-: Expressway Projects :-

Road Signs, Pavement Marking & Delineation Solutions

With the inception of Bharatmala Pariyojna there has been a paradigm shift
from ‘package-based development’ to ‘corridor-based development’.
Corridor based development envision world-class level of service throughout
the identified corridor.

Road Signs and Pavement marking solutions play a crucial role in creating
the uniformity throughout the Corridors. There is asymmetry on the road
signs and pavement markings in the existing expressway corridors. This
difference is due to the different Concession Agreement, different type of
converter/manufacturer, some minor deviation in between IRC:67 &
IRC:SP:99 and different time period (updates, conflicts and modifications in
the highway manuals).

To Standardize the usage and implementation of the same a special circular

is issued by Ministry on 20.07.2023. This circular would be sent to all field
units for strict compliance; in the process of preparing a detailed project
report for improvement of a stretch of expressway, the provisions of this
circular would be complied with; the provision of signs and markings shall be
reviewed for existing expressways and the same shall be provided and/or
corrected as per this circular along with IRC:67-2013/2022, IRC:SP:99-
2013/2023 and IRC:35 with latest revisions.

The traffic signs and markings shall be uniform throughout the country and
no individual officer, in charge of any project / road section, shall change it or
modify it without referring the matter to NHAI Road Safety Cell.
In case, some of the sign requirements are neither covered in this circular or
IRC:67-2022 and marking requirement in IRC:35 latest revision nor in UN
Convention on Road Signs and Signals at Vienna, the matter would be
referred to the Ministry with suggestions and full justification and the new
signs and markings shall be adopted only after due approved from the NHAI
Road Safety Cell.
To make road signs and road furniture much more in line with the
international practices on highways, few new concepts are added here on
top of IRC 67 & IRC 35 and are as follows;

● Guideline on maintaining the uniformity in road sign design, placement,

mounting pattern and maintenance of road signs.
● For getting the desired preview distance of road marking in all weather
conditions, performance criteria of road marking in both
day/night/wet/rainy conditions to be maintained and the same is
included in the guideline
● Vehicle separation markings to be used to remind drivers to keep a
safe distance from the vehicle in front for high-speed corridors
● Road Studs/ Reflective Pavement markers spacing on all sections
including the traffic lane line application to enhance the safety.
 Detailed recommendations are as follows;
Notes:

1) All signs shall be designed as per IRC 67/IRC SP 99 Guidelines.

2) Fonts to be used:
a. Transport Medium for English
b. Hindi-7 or Nard Bold for Hindi
c. Raavi Bold for Punjabi

3) For Exit Direction Supplementary plates, first 2 letter stands for state
in which the package of expressway section is e.g. DL-Delhi, UP-
Uttar Pradesh, HR - Haryana, RJ - Rajasthan, PB – Punjab. HM-
Himachal, JK-Jammu Kashmir and so on ……………

4) Exit number (XX) has to be in consecutive order in each state eg. HR-
01, HR-02,

5) Distance between two consecutive signs shall not be less than 0.6 V,
where V is design speed.

6) Sign posts/Gantries shall be on GI post as per the specifications.

(Refer Cl. 7.1 of IRC 67-2012/ Cl 10.2.10 of IRC:SP:99-2013).

7) Foundation of Gantry shall be 7m to 9m away from carriageway edge

line if crash barrier is not present and 2.5m to 2m away if crash barrier
is present (Refer table 4.1 of IRC 67-2012).

8) Foundation of any Signage shall not be more than 150 mm above the
ground (To maintain camber difference, both lags of gantry will have
different length without any variation in height of foundation).
Foundation shall be painted with yellow/black paint.

9) For shoulder mounted signs, the minimum height of the lower edge of
sign should be kept as 2.5 m above the highest point of carriage way
(FRL). (Refer Cl, 4.4 of IRC 67)

10) Cantilever and Overhead Gantry shall be mounted at 6.0 m height or

more as per IRC SP 99 / Table 4.1 of IRC 67.
11) For Cantilever Mounted sign, the centre of the sign is typically located
over the carriageway edge line; however, the left edge of the sign shall
be positioned no further left than the left edge line of paved shoulder.
(nearly 6 m will be the size of board) as per Cl 10.2.9 of IRC SP 99
2013.

