A STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SELECTED

FIRST AID MEASURES AND ITS IMPORTANCE BY TEACHING AMONG

9TH STANDARD STUDENTS IN GOVERNMENT HR. SEC. SCHOOL
KIRUMAMBAKKAM , PUDUCHERRY

Project Report 2012

By
Mr. Mohammed Rafi Ms.Charuvilla Libby
Ms.Chinju Punoose Ms.Deepa Jacob
Ms.Dhivya Ms.Dhanasundari
Ms.Elby P Jose Ms.Elgy P Jose
Ms.Glory Ms.Jayalakshmi K

Guided by

Mrs.GEETHA C
MSc(N), MA(Admin)
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CHILD HEALTH NURSING
KASTURBA GANDHI NURSING COLLEGE
PUDUCHERRY
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY

1
 KALAPET, PUDUCHERRY

KASTURBA GANDHI NURSING COLLEGE

PUDUCHEERY

CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the project work entitled has been success fully carried out
by,
Mr. Mohammed Rafi Ms.Charuvilla Libby
Ms.Chinju Punoose Ms.Deepa Jacob
Ms.Dhivya Ms.Dhanasundari
Ms.Elby P Jose Ms.Elgy P Jose
Ms.Glory Ms.Jayalakshmi K

Submitted as a partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor

of Science in nursing from the Pondicherry University, Puducherry.

Mrs.GEETHA C MSc(N), MA(Admin) DR.S.KAMALAM,

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MSC, M.PHIL, PH.D
DEPARTMENT OF CHILD HEALTH NURSING PRINCIPAL
KASTURBA GANDHI NURSING COLLEGE KASTURBA GANDHI NURSING COLLEGE
PUDUCHERRY PUDUCHERRY

2
 LIST CONTENT
Chapter Particulars Page no.
I INTRODUCTION
 Introduction 1
 Need for the study 2
 Problem Statement 2
 Objectives 2
 Assumption 3
 Operational Definition 3
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-7
III METHODOLOGY
 Introduction 8
 Research approach and design 8
 Setting for the study 8
 Criteria for selection of sample 8
 Sample 9
 Sample size 9
 Sampling techniques 9
 Data collection method 10
 Description of the tool 10
 Scoring 10
 Validity of the tool 10
 Pilot study 11
 Procedure for data collection 11
 Plan for data analysis 11
IV ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
12-24
DATA
V DISCUSSION 26-27
VI SUMMARY, IMPLICATION,
RECOMMENDATION AND 28-31
CONCLUSION
VIII BIBILIOGRAPHY 32-33
APPENDIX 34-55

3
 LIST OF TABLE
Table Page
Title of the table
no. No.
Frequency and percentage distribution of demographic
1 13
variables of 9th standard students
Frequency And Percentage Distribution Of Knowledge Of
2 9th Standard Students About The Selected First Aid 22
Measures
Association of the demographic variables with the
3 level of knowledge of 9th standard students 24

List of figures
Figure Title of Figures Page
No. No.
1 Percentage distribution of age of 9th standard students 15

2 Percentage distribution of sex of 9th standard students 16

Percentage distribution of religion of 9th standard
3 17
students
Percentage distribution of residential status of 9th
4 18
standard students
Percentage distribution of siblings of 9th standard
5 19
students
Percentage distribution of type of family of 9th standard
6 20
students
Percentage distribution of source of information of 9th
7 21
standard students
Percentage distribution of Knowledge level of 9th
8 23
standard students on selected first aid measures

4
 APPENDIX

Slno. Particulars Page no.

Letter seeking permission from the
1. 34
Principal to conduct the study
Letter seeking permission from the school
2. 35
Head Master to conduct the study
2. Submission of content validity 36-37

3. Content validity certificate 38-40

4. Tools for data collection (English) 41-46

5. Tools for data collection (Tamil) 47-54

6. Scoring sheet 55

5
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
“MAN NEEDS CHALLENGES AND DIFFICULTIES AS THEY HAVE NEED TO ENJOY
THE REAL SUCCESS”

First we thank the Lord Almighty for being with us, giving strength, wisdom
and guidance for the successful completion of this endeavor. We are particularly
indebted to the following individuals for the help in the successful completion of
the study.

We express our gratitude to the Management of Kasturba Gandhi Nursing

college for providing us an opportunity to conduct this study. We express our
gratitude to the Dean of MGMC & RI-Dr.N.Muthurangan for providing us an
opportunity to conduct this study.

We express our gratitude to our principal Dr. Prof. S.Kamalam, Principal,

KGNC, Puducherry for her continuous guidance and support throughout the
study.

We express our heartfelt thanks to our guide

Prof.Geetha.C,MSC(N),M.A(Admin) Dept. of Child Health Nursing, KGNC, for her
patience, encouragement, suggestions, timely guidance from the beginning till
the end of the study.

We extend our thanks to Miss.Bharathi, MSc(N), HOD of Psychiatric

department, who lead and co-ordinated our group to complete our research in
time.

We extent our thanks to our class coordinator , Miss.Annapoorni,

Asso.Professor, Dept. of Mental Health Nursing, KGNC, for her instant support
during course of the study.

We extend our thanks to other faculty members of Dept. of Community

Health Nursing, KGNC, for their kind co-operation for successful completion of
project.

6
 We would like to thank the Principal and the Students in Kirumambakkam
Higher Secondary School for their kind co-operation in the study.

We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to Mr. Niyamathullah,

Asso.Prof - Statistician, KGNC, for his help and guidance to make this study a
grand success one.

We are greatly indebted to Our Parents for their constant support,

guidance, to bring the study a grand success.

