RURAL ACCESS AND AGRICULTURAL MARKETING

PROJECT (RAAMP)

A Paper Presentation
on
REVIEW OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND STANDARD
PROCUREMENT DOCUMENTS (SPD)
by

ENGR. SAIDU HASSAN FNSE, FNIHTE

Date: 21st March, 2023 Venue: Watercress Hotels & Events,

48 Oritshe Street, off Balogun Street,
Allen, Ikeja, Lagos State.
 LAYOUT OF PRESENTATION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 REVIEW OF ENGINEERING DRAWINGS AND REPORT

3.0 BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF AN ENGINEERING REPORT

4.0 AN OVERVIEW OF BEME

5.0 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR RURAL ROADS DESIGN

6.0 BIDDING DOCUMENT PROCEDURES (SPD)

7.0 CONDITION OF CONTRACT AND CONTRACT FORMS

8.0 WORKS REQUIREMENT UNDER SPD

1.0 INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS ENGINEERING DESIGN REVIEW?

The Review of Engineering Design is a milestone within the development of the Project whereby a
Design Documents are evaluated against its requirement in order to verify the outcomes of previous
activities and identify issues before committing to and if need be, to re-priotize further works.
 
For example, Engineering Design is subjected to checks by providing a check list which is in
consonant with its Terms of Reference (TOR), RAAMP Design Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Standards and Norms as embedded in the Low Volume Road Manuals.
 
 

WHY SHOULD INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERS REVIEW ENGINEERING DESIGNS?

1.To breech the gap between the actual situation at the Site and Design Documents submitted by the Consultant.
2.To avoid ambiguity between Engineering Design Drawings, Report and BEME submitted by the Consultants.
3.To provide clarity around assumptions made, if any.
4.To solicit more guidance from subject matter experts.
5.It helps in screening the process and the documents for final submission and award.

Review of Engineering Design is a way to get a feedback at certain stages of the design process. The main aims of
a review are usually to understand the problem areas, discuss the current solution, identify any issues or areas of
improvement, potentially scope development of work and gather feedback.
WHEN SHOULD REVIEW OF ENGINEERING DESIGN START?

Review of Engineering Design begins during data capturing.

For an efficient review of an Engineering Design, the Infrastructure Engineer is expected to be on Site during the Data
capturing exercises. This will give the Infrastructure Engineer a better picture of the current Site situation in relation to the
Engineering Design that will be submitted by the Design Engineer/Consultant.

1. Traffic survey:

• To decide on appropriate location for the traffic count, etc.

2. Topographic survey:
• To ensure the use of proper survey equipment for the data capture .
• To ensure that adequate number of points are picked along the alignment to be certain of accuracy.
• To ensure proper establishment of controls (benchmark).
• To ensure that the proper alignment is being traversed.
 3. Geotechnical survey:

• To ensure that samples are collected at intervals meeting the requirements of the ToR.

• To ensure adherence to the proper procedures of preserving the moisture contents of the
samples collected, etc.

It is expedient to mention that for interventions like Spot Improvement, where decisions on the remedial measures to

be applied are taken on Site, it is necessary for the Infrastructure Engineer to be at Site during data capturing to

deliberate with the Consultant on the most efficient remedial measures.

Post Engineering Design Review begins when the Design Engineer/Consultant has submitted the Engineering Drawings

and BEME.

This involves a visit to the Site with the Engineering Drawings to ensure;

1. The proper placement of the Culverts at the lowest points along the alignment.

2. That the Culverts are not discharged into Residential buildings.

3. All RAP and Safeguard issues are addressed.

4. That adjoining streets, schools and monuments are captured for proper decision-making during the review of the Final

proposed level (Cut and Fill area) of the road.

Further review of the Engineering Design is being done in the office using the requirements stated in the ToR and Standard

Documents (RAAMP Design Standards, Technical Specifications and Technical Standard Norms, LVR Manual, LVR

Specifications, LVR Maintenance Manual).

 1.1 Understanding the Scope of Services (ToR) and Standard Documents

Table 1.0: Definition, classification and ownership of roads in Nigeria

Road Function Classification Ownership
Class

A Roads that link provincial capitals, main centres of population and Trunk Federal
nationally important centres. Major function is to provide mobility. Government

B Roads linking provincially important centres to each other or to a higher Primary State
class road (urban/rural centres). Linkage between districts, local centres of Government
population and development areas with higher class road. Function is to
provide both mobility and access
C Roads linking locally important centres to each other, to a more important Secondary Local
centre, or to a higher class road (rural/market centres) and linkage between Government
locally important traffic generators and their rural hinterland.
Function is to provide both mobility and access.
D Any road linking to minor centres (market/local centres) and all other Minor Local
trafficable roads. Major function is to provide access to lands adjacent to Government
the secondary road system.
1.1 Understanding the Scope of Services (ToR) and Standard Documents

1.2 RAAMP Design Standards:

Rural Road & Bridge Design Standards
RAAMP will follow design standards recommended by the Low Volume Roads Manual (LVRM)
developed under RAMP-2. Where LVRM standards are unavailable, separate standards are proposed.

