ASSIGNMENT-1

PRAHAR (JEE) BY : VINAY SIR

WAVE OPTICS

1. A narrow slit S transmitting light of wavelength ‘λ’ is placed at a distance d above a large plane mirror as shown. The
light coming directly from the slit and that coming after the reflection interfere at a screen S placed at a distance D
from the slit. At what distance from point O, the resultant intensity is maximum ? (there is a phase change of π by
reflection from the mirror)

2. In a Young’s double slit experiment, a parallel beam containing wavelength λ1 = 4000 Å and λ2 = 5600 Å is incident
at an angle  = 30° on a diaphragm having narrow slits at separation d = 2 mm. The screen is placed at a distance D
= 40 cm from the slits. A mica slab of thickness t = 5 mm is placed in front of one of the slits and whole of the
apparatus is submerged in water. If the central bright fringe is observed at C, determine

(i) The refractive index of the slab

(ii) The distance of first black line from C.
4
Both wavelengths are in air. Take μw = 3.

3. A point source S emitting light of wavelength 600 nm is placed at a very small height h above a flat reflecting surface
AB (see figure). The intensity of the reflected light is 36% of the incident intensity. Interference fringes are observed
on a screen placed parallel to the reflecting surface at a very large distance D from it.

(A) What is the shape of the interference fringes on the screen ?

(B) Calculate the ratio of the minimum to the maximum intensities in the interference fringes formed near the point
P (Shown in the figure).
(C) If the intensity at point P corresponds to a maximum, calculate the minimum distance through which the
reflecting surface AB should be shifted so that the intensity at P again becomes maximum.

4. In a YDSE, the two slits are covered with two thin transparent sheets and a monochromatic parallel beam of light is
75
incident at angle θ as shown in figure. If μ1 = 1.5, μ2 = 1.6, t1 = 6 μm, t2 = 5 μm, θ = 30°, d = 3 mm and D = 3 cm,
√
find the y-coordinate of central maxima in cm.
5. Consider the arrangement of four slits and the screen shown in figure. A monochromatic parallel beam is incident
normally on the slits and interference pattern is formed on the screen. Find the ratio of maximum to minimum intensity
on the screen (D >> d).

6. A monochromatic source of wavelength λ = 3300 nm is placed symmetrically from slits S1 and S2. If point P is the
position of central maxima on the screen, then choose the correct option(s).

(A) y0 = 2.37 mm (B) y0 = 6.67 mm

(C) l0 = 0, Intensity at O (D) Intensity at O is two times intensity due to single slit

Paragraph for Q. Nos. 7 and 8


A point source S emitting light of wavelength λ = 100 nm is placed a height h = above a flat reflecting surface AB. Due
3
to reflection of light, intensity of light decreases by a factor of 2. Interference pattern is observed on the screen which is
placed parallel to reflecting surface at a distance of D = 1 m as shown in figure. On the basis of above information answer
the following questions (Assuming intensity of light due to source S at any point on the screen is l0)

7. Intensity of light at a point P which is vertically above of the point source S as shown in figure is
l
(A) 0 (3 + 2) (B) l0 (3 + 2)
2
 l0
(C) (3 − 2) (D) l0 (3 − 2)
2

8. If r0 is the minimum distance of the bright fringe from point P, which is observed on the screen, then value of r0 is
6 3
(A) m (B) m
7 4
4 7
(C) m (D) m
3 3

Paragraph for Q. Nos. 9 and 10

1
Consider the shown arrangement in which a monochromatic point source of wavelength λ =   mm is placed
4
symmetrically from S1 and S2 at a distance of 70 cm on the principal axis of a equiconvex lens of radius of curvature R =
40 cm and refractive index μ = 2. Interference pattern is observed on the screen at a distance of 1 m from slits S1S2. On basis
of above information, now answer the following questions.

Distance S1S2 = d = 2 mm

9. Separation between 4th maxima on the either side of point O will be

 4 
(A)  m (B) 1 m
 3
 2 
(C)  m (D) 2√3 mm
 3

10. If N is the total number of maxima observed on the screen, then

(A) N = 9 (B) N = 8
(C) N = 19 (D) N = 15

11. Two monochromatic (λ = 550 nm) coherent sources of light S1, S2 are placed at a separation of 2.2 mm. A large screen
which is at a separation of 2.2 m from each sources (S1, S2) is placed there to observer interference phenomena. If l0
is the intensity of light on the screen due to single slit and Ip is the resultant intensity at point P on the screen then find
the value of Ip.

12. In problem number 11 find out the minimum separation between bright and dark fringe.
 ANSWER KEY

D
1. (y = )
4d
2. (μ = 1.6, 210 μm)
16
3. (A) SC = S’C, (B) , (C) 300 nm
1
4. (25 cm)
9
5. ( )
1
6. (0)
l 
7. ( lR =  0  (3 + 2) )
2
7
8. ( m)
3
2
9. ( y = m)
3
n
10. (  1)
d
11. ( l p = lmin = 4l0 )
D
12. ( () = )
d
 HINTS & SOLUTIONS

2𝜋 𝑦2𝑑
1. Phase difference = ( )+𝜋
𝜆 𝐷
For intensity to be maximum
2𝜋 𝑦2𝑑
𝜆
( 𝐷 )+ 𝜋 = 2𝑛𝜋
4𝜋𝑦𝑑
 =𝜋 (Considering 𝑛 = 1 )
𝜆𝐷
𝜆𝐷
 𝑦 = 4𝑑