We extent our thanks to the Librarian who helped us by giving books for
reference whenever needed.

We are pleased to thank all Our Classmates and friends for their help,
encouragement, support and prayers during this study.

Once again we thank the Lord Almighty for being with us and bring us this
Research to be a grand success one.

7
 INTRODUCTION

Knowing your rights is right,

Knowing first aid is your RIGHT !!!

-Abraham Lincoln

Provision of First Aid is an essential service in all community settings. The

capacity to provide prompt basic first aid is particularly important in education
and other educational services available where they have the duty of caring
themselves.

First aid is provided in response to unpredictable illness of injury to

preserve life, protect a person, particularly if the person is unconscious, to
prevent a condition getting worsened and prompt recovery.

It is the responsibility of the principal or the Director to activate such

helping class by activities seek from a medical practitioner via the family ensuring
every child can develop health support plans which assists the students to learn,
to recognize any signs that they need to act to keep themselves and their
surroundings safe.

First aid has been practiced ever since beginning of humanity. Learning first
aid is the civic responsibility of every citizen. Methods of first aid have been
practiced ever since one person desired to help themselves and one another in
sickness after injury.

The statistical view in India about the mortality and morbidity due to
accidents is about 16% out of which more than 75% approximately is due to
inadequate or ignored care or first aid. Other statistical figure, figures out that
children are much more prone to get accidents due to their curiosity and the need
to know things which when ignored

8
 NEED FOR THE STUDY

First aid is the aid given in the case of an injury or accident or sudden illness
which enables the trained people to render such skilled assistance as will preserve
life, promote recovery or prevent aggravation of the injury or the condition until
the arrival of the proper medical attention by the doctors or during the transport.

The school children are more active and have a high level of motor
aggravation which leads them to learn new things quick and as fast as possible.
This curiosity may sometime unfortunately lead into accidents which seeks
immediate attention failing in which the consequences may be much horrible.
The advancement in the field of science is still a mystery and no one knows it has
ends to touch. In such condition it becomes very easy and mandatory by a school
child to know First Aid for applying itself and to practice it to their friend if they
are really in need of it.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

To assess the level of knowledge about selected first aid measures

and its importance among 9th standard students by training in
Government Hr. Sec. School Kirumambakkam , Puducherry

Objectives

 To assess the level of knowledge about selected first aid measures and its
importance among high school students in selected school , Puducherry
 To find out the association between demographic variable and knowledge
about selected first aid measures among the high school students in
selected schools, Puducherry

9
 ASSUMPTION

 High school students have inadequate knowledge on first aid.

 There will be significant association between the knowledge of first aid
measures and the demographic data.

OPERATIONAL Definition

KNOWLEDGE:

The information understandable and skill that gain through education and
experience.

FIRST AID:

First aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury. Its usually
performed by a lay person to a sick or injured causality until definite medical
treatment can be assessed.

9TH STANDARD STUDENTS:

A group of teenagers whose ages are around 13yrs to 15yrs.

10
 Review of literature

1. Caruth et al (2010) investigated on knowledge attitude and practice of

undergraduates regarding first aid measures in Karachi. The eventual
sample size achieved 446 and was taken from three medical colleges and
three non-medical colleges. Knowledge was assessed regarding various
emergency situations with the help of a questioner method.

A total of 446 students were interviewed. 78 students had formal first aid
training. The mean number of correct answer of the student with first aid
training was as opposed to 8.58 in those without first aid training with a
mean difference of 7.84%. The mean number of correct answer by medical
students with first aid training was 11.2 as opposed to 7.2 by non-medical
students with a mean difference of 18.14%. Students having received
formal first aid training scored better than those who had not.

2. Wiadomosci Lekarskie Warsaw Poland (2002) investigated the level of

knowledge of students regarding management of illness and injuries. The
aim of the study was to evaluate the level of knowledge about first aid
among polish society on the example of secondary school students and
teachers. The study was based on a sample of 227 secondary school
students and 79secondary school teachers.
The anonymous survey evaluating the level of first aid knowledge was
carried out. It consists of general and particular part. 7 of surveyed students
achieved an excellent level of knowledge. None of surveyed teachers
achieved an excellent result, 11 achieved a good result and 63 represented
inadequate level of knowledge.

3. Roxanne A Fredrick (2009) investigated on safety and first aid behavioral

intention of supervised and unsupervised third grade students. This study
assessed the safety and first aid behavioral interventions of 285 third grade
students.
Supervised students should significantly higher than unsupervised students
in accident prevention and firstaid. Results indicated students behavioral

11
 intentions often were dangerous for situation require in judgment about
safety or application of first aid.

4. Elizabeth Obhioneh (2009) investigated on knowledge of first aid measures

of avulsion and re-plantation of teeth in Nigerian school children. The aim
of the study was to assess the present knowledge level of tooth avulsion in
Nigerian school children. A twelve streamed questionnaire was distributed
to 495 Nigerian school children (288 boys and 267 girls). Aged 7-15yrs old.
The result of the study showed that 39.2% of the children had experienced
dental trauma in the past, 62.8% had never received information on first
aid on dental trauma. More than half of the participants 51.5% reported
that avulsed tooth could be left on the ground, 38.2% would threw it on the
top of the roof and 17.8% would replant. Overall assessment of the children
showed a level of knowledge tooth avulsion and re-plantation principle.

