BONGA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE

ASSESSMENT ON THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE

PROMOTION OF HEALTH IN CASE OF BONGA UNIVERSITY SPORT
SCENICE STUDENTS

PREPARED BY: -

NAME OF STUDENTS ID. No

1. ZERIHUN MULATU RU/2320/12

2. YOHANNES SAMAHYA RU/1701/12

3. YORDANOSLULE RU/2272/12

Advisor: -Yonas Mebrat (MSc)

A SENIOR ESSAY SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE IN

PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE INSPORT SCIENCE

JUNE, 2023

BONGA, ETHIOPIA
 APPROVAL SHEET

Approved By

________________ ________________ __________

Name of students Signature Date

ADVISOR

_____________ ___________ _________

Name of Advisor Signature Date

DEPARTMENT HEAD:

______________ __________ _________

Name of Chairman Signature Date

EXAMINER:

______________ __________ _________

Examiner full name Signature Date

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First, I would like to say all praise is to my God who carries me in my weakness. He is the base
of all my success in all ways. Next, I would like to express my deepest thanks, unbounded and
sincere appreciation to my Advisor Yonas.M (Mcs) for this excellence experience sharing,
technical advice, suggestion and consistent comments through the development of the proposal
paper. I also express my deepest heartfelt to all my families who are harry to see my success,
particularly my father and my mother for their moral, financial support from the beginning until
this stage of my education level. I also owe great depth of gratitude to all staff members of Sport
science department and all my friends. Finally, Grateful thanks also go to the staff of the Records
Office of all instructors.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................. i
LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................ v
ABSTRACT..................................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER -ONE..............................................................................................1
1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................1
1.1. Background of the Study..................................................................................................................1
1.2. Statement of the Problem..................................................................................................................2
1.3 Basic Research Questions..................................................................................................................2
1.4. Objectives of the Study.....................................................................................................................3
1.4.1. General Objective of the Study..................................................................................................3
1.4.2. Specific Objectives....................................................................................................................3
1.5. Significance of the Study..................................................................................................................3
1.6. Delimitation of the study..................................................................................................................3
1.7. Limitation of the study......................................................................................................................3
1.8. The Scope of the Study.....................................................................................................................4
1.9. Operational Definitions....................................................................................................................4
1.10 Organization of the Study................................................................................................................4

CHAPTER-TWO..............................................................................5
2. LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................5
2.1. The Concept of Physical Activity.....................................................................................................5
2.2. The Role of Physical Activities........................................................................................................5
2.2.1. Health Promotion.......................................................................................................................6
2.2.2. Physical Activity on Reducing Cardio Vascular Disease...........................................................6
2.2.3. Physical Activity in Reducing in Osteoporosis..........................................................................6
2.2.4 Physical Activity in Reducing the Frequency of Falls................................................................7
2.2.5. Physical Activity in Glucose Metabolism (Diabetes).................................................................7
2.2.6. Physical Activity in Reducing Hypo Kinetic Disease................................................................7
2.3. Definition of Health..........................................................................................................................8
2.3.1. Physical Health..........................................................................................................................8

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 2.3.2. Mental Health............................................................................................................................8
2.3.3. Social Health..............................................................................................................................8
2.4. Physical Activity and Fitness Lead to Improved Health...................................................................9
2.5. Physical Activity in Promoting Physical Fitness..............................................................................9
2.6. Factors Affecting physical Activity..................................................................................................9
2.6.1. Environmental Factors.............................................................................................................10
2.6.2. Social Factors..........................................................................................................................10
2.6.3. Psychological Factors..............................................................................................................10
2.7. Concepts of Health.........................................................................................................................10

CHAPTER-THREE............................................................................11
3. METHODOLOGY...........................................................................................................11
3.1 Description of the Study Area and Population.................................................................................11
3.2 Data Collection Method...................................................................................................................11
3.3. Data Collection Procedure..............................................................................................................11
3.4. Study Design..................................................................................................................................11
3.5 Population Size................................................................................................................................11
3.6 Sampling Size and Technique..........................................................................................................12
3.6.1 Questionnaire............................................................................................................................12
3.6.2 Interview...................................................................................................................................12
3.9. Methods of Data Analysis...............................................................................................................12

CHAPTER-FOUR..............................................................................13
4. DATA ORGANIZATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION..............13
Part-1 Student’s response...................................................................................................................13
4.1. Description of Students, Response to Questionnaire......................................................................13
4.2 Characteristics of Teachers (Lecturers)...........................................................................................20
4.2.1 Interpretation and Analysis of Interview...................................................................................21
4.2.2 Response on the Students’ Attitude towards Physical Activity.................................................21
4.2.4 Response on the Possible Solution for the Identified Problem..................................................22

CHAPTER-FIVE................................................................................23
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION....................................23

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 5.1 Summary.........................................................................................................................................23
5.2 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................23
5.3 Recommendation.............................................................................................................................24

