PRINCIPLE OF WIND POWER
common elevation such as sea level.
Wind
- is a free, clean, and inexhaustible
type of solar powered energy.
- originate from the uneven heating
in the atmosphere from the sun, the
irregularities from the earth’s
surface, and rotation of the earth.
- has been utilized to power wind-
surfing ships for almost all
centuries.
Wind Flow Pattern
- are modified through the land
terrain, environmental conditions and
buildings.
Wind Energy
- describes the task where the wind
is utilized to come up with
mechanical power or electricity.
- is a nondegraded renewable energy.
The materials required for the
manufacture of wind turbine elements:
 Nacelle
 Blades
 Multiplier
Wind Turbine
- convert the kinetic energy inside
wind turbine into mechanical power.
- is a device that transforms a part of
the kinetic energy of the wind (fluid
in motion) into available mechanical
energy on a transmission shaft and
then into electrical energy via a
generator.
Mechanical Power
- may be used for grinding grain or
pumping water or perhaps a
generator can convert this
mechanical power into electrical energy.
Determining the conditions of
the atmosphere.
 Solar Radiation
 Evaporation of water
 Cloud cover
 Surface Roughness
Meteorology
- The study of the interactions
between these effects is a complex
subject.
Isobar
- A line drawn through points of
equal pressure on a weather map.
- These pressures are connected to a
* The greater the pressure gradient, the
greater is the force on the air,
and the higher is the wind speed.
Coriolis Force
- is due to the earth’s rotation under
a moving particle of air.
Coriolis Effect
- As the earth rotates, winds and
currents move in a curved path.
Geostrophic Wind
- For straight or slightly curved
isobars this resultant wind.
Centrifugal Force
- When strongly curved isobars are
found, a centrifugal force must also be
considered.
Anticyclone
- an isobar around a high pressure
area which is rotating clockwise
(Northern Hemisphere).
- fp = fc − fg
Cyclone
- one isobar around a cyclone, which
is a low pressure area rotating
counterclockwise (Northern
Hemisphere).
- normally covers a major part of a
state or several states and has rather gentle
winds.
- It should not be confused with a
tornado, which covers a very small region
and has very destructive winds.
Pressure Gradient Force
- is balanced by the sum of the
Coriolis and centrifugal forces.
- fp = fc + fg
CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETERS
FOR WIND MACHINE
Rated power of the machine
- is the maximum power developed
by the rotor and is also the generator rating.
Cut-in speed
- Uc is the minimum wind speed at
which the machine starts rotating.
Rated speed
- UR is the minimum wind speed at
which the machine develops rated power.
This is the speed at which the blade
regulation become active.
Furling speed
- Uf is the maximum wind speed at
which the machine develops power. - The
machine is stopped beyond this speed.
Particular Horizontal-Axis
Propeller
- The most common secondary wind
turbine.
- having 2 or 3 blades mounted on
the top of a tower.
Betz Rules
- the value of the power coefficient
features a theoretic limit connected with
59.3 %.
Shortened-out Breeze Speed
- When this wind pace exceeds 20–25
m/s the particular wind generators are
commonly brought to be able to
standstill avoiding high mechanically
skillful loads within the turbine
components.