12) Frame support behind ACM shall be painted with minimum two coats
of Epoxy Paint (Refer Cl. 7.2 of IRC 67-2012).

13) ACM sheet shall be at least 4mm thickness (for board dimensions
exceeding 600 mm) (Refer Cl, 6.6 of IRC 67). Road signs in all the
Expressways shall be with retro reflective sheeting of Type XI grade as
per ASTM D 4956 manufactured as micro prismatic full cube corner
technology.

14) Route Marker Sign: At a distance 150 to 200 m from the junction
(interchange) and as specified as per Strategy.

15) Border shall be provided in all boards with required stroke width and
rounded corner.

16) Sign Board along cross road at interchanges shall be provide at 500m,
1 Km and at 2 Km in advance of the entry of Expressway. (Morth
Circular 20.07.2023/IRC SP 99/IRC 67)

17) 10 Years Warranty in terms of Clause 6.9 of IRC 67.

18) All signs shall be Digitally Printed.

19) Road Marking: Minimum Width of Road Marking shall be 200 mm.
Length and gap shall be as per IRC 35-2015 and IRC SP 99-2023.

20) Road Studs: Road studs (RPM) shall be provided as per Table 10.2
and Cl. 10.5 of IRC SP 99. Special care shall be taken to provide
Studs @ 18 m spacing at vertical grades and curves and adjoining
300 m portion on either side on vertical gradient 2%. Round Solar
Studs (360 Degree Visibility) shall be provided at Gore areas/
Curves/Loops/ Ramps to improve visibility in night time and wet weather
conditions.

A typical mounting pattern of Gantry and Cantilever sign are given below:
 Road Signs
1) For all the direction information signs, size of letters shall be as per table 12.1
of IRC 67-2022 and the sign design including the stroke width requirements
for local language shall be as per IRC 67-2022 guidelines.

Table 1 Information sign font size

● X= height (mm) lower case

Information sign font size

Design Speed Advance Direction Flag Type Direction Overhead Direction Location
(kmph) Signs (Shoulder Signs, Reassurance Signs including
Mounted) Signs, Place reassurance signs
Identification Signs
(Shoulder Mounted)
“x” height (mm) lower case
 31-50 100 140 80 110 210 290 Ramp
51-65 125 175 100 140
66-80 175 245 140 195
81 – 100 215 300 170 240 250 350 Main
101-120 305 425 245 345 330 460 Carriageway
121-150 340 475 270 380 380 530 & Ramp
The font heights shown are normal size to be used for respective design speeds. The
font size can be increased by another 20 percent from the normal font size for those
direction boards requiring special emphasis/attention.

Figure 1 Design of Stack type Direction sign with Hindi & local language font
with 9 s/w

The legend on all signboards shall be bilingual-regional/local language and

English except on those sign boards located at entry/exit points. For
Expressway and Urban Highways, the Entry/Exit shall have inscriptions in
regional/local language, Hindi and English. Bilingual repeater signs having
Local language and English, Hindi and English can be considered as option.
 2) For Cautionary, Mandatory and Facility information signs, the size, shape
and icons shall be as per IRC 67-2022

Table 2 Sizes of Cautionary, Mandatory and Facility information signs

Sign Shape Size (in mm) for Size (in mm) for Size (in mm) for
Speed between Speed between Speed above
81-100 kmph 101-120 kmph 120 kmph
STOP Octagonal 900 1200 1200
Give Way Sign
Triangle 900 1200 1200
Prohibitory Sign
Circle 900 1200 1500
No Parking and No
Stopping, No Standing Circle 900 1200 1500
Signs
Speed & Vehicle Control
Signs Circle 900 1200 1500

Cautionary Signs
Triangle 1200 1200 1500

Chevron Signs 500mm x 750mm x 750mm x

Rectangle
600mm 900mm 900mm
Facility Information Signs 900mm x 1200mm
Route Marker Sign 900mm x 1200mm

3) Placement and mounting pattern of the Direction signs for various types of
interchanges as detailed out in below table shall be provided. All advance
direction signs shall be mounted as Overhead signs to enhance the visibility
on these high-speed corridors. The size of the exit direction signs shall
be increased by 20 percentage for extra emphasis. The distance of these
signs from the datum point (Start of Deceleration Lane) is given in brackets.

