challenges associated with integrating newcomers. By adopting well thought-
out policies and promoting intercultural dialogue, host countries can turn immigration into a
positive force for their society and economy.