REFERENCE.......................................................................................25

APPENDAX 1.......................................................................................29

APPENDAX 2....................................................................................30

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 LIST OF TABLES
Table Page

Table 4.1. Characteristics of respondent ………………………………………………....……. 13

Table 4.2. What aer your attitude respondent towards physical activity………………………...14

Table 4.3. Do you perform physical activity? …………………………………………………...14

Table 4.4. What is your interest toward physical activity? …………………………...................15

Table 4.5. Do you performance physical activity by arranging program? ……………………...15

Table 4.6. Do you think physical activity promote health? ………………………………..……16

Table 4.7. Do you think physical activity reduce hypo kinetic disease ………………………....17

Table 4.8. Do you think that physical activity has a side effect? ………………………………..17

Table 4.9. Do you read different book that show rule of physical activity …………………...…18
Table 4.10.what are the major problem you faced during practical session ……………………18
Table 4.11.Characteristics of teachers (lecturers) ………………………….……………………19

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 ABSTRACT

The main purpose of the study was to investigate study on an assessment on the role of physical
activity in the promotion of health, in case of Bonga university sport science department of
students. From 103 students of sport science, 30 were selected by using simple random sampling
techniques. Whereas through purposive sampling few sport department instructors that is 5 were
include where even this study will be conducted, data will be collected from selected sample
students and instructors through questionnaire and interview. After data will be collected, it will
be analyzed and interpreted through qualitative and quantitative methods of data analysis. As
the result of data analysis, indeed that there are the number of factors that affect to promoting
health as most of respondents replied. The main factors are shortage of materials that used in
activity, less awareness about physical activity, shortage of time, nutrition, interest to doing
physical activity. Therefore, the researcher awarded recommendation to overcome these
problems accordingly.

Key words: - Health, Promotion, Physical activity, physical fitness, hypokinetic disease.

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 CHAPTER -ONE

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of the Study

The role of physical activity of the promotion of health in world Physical activity is defined as a
regular, patterned time activity pursued to achieve desirable fitness out comes such as an
improved level of general health or physical performanceand it is one of the most important in
promoting health status of an individual and group. In past time it does not clearly known by
people, it existed it is very specific in time and place and it is also informal. Now a day it is well
known, there is various changes in perceiving its importance and its existence is all over the
world (HW Kohl III.20132)

People develop their ability in participating in different kinds of physical activity in order to
develop their muscular strength, flexibility to cope from attack of peoples, to cope from different
type of stress, to free from muscular fatigue to be free from bad habits etc. Improving the health
and fitness of people is not the responsibility of one body. It is inclusive of sport commission,
education bureau, health professional, the teacher sport education, and the society as a whole to
achieve this objective. Expertise recognize that many decisions we make regarding our life time
can greatly influence health status for example smoking cigarette or not smoking is a personal
choice that was ultimately have an impact on state of once health. (Sports med.2014 Jan)
Health or wellness emphasizes making information of a discuses and the promotion of health.
Level of wellness is directly influenced by the choices to made on yourself physical must be in a
unique position to provide leader ship to the rest of the community in achieving physical fitness.
(Sports med.2014 Jan).

Physical activity provides different role in health promotion. The benefit to be gained from
sensible physical exercise considerably outweighs the potentially adverse effects. These benefits
include improved functional ability, health and quality of life, with a corresponding decrease in
cost of health care, both for the individual and for society at large ( FC Bull .2020).

1
An international consensus statement regarding about physical activity, fitness and health
identifies six area affected by physiological efforts body shape, body strength, muscular strength,
skeletal flexibility, motor fitness, and metabolic fitness. Additional areas that benefit from
physical activity are cognitive function, mental health, and social adjustment (Bouchard et al
1994).

The role of physical activity of the promotion of health in africa Regular physical activity is
important for physical, mental, and social health and well-being across all ages. Being physically
active throughout the life course helps prevent and manage non communicable diseases (NCDs)
such as heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and many types of cancer. It also helps prevent
hypertension, overweight and obesity, and can improve overall mental health and quality of life.
In children and adolescents, physical activity is also important for bone health, growth and
development, and academic performance. Equally, across all ages, there is emerging evidence
that reducing sedentary behaviour (such as sitting) lowers the risk of cardio metabolic disease
and all cause mortality. Beyond its many health benefits, physical activity also has social,
environmental, and economic cobenefits. For example, more active transport (such as walking
and cycling) reduces the use of motorized vehicles and fossil fuels, producing cleaner air and less
congested, safer roads. Sport and active recreation can help promote physical activity for people
of all ages and abilities, and can be a key driver of tourism, employment, and infrastructure by
WHO. 2022

These days, engaging at sufficient regular physical activity strongly recommended for good
health and physical functioning. Physical activity can increase the self-confidence of the health
professionals and they would become fit for daily activities with patients. Knowing the level of
physical activity can help health care professionals to plan for physical activity programs.by
Tigist Demssew Adane, 2019

1.2. Statement of the Problem

Even through physical activities has great role in promoting the health of individuals and follow
a healthy life, there is no much focus on physical activity as a means of treatment in our country
particularly in Bonga University. days because of awareness the positive effect of the health-
related physical fitness and skill related physical fitness component much is done in this area,

2
since people concerns only the loss of weight by any means rather than its side effect. These
problems are currently has been Bonga University Students.