Table 3 Direction Sign Requirements for Expressway Traffic

Road Scenario Gore area/ First Advance Second Third Fourth Fifth
Deceleration Lane

Category Diverging Direction Sign Advance Advance Advance Advance

Datum Point /

Point before Direction Direction Direction Direction

Start of

Diversion Sign before Sign Sign before Sign before

(-50-100 m) Diversion before Diversion Diversion
(@ 500 m) Diversion (@ 1.5 Km) (@ 2 Km)
(@ 1 Km)
 Diamond Gantry
Variable
Interchange Butterfly (Lane
Cantilever Cantilever message Sign Gantry
and Trumpet Cantilever dedicated)
(VMS)
Interchanges Direction Sign
4/6/8 lane
Expressway Gantry
Variable
Cloverleaf Butterfly (Lane
Gantry Cantilever message Sign Gantry
Interchange Cantilever dedicated)
(VMS)
Direction Sign

Table 3 Direction Sign Requirements for Cross Road Traffic

Road Scenario Gore area/ First Second Third Fourth Fifth
Category Diverging Advance Advance Advance Advance Advance
Point Direction Direction Sign Direction Direction Direction
Sign before before Sign before Sign before Sign before
Diversion Diversion Diversion Diversion Diversion
(-50-100 m) (@ 500 m) (@ 1 Km) (@ 1.5 Km) (@ 2 Km)

Shoulder
Flag Type Mounted Variable
Diamond
Direction Map Type Datum Point / Start of Deceleration Lane Cantilever Cantilever Message Gantry
Interchange
Sign Direction Sign
Sign

Shoulder Variable
Expressway
Trumpet Cantilever Mounted Message
/ National
Interchange Direction Map Type Cantilever Cantilever Sign Gantry
Highway
s Sign Direction
Crossroads
Sign

Gantry Variable
(Lane Message
Cloverleaf Butterfly
dedicated) Gantry Cantilever Sign Gantry
Interchange Cantilever
Direction
Sign

State
Shoulder
Highways/M
Flag Type Mounted Cantilever Gantry
ajor District For all
Direction Map Type Direction Direction
Road Interchange
Sign Direction Signs Signs
Crossroads
Sign
Figure 2 Direction Signs for Expressway Cloverleaf Interchange
 Figure 3 Direction Signs for Crossroads (Cloverleaf Interchange)

4) Reassurance Sign in overhead format To be provided after 150 to

200 m after interchanges/entries and repeated after 10 Km interval.
The spacing between 2 reassurance signs should not be greater than
 10 km in one direction. The font size used for the reassurance direction
signs when it mounted as overhead sign should be as per the overhead
signs’ font size requirements. (MoRTH Circular 20.07.2020/ IRC SP:99
The cantilever format may be also used at every 10 km interval starting
at 5th, 15th, 25th Km and so on.

(Spacing at 10km, 20km & 30km)

(spacing at 5Km, 15Km, 25Km & 35 Km)

Figure 4 Reassurance Sign Mounting Options and Designs

5) Where the distance to the next interchange is unusually long, Next Exit
supplemental signs shall be installed to inform road users of the next
interchange. The location shall be after 5 km of the reassurance gantry
sign.
 Figure 5 Next Exit Supplemental Signs

6) As per Clause 20.3 of IRC 67-2022, Vehicle Category wise and speed
wise lane dedication information signs are to be installed as overhead
signs in expressways. These signs shall be provided at an interval not
more than 10 km along with the road marking of speed limit directional
marking on each lane. 5th Km road marking, 10th Km gantry, 15th km
road marking, 20th km Gantry and so on…