5. Salwa. A Ali (2008) investigated on first aid for newly graduated nursery
school. The aim of the student to implement and evaluate educational
training programme for newly graduate nursery school teachers about first
aid of some emergency situation occurring to preschool and interventional
study the participant were 60 newly graduated nursery teachers from
faculty of specific education. Data were collected using questionnaire to
test the teacher’s knowledge concerning first aid. This forms the first part
of the study. The second part includes the health education program which
was designed to meet the participant’s needs.
The result was: The participated group of teachers was female 20±2yrs old.
Mostly from rural area they already taught knowledge concerning the
growth and development of children, first aid measure in the 3rd academic
year in the faculty but not none of them practices their topic, knowledge
and practice increased, on the average, from 0-10% to 80-90% in first aid.

6. The study conducted by Asad Abbas, Syed Ismat Bukhari on the knowledge
of first aid and basic life support amongst medical students: A comparison

12
 between trained and un-trained students. The main objective was to
compare the level of knowledge of medical students trained in first aid with
those with no training. The study was conducted on a convenience sample
of 250 medical students. A pre-tested self administered questionnaire was
used for data collection. The questionnaire covered all the major topics of
FA-BLS. The result showed that 79.2% of the trained students performed
well. Though the trained students were comparatively good the mean of
the trained students was not above 50%.

7. The study on “An Intervention study to strength first aid care in school of
Chandigarh, India” conducted by Vikas Bhatia, Sonia Puri. The main
objective of the study is to develop first aid health kit having appropriate
drug and equipment in the school. It was a cross sectional interventional
study conducted among 100 government school in Chandigarh. The study
revealed that only 6% school had health care/first aid kits in pre
intervention phase which increased to 87% in post interventional phase.

8. The study on “The Effect of First Aid Training in the Kinder garden”
conducted by George Bolling, Anne G Myklebust in the year 2011. The
main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a first aid course
for 4-5yrs old kinder garden children given by a first aid instructor and
kinder garden teachers. A mixed method approach using both Qualitative
and quantitative methods was used to investigate the effect of teaching
first aid in the kinder garden in the study. The result shows that more than
70% of the children’s were able to learn emergency management correctly
and they concluded that even kinder garden students could be taught
about first aid.

13
9. AGNEW et al investigated the saturation first aid training to the community
of Orillia, Ontario. Over a three years period 23000 were trained. Interview
data and that while those who were trained felt competent to deal with
emergencies and that they stated they were not careful both on and off the
job and had an increased awareness of safety.

14
 METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with methodology adopted for the study. It includes
research approach and design setting for the study population, criteria for
selection of sample, Sampling technique, sample size, development and
description to scoring techniques, validity of tool, procedure for data collection
and for data analysis.

RESEARCH APPROACH AND DESIGN

The research design is the plan, structure and strategy of investigation of
answering the research question. It is the overall plan or blue print the researcher
selects to carry out their study.

Non-experimental Descriptive research design is selected to achieve the

objectives and to fulfill the needs for the study

SETTING FOR THE STUDY

It is the place where the study is conducted. The study is being conducted
in Government Higher Secondary School, Kirumampakam.

CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SAMPLE

INCLUSION CRITERIA

 Age group between 13-16years

 Students of 9th standard student
 Students who can understand and speak English and Tamil
 Students who are willing to participate

15
 EXCLUSION CRITERIA

 Students who have prior knowledge or have attended any

structured teaching program on first aid and its management.
 Children’s who are physically or psychologically ill

SAMPLE
Sample is a selected proportion of the defined population. It is the sub set
of the population. The sample of our study is the students of 9th standard in
selected Government Higher Secondary school, Kirumampakam.

SAMPLE SIZE
It is the number of elements of population to be sampled. It is estimates
the cost of survey and so on. The sample size of our study is 30 students studying
in selected Government Higher Secondary school, Kirumampakam.

Samples are selected from the 9th standard students of Government higher
secondary school, Kirumampakam, based on the inclusion criteria.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
It is the way of collecting the samples. There are two types of sampling
techniques

 Probability
 Non Probability

Non probable convenient sampling technique is used in this study

16
 DATA COLLECTION METHOD
The process through which the information’s are systematically collected in
the due course of the study.

Method of data collection is structured interview schedule, using as

structured questionnaire based on the review of books, journals, internet and tool
is developed.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL

This research tool consists of two parts i.e PART-A and PART-B.

PART-A

Demographic variables which include age, religion, residential area,

education, monthly family income, health resources, number of children
and type of family.

PART-B

This consists of structured questionnaires which are used to assess

the knowledge on “First aid”.

SCORING
Scoring is based on answer given by the students. Each right answer carries
one mark (1) and no marks (0) for wrong answers.

VALIDITY OF THE TOOL

The tool for this study on first aid is to be submitted to the experts of
community health nursing and medical surgical nursing departments of

17
 PILOT STUDY
A pilot study is small scale replica of the main study. It is the rehearsal of
the main study. It covers the entire process of research.

Pilot study was conducted, to evaluate the knowledge and management of

first aid among the 9th standard students of Government higher secondary school,
Kirumampakam.

PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION

Data collection period is 3 days. Before starting the data collection
permission was obtained from the head of the institution. This sample is based on
the inclusion criteria of 30 students of 9th grade students of Government higher
secondary school, Kirumampakam through convenient sampling method. Data
obtained from the students through interview method using structured
questionnaires.

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

The data collected is to be analyzed by using descriptive statistics and
inferential percentage distribution for demographic variables and knowledge on
the management of the first aid among students of Government higher secondary
school, Kirumampakam by using statistical methods of analysis.

18
 Chapter –IV

Analysis and interpretation of data

This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of data collected on the
basis of objectives of the study which includes the following sections:

SECTION – A
Distribution of demographic variables of the 9th standard students from
Dr.Ambedkar Govt. Hr. Sec. School, Kirumambakam.

