Topic 1: Religion and Globalization

Religion Globalization Globalism

● It is concerned with the ● demands the ● Ideology based in

sacred standarization or belief
homogenization of
nearly everything and
everyday.

● follows devine ● abides human-made ● it values maternal

commandments law wealth

● belived that people can ● globalization affects ● belives in human

communicate with the religious practices action can lead to
transcendant and beliefs by subsquent wisdom
diminishing the
● Main duty is to live a virtous, barriers among ● globalist are less
sinless life distinctive cultures, worried about wheter
they will end up in
heaven or hell

● *Religions are the ● globalization lands

foundations of modern
republic. -Malaysian
Government "Islam is the
Foundation of the
Federation" - "There is no
fundamental distinction
among constitutional,
despotic, dictatorial,
democratic and communistic
regimes" Ayatollah Ruholia
Khomeini
religion in conflicts
which support social
identities, As some do
not take delivery of
the new realities and
turn to faith to
rediscover their own
identity.

● Religion and Globalism crash over the fact that religeous evangelization is a form
of globalization.

● Religion and Law were fused together to build the "Modern Secular Society"

● Religion as an Opportunity: Some religions, such as Islam and Christianity, view

globalization as a chance to increase their influence on a global scale.

● Religious Fundamentalism: Some religions, such as Islam and Christianity, view

globalization as a chance to increase their influence on a global scale.

● Religion presents a sense of attachment to a set within the society

Topic 2: Media & Globalization shapes and reorient the social behaious or
GLOBALIZATION users.
● Entails the spread of various cultures. Ex. - It brings people together and makes it easier
Hollywood films, South Koread songs, to communicate with the use of technology.
Anime, etc.
● Involves soread of ideas. Ex. The rights of THE GLOBAL VILLAGE AND CULTURAL
the LGBTQ+++ IMPERIALISM
● The term "global village" means all parts of
MEDIA [Singular form: Medium] the world as they are being brought together
● The main conduit of globalization for the by the internet and other electronic
spread of global cultures and ideas communication interconnections. Other forms
of communication such as Skype allows
MEDIA AND ITS FUNCTION easier communication and connection with
● A means of conveying something, such as a others, especially in other countries.
channel of communication
● Technologies of mass communication ● Cultural imperialism, refers to the
imposition by one usually politically or
CATEGORIES OF MEDIA economically dominant community of
various aspects of its own culture onto
another nondominant community.
PRINT MEDIA BROADCAST DIGITAL - ex. America values and culture would
MEDIA MEDIA overwhelm all others. This process also led to
spread of “America” capitalism values like
consumerism.
a form of involves is any form of ● Cultural Globalization is a euphemism for
media that uses “Western Cultural Imperialism” as ot
publishing that electronically
electronic promotes “Homogenized, Westernized,
relies upon and consumer culture.”
devices for
paper as its simultaneously
distribution. This
medium. sending form of media SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE CREATION OF
information can be created, CYBER GHETTOS
Ex. containing viewed, ● The internet and social media are proving
modified, and that the globalization of cultures and ideas
Books signals, print
distributed via can move in different directions.
Magazines messages and
Newspaper audio or video electronic
devices. Benefits and Negatives effects of Social Media
content to a
vast group Ex. PROS CONS
Internet
Ex. (Internet sites it had democratized Being on Facebook
Radio and Social access. resemble living in an
Film Media) echo chamber as it
Television It enabled users to be reinforces one’s exxisting
Mobile Mass consumers and beliefs and opinions
Communication producers of
information Trolls are used to
simultaneously manipulate public
opinion through
intimidation and fake
news

Fake information can

spread easily on social
media since they have
What does the media do, and how do thy affect few content filters.
societies?

