University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

Course or topic No(s)

ELEN3012A

SIGNALS&SYSTEMS II
Course or topic name(s)

Paper Number & Title LAB 1 (Filter Practical Analysis) EXERCISE

_________________________________________________________________________________

INSTRUCTION:

Time Allowed: 70 minutes

All questions must be answered.

SUBMISSION OF ANSWER BOOKLET(S): There are two booklets provided, A pink

booklet for section B and an MCQ card along with a White Booklet(Rough work booklet).
The white booklet is to be used for rough work in section A i.e rough work for the MCQ Sec-
tion.

You are required to hand in the answer booklet(s) given to you for your rough works. Note
that the answer booklet (s) that contain(s) your rough works will not be marked. The book-
let(s) will be used as proofs of your physical attendance of this test. They will also be made
available to the external examiner if requested, and be kept for ECSA accreditation of EIE
program if the booklets are required for the accreditation exercise.

Also submit your solutions to Section B i.e QB1 in the Pink Booklet. Strictly follow the in-
structions of the Invigilator who will guide this process.

Answer all questions in all sections.

Please clearly mark your answers on the Multiple Choice Answer Script provided and follow the
instructions of the Invigilator to fill in the MCQ card (Invigilator Instructions are what was
Announced on Ulwazi)

Tables are also provided for Butterworth and Chebyshev Filters

Unless clearly stated, all filters are assumed to be either low or highpass filters only.

________________________________________________________________________
UNLESS CLEARLY STATED ALL FILTERS IN THIS QUESTION PAPER ARE ASSUMED TO BE
EITHER HIGHPASS OR LOW PASS FILTERS ONLY

Question 1 (2 marks)
Consider a Chebyshev filter with Gs(dB) = − 20 dB at ω = 15 rad/s and Gp(dB) = − 2 dB at ω
= 5 rad/s. Hardware components to implement the filter require that 0.4 < n < 6.2. What is the
order of the minimal order filter that can be implemented?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. None of the other options are correct

Question 2 (5 marks)

Consider a Chebyshev filter with the following specifications, where the filter gain is G:

G (dB) <= − 20 dB at ω = 14 rad/s

G (dB) >= − 2 dB at ω = 5 rad/s

Hardware components to implement the filter require that 0.4 < n < 6.2. For the minimal order
filter that can be implemented, what is the cutoff frequency to one decimal place?

A. 5
B. 14
C. 5.4
D. 5.8
E. None of the other options are correct

Question 3 (5 marks)

Consider a Chebyshev filter with the following specifications, where the filter gain is G:

G (dB) <= − 20 dB at ω = 15 rad/s

G (dB) >= − 2 dB at ω = 5 rad/s
Hardware components to implement the filter require that 0.4 < n < 6.2. For the minimal order
filter that can be implemented, what is the quarter power frequency to one decimal place?

A. 5.4 rad/s
B. 6.4 rad/s
C. 5 rad/s
D. 15 rad/s
E. None of the other options are correct

Question 4 (5 marks)

A Chebyshev filter is required to satisfy the following constraints:

(i) -3 dB ≤ | H(jω) |dB ≤ 0 dB ∀ω≤8
(ii) | H(jω) |dB ≤ −2 dB for ω ≤ 5
(iii) H (jω) | ≤ 0.794 for ω ≥ 15
(iv) | H(jω) | ≥ 0.1 for ω = 2.5
(v) | H (jω) |dB ≤ − 20 dB for ω ≥ 10|
(vi) Hardware components require that the order is greater than 1.2

For this filter, what is the lowest possible cutoff frequency to one decimal place?