SECTION – B
Distribution of level of knowledge among the 9th standard students
regarding selected first aid measures (Injuries, Electric shock, Bites, Burns,
Fracture, Forieng body, Drowning & Fever)

19
 SECTION – A
DISTRIBUTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF THE 9TH
STANDARD STUDENTS

TABLE 1
FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES OF
9TH STANDARD STUDENTS

Sl.No. Percentage
Demographic variables Frequency
(%)
1 Age of the students 13 to 16 years 30 100.0
Less than 13 years 0 0
Greater than 16 years 0 0

2 Sex of the students Male 16 53.3

Female 14 46.7
3 Religion of the students Hindu 28 93.3
Muslim 0 0
Christian 2 6.7
4 Residential status Rural 30 100
Urban 0 0
5 No. of sibilings in the 1 3 10
family 2 13 43.3
3 8 26.7
4 6 20
6 Type of family Joint 19 63.3
Nuclear 11 36.7
7 Source of health Friend 4 13.3
information Media 1 3.3
Health personnel 25 83.3
8 Availability of first aid kit Yes 30 100
in school No 0 0

20
 With regards to the age, all the students (30 samples) come under
the category of the age group ranging from 13 to 16 years (100%)

Among 30 ninth standard students, 16(53.3%) were male and

14(46.7%) were female

Regarding the religion, 28(98.3%) were Hindus and 2(2.7%) were

Christians out of the 30 students.

Regarding the residential status, all the 30(100%) students were

from rural area.

Out of the 30 students, 3(10%) student has one sibling, 13(43.3%)

student has two siblings, 8(26.7%) student has 3 siblings and 6(20%)
student has 4 siblings.

With regards to the type of the family, 19(63.3%) were from joint
family and 11(36.7%) were from nuclear family.

About the source of information got about the first aid, 4(13.3%)
students have gained information from friends, 1(3.3%) student has got
information from media and 25(83.3%) students have got information
from the health personnel.

Regarding the availability of first aid and first aid kit in the school,
all the 30(100%) has accepted that they have the availability.

21
 Figure4.1
Percentage distribution of age of 9th standard students

AGE OF THE STUDENTS

120%

100%
100%
80%

60%
AGE OF THE STUDENTS

40%

20%

0 0
0%
13-16 YRS <13 YRS >16 YRS

With regards to the age, all the students (30 samples) come
under the category of the age group ranging from 13 to 16 years (100%)

22
 Figure 4.2
Percentage distribution of Sex of 9th standard students

SEX OF THE STUDENTS

FEMALE MALE
47% 53%

Among 30 ninth standard students, 16(53.3%) were male and

14(46.7%) were female

23
 Figure 4.3
Percentage distribution of Religion of 9th standard students

RELIGION OF THE STUDENTS

100.00%

90.00%
93.33%
80.00%

70.00%

60.00%

50.00%
RELIGION OF THE STUDENTS
40.00%

30.00%

20.00%

10.00% 6.66%

0.00% 0%
0%
HINDU
CHRISTIAN
MUSLIM
OTHERS

Regarding the religion, 28(98.3%) were Hindus and 2(2.7%) were

Christians out of the 30 students.

24
 Figure 4.4
Percentage distribution of Residential area of 9th standard students

RESIDENTIAL AREA OF THE STUDENTS

100%
90%
80%
70%
60% RESIDENTIAL AREA OF THE
100%
50% STUDENTS
40%
30%
20% 0%
10%
0%
URBAN RURAL

Regarding the residential status, all the 30(100%) students were

from rural area.

25
 Figure 4.5
Percentage distribution of siblings of 9th standard students

SIBLINGS

10%
20%

1 SIBLING
2 SIBLINGS
3 SIBLINGS
43% 4 SIBLINGS
27%

Out of the 30 students, 3(10%) student has one sibling, 13(43.3%)

student has two siblings, 8(26.7%) student has 3 siblings and 6(20%)
student has 4 siblings.

26
 Figure 4.6
Percentage distribution of Type of family of 9th standard students

TYPE OF FAMILY

80.00% JOINT,
63.33%
60.00%
Axis Title

40.00% JOINT
NUCLEAR,
20.00% 36.66%
NUCLEAR
0.00%

Category 1

With regards to the type of the family, 19(63.3%) were from joint
family and 11(36.7%) were from nuclear family.

27
 Figure 4.7
Percentage distribution of source of information got by 9th standard
students

SOURCE OF INFORMATION

83.33%

13.33%

3.33%

0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00% 100.00%

HEALTH PROFESSIONEL MEDIA FRIENDS

About the source of information got about the first aid, 4(13.3%)
students have gained information from friends, 1(3.3%) student has got
information from media and 25(83.3%) students have got information
from the health personnel

SECTION – B

28
 Level of knowledge among the 9th standard students
regarding selected first aid measures

TABLE 2

FREQUENCY AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF KNOWLEDGE OF 9TH

STANDARD STUDENTS ABOUT THE SELECTED FIRST AID MEASURES

SL. PERCENTAGE OF KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF

FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
NO. 9TH STANDARD STUDENTS

1. Inadequate knowledge 23 76.7%

2 Moderately adequate knowledge 7 23.3%

3. Adequate knowledge 0 0%

Regarding the percentage of knowledge level of 9th standard students

about the selected first aid measures, none of the students have
adequate knowledge; about 7(23.3%) students have moderately
adequate knowledge and 23(76.7%) students have inadequate
knowledge.