1. Carriageway, Shoulder & Roadway Widths

Road Class Design Traffic Flow Surface Type Width (m)

(AADT) (Mid-life) Carriageway Shoulders Roadway

D4 150-300 Paved/ Unpaved 6.0-7.0 As required Carriageway+2xShoulder

D3 75-150 Paved/ Unpaved 5.5-6.0 As required Carriageway+2xShoulder

D2 25-75 Paved / Unpaved 4.5-5.5 As required Carriageway+2xShoulder

D1 <25 Paved/ Unpaved 3.0-4.5 As required Carriageway+2xShoulder

1.2 RAAMP Design Standards cont’d:

2. Right of Way
Slope dimensions for cross-sections (ratios are vertical: horizontal)
Material Height of slope Side Slope
(m) Cut Safety
Back Slope
Fill Classification

Earth 0.0-1.0 1:4 1:4 1:3 Recoverable

1.0-2.0 1:3 1:3 1:2 Not Recoverable

>2.0 1:2 [a] 1:2 [a] 1:1.5 Critical

Rock Any Height Dependent on costs Critical
Expansive 0-2.0 n/a 1:6 - Recoverable
clays >2.0 n/a 1:4 -

3. Gradient (%)

Maximum
10%
Exceptional (roads with large numbers of heavy trucks)
7%
1.2 RAAMP Design Standards cont’d:

4. Camber or Crossfall (%) on straight road sections

Type of Pavement Surface Shoulder Lateral Drainage
Subbase Subgrade
Portland Cement Concrete 2% - 3% 4%-6% 3%-4% 4%-5%
Asphalt Concrete 2.5% - 4%-6% 3%-4% 4%-5%
3.5%
Bituminous surface treatment 3% - 4% 4%-6% 3%-4% 4%-5%

Gravel/water bound macadam 4% - 6% 6%-9% 3%-4% 4%-5%

Earthen [a] 5% - 7% 6%-9% 3%-4% 4%-5%

5. Surfacing Options
Type of Pavement Surface Service Life (Years)
Single Surface Dressing 5-7
Double Surface Dressing 8-10
Cold Mix Asphalt 8-10
Single Otta Seal 8-10
Double Otta Seal 15-18
Thin Asphalt < 30 mm 8-10
1.2 RAAMP Design Standards cont’d:

6. Corridor of Impact or COI As specified in as per the provision of the Environmental and
Social Management Framework
Design Speed 60km per hour
Stopping Sight Distance (m) 85m
Lateral Clearance (m) 0.5m – 1.2m
Vertical Clearance (m) 5.55m (Inclusive of 150mm of future overlay)
Radius of Horizontal Curves (m) 123m
Hairpin bends Not encouraged because of safety reason.
Extra Widening (m) 0.5m to 1.2m
Passing zone/Bus lay Byes As required
Traffic Signs and Road Safety Nigeria Highway Manual Part 1: Design Volume VI: Signs and
Markings and Nigeria Highway Code.
Minimum gradient (Drainage) 0.3%
Limiting k value for crest curve 11
Limiting k value for sag curve 18
Minimum passing sight distance 410m
Maximum super elevation 6%
1.2 RAAMP Design Standards cont’d:

Agro-Logistics Centers Planning & Design Standards

a. Market Shed/Area Standards
Type Market Shed/ Buildin Building Plinth Level from the Clear Building Type of
Area g Construction Top of Internal Road Height Frame Roof
Typolog Classification (m) (m) Structure
y
Market Management Group G Type 2 0.45 3.0 RCC Rigid Flat
Office Frame
Processing/ Wholesale Group I Type 2 0.45 3.0 RCC Rigid Flat
Frame
Small Storage Lock up Group G Type 2 0.45 3.0 RCC Rigid Flat
Units Frame
Open Shared Market Group G Type 2 0.45 3.0 Truss Double
Shed Slope
Open Raised Platform Group G Type 2 0.45 N/A N/A N/A

Toilets N/A Type 2 0.45 2.1 RCC Rigid Flat

Frame
Utility Shed N/A Type 2 0.45 3.6~4.5 RCC Rigid Flat
Frame
1.2 RAAMP Design Standards cont’d:

b. Market Roads Standards

Type of Road Minimum Surfacing Option Level of Road Top from
Width (m) Internal Drainage Top (m)
Walkway 1.2 Cement Concrete casting 0.3
Internal Road 2.5 Cement Concrete casting 0.15
External Road 3.05 Reinforced Cement Concrete / 0.15
Bituminous
Loading Bay N/A Pavement Block (M-35, Thickness 0.15
60mm)
Parking Area N/A Pavement Block (M-35, Thickness 0.15
60mm)

c. Market Drainage System

Type of Drainage System Minimum Width Minimum Depth Gradient/ Slope
(m) (m)
Internal Drainage System As per standard As per standard As per standard

External Drainage System As per standard As per standard As per standard

1.2 RAAMP Design Standards cont’d:

d. Market Utility Facilities Requirements

Type of Utility Facility Capacity

Electricity for processing unit, storage facilities, As per market demand

internal usage etc.

Water Consumption for processing unit, storage Pump Capacity: As per market demand
facilities, internal usage, firefighting etc.
Water Storage Capacity: As per market demand

Internal firefighting arrangement As per market demand

1.2 RAAMP Design Standards cont’d:
ROAD DESIGN PLATES
ROAD DESIGN PLATES
DRAINAGE CATALOGUE
2.0 REVIEW OF ENGINEERING DRAWINGS AND REPORT

WHAT DOCUMENTS MAKE UP ENGINEERING DESIGN DOCUMENT FOR REVIEW?

