Name: Kenneth Uriel D.

Manatad
Date:2/23/2022
Grade and Section: 8-Fleming

Activity 1.1

 The process of altering an organism's genetic makeup is known as genetic modification.

Controlled, or selective, breeding of plants and animals has been done inadvertently for thousands
of years.
 The advantages of GMO’s is they are noted for lowering food prices. Advanced crops and larger
yields undoubtedly imply lower expenses, which can be passed on to customers in the shape of
lower-cost food. This will be extremely beneficial to families that cannot afford to buy goods on a
regular basis. This also means that hunger will be avoided. And another advantage is They make
it possible to make more money. GMOs have become a very effective way for farmers to increase
their profitability by allowing them to spend less time managing their resources. It is also cost-
effective because these organisms are developed to be pest-resistant, minimizing the need for
pesticides, resulting in greater savings. Moving on to its disadvantage’s, Toxin production,
Genetically Modified Tomatoes GM food may also enhance the generation of toxins at levels that
are already dangerous to humans. Toxins created when the "Gene of Interest" is damaged during
the insertion procedure could cause this. Another reason is when the inserted gene is rejected by
the recipient organism because it disrupts its metabolic pathway. As a result, eating foods
containing toxins increases the risk of ingesting the toxin and being affected by it. And another
disadvantage is Nutritional value is reduced Ironically, some genetically engineered foods have
been observed to be nutritionally deficient. Because genetic engineering focuses on boosting crop
yield, extending lifetime, and preventing pests, the nutritional content of some crops can be
harmed.
 The effects of GMO’s towards farmers are Herbicide-tolerant GMO crops let farmers control
weeds without harming their crops. Farmers that employ herbicide-tolerant crops don't have to till
the soil to get rid of weeds, as they normally do. This no-till planting preserves soil health while
reducing fuel and labor consumption. GMOs aid farmers in reducing agriculture's environmental
effect and preserving land for future generations. GMOs have helped to cut pesticide usage by 8.1
percent and enhance crop yields by 22 percent during the last 20 years.
 Examples of GMO products that can be seen in grocery stores are:
1. Corn- corn is the most commonly grown crop in the United States, and most of it is
GMO. Most GMO corn is created to resist insect pests or tolerate herbicides.
2. Soybean- Most soy grown in the United States is GMO soy. Most GMO soy is used for
food for animals, predominantly poultry and livestock, and making soybean oil. It is also
used as ingredients (lecithin, emulsifiers, and proteins) in processed foods.
3. Cotton- GMO cotton was created to be resistant to bollworms and helped revive the
Alabama cotton industry. GMO cotton not only provides a reliable source of cotton for
the textile industry, it is also used to make cottonseed oil, which is used in packaged
foods and in many restaurants for frying. GMO cottonseed meal and hulls are also used in
food for animals.
4. Apple- A few varieties of GMO apples were developed to resist browning after being cut.
This helps cut down on food waste, as many consumers think brown apples are spoiled.
 5. Potato- Some GMO potatoes were developed to resist insect pests and disease. In
addition, some GMO potato varieties have been developed to resist bruising and
browning that can occur when potatoes are packaged, stored, and transported, or even cut
in your kitchen. While browning does not change the quality of the potato, it often leads
to food being unnecessarily thrown away because people mistakenly believe browned
food is spoiled.
Activity 1.2
1. Currently, the Philippines has no regulation imposing labeling on GM food products.
2. Impact on the Food Manufacturing Sector GM labeling will increase cost at the manufacturing
due to segregation and other attendant costs. To produce both GM-free and GMcontaining
products, a manufacturer will have to operate two separate production lines in order to ensure
non-commingling. In such a case, the manufacturer will have to incur additional costs in the
following aspects: 1) procurement of GM-free raw materials, 2) logistical support due to
segregation of production inputs and outputs, 3) separate production runs to ensure noncom
mingling; 4) compliance to governmental regulations and standards; 5) distribution and retailing;
6) human resources costs due to additional logistical and accounting support, and 7) insurance
costs or risk of civil suits.
3. Impact on the Consumers Mandatory GM labeling will result in additional food manufacturing
cost of as much as 12%. What is expected is that part of this additional cost will be passed on to
consumers in terms of higher price of the product. The average Filipino food expenditure is about
54 pattern of expenditure for food makes the Philippine market more price-sensitive than those in
developed countries. Filipino consumers may respond by limiting the volume of purchase of the
affected products or buying substitute food items especially when the price increase is significant
Activity 2.1
In my own opinion, Consumers will benefit from mandatory labeling since they will be better educated
and less confused when purchasing non-GMO and GMO items. It's also beneficial for the rest of the
world, which can benefit from a greater knowledge and application of genetic engineering technology,
which is already being created to help us combat issues like hunger, sickness, and climate change. The
mystery will be removed if mandatory labeling is implemented. The misunderstanding that has been
pervading the debate will fade away.