Figure 4.8

29
 Percentage distribution of Knowledge level of 9th
standard students on selected first aid measures

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL

80.00%

70.00%

60.00%

50.00%

40.00% 76.70%
KNOWLEDGE LEVEL

30.00%

20.00%
23.30%
10.00%
0%
0.00%
INADEQAUTE MODERATELY ADEQUATE
ADEQUATE

The result shows that none of the students have adequate

knowledge; about 7(23.3%) students have moderately adequate
knowledge and 23(76.7%) students have inadequate knowledge.

TABLE 3

30
ASSOCIATION OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES WITH THE LEVEL OF
KNOWLEDGE OF 9TH STANDARD STUDENTS
Sl.no Demographic Inadequate knowledge Adequate knowledge 2 value
variable Frequency % Frequency percentage
2 = 2.11
df = 0
1 Age 23 76.6 7 23.3 (therefore
constant)
NS
2 Sex  = 2.11
2

Male 11 47.8 5 71.4 df = 1

Female 12 52.1 2 28.5 NS
3 Religion 2 = 24.64
Hindu 21 91.3 7 100 df = 1
Christian 2 8.6 0 0 NS
4. Residential area  = 0.38
2

Rural 23 100 7 100 df = 1

Urban 0 0 0 0 (constant)
NS
5. No. of siblings
1 3 12.5 0 0 2 = 16.15
2 9 37.5 4 66.6 df = 7
3 6 25 1 16.6 NS
4 5 20.8 1 16.6
6. Type of family 2 = 4.59
Joint 13 56.5 6 85.7 df = 3
Nuclear 10 43.4 1 14.2 NS
7. Source of health  = 3.59
2

information df = 5
Friends 2 8.6 2 28.57 NS
Media 1 4.3 0 0
Health 20 86.9 5 71.4
professional
8. Availability of first 2 = 0.39
aid kit in school df = 1
Yes 23 100 7 100 (constant)
No 0 0 0 0 NS

31
 TABLE 3: The association of the demographic variable and the knowledge
shows;

On computing the Age and the knowledge of the samples took for
the study the association is Non significant as there is only one variable where the
2 value is 2.11 and df is 0 (constant)

On computing the sex and the knowledge of the students the

association is Non significant where the 2 value is 2.11 and df is 1

On computing the religion and the knowledge of the students the

association is Non significant where the 2 value is 24.64 and the df is 1

On computing the residential area and the knowledge, the

association is Non significant as there is only one variable where the 2 value is
0.38 and df is 1

On computing the No. of Siblings and the knowledge of the students,

the association is Non significant where the 2 value is 16.15 and the df is 7

On computing the type of family and the knowledge of the samples

the association is Non significant where the 2 value is 4.59 and the df is 3

On computing the source of information and the knowledge of the

students the association is Non significant where the 2 value is 3.59 and the
df is 5

On computing the availability of the first aid kit in the school and the
knowledge of the students, the association is Non significant where the 2 value
is 0.39 and the df is 1

32
 CHAPTER –IV
discussion

This chapter deals with the findings of the study. The statement of problem
was “A study to assess the level of knowledge on selected first aid measures and
its importance by training among 9th standard students in Kirumambakkam
government higher secondary school at Puducherry”.

OBJECTIVES

1. To assess the level of knowledge about selected first aid measures

and its importance among 9th standard students in Government Hr.
Sec. School Kirumambakkam , Puducherry
This study shows that,

 None of the students have adequate knowledge

 About 7(23.3%) students have moderately adequate knowledge
 23(76.7%) students have inadequate knowledge.

2. To find out the association between demographic variable and

knowledge about selected first aid measures among the 9th standard
students in Government Hr. Sec. School Kirumambakkam , Puducherry
The study shows that

 Age: With regards to the age, all the students (30 samples) come under the
category of the age group ranging from 13 to 16 years (100%)

33
 Sex: Among 30 ninth standard students, 16(53.3%) were male and
14(46.7%) were female
 Religion: Regarding the religion, 28(98.3%) were Hindus and 2(2.7%) were
Christians out of the 30 students.
 Residential status: Regarding the residential status, all the 30(100%)
students were from rural area.
 No. of siblings: Out of the 30 students, 3(10%) student has one sibling,
13(43.3%) student has two siblings, 8(26.7%) student has 3 siblings and
6(20%) student has 4 siblings.
 Type of family: With regards to the type of the family, 19(63.3%) were from
joint family and 11(36.7%) were from nuclear family.
 Source of health information: About the source of information got about
the first aid, 4(13.3%) students have gained information from friends,
1(3.3%) student has got information from media and 25(83.3%) students
have got information from the health personnel.
 Availability of first aid kit: Regarding the availability of first aid and first aid
kit in the school, all the 30(100%) has accepted that they have the
availability.

34
 CHAPTER - Vi

SUMMARY, IMPLICATION, RECOMMENDATION AND

CONCLUSION

This chapter deals with summary of the study, implication,

recommendation and conclusion of the study.

This study was undertaken to Assess the Knowledge of Selected First Aid
Measures Among 9th Standard Students At Kirumambakkam.

During our community posting, we had a chance of being posted in the

Primary Health Center, Kirumambakkam. There when we were posted in all the
department of the PHC where we also had the chance of being in Treatment
room.

We were astonished to see lots of school children’s came to the OPD with
very minor injuries for treatment. We were wondering whether there was any
availability of first aid measures and first aid kit in that school. When we enquired,
we came to know that everything was available in the school, but the children’s
were not aware of the first aid and its management.