- Media as a form of technology is not as

simple bearer of messgaes but it also
Topic: Environmental Crisis and Sustainable
Development
• DETERIORATING STATE OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
deterioration of the environment through
depletion of resources such as air, water and
soil; the destruction of ecosystems and the
extinction of wildlife. It is defined as any
change or disturbance to the environment
perceived to be deleterious or undesirable.
the deteriorating state of the environment.
This problem has destabilized populations
and species, raising the specter of extinction
for some and a lesser quality of life for the
survivors and their offspring.
• THE WORLD'S LEADING
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Accordng to CONSERVE ENERGY
FUTURE WEBSITE
1. The depredation caused by industrial
and transportation toxins and plastics in
the ground; the defiling of the sea,
rivers, and water beds by oil spills and
acid rain; the dumping of urban waste.
2. Changes in global weather patterns
(flash floods, extreme snowstorms, and
the spread of deserts) and the surge in
ocean and land temperatures leading to
a rise in sea levels, plus the flooding of
many lowland areas across the world.
3. Overpopulation
4. The exhaustion of the non-renewable
resources from oil reserves to minerals
to potable water.
5. A waste disposal catastrophe due to the
excessive amount of waste (from plastic
to food packages to electronic waste)
unloaded by communities in landfills as
well as on the ocean ; and the dumping
of nuclear waste.
6. 6. The destruction of million-year-old
ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity
(destruction of coral reefs an massive
deforestation) that have led to the
extinction of particular species and the
decline in the number of others.
7. The reduction of oxygen and the
increase in carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere because of deforestation,
resulting in the rise in ocean acidity by
as much as 150 percent in the last 250
years.
8. The depletion of ozone layer protecting
the planet from the sun's deadly
ultraviolet rays due to
chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere.
9. Deadly acid rain as a result of fossil fuel
combustion, toxic chemicals from
erupting volcanoes, and the massive
rotting vegetables filling up garbage
dumps or left on the streets.
10. Water pollution arising from industrial
and community waste residues seeping
into underground water tables, rivers ,
and seas.
11. Urban sprawls that continue to expand
as a city turns into a megalopolis,
destroying farmlands, increasing traffic
gridlock, and making smog cloud a
permanent urban fixture.
12. Pandemics and other threats to public
health arising from wastes mixing with
drinking water, pollutes environments
that become breeding grounds for
mosquitoes and disease carrying
rodents, and pollution.
13. A radical alteration of food systems
because of genetic modifications in food
productions.
MAN-MADE POLLUTION
Pollution is a byproduct of human activities,
such as burning fossil fuels for transportation,
waste disposal, consumption, burning oil, etc.
Through this human-caused environmental
problem, soil/land, water, and air pollution
occurs.
• Sandstorms combined with combustion
exhaust from traffic and industrial waste has
led the World health organization to declare
the Riyadh of Saudi Arabia as one of the most
polluted cities in the world.
• Goal fumes coming out of industries and
settling down in surrounding areas
contaminated 20 percent of China’s soil, with
the rice lands in Hunan and Zhuzhou found to
have heavy metals from the mines,
threatening the food supplies.
 • The biggest copper in Malanjkhand in
India discharges high levels of toxic heavy
metals into water streams.
• In China, the Shanxi Maanqiao Ecological
Mining Ltd., that produces 12,000 tons of
gold per year, have caused pollution and
safety problems. The condition of China has
become very critical as the toxic byproducts of
production processes are being produced
much more rapidly than the earth can absorb.
• The pumping of “chemical-laden wastewater
directly into the ground by the coal mines in
west Virginia that turned drinkable water into
a poisonous cocktail of chemicals that made
people sick and developed diseases. MAN-
MADE POLLUTION Pollution is a byproduct
of human activities, such as burning fossil
fuels for transportation, waste disposal,
consumption, burning oil, etc. Through this
human-caused environmental problem,
soil/land, water, and air pollution occurs.
• Pollution in west Africa has affected the
atmospheric circulation system that controls
everything from wind and temperature to
rainfall across huge swathes of region. -
Accelerated pace of desertification due to
climate change, uncontrolled urban growth,
and rapid industrialization.
• One of the major ironies of urban pollution is
public transportation, for it runs mainly on
diesel fuel, which is one of the largest
contributors to environmental pollution
problem worldwide
CLIMATE CHANGE
• Global warming is one of the major and