The documents that make up Engineering Design Documents for review are those deliverables to be submitted
by the Consultant:

1. Inception Report:

2. Preliminary Engineering Report:

• Preliminary Engineering Drawings
• Preliminary Engineering BEME (Unpriced)

3. Draft Final Engineering Report

• Draft Final Engineering Drawings
• Draft Final Engineering BEME (Unpriced & Priced)
• Draft Tender Documents

4. Final Engineering Report

• Draft Final Engineering Drawings
• Draft Final Engineering BEME (Unpriced & Priced)
• Draft Tender Documents
2.1 Review of Engineering Drawings and Report

To review Engineering Drawings with flawless precision, one needs to be well versed in the
terminologies and diagrammatic representations as regards highway engineering which
includes but not limited to;
1. Plan View: A drawing depicting a portion of the road project from the horizontal
alignment.
2. Profile View: is a cut view typically along the centerline of the work. It presents the

vertical alignment of features such as:

• Existing Ground Level: This is the level of the surface of the ground as defined in a field
survey and authorized by a qualified surveyor.
• Proposed or Final Road Design Level: This is the post Asphalt or Rigid Pavement level.
 Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

Typical Plan and Profile view 1

The arrow is a red card given to the Design Engineer

for giving a design below the required Minimum
Gradient of 0.3% as specified in Table 6
 Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

Typical Plan and Profile view 2

The arrow is a red card given to the Design Engineer

for giving a design below the required Minimum
Radius of 124m as specified in Table 6

The arrow is a red card given to the Design Engineer

for giving a design below the required Minimum
Gradient of 0.3% as specified in Table 6
 Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

Typical Plan and Profile view 3

 Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

Typical Plan and Profile view 4

The arrow is a red card given to the Design Engineer

for giving a design below the required Minimum
Gradient of 0.3% as specified in Table 6
 Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

A Typical Road Section

The arrow is a red card given to the Design Engineer for The arrow is a red card given to the Design Engineer
proposing the use of a crushed stone as base course instead for proposing an asphalt thickness of 40mm against
of lateritic base course as specified in Design Type D2-2 the Standard of <30mm as specified in Table 5

The arrow is a red card given to the Design Engineer for

proposing the use of a crushed stone as base course instead The arrow is a red card given to the Design Engineer
of lateritic base course as specified in Design Type D2-2 for proposing an asphalt thickness of 40mm against
the Standard of <30mm as specified in Table 5
Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

3. Cross Sections: These are views of the slopes perpendicular to the direction of the road. They
display a vertical section of the ground or structure at right angles to the centerline or baseline of
the roadway. Depending on the length and topographic complexity of the road, there can be
hundreds of cross-sections. Each cross-section is referenced back to a station. For example, the
cross-section shown below depicts the fill at CH1+050.
 Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d
4. Invert level: The invert level is the base interior level of a pipe, trench or tunnel; it can be considered the “floor”
level, the invert is an important datum for determining the functioning or flow line of a piping system. Invert levels do
not only apply to sewer piping systems. All infrastructure responsible for transporting fluids without the aid of
external pressure relies on the inverts of their inlets and outlets. For example, when designing the layout of a floor
drain piping system, inverts must be located below floor level. Also, for drainage systems that are required to
discharge into existing water bodies, the invert level of the pipe outlet needs to be placed at the appropriate elevations.
Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

5. Horizontal Alignment: is one of the most important features of a highway design. Its proper design can
result in high performance regarding speed, safety, efficiency, and comfort. The design of horizontal
alignments requires the understanding of design speed and horizontal curves. Horizontal alignments of a road
comprise of a series of straight lines known as tangents with the provision of curves to change direction.
a. Horizontal Curves: when a highway changes horizontal direction, making the point where it changes
direction a point intersection between two straight lines is not feasible. The change in direction would be
too abrupt for safety of modern high-speed vehicles. It is therefore necessary to interpose a curve between
the straight lines. The straight lines of a road are called tangents because the lines are tangents to the
curve used to change direction. The horizontal curve may be simple, circular, compound or spiral curve.
The types of horizontal curves are explained below:
Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d
 Simple curve: is an arc of a circle. The radius of the curve determines the sharpness or flatness of
the curve.
 Compound Curve: consists of two simple curves joined together and curving in the same direction.
 Reverse: consists of two simple curves joined together but curving in opposite direction. For safety
reasons, the use of this curve should be avoided when possible.
 Spiral Curve: is a curve that has a varying radius.it is used on rail roads and most modern highways.
Its purpose is to provide a transition from the tangent to a simple curve or between simple curves in
a compound curve.
Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

6. Vertical Alignment: comprise of a series of straight lines known as tangents with the provision of
curves (crest or sag) to change direction.
There are two basic elements of vertical alignment;
• Grade: The grade of a highway is a measure of its incline or slope. The amount of grade
indicates how much the highway is inclined away from the horizontal. For example, if a
section of road is perfectly flat and level, then its grade along that section is zero. However, if
the section is very steep, then the grade along that section will be expressed as a number,
usually a percentage, such as 10%.
Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

• Vertical Curves: are the second of the two important transition elements in geometric design

for highways, the first being Horizontal Curves. A vertical curve provides a transition between

sloped roadways, allowing a vehicle to negotiate the elevation rate change at a gradual rate

rather than a sharp cut.