So we had a very keen interest in knowing their knowledge level on first

aid. Knowledge on first aid was an basic chapter in the syllabus of ninth standard
science. So we selected some very common first aid situations, measures like
Injuries Electric shock, Bites, Burns, Fracture, Foreign body, Fever. Thus we
formulated questions on this basis, scoring was done and data was analyzed.
35
 Non experimental approach and descriptive design was adapted for the
study. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used and thirty 9th
standard students were selected based on inclusion criteria. Data was collected
by using structured questionnaire with multiple choice question type.

Among thirty 9th standard students,

 None of the students have adequate knowledge

 About 7(23.3%) students have moderately adequate knowledge
 23(76.7%) students have inadequate knowledge.

IMPLICATION
The finding of the study made in the area of the Nursing Education,
Research, Service and Nursing Administration.

NURSING EDUCATION

Training programme can be conducted during the teachers training

programme. In this curriculum, first aid management can be included.

NURSING RESEARCH

Ongoing research can be undertaken on a large group to generalize findings

on first aid management.

36
NURSING ADMINISTRATON

This can be conducted among the nurses who were organized by the
government.

RECOMMENDATION
1. A similar study can be conducted with high school and higher secondary
school sample to generalize the findings.
2. A comparative study can be done between private and Govt. school
students.
3. A comparative study can be done between the high school and primary
school teachers.

37
 Chapter VII

Conclusion

We conducted a study on the topic “A study to assess the level of knowledge

on selected first aid measures and its importance by training among 9th standard
students in Kirumambakkam government higher secondary school at Puducherry”

The study was conducted among thirty 9th standard students which
revealed that the student has Inadequate Knowledge regarding the management
of selected first aid measures.

On having the field evaluation results, we found that it was essential for the
students must know something about first aid. So we have organized a discussion
class on the tools we used and also health educated on basic first aid measures.

38
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:

1. TK Indrani “Text book of First Aid for Nurses” first edition, 2003,
published by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.
2. V.K.Jain “Text book of First Aid/ emergencies”, first edition 2004,
published by Pawaninder.P.Vij
3. N.N.Yalayasamy “Text Book of First Aid and Emergency Nursing, first
editon,1997, pulished by Ganjanana Book Publishers
4. L.C.Gupta “Manual of First Aid, Management of General Injuries,Spots
Injuries and common ailments”, third edition, published by Jitendar.P.Vij
5. Sheikh -Ali “First Aid for USMLE step2 clinical skills”, second edition,
published by MC.Graw Hill
6. National safety council “First Aid and CPR”, third edition, pubishd by
Jones and Bartlett publishers
7. Ajay Sing “First Aid and Emergency care 2007” ninth edition, N.R Brother
publishers,Indore
8. Guptha C.C and Abhitavh Gupta, “Manual of First Aid”, 2002, second
edition, Jaypee publications, New Delhi
9. Praveen Aggarwal, Lakhiram Murmu, “First Aid in Emergency”, 2002,
first edition, CBS Publishers, New Delhi
10.Shashank .V.Paurlekar(Dr.) “First Aid” 2002, third edition, Vira Medical
publishers, Mumbai

39
NET REFERENCE:

 www.dailymed.com
 www.encyclopedia.com
 www.google.com
 www.medicinenet.com
 www.medline.com
 www.medscape.com
 www.wikipedia.com

40
41
42
43
44
 Appendix –V

CONTENT VALIDATION CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that tool prepared by 2nd batch students VIII semester,
BSc (N),KGNC to conduct “A Study to assess the level of knowledge on selected
first aid measures and its importance by training among 9th standard students in
Kirumambakam, Hr. Sec. School at puducherry” has been validated by me. This
validated tool used for the main study.

Date : Signature

Place: Name:Dr.S.Kamalam,

Designation: Principal
Address: Kasturba Gandhi
Nursing college
pillayarkuppam,
puducherry

45
 CONTENT VALIDATION CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that tool prepared by 2nd batch students VIII semester,
BSc (N),KGNC to conduct “A Study to assess the level of knowledge on selected
first aid measures and its importance by training among 9th standard students in
Kirumambakam, Hr. Sec. School at puducherry” has been validated by me. This
validated tool used for the main study.

Date : Signature

Place: Name:Prof.S.Sumathy

Designation: HOD Dept. of CHN

Address: Kasturba Gandhi
Nursing college
pillayarkuppam,
puducherry

46
 CONTENT VALIDATION CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that tool prepared by 2nd batch students VIII semester,
BSc (N),KGNC to conduct “A Study to assess the level of knowledge on selected
first aid measures and its importance by training among 9th standard students in
Kirumambakam, Hr. Sec. School at puducherry” has been validated by me. This
validated tool used for the main study.

Date : Signature

Place: Name:Miss.Elavarasi

Designation: Asst. Professor

Address: Kasturba Gandhi
Nursing college
Pillayarkuppam,
Puducherry

47
 Appendix – VI

Tools (English)
SECTION-A

DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
1. Sample no :

2. Age in years

(a) 13-16yrs (b)less than 13yrs (c)greater than 16yrs

3. Sex

(a) male (b) female

4. Religion

(a) Hindu (b) Christian (c) Muslim

5. Residential status

(a) Rural (b) urban

6. No; of siblings in the family

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

7. Type of family

(a) joint (b) nuclear

8. Source of health information

(a) friend’s (b) medias (c) health personnel

9. Availability of first aid and first aid kit in school

(a) yes (b) no

48
 SECTION-B

QUESTIONNAIRE

INTRODUTION
1. First Aid will be given?
a. Immediately before injury b. To prevent injuries
c. Immediately after injury d. Within 24hrs
2. Main aim of first aid
a. To save life b. To promote pain
c. To cause pain d. To promote bleeding
BASIC TRAFFIC RULES
3. What does this symbol mean?
a. Hospital
b. School
c. Parking
d. Go slow
4. Which one of these is considered as life saving measure while travelling?
a. Coconut shell
b. War shield
c. Helmet
d. Cap