Figure 6 Vehicle Category wise lane dedication information Signs and

Speed Limit Road Marking

7) “Heavy vehicles keep left” sign (2400x2400) as a shoulder mounted sign

should be provided in expressways 5km interval (Morth Circular 20.07.2023).
 Vehicle Category wise lane dedication information Signs (Shoulder Mounted)
shown right below to be installed at 10km interval.

a
Figure 7 Heavy vehicles keep left sign shown on left & Vehicle Category wise lane
dedication information sign shown on right

8) Vehicle separation markings to be used to remind drivers to keep a safe

distance from the vehicle in front for high-speed corridors. Chevron markings
are placed at intervals of minimum 50 m, ensuring that a safe distance is kept
between vehicles travelling for design speed 100kmph and more than 100
kmph as long as drivers keep a minimum of two chevrons apart. The marking
consists of series of chevrons, marked in all lanes at the same 50 m spacing,
as indicated in below Figure 1. They should be laid over a distance of
about 4 km, although this may be varied to between 3 km and 6 km.

Figure 13 Vehicle separation chevron marking and Road sign to supplement

the road marking

The distance between successive series of chevrons should generally be

between 40 km and 55 km. This need not be complied rigidly, as specific site
 criteria are of greater importance. The start of a series of markings should be
at least 1.6 km from the end of a previous entry slip road and should terminate
at least 3.2 km before the next slip road. Gradient steeper than 3% should
generally be avoided. An upright sign with “Keep Apart 2 Chevrons” shall be
used with the marking. A minimum of three such signs should normally be
used, spaced about 100 m, 1 km and 2 km after the start of the pattern. An
overhead sign with the legend “Check your distance” should normally be
provided and placed about 300 m before the commencement of the
markings, with a sign showing the alternative legend “Keep your distance”
placed about 300 m after the markings terminate. All signs should have the
font size as per the design speed.

9) Welcome to the highway sign in overhead gantry mounted structure shall be

provided at the start of the expressway and also to be provided wherever the
entry to the Expressway is provided. eg. Entry arm from Interchanges in other
packages / stretch. Similarly thanking sign shall be provided at the end of the
expressway and wherever the exit from the Expressway is provided. eg. Exit
arm from Interchanges in other packages / stretch other than first and last
packages. Font size to be selected as per the design speed requirement as
per IRC 67-2022. The font size for Welcome sign shall be increased at least
by 20 percentage or more and should cover complete carriageway/Board
frame.

10) Emergency Helpline numbers shall be posted at every 5 km interval. The

sizes of the signs shall be as per the font size requirements and with Type
XI retro reflective material
 Figure 8 Emergency helpline Number Sign

11) Vehicle Type Speed Limit Sign –The speed limit for various categories of
vehicles shall be notified through suitably designed vehicle type speed limit
signs as shown at regular interval of 5 km on alternate sides (Shoulder and
Median Side near to structure location so that maximum elevation would
occur.

Vehicle Type Speed Limit Sign with Camera enforcement icon shall be used
in stretches having speed enforcement systems in place. These signs shall
be preferably mounted near structural portions and in cantilever format
wherever possible. (1500x4200 mm or 4000x1600 mm) Morth guideline dt.
20.07.2023.

OR
12) Route marker signs shall be provided after all major intersections as
standalone signs with the following sizes for various categories of roads.
These signs shall also be repeated every 5 km.

900 mm x 1200 mm
Figure 10 Route marker sizes and pattern to be followed

13) Prominent tourism locations in the highway or near the highway should be
provided with Tourism related directional information signs It is advisable to
 digitally print the Tourism related Road signs to achieve best resolution and
clarity.