The main cause for promoting health is life style. Regular physical activity is the best way in
promoting healthy life style managing health through physical activity is improving other hypo
kinetic condition. Generally, there are different ways in which physical activity can play a great
role in the life of the society in promoting health.

1.3 Basic Research Questions

1. What are the factors that hinder (influence) the participation of students in physical activity
during their free time?
2. What role does physical activity play in prevention, control and treatment of hypo kinetic
diseases?
3. What type of physical activity is recommended for promoting health?

1.4. Objectives of the Study

1.4.1. General Objective of the Study

The overall objectives of this study are to assessing the role of physical activity in promotion of
health in case of Bonga University sport science students.

1.4.2. Specific Objectives

 To identify the factors that hinder (influence) the participation of students in physical activity
during their free time.
 To identify the role of physical activity play in prevention, control and treatment of hypo
kinetic diseases.
 To suggest each individual student about the value of performing physical activity for their
health.
 To identify the use of physical activity for promoting the student’s health

1.5. Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is to identify factors (obstacles) that affect Bonga University
students to involve in physical activity, helping the students to realize the importance of physical
3
activity in the promotion of health and to create awareness for the students to reducing
cardiovascular disease, obesity, fats, acute and chronic disease though exercise and practice.

1.6. Delimitation of the study

To analyze all an assessment on the role of physical activity in the promotion of health in case of
Bonga University sport science students. Second year sport science students were lack of the
minimum budget asses in physical activity and to full fill health promotion and case of physical
materials. We describe this adheres shortage of many (finance) consumption of time and
reference.

1.7. Limitation of the study

The limitation of this study was shortage of money (finance), consumption of time, lack of
references (information) about the study, shortage of computer access or computer laboratory are
the most determinant factors to hinder this study (research).

1.8. The Scope of the Study

The study was questionnaire-based study so the study was be delimitated only in questionnaire-
based study was conducted in Bonga University sport science department students because the
study will be focus on the role of physical activity in promoting health.
1.9. Operational Definitions

 Arthrosclerosis-cardiovascular disease in which the inner layer of artery walls is made

thick and irregular by deposit of a fatty substance (Thomas D. Father, (2004).
 Arthrosclerosis-the deposition of material along the arterial walls (Dale.B. Hahn (2005).
 Chronic disease-disease/illness associated with life style (Thomas. father, 2004).
 Hypo kinetic disease-a condition associated with lack of physical activity. (Dale.B.
Hahn2005).
 Hypertension-sustained abnormally high blood pressure (Thomas D. Fathy)
 Physical activity any body movement that works our muscles and was more energy than
you use when you are resting, walking, running, dancing, swimming (2004).)

4
1.10 Organization of the Study

This study is organized in five chapters. Chapter one includes introduction, statement of
problem, objective of the study and significance of the study. Chapter two is all about review of
related literature. Chapter three consists of methodology of the study. Chapter four is about how
the data is analyzed and interpreted and chapter five encompasses summery, conclusion, and
recommendation

CHAPTER-TWO

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

The main importance of the review of related literature is to provide information based on
research findings about the association between the roles of physical activity in promoting,
health. It has a great theoretical of this study. So, under it there are some related topics.

2.1. The Concept of Physical Activity

Physical activity is a voluntary movement produced by skeletal muscles that result in energy
expenditure (Surgeon General 1996report). Regular physical activity help many of the body
system function better, keeps heart disease, diabetes, and a host of other diseases and is an
ingredient for losing weight (Physical activity Guideline 2008). According to the 2008 physical
activity guidelines for Americans physical activity is a regular basis for improve the chance of
living longer and living healthier, helps protecting from heart disease and stroke, helps to prevent
the insidious loss of bone known as osteoporosis, and improve sleep. Developing research has
demonstrated that many of the benefit of exercise are mediated through the role of skeletal
muscles as an endocrine organ (Pedersen 2013).

5
2.2. The Role of Physical Activities
Peoples of all age can improve the quality of their lives and reduce the risk of developing
coronary heart disease, hypertension, some cancers and type 2diabetes with ongoing
participation in moderate physical activity and exercise Daily exercise would also enhance one’s
mental well-being and promoting healthy musculoskeletal function throughout life. Although
habitual physical activity is an attainable goal on the path of the healthier life (Centers of Disease
control and prevention (CDC, 2008) there are different ways in which physical activity can play
a great role in the life of a society. Those are health promotion, as a recreational and also as a
source of income.

