Mathematics 7

Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 2
Subsets, Universal Sets, Null Set and
Other Terms Related to Sets
Mathematics Grade 7
Quarter 1 – Self-Learning Module 2: Subsets, Universal Sets, Null Set and
Other Terms Related to Sets
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writers: Evangeline A. Edralin; Ma. Cyril Anne P. Erestain;
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Maria Caroline B. Soliven
Editors: Ma. Cynthia P. Badana; Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa
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Pasig City
 Mathematics 7
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 2
Subsets, Universal Sets, Null Set and Other
Terms Related to Sets

Introductory Message
 For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 7 Self-Learning Module on Subsets,
Universal Sets, Null Set and Other Terms Related to Sets!
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
self-learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning
module.

For the Learner:

 Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 7 Self-Learning Module on Subsets,
Universal Sets, Null Set and Other Terms Related to Sets!
This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace
and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while
being an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.

EXPECTATIONS
 MODULE 2: Subsets, Universal Sets, Null Set and Other
Terms Related to Sets

1. Describe and identify universal sets, subsets, proper subsets, joint

and disjoint sets, equal and equivalent sets and finite and infinite
sets.
2. Determine the number of subsets of the given sets.

PRETEST

Directions: Analyze the given sets and identify its kind. Write True if it is correct
and False if it is not.
A = Set of colors in the rainbow
B = Set of days in a week
___________1. Set A is a finite set.
___________2. Set A and Set B are equal sets.
___________3. Set A and B are disjoint sets.
___________4. An empty set is a subset of both Set A and Set B.
___________5. There are 128 subsets in Set B.

RECAP

How much have you learned about the concepts on identifying well-defined
sets and its cardinality?
Read and analyze each question carefully. Write your answer on the
space provided.
1. Is a set of integers greater than 24 a well-defined or not well-defined set?
Explain your answer. ________________________________________
2. How many elements are there in a set of letters in the word QUARANTINE?
Answer: __________________________________________________
3. Write the set of world continents in listing method.
Answer: ________________________________________________________________
 For numbers 4 and 5, rewrite the given set below.
S = {x/x is a set of numbers greater tha15}
4. Listing Method:
Answer: _______________________________________________________________
5. Verbal Description Method:
Answer: _______________________________________________________________

LESSON

In this lesson sets, there are many other interesting topics that we are going
to learn such as universal set, subsets, proper subsets, joint and disjoint sets,
equal and equivalent sets and finite and infinite sets.
Universal Set
We learned already in the previous module on how to write the given sets in
different ways. So, can you help me in writing the given sets below using Listing
Method?
A. Set U is a set of whole numbers less than 10.
B. Using the elements in Set U, write Set A as a set of odd numbers.
C. Using the elements in Set U, write Set B as a set of multiples of 3.

To write Set U as a set of whole numbers less than 10, we have;

U = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
To write Set A as a set of odd numbers considering the elements in Set U, we have;
A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
and for Set B as a set of multiples of 3 considering the elements in Set U, we have;
B = {3, 6, 9}.
Since Sets A and B are both parts of the Set U, then A and B are subsets of
the Set U, called the Universal Set. A Universal Set is the set of all elements
under consideration, denoted by a capital letter U. All other sets are subsets of the
universal set.

Types of Sets
A. Equal and Equivalent Sets
Let us try to analyze the given pair of sets and compare the elements of each
set.
Set A is a set of letters in the word CARE A = {C, A, R, E}
 Set B is a set of letters in the word RACE
B = {R, A, C, E}
It can be observed that the elements in Set A are exactly the same in Set B,
so these sets are called equal sets.

C = { Sun, Mon, Tues, Wed, Thurs, Fri, Sat } n(C) = 7

D = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 } n(D) = 7

It can be observed that Set C and Set D have the same number of elements
which is 7, so these sets are called equivalent sets.

When two sets have exactly the same objects/elements, these sets are called
Equal Sets and two sets having the same cardinality or number of elements are
called Equivalent Sets.
Examples:
Are the following sets equal or equivalent?
1. X = { a, e, i, o, u } Y = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 }
2. M = { red, blue, white, yellow } N = { white, red, yellow, blue }
Solutions:
1. Sets X and Y are equivalent sets because they have the same number of
elements.
2. Sets M and N are equal sets because they have exactly same elements and
the order of the elements does not matter.