Figure 11 Tourism Related Signs - Boundary Signs, Tourism Direction Signs with
and Without photos

To break the monotony of the road and to promote appreciation by road-

users tourism related signs shall be placed with outstanding features of
landscape, natural, historical, or cultural values with minimum spacing of 5
km at straight sections and sign location is well separated from directional
sign sequence

14) On expressways to restrict the unauthorized parking in the highway,” No

Parking sign” should be placed at 2.5km interval in each direction. It shall
be placed parallel to the road.
 Font Size -140 mm for NO PARKING (Upper case Height) and 70 mm for
remaining words (Upper Case Height).
No Standing signs shall also be used alternately should be placed at
2.5km interval in each direction.

15) “No Stopping” to be provided as shoulder mounted Sign on Merging and

Diverging Locations, on the interchanges, and Structural Portions, Size
of Regulatory Signs – 1200 mm, Font Size -140 mm (Upper Case)
16) Prohibitory Vehicle sign as a Cantilever Sign to be provided near all entry
points and repeated every 5 km with Size of Regulatory Signs – 1200 mm.

17) The sign supports shall be provided on the earthen shoulder and in the
central median. Placement of foundation and supporting structures shall be
sufficiently away from the paved surface. Overhead gantry and cantilever
support within the clear zone shall be shielded by a safety barrier system.

18) Overhead guide signs may be, where practicable, mounted on overpass
structures above the expressway to minimize the number of potentially
hazardous roadside structures. Special designs for the signboard and/or
its mounting may be required where an overpass structure is skewed in plan
to the line of the Expressway.

19) On exit ramps, guide signs shall be located over the relevant lanes. Where a
number of signs are erected on gantry, the outer edges of signs shall not
extend beyond the outer edges of paved shoulders.

20) To evaluate the performance of signage a maintenance schedule needs to

be prepared. Shape and position of the road signs should be checked daily
with Visual with video/image backup. Performance of all the signs should be
evaluated with retro reflectometer at an interval of 6 months. Recording
format for retro reflectivity as in IRC 67-2022 Annexure VIII shall be used.
For testing of overhead mounted signs, the necessary arrangements in the
form of cranes with all safety measures (including safety harness, blocking
of lanes) shall be ensured. All signs should be replaced either at the end
of warranty period of the retroreflective sheeting used on the sign or if
the reflectivity of the sheet goes below 80 percent of the initial
reflectivity given in Table 6.3 to 6.9 or as per Clause 6.8 in case of digital
printed signs.

21) Details regarding the installation and maintenance of road sign to be given
as per IRC 67-2022. Sign post shall be given with 3-4 bands of retro reflective
strips to enhance the safety and shall be provided as per IRC 67-2022
22) Expressway and End of Expressway Symbol (900x900)

To be provided as shoulder mounted sign at the end of the entry and exit ramps

23) Entry Ramp Sign and Exit Ramps Sign for Expressway

To be provided as shoulder mounted sign near start of entry and exit ramps

24) Overhead Cable Ahead Sign

To be provided 200 m in advance of all High Tension (HT) lines across the project road.
Dimension – 1200 mm Sided Triangle
25) Speed Limit Sign

To be provided for all exit and entry ramps and loops.

Dimension – 600 mm Circle

26) Traffic Merging from Left Sign

To be provided on main carriageway near all merging locations.

Dimension – 1200 mm Sided Triangle

27) Pedestrian Crossing Sign

Pedestrian Crossing Sign board (Dimension: 1200mm) will be provided at every roundabout/rotary
(shall be provided at all intersecting roads where pedestrian crossing will be present below the
expressway).

28) Rumble Strip Signs

Rumble Strip ahead sign boards (Dimension: 1200mm) should be provided at approaching to Main
Fee Plaza/Ramp Plaza/WSA/Rest Area shown below and 4 sets of Rumble strip should be provided
and each Ramp Plazas/approaches to interchange (below expressway also).

29) Chevron Signs

 To be provided for all curves as per radius given in Table 15.2 of IRC 67.
Dimension – 750- mm x 900 mm for Main Carriageway and 500 x 600 mm for entry and exit
Ramps.

30) Way side amenities-

Rest and Service Area Sign (4100x3000)

To be provided for all rest and service area 500 m, 1km, 2Km and 5 km in
advance as Overhead Cantilever Signs.
Font size 300 mm, Facility sign height 16 s/w ie 1200 mm.
Flag Type Direction sign to be provided at the facility.