Dependency of Vertical curves

• The design of the curve is dependent on the following factors:
• Intended design speed for the roadway
• Drainage
• Slope
• Acceptable Rate of Change
• Friction
These curves are parabolic and are assigned stationing based on horizontal axis.
Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

Types of Vertical Curves

• Sag Vertical Curves
Vertical curves at the bottom of a hill are called sag curves. Sag vertical curves are used to connect
two descending grades which form an upside down parabola, or a sag.
Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

Types of Vertical Curves

• Crest Vertical Curve
Vertical curves at a crest or at the top of a hill are also called summit curves. Crest vertical curves are
used to connect two separate inclined sections.
Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

7. Levels of Cut/fill: the level of cut and fill is usually determined by the following factors;
• Location (Urban or Rural).
• Topography of the terrain.
• The Nature of the region (flood prone or not!).
• The Geological composition of the soil strata.
For example, if the location is urban, it is advisable that the designer should try as much as
possible to follow the existing ground level when designing for the proposed road level.
Because people must have already built houses around or within the proposed route location.
Too much fill will mean burying the houses adjacent to the carriage way, and too much cut
will not be economical nor aesthetically appealing.
Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

8. Junctions: a junction is the place where two or more roads meet. All junctions should have turning
radius so as to enable smooth transition from adjoining street to main carriage way and vice versa.

There are different types of junctions which include but not limited to;
• T-Junction: this is a place where two roads meet in the shape of letter T.
 Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d
A Typical Junction Details
 Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d
A Typical Road Side Drain
Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d
A Typical Outfall Drain and Catchpit
Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

• Y-Junction: This is a place where two • Cross Road: is the place where two roads meet and

roads meet in the form of letter Y. cross each other, it could be in the form of:
 A major road crossing a minor road; or
 Two equal roads crossing each other.
Review of Engineering Drawings and Report cont’d

• Staggered Junction: where roads join from • Roundabout: a place where two or more roads

the left and right so the path from one side of meet, forming a circle that ensures that all
the road to another is not a straight line. In traffic must go round in the same direction.
other words, the roads joining from left and
right are eccentric.
 3.0 B A S I C R E Q U I R E M E N T S O F A N E N G I N E E R I N G R E P O RT

The basic requirements of an Engineering Report depends on the provisions on the ToR and the type of intervention.
Inception Report comprises of the Reconnaissance information, the feasibility study of the area and the available data from the
Client. This Report focuses on the work plan and methodology the Consultant will adopt in carrying out the data capturing
exercise; the different criteria and standards to be used to meet up with the requirements of the TOR. It carries the following
details: Name of the road, Location of the road and Pictures of the existing road conditions to be designed.
The Infrastructure Engineer will review to ensure the following basic requirements reflect in the Inception Report.

First deliverable - Inception Report

1.0 INTRODUCTION 5.0 DATA COLLECTION
1.1 Background
5.1 Data/Information Collected
1.2 Project Objectives
1.3 Project Scope 6.0 METHODOLOGY
1.4 Project Deliverables 6.1 General
1.5 Consultant’s Mobilization 6.2 Design Study Methodology

2.0 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT AREA

7.0 WORK PLAN AND ORGANIZATION
2.1 Location
7.1 Activity (Work) Schedule
2.2 Administrative Areas and Structure
7.2 Reporting
2.3 Physical Characteristics
2.4 Socio-Economic Characteristics
2.5 The Project Roads 8.0 STAFFING AND ORGANIZATION
8.1 Team Composition and Task Assignments
3.0 PROJECT ROUTE ASSESSMENTS 8.2 Organization
3.1 General
9.0 CONSULTANT’S REMARKS AND CONCLUSIONS
4.0 DESIGN CRITERIA AND STANDARDS APPENDICES
4.1 Geometric Design Standards
4.2 Pavement Structure Appendix I: Project Terms of Reference (ToR)
3.1 Basic Requirements of an Engineering Report
Preliminary Engineering Report is an updated reviewed Inception Report that provides detailed application of Design
Criteria, Technical Standards and Specifications. The Report explains how Data were captured, analyzed and the results
represented in the Engineering drawing in line with the provided ToR.
The Infrastructure Engineer will review to ensure the following basic requirements are reflected in the Preliminary
Engineering Report and Engineering drawing.

Second deliverable – Preliminary Engineering Report

1.0 INTRODUCTION 3.0 ENGINEERING REVIEW AND COMMENTS OF EXISTING DOCUMENT
1.1 Project Overview
5.1 Design Report
1.2 Commissioning of Consultant
1.3 Project Corridor Description 3.1.1 Road Inventory and Condition Survey
1.4 Scope of Consultancy Services, Deliverables and Milestone
3.1.2 Engineering Review Comments on Traffic Studies
1.4.1 Scope of Works
1.4.2 Deliverables: Required Outputs and Reporting 3.1.3 Topographical Survey
1.4.3 Project Duration
3.1.4 Drainage/Hydrological Studies
1.5 Objectives of the Consultancy
1.6 Available Data from the Client 3.1.5 Soil Investigation (Geotechnical Investigation)
1.7 Current Submission
3.1.6 Pavement Design
2.0 CONSULTANT PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE 3.1.7 Geometric Design
2.1 About Advanced Engineering Consultants 3.1.8 BEME
2.2 Project Team and Organization
2.2.1 General 3.2 Standard Procurement Document (Bidding Document)
2.2.2 Project Team Composition and Responsibility 3.3 Environmental Social Management Plan
2.3 Work Plan
2.4 Programme of Work 4.0 CONSULTANT’S METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH
2.4.1 Engineering Design Review (One Month) 4.1 Introduction
2.4.2 Work Plan during the Bidding Process Assistance
2.5 Mobilization 4.2 Engineering Survey/Studies and Investigation Methodology
3.1 Basic Requirements of an Engineering Report
4.2.1 Collection and Review of Available Data
4.2.2 Detailed Topographic Survey
4.2.3 Hydrology/Hydrological Studies
4.2.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
4.2.5 Traffic Studies
4.2.6 Geotechnical Investigations
4.3 Pavement Engineering Report
4.4 Drainage and Hydraulic Design Report