49
5. Which side has to be maintained while driving on a road?
a. Right
b. Left
c. Middle
d. Wherever
FIRST AID MEASURES
BURNS
6. If you find your friend having burns in his arm, what would you do?
a. Pour water
b. Apply cream
c. Immerse in cool water
d. Cover the burnt area
INJURIES
7. Minor bleeding is easily controlled by,
a. Elevation
b. Pressure
c. Rest
d. Pressure and elevation
8. If you happen to have a cut or a scrape, what is to be done-
a. Apply pressure with bare hands
b. To apply mud
c. To clean it with clean water
d. To leave the wound to heal

50
9. Use of a sterile dressing on an open would
a. Reduce further contamination
b. Kill any bacteria in wound
c. Necessary only if wound is bleeding profusely
d. Prevent shock

FRACTURE
10. Fracture, dislocations, sprain should be treated initially with
a. Hot water bag
b. Ice pack
c. Salt water solution
d. Dressing
11. Bandages are not used to
a. To reduce pain
b. To reduce swelling
c. To reduce bleeding
d. To reduce pressure on the injury
ELECTRIC SHOCK
12. If your friend is in an electric shock, you would
a. Unplug the power
b. Touch the wire
c. Touch your friend with bare hands
d. Use grounded objects

51
13. If you are near a victim who is paralysed by electric shock, you should
a. Try to pull the victim from any wires
b. Try to move any wires with a wooden pole or handle
c. Use wooden poles or handles to pull the victim from any wires
d. Wait until the power company can cut the wires or disconnect them

FOREIGN BODY
14. If you have ear discharges what would you do?
a. Leave the ear without any care
b. Turn the head towards the injured site and cover with clean cloth
c. Allow yourself to lie down
d. Keep the ear under running water
15. Foreign body in the eye can be removed by
a. Use water to irrigate the eye
b. Apply cream
c. Leave the eye without any care
d. Rubbing
FEVER
16. The measures which is used when the fever goes high
a. Wrap the child with clothing
b. Place wet cloth on forehead, arms and legs
c. Make the child to lie down in a dark quite place
d. Give cold item to the children

52
 DROWNING
17. If you see a friend drowning, what would you do?
a. Rescue the friend
b. Call for help
c. Make fun out of the friend
d. Ignore the situations
BITES
18. First measure to be done for a person with a snake bite is
a. Cut the venom and Suck the venom
b. Put a strong pressure above the bite
c. Call for help
d. Put a strong pressure over the bite
19. If a child is bitten by a dog, you should give
a. Pain killer
b. Rabies vaccine
c. Hepatitis vaccine
d. Wash with soap and water
20. If someone is stung by a bee what is not to be done immediately
a. To remove the stringer
b. Leave the stringer
c. To apply pressure
d. Wash with cold water

53
 APPENDIX –VII
TOOL (TAMIL)

நாதிரி ஋ண்

13

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

சுகாதாப தகயல் கிடைக்கும் யமி

஥ண்஧ர்கள்
ஊைகங்கள்
உைல்஥஬ ஥ிபுணர்
஧ள்஭ினில் ப௃தல் உதயி இருக்கி஫தா

ஆம் / இல்ட஬

54
1 ப௃தல் உதயி ஋ன்஦
a. கானங்க தடுக்க `
b. ப௃ன்
c.
d. 24 நணி ந஥பத்திற்குள்

2 ப௃தல் ப௃க்கின ந஥ாக்கம்

a. உனிடப
b. ய஬ிடன அதிகரிக்க
c. ய஬ி ஌ற்஧டுத்த
d. இபத்தப்ந஧ாக்கு ஊக்குயிக்க

அடிப்஧டை ந஧ாக்குயபத்து யிதிகள்

3. இந்த சின்஦ம் ஋ன்஦?

a. நருத்துயநட஦
b. ஧ள்஭ி
c. யாக஦ங்கள் ஥ிறுத்தும் இைம்
d. மநதுயாக மசல்

4. ஧னணிக்கும் ந஧ாது உனிர் ஧ாதுகாக்கும் சாத஦ம் ஋து?

a) நதங்காய் சிபட்டை
b) ந஧ார் கயசம்
c) தட஬க்கயசம்
d) மதாப்஧ி

55
5. சாட஬னில் யாக஦ம் ஏட்டும் ந஧ாது ந஧ாக
நயண்டும்?

a) ய஬து
b) இைது
c) ஥டுயில்
d) ஥ீங்கள் யிரும்பும் இைத்தில்

ப௃தல் உதயி ஥ையடிக்டககள்

தீக்கானங்கள்

6. உங்கள் ஥ண்஧ர் டகனில் தீக்கானங்கள் இருந்தால். ஥ீங்கள்

஋ன்஦ மசய்யர்கள்?
ீ

a. தண்ண ீர் ஊற்஫ நயண்டும்

b. கிரீம் ந஧ாை நயண்டும்
c. கு஭ிர்ந்த ஥ீரில் அநிழ்த்தி டயக்க நயண்டும்
d. ஋ரிந்து ந஧ா஦ ஧குதிடன நட஫க்க நயண்டும்