To provide the motorist with information on the location of succeeding rest

areas, a sign with the word message NEXT REST AREA XX km may be
installed independently or as a supplemental panel mounted below one of
the advance rest area guide signs. Rest area signs (overhead) shall be
provided at 5 km, 2 km, 1 km and 500 m ahead of rest area.
 Other

31) Kilometer Stone and 5th Kilometer Stone

To be provided as on top of Crash barrier with a clearance of 300 mm

Font Size – 60 mm for Upper Case Letter and Numerals
Shall be repeated alternately in English and Local Language

32) Hectometer Marker

Option- 1 To be provided as on top of Crash barrier with a clearance of 300 mm

Size- 24mm x 180mm, Kilometer to be given with font size 96mm. (Ref- MoRTH
Expressway Manual)

To be provided as on top of Crash barrier with a clearance of 300 mm.

Size- 400mm x 180mm, Kilometer to be given n 120mm height & 100m is
marked with font size 96mm. (Ref- MoRTH Expressway Manual)

33) Weigh Bridge Ahead Sign

To be provided near all toll plaza as Shoulder mounted or overhead Cantilever
mounted signs.
Font Size – Upper Case 280 mm and Lower Case 200 mm. Arrow height is
800mm. The truck symbol shall be 16 s/w high and shall be placed 2 ½ s/w from
the imaginary tile and from top and left border.

34) Emergency Calling Box Facility Information Sign

To be provided as Shoulder mounted 200 m before all Emergency Calling Box Facilities
Size – 900 mm x 1200 mm (Morth Circular 20.07.2023)
SOS write up height- 200mm,200m height-150mm

35) Fuelling Station Facility Information Sign

To be provided as Shoulder mounted sign 10 Km before all Fuelling Stations

Size – 900 mm x 1200 mm
10km font height 160mm
 36) Police Station Jurisdiction Sign

To be provided as Shoulder mounted sign at the start of all police station limits.
Font Size – Upper Case 280 mm and Lower Case 200 mm. Telephone icon tile size shall be 500mm x
500mm

Toll Plaza
a. Toll Gate ahead signs overhead type to be given at 2km, 1km and 500m ahead of
the toll gate.
b. User fee information to be displayed in pictogram, in English & in local language.
Toll rate also to be displayed in the toll booth with sticker type retro reflective
sheeting.
c. Statutory Information signs like User Fee Concession Information Board, Exempted
Dignitaries Board and Exempted Vehicles Board to be given both in English and
Local Language. On Main Carriageway different languages shall be given in
separate board.
d. Appropriate Signs and Signals shall also be provided on the canopy of toll plaza to
properly guide the approaching vehicles about the lane in operation, lane applicable
to specific category of vehicle, lane with Electronic Toll System, reversible lane along
with FASTag logo.
e. Mandatory signs like STOP sign shall be provided before all toll booth boom barriers
and compulsory direction sign to be given along with the Object hazard markers to
channelize the traffic. Toll plaza bull nose to be provided with hazard marking sheets
to make it conspicuous. A “Maintain Distance of 5 m” sign board shall also be
provided for unhindered reading of tag by the scanner.
f. Road Marking and Road Studs to be provided in the toll plaza area as per IRC SP
99 and IRC 35.
g. VMS to be provided well in advance to the toll gate to inform the road user about the
congestion level, toll rate, live accident data and traffic management if any etc.
Road Marking

i. Road markings perform an important function of guiding and controlling traffic on a