5.0 CONCLUSION

APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1: SATELLITE IMAGERY OF PROJECT SITE LOCATION
APPENDIX 2: PHOTOGRAPHS OF PROJECT SITE
APPENDIX 3: PAVEMENT DESIGN ANALYSIS & TRAFFIC SURVEY DATA
APPENDIX 4: RESULTS OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS
APPENDIX 5: HYDROLOGICAL REPORT
APPENDIX 6: WORK PROGRAMME
APPENDIX 7: BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION (BEME)
APPENDIX 8: ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
3.3 Basic Requirements of an Engineering Report
Draft Final Engineering Report is an updated preliminary Report reviewed that will provide detailed application of
design criteria, technical standards and application. The Report explains how data were captured, analyzed and the
results represented in the Engineering drawing in line with the provided ToR.
The Infrastructure Engineer will review to ensure the following basic requirements are reflected in the Draft Final
Engineering Report and Engineering design drawings, BEME and Draft Tender document.

Third deliverable – Draft Final Engineering Report

1.0 INTRODUCTION 3.0 ENGINEERING REVIEW AND COMMENTS OF EXISTING DOCUMENT
1.1 Project Overview 3.1 Review of Final Design Report
1.2 Commissioning of Consultant 3.1.1 Review of Detailed Road Inventory and Condition Survey
1.3 Project Corridor Description 3.1.2 Engineering Review Comments on Traffic Studies
1.4 Scope of Consultancy Services, Deliverables and Milestone 3.1.3 Review of Topographical Survey
1.4.1 Scope of Works 3.1.4 Review of Drainage/Hydrological Studies
1.4.2 Deliverables: Required Outputs and Reporting 3.1.5 Review of Soil Investigation (Geotechnical Investigation)
1.4.3 Project Duration 3.1.6 Review of Pavement Design
1.5 Objectives of the Consultancy 3.1.7 Review of Geometric Design
1.6 Available Data from the Client 3.1.8 Review of Project Road Investment Cost (BEME)
1.7 Current Submission 3.2 Standard Procurement Document (Bidding Document)
3.3 Environmental Social Management Plan
2.0 CONSULTANT PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
2.1 About Advanced Engineering Consultants 4.0 CONSULTANT’S METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH
2.2 Project Team and Organization 4.1 Introduction
2.2.1 General 4.2 Engineering Survey/Studies and Investigation Methodology
2.2.2 Project Team Composition and Responsibility
2.3 Work Plan
2.4 Programme of Work
2.4.1 Engineering Design Review (One Month)
2.4.2 Work Plan during the Bidding Process Assistance
2.5 Mobilization
3.3 Basic Requirements of an Engineering Report
4.2.1 Collection and Review of Available Data
4.2.2 Detailed Topographic Survey
4.2.3 Hydrology/Hydrological Studies
4.2.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
4.2.5 Traffic Studies
4.2.6 Geotechnical Investigations
4.3 Draft Final Engineering Design Review Analysis and Approaches
4.3.1 Design Standards and Concept
4.3.2 Highway Geometric Design Approaches
4.3.3 Pavement Engineering Design
4.3.4 Drainage and Hydraulic Design Approach
4.3.5 Reinforced Concrete Design Approaches
4.3.6 Rate Analysis and Cost Estimates

5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

5.1 Design Criteria/Approval in Principle (AIP)

6.0 CONCLUSION AND NEXT STEPS

APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1: SATELLITE IMAGERY OF PROJECT SITE LOCATION
APPENDIX 2: PHOTOGRAPHS OF PROJECT SITE
APPENDIX 3: PAVEMENT DESIGN ANALYSIS & TRAFFIC SURVEY DATA
APPENDIX 4: HYDROLOGICAL REPORT
APPENDIX 5: WORK PROGRAMME
APPENDIX 6: BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION (BEME)
APPENDIX 7: ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
3.4 Basic Requirements of an Engineering Report
Final Engineering Report is the reviewed version of the Draft Final Engineering Report.

The Infrastructure Engineer will review to ensure the corrections and Site observations are effected. The basic
requirements to be presented in the Final Engineering Report and Engineering design drawings, BEME and Final
Reviewed Tender document based on TOR.