serious environmental problems in the world.
This is a result of billion of tons of carbon
dioxide coming from coal-burning power
planta and transportation, various air
pollutants, and other gases accumulating in
the atmosphere. These air pollutants trap the
sun’s radiation or heat that contribute to the
greenhouse effect and causes rise in the world
temperature and climate change or the
changes in the average weather conditions
and pattern. Global temperature I the past 50
years has risen rapidly- and continues to do so
The following are the effects of global warming:
· Recurring heat waves
· Long droughts
· Heavy rainfall
· Devastating hurricanes
· Typhoons
· Increase in the Natural calamities/disasters and
double incidence.
· Melting of glaciers
· Death of coral reefs
· Agricultural production is affected.
· Cases of disease rise.
COMBATING GLOBAL WARMING
• More countries are now recognizing the perils
of global warming.
• In 1997, 192 countries signed the Kyoto
protocol to reduce greenhouse gases,
following the 1992 United nations earth
summit where a framework convention for
climate change was finalized.
• Some countries made necessary move to
reduce their contribution to global warming,
however, the United States-the biggest
polluter in the world-is not joining the effort.
• In December 2015, 195 countries negotiated
the Paris accord, a follow up treaty to Kyoto
protocol. The aim of this negotiation is to
limit the increase in the global average
temperature based on targeted goals as
recommended by scientists. It largely passes
as international legislation because it
emphasizes consensus-building.
• Social movements were also applied to
regulate global warming, such as:
·Environmental activism to pressure in
industries to reduce emissions and to lobby
parliament for the passage of proenvironment
laws.
·Local officials and grassroots organizations
from1,000 communities push for crop
diversification, a reduction of sugar cane
production, the protection of endangered sea
species from the devastating effects of
commercial fishing, the preservation of
lowlands being eroded by deforestation up in
the rivers and inconsistent release of water
from a nearby dam.
·University-government partnership to
control pollution.
·Other programs and campaigns.
 Topic: GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
International migration
also plays a part. Today, 191 million
RURAL URBAN people live in countries other than their
own, and the United Nations projects that
over 2.2 million will move from the
often welcome an extra Urbanized, educated, developing world to the First World countries.
hand to help in crop and professional
cultivation, particularly families with two The “Perils” of Overpopulation
during the planting and incomes, however,
harvesting seasons. desire just one or two • British scholar Thomas
progenies. Malthus warned in his 1798 "An
Essay on the Principles of
Population " that population
The poorer districts of With each partner tied
urban centers also tend down, to committed to growth will inevitably exhaust
to have families with his/her professions, world food supply by the middle of
more children because neither has the time to 19th century.
of their “small family devote to having a kid,
business” depends on much more to • American biologist Paul
how many of their parenting. Ehrlich and his wife Ann
members can be wrote the Population Bomb,
hawking their wares on which argued that overpopulation
the streets in the 1970s and the 1980s will
bring about the global
the more children, the These families also
environmental disasters that
better it will be for the have their sights on would lead to food shortage and
for the farm or the small long-term saving mass starvation.
by-the-street corner plans. They set aside
enterprises. significant parts of • The rate of global population
their incomes for their increase was at its highest
retirement, health between 1955 and 1975
care, and the future
education of their
child/children. • Philippines, China, and India
sought to power birth rates in the
Rural families view Urban families, may mid-20th century
multiple children and not have the same
large kinship networks kinship network • In 1958 an American policy
as critical investments. anymore because journal, Foreign Affairs advocated
couples live on their
"Contraception and Sterilization "
own, or because they
move out of the
farmlands. • Advocates of population control
contend for universal access to
Countries in the “less developed reproductive technologies such as
regions of the world” that rely on pills, condoms, abortion, and
agriculture tend to maintain high vasectomy)
levels of population growth.
• Finally, politics determine these
"birth control" programs.
However, some policy
formulations lead to extreme
policies:
• Forced sterilization or 20 million "
violators " of the Chinese
governments " one child policy.
• Coercive Mass sterilization of
Vietnam and Mexico
It’s the Economy, Not the
Babies!
• Betsy Hartmann disagrees with the
advocates of neo-Malthusian theory