carriageway. The markings serve as a psychological barrier and thus help to signify
the delineation of traffic path and its lateral clearance from traffic hazard facilitating
safe movement. The markings shall be such that these are visible under all
circumstances at day and night, wet and rainy conditions; must have good contrast
with the road surface; must be durable; and must not be so thick that these become
a hazard in themselves. All road markings shall conform to IRC:35 latest revision.
ii. Width of marking, length and gap of marking for normal, warning and overtaking
prohibited sections and road marking patterns shall be based on the guidelines
given in IRC :35 latest revision
iii. Colour of longitudinal road marking shall be white on both bitumen and concrete
surface. Yellow marking shall be used at locations where there is restriction for
parking. IRC 35 shall be considered as the parent document for guidelines related
to road marking.
iv. The following materials shall be followed for carriageway marking i) Hot applied
thermoplastic paint with glass beads, Solvent borne, and water borne road marking
paints, cold applied plastics, and preformed adhesive tapes as permanent markings
or as temporary markings.
v. All the pavement marking shall meet the following performance criteria on daytime
visibility, Dry Retro-reflectivity during night-time, Wet Reflectivity during night-time,
reflectivity during rain and Skid Resistance values. Any marking which is not
meeting the below standards, shall be rectified within the timelines mentioned in
IRC 35 for Category 1 and Category 2 defects. Testing methods, warranty and
product specification shall be as per latest IRC 35.
Table 1 Road Marking performance Criteria

Performance Frequency of Criteria

Parameter measurement &
testing method
Bi-annually, testing <70% of marking remaining
Visual assessment
Wear as
per Annexure-F of
IRC:35-2015
Monthly, testing as During expected service life:
Day Time per Annexure-D of Cement Road - 130 mcd/m2/lux
Visibility IRC:35-2015 Asphalt Road - 100mcd/m2/lux
Night-Time Bi-annually, testing Design (RL) Retro-reflectivity
Visibility using portable Speed (mcd/m2/lx)
(Retro- vehicle mount or Up to 65 200 80
reflectivity – handheld 65 – 100 250 120
Dry Condition) reflectometer as per Above 100 350 150
 Annexure-E of
IRC:35-2015

Bi-annually, testing (Rw) Retro-Reflectivity (mcd/m2/lux)

Night-Time using portable Initial (7 days) Minimum Threshold Level)
Visibility vehicle mount or
(Retro- handheld 100 50
reflectivity – reflectometer as per
Wet Condition) Annexure-E of
IRC:35-2015
Night-time Bi-annually, testing (Rw) Retro-Reflectivity (mcd/m2/lux)
Visibility using portable Initial (7 days) Minimum Threshold Level)
(Retro- handheld
reflectivity – reflectometer as per 75 25
Wet EN 1436
Continuous)
Skid Resistance (BPN)
Initial (7 days) Minimum Threshold Level)
55 45
Skid Resistance *Note: shall be considered under urban/city traffic condition
encompassing the locations like pedestrian crossings, bus
bay, bus stop, cycle track, intersection, delineation, transverse
bar markings etc.

Road Studs and Solar Studs

i. Reflective Pavement Markers (RPM)/ Road Studs shall be provided to
improve the visibility of the road alignment in night-time and wet-weather
conditions. The RPM on shoulder edge line shall be Red in colour, on median
edge line shall be Amber colour and that provided on the traffic lane shall be
white in colour. Spacing of road studs should be as per the table… given
below
ii. For Highways Category A studs shall be used because of the higher CIL
values of Category A studs. All material and other properties of road studs
shall be as defined in MoRTH Specifications for Road and Bridge Works
(Fifth Revision) and IRC 35.
iii. Solar Powered Road Markers (preferably Round) are more effective and
draw attention of drivers and shall be provided at locations like All
Major/ Minor Bridge, ROB and all structures (Interchange/Flyover/ VUP).
It is also recommended to use at locations like approach to road crash prone
locations and highly hazardous locations like bridge, toll plaza, sharp curves,
pedestrian crossing, lane transition, speed humps, junctions, channelizers,
construction sites, railroad crossings, accident prone locations, median
opening and lane changing where performance of normal road studs are not
that effective due to street lightings and other roadside activities
Table 2 Spacing of Road Studs and Solar Studs
IRC:SP:99-2013
IRC:SP:99-2023:
On approaches to any hazardous situation and exit ramps, two arrays of road studs
shall be provided at 0.5 m gap across the carriageway and the two arrays of road
studs shall be placed at 0.5 m apart
A line diagram of the typical signage plan for the expressway is given below. Also,
a typical direction sign plan for a full cloverleaf interchange and diamond
interchange are given below that.
MBCB Post highlighting- every post with white retroreflective tape.-
The crash barriers should have desirably a horizontal clearance of 2.5m from the
travelled path of the vehicles. However, if due to site constraints, if this space may
not be available at any of the locations, a minimum horizontal clearance of 0.6m
should be maintained while making the crash barriers highly conspicuous by
affixing retro reflective tapes of 100mm X 100mm (high intensity grade) at 2m centre
to centre at top and bottom of the thrie beam rail in a staggered manner.