B. Joint and Disjoint Sets

Let us try to analyze Set M and Set E and compare the elements of the given
pair of sets.
M = { a, e, i, o, u }
E = { l, o, v, e }
We can say that there are elements in Set M that are similar to Set E. They
have common elements which are e and o so these sets are called joint sets.

Considering the elements in Set P and Set Q;

P ={ +,-,x,÷}
Q = { red, blue, green }
they have no elements that are similar, so these sets are called disjoint sets.

When two sets have at least one common object/element, these are called
joint sets and two sets having no common object/element are called disjoint sets.

Examples :
Are the following sets joint or disjoint?
1. S = { c, o, v, i, d } T = { v, i, r, u, s }
 2. J = { Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao } K = { 1, 2. 3. 4. 5 }
Solutions:
1. Sets S and T are joint sets because they have common elements which are
v and i.
2. Sets J and K are disjoint sets because they have no common elements.

C. Finite and Infinite Sets

Let us identify the elements of the given sets.
E = { x/x is a set of primary directions }
F = { x/x is a set of numbers greater than 8 }
In Set E, the set of elements are east, west, north and south. Since we can
actually name the elements and can be able to identify, then we can say the n(E)=4,
then it is called finite set. However, in F = { 9, 10, 11, 12, …} there are more
elements that we can possibly write but we cannot identify the last element that is
greater than 8 because it is never ending, thus this set is called infinite set. The
three dots or the ellipsis ( … ) denote that there are more elements after 12.
A set is finite if the elements are countable while a set is infinite if the
number of elements cannot be counted and there is no last element.
Examples :
Are the following sets finite or infinite?
1. Set G is a set of multiples of 5
2. Set M is a set of days in a week
Solutions:
1. Sets G is an infinite set because we cannot write the last number that is a
multiple of 5.
2. Set M is finite because there are 7 days in a week and we can list/name
them all.

D. Subsets and Proper Sets

Let us analyze the problem below.
Suppose you have two snacks to choose from – pancit and cupcake. How
many possible snack choices can you make?
So, let us list them all to know the number of possible snack choices that
you can make out of pancit and cupcake.
At first, you may end up eating both since you are
{pancit, cupcake }
very hungry.
{pancit} Or you may just eat the pancit only.
{ cupcake } Or you may just eat the cupcake only.
But, you may not eat any of the two since you are
{ }
not yet hungry.
 Looking at the listed choices, we were able to make 4. If we put it in set,
S = {pancit, puto} with 4 subsets such as {pancit, puto}, {pancit}, {puto} and { }. In
every set, null or empty set is a subset of a set.
However, if there are 3 elements in a set for example A = {1, 2, 3} the subsets
that we have are: {1, 2, 3}, {1, 2}, {1, 3}, {2, 3}, {1}, {2}, {3}, { }. To be able to get the
number of subsets in a given set, use 2 n, where n is the cardinality of the given set.
That is why in set A = {1, 2, 3}, n(A) = 3 so 2 n= 23 which means 2 x 2 x 2 = 8.
Therefore, A = {1, 2, 3} has 8 subsets.
How many subsets are there in D = {a, e, i, o, u}? Since n(A) = 5 so 2 n= 25
which means 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 32. Therefore, D = {a, e, i, o, u} has 32 subsets.
A subset is a set whose elements are all members of another set. Set A is a
subset of set B, written as A ⊆ B, if and only if every element in A is also an
element in B. The number of subsets in a given set is 2n, where n is the number of
elements in a set.
Set A is a proper subset of set B, written as A⊂B, if there is at least one
element in B not contained in A. For example: Set A = { h, e, a, r } is a proper
subset of Set B ={ h, e, a, r, t } because Set A has one element that cannot be
found in Set B which is the element t.

ACTIVITIES

Analyze the given questions. Write your answers on the space provided.