Fourth deliverable –Final Engineering Report

1.0 INTRODUCTION 3.0 ENGINEERING REVIEW AND COMMENTS OF EXISTING DOCUMENT
1.1 Project Overview 3.1 Review of Final Design Report
1.2 Commissioning of Consultant 3.1.1 Review of Detailed Road Inventory and Condition Survey
1.3 Project Corridor Description 3.1.2 Engineering Review Comments on Traffic Studies
1.4 Scope of Consultancy Services, Deliverables and Milestone 3.1.3 Review of Topographical Survey
1.4.1 Scope of Works 3.1.4 Review of Drainage/Hydrological Studies
1.4.2 Deliverables: Required Outputs and Reporting 3.1.5 Review of Soil Investigation (Geotechnical Investigation)
1.4.3 Project Duration 3.1.6 Review of Pavement Design
1.5 Objectives of the Consultancy 3.1.7 Review of Geometric Design
1.6 Available Data from the Client 3.1.8 Review of Project Road Investment Cost (BEME)
1.7 Current Submission 3.2 Standard Procurement Document (Bidding Document)
3.3 Environmental Social Management Plan
2.0 CONSULTANT PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
2.1 About Advanced Engineering Consultants 4.0 CONSULTANT’S METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH
2.2 Project Team and Organization 4.1 Introduction
2.2.1 General 4.2 Engineering Survey/Studies and Investigation Methodology
2.2.2 Project Team Composition and Responsibility
2.3 Work Plan
2.4 Programme of Work
2.4.1 Engineering Design Review (One Month)
2.4.2 Work Plan during the Bidding Process Assistance
2.5 Mobilization
3.4 Basic Requirements of an Engineering Report
4.2.1 Collection and Review of Available Data
4.2.2 Detailed Topographic Survey
4.2.3 Hydrology/Hydrological Studies
4.2.4 Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
4.2.5 Traffic Studies
4.2.6 Geotechnical Investigations
4.3 Draft Final Engineering Design Review Analysis and Approaches
4.3.1 Design Standards and Concept
4.3.2 Highway Geometric Design Approaches
4.3.3 Pavement Engineering Design
4.3.4 Drainage and Hydraulic Design Approach
4.3.5 Reinforced Concrete Design Approaches
4.3.6 Rate Analysis and Cost Estimates

5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA

5.1 Design Criteria/Approval in Principle (AIP)

6.0 CONCLUSION AND NEXT STEPS

APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1: SATELLITE IMAGERY OF PROJECT SITE LOCATION
APPENDIX 2: PHOTOGRAPHS OF PROJECT SITE
APPENDIX 3: PAVEMENT DESIGN ANALYSIS & TRAFFIC SURVEY DATA
APPENDIX 4: HYDROLOGICAL REPORT
APPENDIX 5: WORK PROGRAMME
APPENDIX 6: BILL OF ENGINEERING MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION (BEME)
APPENDIX 7: ROAD SAFETY AUDIT
3.5 Why Write an Engineering Report?

Engineering report writing should always focus on helping your firm achieve and objective. That may mean

convincing a client to take action based on your solution or showing them how a project will benefit the

public. It may also help persuade your client to choose your company’s design or solution.

3.6 Considerations in Engineering Report Writing

When it comes to report writing, remember these factors;
• Consider your audience.
• Keep the proper structure and organization
• Make your writing easy to skim.
• Only include pertinent information.
Basic Requirements of an Engineering Report cont’d

Engineering reports should allow for selective reading and effective communication. Use of headers,

number lists, bullet points and figures & Tables to do more than explain your points in words. Readers will

skim your writing, so make the important parts easy for them to find.

3.7 The General Structure of Engineering Reports

An Engineering Report should contain the following sections:

• Title page: A typical title page of an Engineering report should be brief and meaningful and

describe the contents of the report. The title identifies the subject and indicates the purpose of the

study. The title page includes the title of the project, the Client, the date, the Client’s address and

the Consultant’s address.

Basic Requirements of an Engineering Report cont’d

• Table of Content: to enhance selective reading where necessary.

• Executive Summary/Abstract: A summary of the whole report including important

features, results and conclusions. The Executive Summary should give a concise and

clear overview of the entire report with preference to the Project Title being discussed

and should be the main explanation of the entire report. Readers or the client should be

able gain all necessary information from the Executive summary and sometimes they

will only read this part. it should be written in third person, passive voice, and past tense

because it explains work already done.

Basic Requirements of an Engineering Report cont’d

• Introduction: States the objectives of the report & comments on the way the topic of the
report is to be treated. The introduction leads straight into the report.
• The Body of the Report: Divided into numbered & headed sections. These sections separate
the different main ideas in a logical and sequential order.
• Conclusions: A short, logical summing up of the theme(s) developed in the main text.
• References: Details of published sources of material referred to or quoted in the report
(including any lecture notes and URL addresses of any websites used).
• Appendices: Any further material that is essential for full understanding of your report (e.g.
Google Earth Images, Hydrological Data, Extracts from the Geotechnical Engineering Report
such as the Soil classification along the route, CBR result sheet(s), Traffic Studies/Pavement
Design etc.)
 4.0 A N O V E RV I E W O F B E M E ( B I L L O F E N G I N E E R I N G M E A S U R E M E N T A N D
E VA L U AT I O N )

Bill 1: General Administration

Includes services to be provided for the client Engineer and the Engineer’s Representative for the effective supervision of
the project to cater for
 Accommodation for office and staff residence
 Running the offices
 Equipment and stationeries
 Transport (vehicles and maintenance)
 Assessment and monitoring by Headquarters for design compliance and quality control etc.
 Training of Engineers
 Provision for payment of compensation for properties affected by construction along the RoW, relocation of public
utilities etc.