2.2.1. Health Promotion

The connection between physical activity and mental health has been studied quite
extensively in young and middle-aged people, but` not in older people. Physical activity is most
typically described in terms of a specific type of physical exercise. Most work in this field to date
has taken the form of intervention studies aimed at preventing or resolving mental health
problems by means of exercise programs. At the population level there has been very little
research on the possible effect of mental health of lifelong regular exercise (Brannon and Feis
1992).

2.2.2. Physical Activity on Reducing Cardio Vascular Disease

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in many countries. There are several risk
factor associated with atherosclerotic heart diseases such as smoking, obesity and high blood
pressure WHO Jun 11, 2021 health - related cause of mortality for men and women in the U.S is
cardiovascular disease (ACSM 1990).

Meaningful cardiovascular diseases benefits may be attained with long-term participation in

cardiovascular exercise (ACSM 2006). The contribution of exercise to reducing morbidity and
mortality is apparent in many ways: positive change can be seen, for instance, in cardiovascular
efficiency, blood pressure and thrombotic tendency. And also, the disease may be reduced easily
by doing regular physical exercise. By K Pinckard · 2019

6
2.2.3. Physical Activity in Reducing in Osteoporosis
Exercise has also a role in treating osteoporosis. The general trends of most published study
finding are so consistent that the use of weight –bearing exercise is considered a standard
treatment for osteoporosis (by VH Nguyen · 2017 ·). Loss of bone mineral density, and the
directly-related increased risk of bone fracture, has considerable socio-economic implication in
western societies and Age-related osteoporosis is begins at around age 40 and continues for the
rest of the individual life span. Because of their more dramatic hormonal changes, osteoporosis is
more common in women than men (by R Cannarella · 2019 ·).

2.2.4 Physical Activity in Reducing the Frequency of Falls

Physical activity can also help to reduce the frequency of falls, which are a major cause of
broken bones and which predict difficulties not only on activities of daily living but also in the
whole life (by M van Gameren · 2022).Maintain that factors such as muscle strength,
neuromuscular coordination, postural stability, and the structural properties of bone all influence
fall frequency. (by M Tieland · 2018) mention that the most important risk factors for fall and
fall-related injuries among people are a history of one or more prior fall, cognitive impairment,
use of psychotropic drugs and hazards in home.

2.2.5. Physical Activity in Glucose Metabolism (Diabetes)

Diabetes has reached endemic proportion, affecting 170 million individuals worldwide (Stovall,
Goldstein AND Van Hafted 2005). Type 2 (maturity-onset) diabetes usually occurs after the age
of 40 and strongly associated with obesity. Glucose tolerance deteriorates with increasing age.
Regular moderate exercise appears to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in both
normal and obese middle-aged people (by SR Colberg · 2010). When insulin function starts
breaking down, the body blood sugar levels rise leading eventually to onset of “pre-diabetes” and
then type 2 diabetes. Diabetic incidence is growing among youth and adults, largely as a result of
obesity and inactivity. Regular aerobic exercises meaningfully increase insulin sensitivity and
glucose metabolism, which means the body’s cells of the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue (by
SR Colberg · 2010 ·). It is known that exercise improves the physiological control of glucose
metabolism and evidence does exist which suggest that regular aerobic exercise of at least 30

7
minutes duration3 or more times a week offers potential benefits to those elderly people with
glucose intolerance or overdiabetes (Harris 1984; Tenino 1989).

2.2.6. Physical Activity in Reducing Hypo Kinetic Disease

They are different kinds of disease which would bring death to human being. These diseases can
be treated if a person/individual/performs regular physical activity. Among the disease which
may cause death are hypo kinetic disease, diabetes, heart and back pain, obesity is the common
one. But they are treated easily by physical activity. There are three majors. (by FW
Booth · 2012) ·

2.3. Definition of Health

Health has been defined in various ways and hence there exist a number of definitions. However,
a perfect definition of health is still not settled mainly, because it is viewed in different
perspectives by different people. According to “WHO” Health is a state of complete physical,
mental and social wellbeing and merely on absence of disease (hpathy.com) home apathy –
paper/the concept of health (2006).

2.3.1. Physical Health

Physical health represents the biological state of fitness in which every cell and organ of the
body is functioning at optimum capacity and perfect harmony with the rest of the body. Physical
health is easier to understand it is characterized by normal functioning of the body organs
(hpathy.com/home/homeopathy paper/the-concept -of –health, 2006).

2.3.2. Mental Health

Mental health has been defined as a state in balance between individual and surrounding world, a
state of harmony between one self and others, persistence between relatives of other people and
that of its environment. Mental health is difficult to assess. It is certainly not merely absence of
case and is influenced by psychological factors. Mental health can also load to physical illness;
similarly, physical illness can also have to mental illness (Apathy.com/home phratry
eye-paper/the-concept of health, 2006).

8
2.3.3. Social Health
Recognize the fact that every individual is part of the society. It takes in to consideration the
social and economic condition and well-being the “whole person” in the context of his social
network, social health is defined as the quantity of an individual interpersonal ties and the extent
of involvement with community. It involves harmony and integration with the individual,
because each individual and the other numbers of the society and between individual and the
world in which we live. (Health come) home/ph. they paper the –concept of-health. (2006).

