UNIDAD 4

PREVIO

Vocabulary Flashcards: Bad driving habits/ Tarjetas de vocabulario: malos hábitos de conducción

- Some bad drivers speed → Algunos malos conductores aceleran

- Some bad drivers tailgate → Algunos malos conductores “portón trasero”
- Some bad drivers talk on the pone → Algunos malos conductores hablan por teléfono
- Some bad drivers text while driving → Algunos malos conductores envían mensajes de
texto mientras conducen
- Some bad drivers weave through traffic → Algunos malos conductores se abren paso
entre el tráfico (es como hacer zigzag)
- Some bad drivers not stop at red lights → Algunos malos conductores no se detienen en
las luces rojas
- Some bad drivers not signal when turning → Algunos malos conductores no hacen señales
al girar
- Some bad drivers pass in a no-passing zone → Algunos malos conductores pasan en una
zona de prohibido adelantar

Vocabulary Flashcards: Car parts/ Tarjetas de vocabulario: partes de los carros

- Headlight: farolas/luces
- Engine: motor
- Hood: capó
- Windshield wiper: Limpiaparabrisas
- Windshield: parabrisas
- Sunroof: Techo corredizo
- Trunk: baul
- Taillight: luz trasera
- Turn signal light: luz para cruzar
- Bumper: parachoque
- Tire: neumático
- Side-view mirror: Espejo lateral
- Window: ventana
- Door: puerta
- Steering Wheel: volante
- Horn: bocina
- Dashboard: tablero
- Gas pedal: acelerador
- Brake pedal: freno
- Clutch: embrague
- Gearshift: palanca de cambios
- Rearview mirror: espejo retrovisor
- Emergency brake: freno de emergencia
 - Set belt: cinturón

PAST CONTINUOUS
El pasado continuo es para situaciones que estaban ocurriendo cuando otro evento ocurrió

Examples:

- The sun was shining, and the birds were singing

- My brother was riding his bicycle in the park
- He was waving hello to a friend and he didn´t see a Branch in the road
LO ROJO: pasado continuo
LO VERDE: pasado simple

GRAMÁTICA ORACIONES POSITIVAS → subject + form of be (WAS para I, YOU, HE, SHE) o (WERE
para WE, YOU, THEY) + present participle

EXM: I was wearing a bike

GRAMÁTICA ORACIONES POSITIVAS → subject + form of be (wasn´t para I, YOU, HE, SHE) o
(weren´t para WE, YOU, THEY) + present participle

EXM: I wasn´t wearing a bike

GRAMATIC: YES/NO QUESTIONS → Was/Were + Subject + Present participle

EXM: Was he going fast?

Were you wearing a bicycle?

GRAMATIC: PAST CONTINUOUS SHORT ANSWERS

Yes, he was

No, he wasn´t

GRAMATIC PAST CONTINUOUS INFORMATION QUESTIONS → Wh-word + was/were + subject +

present participle

EXM: Where was she going?

What were you looking at?

 THE PAST CONTINUOUS AND THE SIMPLE PAST
Ana phoned me at 7:30, I was practicing the guitar at 7.30

LO ROJO ES PASADO SIMPLE → Se refiere a acciones que terminaron en el pasado

LO VERDE ES PASADO CONTINUO → Se refiere a acciones que continuaron durante un
período de tiempo en el pasado

Ambas formas se pueden combinar en una misma oración, por ejemplo,

I was practicing the guitar when Ana phoned

While I was practicing the guitar, Ana phoned

OTROS EJEMPLOS:

1: I had an accident on the way home today.

2: Oh, no! How did it happen?

1: Well, I was going down Route 1B when my sister called me. I told her I was driving. But she
didn't want to wait. She had a funny story that she had to tell me right away. Anyway, by the end
of the story, I was laughing so hard that I couldn't see. And I drove right into a stop sign!

1: Honey, I have some bad news. I got into an accident on the way to work.

2: Oh, Robert! Are you OK?

1: I'm fine. No one was hurt.

2: What happened?

1: Well, I was driving on Route 15, and it was raining pretty hard. But all the cars were going pretty
fast anyway. Suddenly, the driver two cars ahead of me slowed down Then the car ahead of me
ran into him, and I then hit that car It was my own fault, really. I was driving too close to the car in
front of me.
 Vocabulary: PHRASAL VERBS FOR TALKING ABOUT CARS
- Turn on: encender
- Turno off: apagar
- Pick up: recogiendo
- Fill up: llenar
- Drop off: dejar (como dejar el carro que tomó rentado)

PLACEMENT OF DIRECT OBJECTS WITH PHRASAL VERBS (Verbos compuestos)

Los “phrasal verbs” o verbos compuestos son la suma de VERB + PARTICLE

Tenga en cuenta que el significado del “phrasal verb” es DIFERENTE del verbo solo

EXM: Pick up -→ Pick es el VERBO, UP es la “PARTICULA”

Por ejm:

- Pick → ELEGIR
- Pick up → RECOGER
- Turn →
- Turn up → ENCENDER

PARTICLES: Son pequeñas palabras → On, in, out, off, up

I´m picking up my new computer today → Recogiendo…. También se puede escribir I´m picking my
new computer up today

Direct object nouns → Sustantivos de objeto directo, actúan como pronombres

El objeto puede ir:

- Después del verbo → EJM: Turn on the lights

- Entre el verbo y la partícula → EJM: Turn the lights on

Los direct object nouns actúan como pronombres en las oraciones, por ejemplo:

A: Turn on the lights → PRENDE LAS LUCES

B: OK, I´ll turn them on → OK, YO LAS PRENDERÉ, NO se puede escribir I´ll turn on them, o
sea, EL PRONOMBRE SI O SI debe ir ENTRE EL VERBO y la PARTICULA

Otros ejemplos:
- This is an application form, Can you fill it in, please?
- If you need to know a Word, look it up in a dictionary
- Where´s my cell pone? I need to turn it off
MIRA LOS SIGUIENTES EJEMPLOS

Si te fijas, el pronombre (sea it, them) debe ir en medio del VERBO y la PARTICULA, pero NUNCA al
FINAL….

Por otra parte si se está nombrando el coso o la cosa (POR EJEMPLO: EL CARRO, LAS LUCES, LAS
LLAVES, ETC) esas SI pueden ir o en medio del VERBO Y LA PARTICULA o AL FINAL
Vocabulary: car types
A full size Sedan

A compact car

A convertible

A sports car

A station wagon
 A van

An SUV

A luxury car

Vocabulary: Driving behavior

- Honk their horns: tocar la bocina
- Stare at other drivers: mirar fijamente a otros conductores
- Gesture at other drivers: gesto a otros conductores
- Flash their lights at other drivers: encender sus luces a otros conductores
- Pay attention: prestar atención
- Observe the speed limit: respetar el límite de velocidad
- Maintain a safe following distance: mantener una distancia de seguimiento segura