and accused governments of using
population control as a “substitute
for social justice and much-needed
reforms - such land distribution,
employment creation, provision of
mass education and health care, and
emancipation.”
• On the other hand, some argue that
population growth in the 1960s
actually boosted economic
development through innovation
and a larger workforce.
• They also note that despite
challenges like income disparities
and pollution in crowded cities, they
remain economic hubs.
• Cities with a median age of around
29.4 years for females and 30.9 for
males have a young workforce,
which can support a strong military.
Additionally, a high proportion
of working-age individuals in a
population can lead to increased
production compared to
consumption, potentially boosting
GDP per capita.
Women and Reproductive
Rights
• The character in the middle of these
debates - women - is often the
subject of these population
measures.
• Reproductive rights supporters
argue that if population control and
economic development were to
reach their goals, women must have
control over whether they will have
children or not and when they will
have their progenies, if any. By
giving this power, they will be able to
pursue their vocations - be they
economic, social, or political - and
contribute to economic growth
• High-income First World nations
and fast-developing countries were
able to sustain growth in part
because women were given the
power of choice and easy access to
reproductive technologies.
• Most countries implement
reproductive health laws because
they worry about the health of the
mother.
• Opponents regard reproductive
rights as nothing but a false front
from abortion.
• They contend that this method of
preventing conception endangers the
life of the mother and must be
banned.
• The religious wing of the anti-
reproductive rights flank goes
further and describes abortion as a
debauchery that sullies the name of
God; it will send the mother to hell
and prevents a new soul, the baby, to
become human.
• Muslim countries do not condone
abortion and limit wives to domestic
chores and delivering babies.
• Senegal only allows abortion when
the mother’s life is threatened.
• The Philippines, with a Catholic
majority, now has a reproductive
health law in place, but conservative
politicians have enfeebled it through
budget cuts and stalled its
implementation by filing a case
against the law in the Supreme
Court.
• Pro-choice advocates argue that
abortion is necessary to protect the
health of the mother, their
conservative rivals shift the focus on
the death of the fetus in the mother’s
womb as the reason for reversing the
law.
• This battle continues to be played
out in all the political arenas in the
United States.
The Feminist Perspective
• The feminist approach the issue of
reproductive rights from another
angle.
• They are, foremost, against any form
of population control because they
are compulsory by nature, resorting
to a carrot-and-stick approach.
• They are against the government's
assumptions about the cause of
overpopulation.
• They point out that overpopulation
is not the culprit behind poverty and
ecological devastations.
• One of the goals of 1994 United
Nations Integrational Conference on
Population and Development
suggests recognition about the issue.
They agreed that women should
receive the ff.
o Family planning counseling
on abortion
o The dangers of sexually
transmitted diseases
o The nature of human
sexuality
o And the main elements
responsible for parenthood
• Globally, womens and feminist
arguments on reproductive rights
and overpopulation are
acknowledged, but not enough to
turn it into a policy.
Population Growth and Food Security
• Today ' s global population has
reached 7.4 billion and it is
estimated to increase to 9.5 billion in
2050, then 11.2 billion by 2100.
• 95 % of this population growth will
happen in the developing countries,
with demographers predicting that
by the middle of this century, several
countries will have tripled their
population while developed
countries ' population remain steady
in general but declining in some of
the most advanced countries like
Japan and Singapore.
• The Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) warns that
in order for countries to mitigate
the impact of population growth,
• Food Production must increase
by 70 %
• Annual cereal production must
rise to 3 billion tons from the
the current 2.1 billion tons.
Yearly met production must go
up to 200 million tons to reach
470 million.
 The FAO also recommends that:

• Countries increase the investments

in agriculture

• Craft long term policies aimed at

fighting poverty

• Invest in research and development

The UN body also suggest that countries

develop a comprehensive social service
programs that includes food assistance,
consistent delivery of health services,
and education especially for the poor.

The FAO therefore enjoins governments

to keeps their markets open and to
Events move towards a global trading
system that is fair and competetive and
that contributes to a dependable market
for food