2.4. Physical Activity and Fitness Lead to Improved Health

Several biological mechanisms may be responsible for the reduction in the risk of chronic
disease and pre-mature disease associated with routine physical activity. For instance, routine
physical activity has been shown to improve body composition, enhance lipoprotein profiles,
improve glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, reduce blood pressure, improve automatic
tone, reduce systemic implementation, decrease blood coagulation, improve coronary blood
flow, augment cardiac function and enhance endothelial function. Routing physical activity is
also associated with improved physiological wellbeing.by I Robertson · Cited by 23is
particularly important for the prevention and management of cardio vascular disease, is also has
important implications for prevention and management of other chronic disease such as diabetes
as hypertension, obesity, cancer and depression, change in endothelial function may be
particularly important adaptation to routine physical activity. Endothelial days function has been
observed with aging, smoking, and multiple chronic disease states, including coronary artery
disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Regular aerobic
activity has found to improve vascular function in adults in dependent of changes other risk
factors and has been said to result in a shear-stress-mediated improvement in endothelial
function, which offers a health benefit to a number of disease states. By FW Booth ·2012.

2.5. Physical Activity in Promoting Physical Fitness

There is universally agreed up on definition of physical and of the components. A set of
attributes that people have related to their ability to perform physical activity (how key and
Frank, 2003). A set of attributes renewably respiratory and cardiovascular, relating to the ability
to perform tasks requiring energy (send man’s medical dictionary of health professions, 2001)

9
The ability to perform moderate to vigorous level of physical activity without undue fatigue and
the capability of maintain such ability throughout life (ACSM, 1998 American college of sport
medicine).

2.6. Factors Affecting physical Activity

Participation of students in different physical activities is highly influenced by different kinds of
factors. From these factors is the common oneRimmer, J. H., Riley, B., Wang, E., Rauworth, A.,
& Jurkowski, J. (2004). Physical activity participation.

2.6.1. Environmental Factors

Environment has a great influence on performing any kinds of physical activity. For example, if
the environment of a given area is it is fully impossible to adapt to such environment in
performing physical activity well may be possible for people who grow in that environment.
Throughenvironment may influencetheperformance ofanindividual.by R Maddison · 2009
2.6.2. Social Factors
Developing society, the understanding they have towards this subject is too such title. And also,
it is impossible for our society to full fill facilities of sport individual as they perform. But luck
of these facilities may reduce the interest of an individual. And also, culture and religion may
present as an individual follows for participation of students in physical activate dby GF
Aljayyousi · 2019

2.6.3. Psychological Factors

This could be understood in acquisition on different kinds of skills. Without knowing the skill
of an exercise how perform it is impossible to use/do/for his promotion of health. And also
convincing out mind as exercise (physical) performance and promote health is the best during
1960. Abraham Maslow frequently described ideal of mental health is in his book toward a need,
listed in order to decrease urgency physiological needs safely, being loved, maintain self-esteem
and self-actualization when urgent needs take priority. According to Maslow people who live at
their fullest have achieved self-actualization.by HW Kohl III · 2013

10
2.7. Concepts of Health
Health is the concerns to every individual, community state and nation and frequently has
assigned or attained global status, yet the concept of health is widely valued. The concept of
health is dynamic and it is not perceived that one way by all members of the community
including the professional groups. This need to confusion /doubt about / the concepts of
health.by D Mengistu · 2006 ·

CHAPTER-THREE

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1 Description of the Study Area and Population

The study was conduct in Bonga University, which is found in south west Ethiopia regional state
kaffa zone. It is located at Bonga town, 449km from west of Addis Ababa. Today the university
includes more than10, 571 regular students from all nation nationalities and people of Ethiopia.

3.2 Data Collection Method

Source of data for the study is primary source. Primary source will be gathered from the
respondent directly through questionnaire and interview the secondary data is concerned with the
analysis and interpretation of questionnaires.

3.3. Data Collection Procedure

First their purpose was be introduced him for the respondents after getting the willingness of the
respondents. The researcher will be described the objective of the study to the respondents. Then
questionnaire will be given to the respondents and the distributed questionnaires were collect by
the researcher.

3.4. Study Design

The study was designed to identify the role of physical activity in promoting health. Descriptive
research method will choice due to the fact that it involves collecting data to test hypothesis or
answering the leading questions related to the current status of the problem and describe the
existing condition of the problem. In general, this study involves systemic collection and
presentation of data to give clear picture of the problem.
11
3.5 Population Size
The sources of populations of the study were all sport science department students in Bonga
University. The target population which was giving the response was all total male and female of
sport science department. The total population of the study was 103Students and 13 sport science
teachers from total population of the students were 94 male and were 9 female students

3.6 Sampling Size and Technique

The researcher selects the representative for the study to obtain the relevant information from
103 total population 30 Students (respondents) were selected. Researcher will be selected simple
random sampling techniques to gain the response for this question, because 10 questions were
available to prepare for the female and male students. The researcher will be selected 24 male
and 6 Female students to participate and getting valuable response (information) 10 questions
were including paper distributed among the students to get valuable information. Also 17
questions contain paper are prepared for thirty (5) sport science teachers.