Diagonal & Chevron Markings

Channelizing markings like diagonal and chevron markings are utilized to
demarcate the neutral area at the nose of a channelizing island which can help in
reducing the incidence of collision with kerb nose. They direct the entering and
exiting traffic into the proper angle for smooth movements of divergence and
convergence. These markings provide for proper and safe use of acceleration and
deceleration lanes. The basic function is to inform the driver about the area / lane(s)
which is set aside for the exclusive use of traffic on the main highway and thus
enable the driver to adequately distinguish between through traffic lanes and the
acceleration and deceleration lanes.
The diagonal markings shall be marked where one of the traffic flows on either side
of the marking is in opposite direction. The diagonal and chevron markings are
generally placed at locations where traffic is expected to change position either to
diverge or converge.
Spacing between Diagonal & Chevrons: The spacing between chevrons and
diagonals depends on the total length of chevron provided at a given location. Table
below presents the spacing of Diagonal and Chevron depending on the total length
of markings and the same is depicted in Figure below.
Spacing Between Diagonals/Chevrons
Spacing of Diagonal/Chevrons (in m)
Total Length of
Chevron Chevron
Diagonals/Chevron
Diagonal Markings Markings
Marking (in m)
Markings (Diverging (Merging
Situations) Situations)
< 10 2 2 2
10m to 22 4 4 4
>22 6 6 6
Note:
• All lengths and spacing in the table are measured parallel to road centre lane
 • Width of all diagonals/chevrons measured at right angles to the diagonals or
chevrons is 600 mm.
The total length of diagonal and chevron markings depends on the lateral shift
undertaken by a vehicle in motion. Also, the total length of longitudinal chevron and
diagonal marking varies with site conditions and the length should be such that to
accommodate at least two or three chevrons or diagonals.
The chevrons must always point towards approaching traffic and chevron should
be reversed when traffic is merging. The gap between chevron and boundary line
shall be 100 mm to facilitate drain of surface run off.
Arrow marking for Interchanges – as per IRC 35- with dimensions
Directional arrows as per IRC 35-2015 should be used in advance to guide drivers
to correct lane when approaching an intersection or interchange.
For speeds up to 50 kmph, the arrows should be 3.5m in length and it shall be 5m for
speed 51 to 100 kmph, and 9 m for speed greater than 100 kmph including expressway
as given in Table below:
Size of Arrows
Speed Length of Arrows
Up to 50 kmph 3.5m
51 -100 kmph 5m
>100 kmph & Expressways 9m
On approaches to major intersection on a multi-lane highway having more than two lanes
involving changing of lanes where traffic have to enter filter lane or auxiliary lane, the
position of arrows shall be as given Table below an shown in Figure below.

Position of Arrow in main highway

d1 d2 d3 d4 d5
Approach Speed SSD ISD
Upton 50 kmph 60 120 15 15 30 60
51 -65 kmph 90 180 15 15 45 90
66- 80 kmph 120 240 30 30 60 120
81 to 100 kmph 180 360 30 45 90 180
>100kmph &
240 480 30 60 90 150 150
Expressways

The arrow shall not be used between two longitudinal markings (LM) where full lane width
for the particular road is available.

Median opening section – To prohibit U turn at median opening section, straight

directional arrows shall be used on all lanes near the emergency median openings
Line Diagram showing Typical Signs on the Project Corridor