2. Central bright fringes will be formed at 𝐶 if, 𝑆1 𝑃 is equal to path difference produce by mica sheet
𝐷𝑡(𝜇−1)
 𝑑sin⁡ 𝜙 = 𝑑
𝑑2
 2
= 𝐷𝑡(𝜇 − 1)
 𝜇 = 1.6
𝜆𝐷
and 𝑛1 = 2𝑑 = 210𝜇m

3. (a) 𝑆𝐶 = 𝑆 ′ 𝐶
Locus of points on screen such that 𝑆𝑋 − 𝑆𝑋 = constant, is a circle centered at 𝑃. So the shape of interference fringe
pattern will be circular.
(b) ⁡𝐼2 = 0.36𝐼1
𝐼1 25 𝑙 5
⇒ = ⇒√1=
𝐼2 9 𝐼2 3
(√𝐼1 +√𝐼2 ) 4
⇒ =1
(√𝐼1 −√𝐼2 )
2
𝐼max √𝐼1 +√𝐼2 16
⇒ 𝐼min
=( ) = 1
√𝐼1 −√𝐼2
(c) Since light wave suffer phase reversal after reflection from mirror. Condition to obtain maximum at 𝑃 is that, Path
difference = 𝑛𝜆.
or, 2ℎ = 𝑛𝜆
If two consecutive maxima are formed for
ℎ = ℎ1 = ℎ2 then
 2(ℎ2 − ℎ1 ) = 𝜆
 Distance through which screen is to be moved
𝜆
ℎ2 − ℎ1 = = 300 nm
2

4. Initial path lead for source 𝑠1 w.r.t. 𝑠2 is

𝑑sin⁡ 𝜃0 + (1.5 × 6 × 10−6 ) − (1.6 × 5 × 10−6 + 1 × 10−6 )
𝑑
⇒ Δ𝑥0 = 2 + 9 × 10−5 − 9 × 10−6 = 1.5 mm
Now at angular divergence 𝜃 path lead taken by 𝑠2 is Δ𝑥1 = 𝑑sin⁡ 𝜃 for central maxima 𝑑sin⁡ 𝜃 = Δ𝑥0
1.5
⇒ sin⁡ 𝜃 = 3
mm
∘
⇒ 𝜃 = 30
 𝑦0
∴ tan⁡ 𝜃 =
𝐷
1 75
⇒ 𝑦0 = 3
× 3
√ √
⇒ 𝑦0 = 25 cm

5. 𝐼1 = 4𝐼0
𝐼2 = 𝐼0
2
4𝐼
(√ 0 +1)
𝐼max 𝐼0 9
∴ Ratio, 𝐼min
= 2 =1
4𝐼
(√ 0 −1)
𝐼0

𝐷𝑡
6. 𝑌˙0 = 𝑑 (𝜇2 − 𝜇1 ) = 6.67 m
10
Δ𝑥0 = 𝑡(𝜇2 − 𝜇1 ) = × 10−5
6
Δ𝜙 = 𝜋 ⇒ 𝐼0 = 0

𝜆
7. Δ𝑥 = (2ℎ + )
2
2𝜆 2𝜋 𝜋
Δ𝜙 = 3
⋅ 𝜆
+ 𝜋 = 2𝜋 + 3
𝐼𝑅 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 2√𝐼1 𝐼2 cos⁡ 60∘
𝐼0 𝐼 1
= 𝐼0 + 2
+ (2)√𝐼0 20 × 2
3𝐼0 𝐼0 𝐼0 3
=( 2
) + = (1 + 2)
√2 √2 √
𝐼
𝐼𝑅 = ( 0 ) (3 + √2)
2

2𝜆 𝜆
8. cos⁡ 𝜃 =
3 2
3
⇒ cos⁡ 𝜃 =
4
√7
∴ 𝑟 = 𝐷tan⁡ 𝜃 = 3
m

𝑅
9. 𝑓= = 20 cm
2(𝜇−1)
4𝜆
𝑑sin⁡ 𝜃 = 4𝜆 ⇒ sin⁡ 𝜃 = ( 𝑑 )
1 𝜋
sin⁡ 𝜃 = ⇒ 𝜃 =
2 6
𝑦 = 𝐷tan⁡ 𝜃
1
=1×
√3
2
∴ Δ𝑦 = m
√3

10. 𝑑sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜆
𝑛𝜆
⇒ sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑑
𝑛𝜆
⇒ 𝑑
≤1

11, 12.
At point 𝑃
Δ𝑥 = 𝑑sin⁡ 𝜃
for point 𝑃
Δ𝑥 = (𝑑)sin⁡ 𝜃1
Δ𝑥 = (𝑑)tan⁡ 𝜃1 ⁡ (𝜃 → 0)
 2
𝑦 𝑑 (2.2)2 ×10−6
Δ𝑥 = (𝑑) 𝐷 = (𝑑) (2)𝐷 = (2)2.2
2𝜋
Δ𝜙 = Δ𝑥 … which comes out even multiple of 𝜋
𝜆
Hence, 𝐼𝑝 = 𝐼min ≃ 4𝐼0
𝜆𝐷
Fringe width (𝛽) = 𝑑

⁡
⁡
⁡
⁡
⁡

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