3.6.1 Questionnaire
The questionnaire was be designed to collect necessary information from sample students and
teachers. Total number of the questionnaire was 10 and also the questionnaire contains closed
ended and opened ended question. The questions were relating around the role of physical
activity in promoting health and the questionnaire were possessing12 Type of open-ended type
of questions and 5 numbers of closed ended questions.

3.6.2 Interview
The second instrument of data gathering method was interview is admitted for 5 sport teachers.
Total numbers of teachers Questions were with open ended forms so to obtain relevant
information from instructors.

3.9. Methods of Data Analysis

After the researcher gathers data through the tools of questionnaires and interview then the data
were organized and analyzed in to tables and interpretation were given at the ends of each table
analysis

12
 CHAPTER-FOUR
4. DATA ORGANIZATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

This part of the research is concerned with the analysis of and interpretation of questionnaires
and interview for students and instructors, which rose regarding study on the role of physical
activity in promoting health in the case of Bonga University sport science students.

Part-1 Student’s response

4.1. Description of Students, Response to Questionnaire

Table4.1 characteristics of respondents

No Respondents
Item Number Percentage

Male 24 80%
1 Sex Female 6 20%
Total 30 100%
2 Age 18-21 12 40%
22-25 18 60%

Total 30 100%

Source (Survey 2021)

The table shows (80%) respondents were male and (20%) of respondents were female students.
The majority of the respondents were males. Regarding the age of respondents 18-21years old
were (40%) and the rest of 18(60%) of the respondents are 22-25 years old.

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Table 4.2.Your attitudes respondents towards physical activity

Alternative Number of Percentage

respondents
Items

Positive 30 100%

What are your attitudes respondents Negative - -

towards physical activity?
Total 30 100%

Source (survey 2021)

According to the above table the majority of the respondents (100%) said positive. From this
data we can understand that the all of the students or respondents have positive attitude towards
physical activity.

Tables 4.3 the performing of physical activity

Number of
respondents
Items Alternative Percentage

Yes 28 93%

Do you performing physical activity? No 2 7

Total 30 100%

Source (survey 2021)

14
The above table show that (93%) of the respondents said that they performed physical activity
but the rest (7%) of them said that No, from this it is possible to conclude majority of the
respondents were performed physical activity.

Table 4.4 Interest towards physical activity

Items Alternative Number of respondents Percentage

What ifs your interest High 22 73%

towards physical activity?
Medium 8 27%

Low - -

Total 30 100%

Source (survey 2021)

The above table described that (73%) of the respondents respond high and (27%) of them
respond medium regarding the interest of students towards physical activity this shows that the
students had interest on physical activity.

Tables 4.5 perform physical activity by arranging program

Alternative Number of Percentage

Items respondents

Do you perform physical activity by Yes 24 80%

arranging program?
No 6 20%

Total 30 100%

Source (survey 2021)

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The above table indicated that (80%) of students replied yes there is arrangement of program for
physical activity and (20%) of them said that no concerning the program to perform physical
activity from the above information. It is impossible to concluded that most of the respondents
performed by arranging program.

Those respondents that means those respondents who that they performed physical activity by
program were also asked for how many times per week and most of them responded that a few
days per week, and the students who said no were also asked to give their reasons and most of
them replied that due to shortage of time, environmental factors, and lack of motivation.

Table 4.6 physical activity promotes health

Alternative Number of
respondents
Items Percentage

Do you think physical activity Yes 28 93%

promote health?
No 2 7%

Total 30 100%

Source (survey 2021)

The above table showed that (93%) of the respondents thought that physical activity is important
to promote health, but the remaining (7%) side do not. From this it is possible to say that
physical activity helps to promote health as the respondent response. As the same time those who
has thought physical activity do not promotes health were also asked to tell their response and
most of the respondents that during physical activity some problem like breaking lips and other
problems also occurred.

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Table 4.7 physical activity reduce hypo kinetic disease

Number of
respondents
Items Alternative Percentage

Do you think physical activity reduce Yes 24 80%

hypo kinetic disease?
No 6 20%

Total 30 100%

Source (survey 2023)

The above table showed that (80%) of students believe that physical activity could reduce hypo
kinetic disease but (20%) of the respondents give response physical activity do not reduce hypo
kinetic disease. Therefore, those students sited the following reasons one person either can or not
perform physical activity do not reduce hypo kinetic disease. This implies that hypo kinetic
disease may or may be reduced by performing physical activity.
Table 4.8 Side effects have in physical activity

Items Alternative Number of Percentage

respondents

Do you think that physical activity has a Yes 16 53%

side effect?
No 14 47%

Total 30 100%

Source (survey 2023)

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The above table showed , most of the result of the answered or responded the students (53%)
believed that physical activity had a side effect on an individual those students who responded
physical activity had a side effect are also asked to tell their response and most of them
mentioned that it reduce the time for studying, exercising energy is necessary performing
physical activity needs addition nutrient, so it cost and they also said during exercising some
emergency sudden case happened and (47%) responded physical activity had no side effect
mentioned their reason as performing physical activity makes an individual matured physically,
socially, and psychologically, promote health status by reducing hypertension and soon.