A. 2.5
B. 5.1
C. 8
D. 10
E. None of the other statements is true.

Question 5 (5 marks)
A Butterworth filter has been designed to ensure that Gs(dB) ≥ − 20 dB at ω = 20 rad/s. Upon
implementing the filter using a resistor inductor topology the filter can not be implemented.
The reason is that one of the hardware components only allows a filter order of 0.8 ≤ n ≤ 8.4
with Gs(dB) = − 20 dB, at a new ωs = 37.5 and ωc = 12. What is the highest quarter power
frequency (to 1 decimal places) that will allow the filter to be implemented with the hardware
for all the design criteria?
A. 20.9 rad/s
B. 37.5 rad/s
 C. 30.1 rad/s
D. 10 rad/s
E. None of the other options are correct

Question 6 (5 marks)

Consider a Chebyshev filter with the following specifications, where the filter gain is G:

G (dB) ≤ − 30 dB at ω ≥ 10 rad/s
G (dB) ≥ − 3 dB for ω ≤ 5 rad/s
G (dB) ≤ − 2 dB for ω ≥ 20 rad/s
G (dB) ≥ − 20 dB for ω = 2.5 rad/s
Hardware components to implement the filter require that the filter is NOT an all pass filter.

What is the lowest possible cutoff frequency to one decimal place?

A. 2.5 rad/s
B. 5.6 rad/s
C. 7.5 rad/s
D. 0 rad/s
E. None of the other options are correct

Question 7 (5 marks)

A Chebyshev filter is required to satisfy the following constraints:

(i) -3 dB ≤ | H(jω) |dB ≤ 0 dB ∀ω≤8
(ii) | H(jω) |dB ≤ −2 dB for ω ≤ 5
(iii) | H (jω) |dB ≤ − 20 dB for ω ≥ 10
(iv) | H(jω) | ≥ 0.1 for ω = 2.5
(v) | H (jω) | ≤ 0.794 for ω ≥ 15
(vi) Hardware components require that the filter is NOT an all pass filter

For this filter what is the highest possible cutoff frequency to one decimal place?
 A. 2.5
B. 5
C. 8
D. 10
E. None of the other statements is true.

Question 8 (5 marks)

Consider a Chebyshev filter with the following specifications, where the filter gain is
G(measured to one decimal place):

G (dB) ≤ − 30 dB at ω ≥ 10 rad/s
G (dB) ≥ − 3 dB for ω ≤ 5 rad/s
G (dB) ≤ − 2 dB for ω ≥ 20 rad/s
G (dB) ≥ − 20 dB for ω = 2.5 rad/s
Hardware components to implement the filter require that the filter is NOT an all pass filter.

What is the lowest order to ensure that the minimum possible cutoff frequency?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. None of the other options are correct

Question 9 (5 marks)

A Butterworth filter has been designed to ensure that Gs(dB) ≥ − 20 dB at ω = 20 rad/s, with
ωc =10 rad/s. Upon implementing the filter using a resistor inductor topology the filter can
not be implemented. The reason is that one of the hardware components only allows a filter
order of 0.8 ≤ n ≤ 8.4 with Gs(dB) = − 20 dB, at a new ωs = 37.5 and ωc = 12. What is the
lowest quarter power frequency (to 1 decimal places) that will allow the filter to be
implemented with the hardware for all the design criteria?

A. 14.4 rad/s
B. 12 rad/s
C. 12.9 rad/s
 D. 10 rad/s
E. None of the other options are correct

Question 10 (5 marks)

Consider a Chebyshev filter with the following specifications, where the filter gain is
G(measured to one decimal place):

G (dB) ≤ − 7 dB at ω ≥ 10 rad/s
G (dB) ≥ − 3 dB for ω ≤ 5 rad/s
G (dB) ≤ − 2 dB for ω ≥ 20 rad/s
G (dB) ≥ − 20 dB for ω = 2.5 rad/s
Hardware components to implement the filter require that the filter is NOT an all pass filter.

What is the lowest order to ensure the minimum possible none-zero cutoff frequency?

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. None of the other options are correct
Section B (Strictly Answer in the Pink Booklet)

Question B1 (10 marks)

A Butterworth filter is required to be designed with the filter gain G such that

(i) G(dB) at 5ωc is no more than − 20 dB

(ii) G at 0.5ωc must be more than 0.5
(iii) G at 20ωc is less than 0.1
(iv) 𝐺̂ at 0.45ωc must be more than -6.9357dB
(v) practical constraints require that the components to implement the filter be reduced to
the minimum possible.

For a filter of the above specifications find the range of cutoff frequencies that are possible.
(Make sure to show ALL your workings clearly so as to justify your answer)