கானங்கள்

7. சிறு இபத்தப்ந஧ாக்கு ஋஭ிதாக கட்டுப்஧டுத்தப்஧டும் ப௃ட஫

a. உனர்த்துயதன் ப௄஬ம்
b. அழுத்தம்
c. ஏய்வு
d. அழுத்தம்
ப௄஬ம்

56
8. உங்களுக்கு எரு மயட்டு அல்஬து எரு கீ ஫ல் இருந்தால்,
஋ன்஦ மசய்ன நயண்டும்

a. மயறுடநனா஦ டகனில் அழுத்தம் மகாடுக்க

நயண்டும்
b. நசறு டயக்க நயண்டும்
c. சுத்தநா஦ தண்ணடப
ீ மகாண்டு சுத்தம் மசய்ன
நயண்டும்
d. கானம் ஆறும் யடப காத்திருக்க நயண்டும்

9. தி஫ந்த கானம் நீ து ஧னன்

a)
b) மகால்஬
c) இபத்த கசிவு இருந்தால்
d) ஥ிட஦வு இமப்பு தடு

஋லும்பு ப௃஫ிவுகள்

10. ஋லும்பு ப௃஫ிவு, இைப்஧ிசகல், சுளுக்கு ஋ப்஧டி ப௃த஬ில்

டகனா஭ நயண்டும்

a. சூைா஦ தண்ண ீர் ட஧ டயக்க

நயண்டும்
b. ஍ஸ் ட஧ டயக்க நயண்டும்
c. உப்பு தண்ண ீர் நயண்டும்
d. கட்டு ந஧ாை நயண்டும்

57
11. கட்டு துணி ஋தற்கு ஧னன்஧டுத்த஧ைாது

a) ய஬ிடன குட஫க்க
b) யக்கம்
ீ குட஫க்க
c) இபத்தப்ந஧ாக்கு குட஫க்க
d) கான நீ து அழுத்தத்டத குட஫க்க

நின்சாபம்

12. உங்கள் ஥ண்஧ர் நின்சாப தாக்குத஬ில் இருந்தால், ஥ீங்கள்

மசய்ன நயண்டினது

a.
b. நின்சாப கம்஧ி மதாை நயண்டும்
c. மயறுடநனா஦ டகக஭ில் உங்கள் ஥ண்஧டப மதாை
நயண்டும்
d. ம஧ாருட்கட஭ ஧னன்஧டுத்த நயண்டும்

13. உங்களுக்கு அருகில் நின்சாபதில் ஧ாதிக்கப்஧ட்ையர்

இருந்தால் ஥ீங்கள் ஋ன்஦ மசய்ன நயண்டும் ?

a. நின்சாப இருந்து ஧ாதிக்கப்஧ட்ையடப இழுக்க

நயண்டும்

b.

c.
d.

58
 அன்஦ின

14. உங்களுக்கு ஥ீங்கள் ஋ன்஦ மசய்யர்கள்?

ீ

a. ஋ந்த ஧ாதுகாப்பும் இல்஬ாநல் கா டத யிட்டுயிை

நயண்டும்

b.

c. கீ நம தூங்க நயண்டும்

d.

15 கண்ணில் தூசி ஋ப்஧டி ஥ீக்கப்஧ைநயண்டும்

a.
b. கிரீம் நயண்டும்
c. ஋ந்த ஧ாதுகாப்பும் இல்஬ாநல் கண்டண யிட்டுயிை
நயண்டும்
d. கண் நதய்க்க நயண்டும்

காய்ச்சல்

16. காய்ச்சல் அதிகநாக இருக்கும் ந஧ாது ஧னன்஧டுத்தப்஧டுயது

஋ன்஦
a.
b. ஈபநா஦ துணி தட஬, டககள் நற்றும்
நயண்டும்
c. எரு இருண்ை அட஫னில் குமந்டத
நயண்டும்
d. கு஭ிர்ச்சினா஦ ம஧ாருட்கள் மகாடுக்க நயண்டும்

59
 ப௄ழ்குதல்
17. உங்கள் ஥ண்஧ர் ஥ீரில் ப௄ழ்குயடத ஥ீங்கள் ஧ார்தால் ஋ன்஦
மசய்யர்கள்?
ீ

a. ஥ண்஧டப காப்஧ாற்஫ நயண்டும்

b. உதயி
c. ஥ண்஧டப நக஬ி மசய்ன நயண்டும்
d. ஥ிட஬டந அ஬ட்சினப்஧டுத்த நயண்டும்

கடிகள்

18. ஧ாம்பு கடித்த எரு ஥஧ருக்கு மசய்னப்஧ைநயண்டின ப௃தல்

஥ையடிக்டக

a. யிரத்டத உ஫ிஞ்ச நயண்டும்

b. எரு யலுயா஦ அழுத்தத்டத
நயண்டும்
c. உதயி கு அடமக்க நயண்டும்
d. கடித்த இைத்தி எரு அழுத்தம் நயண்டும்

19. னாநபனும் ஥ாய்க்கடிப்஧ட்ைால் ஋ன்஦ ?

a. ய஬ி நருந்து
b. நப஧ிஸ் தடுப்பூசி
c. மெ஧டைடிஸ் தடுப்பூசி
d.

60
20. னாநபனும் நத஦ினால் மகாட்ைப்஧ட்ைால் ஋டத மசய்னக்
கூைாது?

a. மகாடுக்கு ஥ீக்க நயண்டும்

b. மகாடுக்டக யிட்டுயிை நயண்டும்
c. அழுத்தம் மகாடுக்க நயண்டும்
d. கு஭ிர்ந்த ஥ீரில் கழுய நயண்டும்

61
 Appendix - VIIi
SCORING
QUESTION NO CORRECT OPTION SCORE
1 C
2 A
3 A
4 C
5 C
6 C
7 D
8 C
9 A
10 D
11 D
12 A
13 C
14 B
15 A
16 B
17 B
18 B
19 D
20 B

62