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE

A. Direction: Determine if the following sets are equal or equivalent sets.
_______________ 1. A = {letters in the word STAY} B = {H, O, M, E}
_______________ 2. C = {P, A, N, D, E, M, I, C} D = {C, I, M, E, D, N, A, P}
_______________ 3. E = {counting numbers from 1 to 5} F = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
_______________ 4. G = {letters in the word FACE} H = {M, A, S, K}
_______________ 5. I = {even numbers from 1 to 10} J = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

B. Direction: Determine if the following sets are finite or infinite set.

_______________ 1. Set of positive cases of COVID-19 in Pasig City
_______________ 2. Set of odd numbers
_______________ 3. Set of grade 7 students enrolled during the SY 2020-2021
_______________ 4. Set of cities in the Philippines infected by the COVID-19
_______________ 5. A = { 1, 2, 3, ...}
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING
Direction: Identify if the following sets are joint or disjoint sets. If the given sets
are a joint sets, write the common element/s in the box and none if these are a
disjoint sets.
Common Element/s
_______________ 1. A = {letters in the word ONLINE}
B = {M, O, D, U, L, E}
_______________ 2. C = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
D = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
_______________ 3. E = {1 , 2, 3, 4, 5}
F = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
_______________ 4. G = {letters in the word VIRUS}
H = {H, E, A, L, T, H}
_______________ 5. I = { P, H, O, N, E }
J = { C, O, M, P, U, T, E, R }

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF

Direction: Determine the number of subsets of the given sets. Use the formula 2n
(where n is the number of elements of the given set).

1. A = {G, L, O, V, E, S} _____________
2. B = {D, I, S, T, A, N, C, E} _____________
3. E = {3, 6, 9} _____________
4. Set of the letters of the word CORONA _____________
5. Set of even numbers from 1-8 _____________

WRAP-UP

Remember that…

Universal Set is the set with all objects or elements under consideration. It is
represented with a symbol U.
Equal Sets are two sets have exactly the same objects/elements.
Equivalent Sets are two sets having the same cardinality or with the same number
of elements.
Joint Sets are two sets that have at least one common object/element two.
Disjoint Sets are two sets having no common object/element.
Finite set is a set whose elements have first and last elements.
Infinite set is a set whose elements cannot be counted and there is no last
element.
Subset is a set whose elements are all members of another set. Set A is a subset of
set B, written as A ⊆ B, if and only if every element in A is also an element in
B. The number of subsets in a given set is 2 n, where n is the number of
elements in a set.
Set A is a proper subset of set B, written as A⊂B, if there is at least one element in
B not contained in A.

VALUING

Reflections: (Journal Writing)

In sets, we learned about finite containing elements that can be counted

and infinite containing elements that cannot be counted because it is never
ending. In this time of pandemic, have you counted your blessings? Reflect how
blessed you are despite the problems that we are facing and list all your finite and
infinite blessings that come into your life. Happy counting!

POSTTEST

Directions: Analyze the given questions. Write your answers on the space
provided.

Determine whether the given sets are equivalent sets or equal sets.
_____________ 1. D = {S, A, F, E} and P = {2, 4, 6, 8}
_____________ 2. E = {M, G, C, Q} and Q = {Q, C, G, M}

Determine whether the given sets are a joint sets or disjoint sets.
_____________ 3. T = {W, A, S, H} and W = {H, A, N, D, S}
_____________ 4. U = {mask, gloves, PPE} and Set of Frontliners in Pasig

Determine whether the given sets are a finite set or infinite set.
_____________ 5. Set of hospitals that treat COVID-19 patients
_____________ 6. Set of whole numbers
Find the number of subsets contained for each set using the formula 2n.
____________ 7. P = 
____________ 8. N= M, O, D, U, L, E
Determine whether the statement is True or False.
____________ 9. A is the set containing the letters of the word EAT. B is a set
containing the letters of the word HEALTHY. Set A is a PROPER SUBSET
of Set B.
____________ 10. C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and D = {1, 3, 5}, then C ⊆ D.

KEY TO CORRECTION

ACTIVITIES
A. PRACTICE
PRETEST
1. equivalent
1. True
2. equal 2. False
3. equal 3. True
4. equivalent 4. True
5. equal 5. True

1. finite POSTTEST
2. infinite A. 1. equivalent
3. finite 2. equal
4. finite 3. joint
5. infinite 4. disjoint
B. KEEP PRACTICING 5. finite
1. joint O, L, E 6. infinite
7. 1
2. disjoint none
8. 64
3. joint 1, 3, 5
9. True
4. disjoint none 10. False
5. joint P, O, E
C. TRY MORE
1. 64
2. 256
3. 8 References
4. 32
5. 16

Reference
Oronce, Orlando, and Marilen Mendoza. eMath 7. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.,
2015.