Table 4.9. Read different books that shows rule of physical activity

Alternativ Number of Percentage

Items e respondents

Do you read different books that Yes 18 60%

shows rule of physical activity
No 12 40%

Total 30 100%

The above table showed most of the result of the answered or responded the students
in18studentes is you different books that show rule of physical activity 60%read books another
student is you 12 student not read activity 40% in the result lack of time, lack awareness.

Table 4.10 the major problem you faced during practical session

Number of

Items respondents
Alternative Percentage

What are the major problem you Yes 30 100%

faced during practical session
No

Total 30 100%

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The above table showed most of the result of the answered or responded the students
in30studentes the major problem you faced during practical session 100% result the problem
practical session the environmental factor shortage of

The open- ended question raised mention the benefit of physical activity in relation to health
those students mentions different advantage of physical activity, those were:-

 Decrease blood pressure by dieting blood vessel

 Decrease stress by refreshing the mind
 Increase physical fitness which lead to decrease injuries
 Develop body building capacity
 Improve posture
 Prevent from hypo kinetic disease
 Endurance and performance incensement.
As the student, replied factors that affect students from performing physical activity were
summarized as follows.

 Shortage of materials used during physical activity

 Lack of coaches interest on the activity
 Environmental factors
 Family impact/influence
 Interest of the individuals Time constraints
 Absence as of motivation from instructors the coach.
 Lack of awareness about physical activity.

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4.2 Characteristics of Teachers (Lecturers)

No Respondents
Item Number Percentage

1 sex Male 5 100%

Female

Total 5 100%

2 Age 15-20 - -

21-25 - -

26-30 2 60%

31 and above 3 40%

Total 5 100%

Source (survey 2023)

In the above table the general characteristics of teachers are regarding sex (80%) respondents
were male and (20%) were female, the level of respondents age to shows that (60%) of
respondents age between 26-30 years old and the other were of respondents age between 31 and
above (40%) years old.

The interview was holding with five instructors of sport science department have an MSc and
……in sport science the response of the instructors was summarized as follows.

 An adequate nutritional need

 Financial in adequate
 Environmental factors
 Lack of awareness about physical activity

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  Family impact
 In available field of sport
 Interest of individuals
 Shortage of time
 Less tradition in physical exercise
 Lack of facilities
 Lack of competition among students
 Lack of government fund for the sector of the field etc.

4.2.1 Interpretation and Analysis of Interview

The interviews were held with the five instructors of sport science department. The responses of
the instructor were held with the summarizations. It was a follows.

As the interviewer, said, physical activity gave benefits to an individual. From these benefits, he
mentioned three. Physiological health related benefits, like to decrease the cause of concert
disease. To regulate blood pressure, and had social and economic value by doing exercise instead
of the economy expense to the treatment.

4.2.2 Response on the Students’ Attitude towards Physical Activity.

The respondent replied that the students knew more about physical activity due to so many
factors. As mentioned information and computer, technology (ICT) is one factor to change the
students’ attitude towards physical activity. An environmental factor also had great contribution
on the students to participate and knows in the physical activity. And addition, they knew the
benefit of regular exercise they take part in it and even advise others to take part in physical
active

4.2.3 Responses On The Factors Affecting Participation Of Students

The interviews were held with the fifteen instructors of sport science department. The responses
of the instructor were held with the summarizations. It was a follows
The interviewer suggested so many factors that affect student’s participation in physical activity.
Some of the major factors suggested that by the interviewer are summarized as follows.

21
  Facilities and equipment’s
 Culture
 Time constraints/shortage of time
 Peer factors(friends)
 Absence of motivations
 Lack of coaches interest on physical activity
 Time constraints
 Environmental factors
 Unavailable field of sport
 Family impact
 Financial inadequate
 Inadequate nutritional food

4.2.4 Response on the Possible Solution for the Identified Problem

The teachers interviewer mentioned the possible solution to increase the participation of students
in physical activity mainly focused on the promotion of the individual some of the possible
suggested by the interviewer were summarized below.
 Create awareness of students through mass media
 Give extra moral activities to the students
 Providing enough facilities and equipment’s
 Motivating students in the participation of physical exercise
 Having regular schedule for physical exercise
 The role of sport teachers including the instructors should increase and advising students
to have the habit of physical exercise.