Ideally, some of these provisions could have been estimated based on expected completion period of the project but they are in
Lump or Provisional Sums because of uncertainties and are subject to approval by Headquarters
4.0 An Overview of BEME (Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation)
BILL 2: SITE CLEARING AND EARTHWORKS
ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
(N) N K

  Clear site on either of centre line of road up to the limit of construction width of all bush,        
201 shrub, grass and trees including top soil to a maximum depth of 300mm. Ha
   Excavate any material except rock in cuttings. Haul excavated materials any distance, deposit,        
  spread in 150mm layers and compact to 100% B.S. Compaction as filling for embankments and m3
202 trim slopes to required cross section. All measured as complete work in final situ

  Excavate from approved borrow pits, haul excavated materials any distance, deposit, spread        
  in 150mm layers and compact to 100% B.S. Compaction as filling for embankments and m3
203 trim slopes to required cross section. All measured as complete work in final situ

204 Excavate in any material in cuttings except rock and haul to spoil as   m3    
directed.
  Excavate rock in cuttings and side drains and either use or haul to spoil. All as directed by the   m3    
205 Engineer's Representative (provisional)
  Dub in grass to slopes of embankments and shoulders as specified and directed. Rate   m2    
206 to include top soiling 100mm thick.
207 Excavate unsuitable material as directed by the Engineer and dispose to spoil.   m3    
BILL 2 : SITE CLEARING AND EARTHWORKS CONTD.
 
 201 is better estimated from the drawing than the usual assumption of multiplying the length
and width of the road. Width of the road varies with the topography of the road. At cut and
fill sections they width are wider.
 
 202 to 205 and 207: results obtain from the design software are not enough to determine the
quantities these items. Data and Records obtained from the inception reports and various
soil tests are necessary in determining extent of different layers of soil to be declared
suitable and unsuitable. Or to be reuse as fill and cart to spoil.
 Bill No. 3 – CULVERTS AND DRAINS

ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT RATE AMOUNT

BILL 3: CULVERTS AND DRAINS (N) N K
  Excavate for all culverts, concrete side drains to any depth in any material except rock including      
301 back filling to 100% B.S. compaction and dispose of surplus material as directed (including m3
dewatering).
302 Extra over item 301 for excavation in rock. m3    
303 Excavate unsuitable materials below foundations and haul to spoil; fill void with suitable m3    
material in layers and compact to 100% B.S. Compaction.
304 Provide , mix and place concrete Grade 15 in Excavations as Blinding. m3    
305 Provide and lay 900mm diameter precast RC pipe culverts, as new culverts and as service ducts m    
including bedding haunching and surrounding.
  Provide and lay 900mm diameter double precast RC pipe culvert, as new culverts and as      
306 service ducts including beddings haunching and surrounding complete. m
  Provide and lay 900mm diameter triple precast RC pipe culvert, as new culverts and as service      
307 ducts including beddings haunching and surrounding complete. m

308 Provide mix and place concrete grade 25 as shown on the drawings for headwalls, wing walls, m3    
aprons of pipe culverts including shuttering.
309 Provide, mix and place concrete grade 25 in retaining walls and box culverts. Rate to include m3    
shuttering.
310 Provide and fix H.T reinforcement in headwalls, wing walls and aprons of pipe culverts. tonne    
311 Provide and fix reinforcement in box culverts and retaining walls including headwalls, tonne    
wing walls and aprons.
312 Provide concrete lined drains including reinforcement as specified and directed. m    
BILL 3: CULVERTS AND DRAINS CONTD.

 302 and 303; exact quantities of these Items can’t be determined during design but it is envisaged that
they may be encountered during construction.

 Considerations:
 Drainage Area Historical Information
 Topographic Survey Information
 Basin runoff Potential
 Channel Capacity

 Length and sizes of culverts and drains depend on the topography and hydrology of the site. The length
is better determined by design rather than assuming average length
 
 Spacing of chutes depends on the hydrology; intensity of rainfall, etc.
 BILL NO 4: PAVEMENT AND SURFACING
ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT RATE AMOUNT
(N) N K

401 Shape and compact subgrade as specified to 100% B.S. Compaction.   m2    

      m2    
4.01A Shape and compact formation in cuttings as specified to 100%BS compaction.
  Provide, spread, shape and compact to 100% West African Standard Compaction naturally        
402 occurring material (laterite, etc.) as sub-base in carriageway and shoulders in layers of 150mm m3
(6”) of compacted thickness (Haulage inclusive).

  Provide, spread, haul any distance, shape and compact approved naturally occurring material        
403 (laterite, etc.) as base and shoulders as specified to a compacted thickness of150mm (haulage m3
inclusive )

  Provide, spread, shape and compact to 100% WASC approved crushed stone base, wet process to   m3    
404 compacted thickness of 200mm (Haulage inclusive)
405 Provide and lay prime coat surface dressing using MC 1 cutback bitumen at the rate of   m2    
1.0 - 1.2 litres/m2 Including blinding with sand or quarry fines
406 Provide, spread, shape and compact asphaltic concrete binder course to carriageway to finished   m2    
thickness of 60mm as specified.
407 Prepare surfaces, provide and apply bitumen emulsion tack coat at the rate of   m2    
0.3 litres/m2.
  Provide, spread, shape and compact asphaltic concrete wearing course to carriageway to a   m2    
408 compacted thickness of 30mm as specified.
BILL NO 4: PAVEMENT AND SURFACING contd.
 
 401 does not describe work for that item but situation where contractor claims all the quantities
irrespective of either the formation is on fill or cut

 402 – 408 depend on the appraisal of the project from the inception stage. If wrongly appraised you may
be over designing or under designing both way wasting fund
BILL NO 5: BRIDGE WORK

ITEM DISCRIPTION QUANTITY UNIT RATE AMOUNT

N N K

5.2.0 PILING WORK        

5.3.0 ABUTMENT, PIERS AND        

FOOTING

5.4.0 SUPER STRUCTURES        

5.5.0 MISCELLANEOUS        

           
 SUMMARY
S/NO DESCRIPTION AMOUNT
1    
GENERAL
2    
SITE CLEARING AND EARTHWORKS
3    
CULVERTS AND DRAINS
4    
PAVEMENT AND SURFACING
5    
BRIDGES
     
SUB-TOTAL
     
ADD CONTINGENCY
     
ADD VOP
     
SUB-TOTAL
     
ADD 7.5% VAT
     
GRAND TOTAL
5.0 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR RURAL ROADS DESIGN

Rural roads are defined as roads with low traffic volumes in predominantly agricultural areas.
They may be feeder roads, tertiary roads or secondary roads of a non-interurban character.

Rural road projects aim to improve basic road accessibility from villages to markets and social
services are expected to yield not only savings in Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) and road-user
Travel Time Cost (TTC), but also substantial social values in the form of broadened socio-
economic opportunities for the rural population.

The role of Economic Analysis is to assist the design, prioritization and selection of road works
for financing under the Project.
5.0 Economic Analysis for Rural Roads Design

Benefits of Rural Road Construction:

1. Reduced transport costs.
2. More effective use of agricultural land by converting it from subsistence farming to
commercial production.
3. Increased yield for the farmers through the introduction of farm machines and other
technical assistance.
4. Growing of crops with much more economic value.
5. Ability to harvest the crops when they are ready for market, thus eliminating loss due to
lack of access.
6. Elimination of losses to crops caused by damages during transportation over roads with
rough surfaces.
5.0 Economic Analysis for Rural Roads Design

Economic Analysis
The economic analysis includes the calculations of;
• The road construction cost
• The transportation and agricultural cost and benefits during the lifetime of the road
 6.0 BIDDING DOCUMENT PROCEDURES (SPD)

6.1 Instruction to Bidders: This document offers specific instructions to bidders by giving an
outline of guidelines the bidders are expected to adhere to or follow in order to be considered as
an eligible bidder. The instructions to bidders outlines the following:

1. Contents of the Bidding Document

2. Preparation of Bids
3. Submission and Opening of Bids
4. Evaluation and Comparison of Bids
5. Award of Contract

6.2 Bid Data Sheet (BDS): This highlights the specific data for the works to be procured as
listed in the Instruction to Bidders.
Bidding Document Procedures (SPD) cont’d

6.3 Evaluation and Qualification Criteria: this outlines the criteria to be adopted during the
evaluation and assessment of the bids.

Criterions such as eligibility, historical contract non-performance, financial situation and

performance, experience, key personnel proposed for the Project by the bidder, etc. are being
assessed to determine the capability of the bidder to handle the Project.

6.4 Bidding Forms: this highlights bidding aspects such as;

i. Letter of Bid

ii. Schedules (Bill of Engineering Measurement and Evaluation)

iii. Forms of Bid Security (Bank Guarantee)

iv. Bidder’s Qualification

Bidding Document Procedures (SPD) cont’d

6.5 Eligible Countries: This identifies the eligibility of the bidder based on their country of

origin, residence or experience.

6.6 Fraud and Corruption: This outlines the Bank’s stand on anti-corruption and fraudulent

practice.
7.0 CONDITION OF CONTRACT AND CONTRACT FORMS

Condition of Contract is sub-divided into two (2), namely;

• General conditions of Contract.
• Particular conditions of contract.
Contract forms: The different types of contract forms include;
• Notification of Intention to Award
• Letter of Acceptance
• Contract Agreement
• Performance Security
• Demand Guarantee
• Environmental and Social (ES) Performance Security
• Advance Payment Security
 8.0 WORKS REQUIREMENT UNDER SPD

This outlines the basic requirements needed to meet up with the specifications on the Standard
Procurement Document. The requirements include:

• Specifications: this covers the scope of work to be carried out during the course of the Project as
well as the Environmental and Social (ES) requirements.
• Key Personnel: the bidder is expected to attach a list of key personnel proposed for the Project.
• List of Drawings: the Engineering drawings is to be attached here.
• Supplementary Information: any other supplementary information deemed necessary to be
brought to the notice of the Client is attached here.
 CONCLUSION

The Review of Engineering Design is important to engineering project because it enable the Road
Infrastructure Engineer to evaluate the Design Documents vis-a-vis the Terms of Reference (TOR) provided
and also identify areas that requires further inputs. This presentation provides summary of Low Volume
Road Design Standards, Specifications and Norms required to review Engineering Design Document.

Standard Procurement Document (SPD) was well discussed in the paper. Bidding Document Procedures
such as contents of Bidding document, Preparation of Bids Submission and Opening of Bids, Evaluation and
Comparation of Bids and Award of Contracts. Condition of Contract and Contract Forms were equally
highlighted. As earlier mentioned, the review help to :-

1. breech the gap between the actual situation at the Site and Design Documents submitted by the
Consultant.
2. avoid ambiguity between Engineering Design Drawings, Report and BEME submitted by the
Consultants.
CONCLUSION CONTINUES

4. solicit more guidance from subject matter experts.

5. Screen the process and the Documents for Final submission and Award.

Review of Engineering Design is a way to get a feedback at certain stages of the design process. The
main aims of a review are usually to understand the problem areas, discuss the current solution, identify
any issues or areas of improvement, potentially scope development of work and gather feedback.

It is my believed that this training has giving us the necessary tools to handle Review of Engineering
Design and Standard Procurement Documents (SPD) for Rural Access And Agricultural Marketing
Project.
THANK YOU