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 CHAPTER-FIVE

5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Summary

The main objective of this study was to assess the role of physical activity in the promotion of
health in case of Bonga University sport science students. The main cause of for promoting
health is life Regular physical activity is the best way in promoting health life style managing
health through physical activity is improving other hypo kinetic condition. And basic research
questions. The main importance of the review of related literature is to provide information
based on research findings about the association between the roles of physical activity in
promoting health. The subjects of this study were Bonga University sport science students. The
number of students in sport science was 103 and 13 teachers. To select sample size based on the
questionnaire the researcher used random sampling techniques. Therefore, 30 student and 5
teacher were selected randomly and became sample. The researcher used two type of data
gathering instrument namely questionnaire and interview then the data was analyzed and
interpreted in the form of table. This part of the research is concerned with analysis of and
interpretation of questionnaires and interview for students and instructors, which rose regarding
study on the role of physical activity in promoting health in case of Bonga university sport
science students.

5.2 Conclusion

The study finding in general indicated that most of the respondents were female and the ages of
most respondents were found between 18 to 25 years old. All students had a positive attitude to
earn physical activity and most of them performed physical activity. In addition, most of the
students had interest to perform physical activities by arranging their program. Most of the
students believed that physical activity helps to promote health that performing a physical
activity could be reduce hypo kinetic disease. Majority of the respondent believed that physical
activity had some side effects in an individual. In contrary to this many of the students believed
that physical activity is advantageous and beneficial health of an individual. Through the

23
students, know the advantage of physical activity, there are some factors that affect those
students from physical activity. Some of these:

 Shortage of facilities and equipment’s

 Family influence
 Lack of motivation
 Inadequate nutritional food.

5.3 Recommendation

From the analysis of the conclusion so far the researcher like to put the following
recommendations hoping that it should be remedies for the problems investigation and should be
help improve the student performance.

 The university should motivate the students to involve in physical activity

 Create relation among the university through sport festivity
 The student should perform regular physical activity
 The community mass media should create awareness about the benefit of physical
activity
 The student should ask the concerned body to use gymnasium by less cost
 The department should create awareness on the benefits of physical activity
 The university and concerned bodies should provide sufficient amount of facilities and
equipment’s as well as prepare some recreational places and communicate each other.

24
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 APPENDAX 1

BONGA UNIVERSITY

COLLAGE OF NATURAL AND COPITITIONAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE

Questionnaire to be filled by teachers

Dear teachers: the main purpose of this questionnaire is to gather information required for the
research to be conducted in Bonga university concerning the assessment on the role of physical
activity of the promotion of health in case of Bonga university sport science student. all the
information collected will be used for researcher purpose. It is only your kind cooperation and
in order to ensure complete confidentiality, you are kindly requested not to write your name
anywhere on the questionnaire, since the success of this study depends on your response, please
read all the instruction before attempting to answer the questions and give only one answer to
each item. All your response is confidential due to there is no right or wrong answer.

Thank you in advanced for your cooperation!

Direction: -indicate your answer by putting circle and also write on the space provided.
Back ground information of the respondent.
1. Sex A. male B. Female
2. Age A. 20-25 B. 26-30 C. 31-36 D. Above 37
3. Work experience
A. 1-4-year B.5-8-year C. Above 8 year
4. Education level
A. PHD B. MSC C. BSC
5. Do you know the tools and methods used in implementing physical activity in the promotion
of health?

29
 A. yes B .no
6. How often do your physical activity in the promotion of health?
A. Daily Weekly Monthly D. termed
8. Do you include marks of practical session the final grading of students?
A. Yes B. No
9. Do you keep record of student activities?
A. Always B. Sometimes C. Never
10. Do you use deferent type of continuous physical activity?
A. Yes B. No
11. Do you use continuous physical activity in the promotion of health plan for your lesson?
A. Yes B. No
12. Are you interested on practical lesson with health benefit to field?
A yes B. No .
13. If you answer for question “12”is yes why?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
14. If your answer for question “12”is no why?
----------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. Do you believe continuous assessment is important for teaching and learning process?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
16. What are the major problem you faced while using practical session?
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------
17. What are the impacts of practical session problem on teaching and learning process?
------------------------------

APPENDAX 2

BONGA UNIVERSITY

COLLAGE OF NATURAL AND COPITITIONAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF SPORT SCIENCE

The main objective of this questionnaire is assessment on the role of physical

activity in the promotion of health in case of Bonga university sport science
students.

30
Questionnaire prepared for Bonga university sport science students

1. Character sticks of respondents Age― Sex

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------

2. What are you attitudes respondents towards physical activity?

A, positive B, Negative

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Do you performing physical activity

A, YES B, No

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. What is interest towards physical activity

A, High B, Medium C, low

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Do you perform physical activity by arranging program?

A, YES B, NO

6. Do you think physical activity promote health

A, YES B, NO

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Do you think physical activity reduce hypo kinetic disease

A, yes B, No

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. Do you think that physical activity has side effect

A, YES B, NO

31
9. Do you read different books that shows rule of physical activity A.YES B.NO
_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

10. What are the major problem you faced during practical session? A.YES B.NO
_____________________________________________________________

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