Sample Bibliographic essay

Title: Advances in Health and Medicine: A Bibliographic Essay

Introduction:

The Philippines, a Southeast Asian archipelago, has a rich history and diverse cultural heritage that
heavily influences its approach to health and medicine. This bibliographic introduction provides an
overview of the Philippines' history, beliefs, and current condition of health and medicine, offering light
on the interaction between traditional healing techniques and modern medical developments.

Colonial Adaptations in Tropical Asia: Spanish Medicine in the Philippines in the Seventeenth and
Eighteenth Centuries by Arnel E. Joven. Various features of Spanish culture and institutions, including
medical procedures, were introduced to the Philippines during the colonial period. During the
seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Spanish medicine had a profound impact on the archipelago's
healthcare system. The arrival of the Spaniards brought Western medicine to the Philippines. Spanish
doctors, known as médicos, carried their knowledge of anatomy, surgery, pharmacy, and other medical
techniques with them. They intended to create a healthcare system based on European medical
traditions. In major cities like Manila, Cebu, and Iloilo, Spanish rulers erected hospitals and medical
institutions. These institutes operated as medical education facilities and provided healthcare services to
the local community. The most important of these was the Hospital Real de Manila, which was created
in 1578 and became the country's premier medical institution. The Spanish brought several medical
plants and herbs to the Philippines, where they were grown in botanical gardens in Manila and other
towns. Local flora was chronicled by Spanish physicians and herbalists, and indigenous medical
knowledge was incorporated into their treatments.

Philippine Herbal Medicine and Traditional Philippine Medicine Handbook" by Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing.
This thorough handbook delves into traditional Philippine medicine, including the influences of Spanish
medicine on indigenous healing techniques and the incorporation of Spanish herbal treatments in the
Philippines. This research provides a history of this period in Philippine medical botany as well as a close
reading of an influential text that questions articulations of nationalism in the service of postwar
rebuilding, scientific infrastructure, and postcolonial nation-imaginings. Medicinal Plants has served as a
major reference for Philippine medical botany since its release in 1951, informing subsequent literature
from the discipline, including Co's and Gutierrez's works. Quisumbing's work was released shortly after
the Japanese occupation of the archipelago ended (1941-1945) and at the end of World War II.
Rehabilitating Botany in the Postwar Moment: National Promise & the Encyclopedism of Eduardo
Quisumbing’s 1951 Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. This research provides a history of this period in
Philippine medical botany as well as a close reading of an influential text that questions articulations of
nationalism in the service of postwar rebuilding, scientific infrastructure, and postcolonial nation-
imaginings.

Hilot: The Science of the Ancient Filipino Healing Art by Bibiano S. Fajardo, Ma. Aleli V. Pansacola. The
book is an eye opener for both the Filipino people, who can now speak proudly about their culture, and
the scientific community, who can use it as a framework to take a second look. Hilot is a solid option
that stands equal to the other therapeutic techniques in the globe for the present world and its problem
of chronic illnesses. The Filipino healing tradition known as Hilot has been passed down from generation
to generation by the Albularyo, or Filipino sages. The fact that this age-old wisdom is anchored in
science - the universal law and the natural law - is unknown to the albularyo himself, and even more so
to lay people like us.

Medical Pluralism, Traditional Healing Practices, and the Partido Albularyo: Rebuya, N. R., et al. (2020).
Challenge in Inclusion. Traditional healing is a part of Filipino culture that has been passed down through
many generations and is being practiced today, particularly in remote barrios and barangays around the
country. Traditional healers have changed their names from babaylan to albularyo, manghihilot,
mangluluop, mangtatawas, and faith healers. They have an important role in ensuring that their kapwa
(fellow) obtains the necessary health care, regardless of gender or socioeconomic class. In this context,
this study investigated the presence of traditional healers in the Partido area of Camarines Sur's fourth
district. It was discovered that an old parabulong in the Partido area is known as an albularyo, who is a
"general practitioner" who is knowledgeable in most folkloric modalities and is usually versed in the use
of therapeutic plants and spiritual/supernatural interventions. Their processes and rituals for performing
oràsyon, hilot, and himolso were discovered to be comparable, as were their common healing
accoutrements such as lana and kandilâ. Although there are contrasts and similarities in the descriptions
of their methods and procedures, the healing practices of these key informants are all based on God
with the noble aim of curing one's illnesses and helping others.

Folk Medicine and Traditional Healing: De Guzman, R. A. (2011). "Folk Medicine and Traditional Healing
in the Philippines." Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine. This article focuses into the complex tapestry
of indigenous healing methods like herbal medicine, faith healing, and rituals, emphasizing their
continuous relevance and integration into modern healthcare.

Philippine Traditional Medicine: De Padua, L. S., et al. (2014). "Philippine Traditional Medicine:
Ethnobotanical Perspectives." Ethnobotany Research & Applications. This comprehensive resource
sheds light on the Philippines' rich botanical legacy by providing insights into traditional understanding
and use of therapeutic plants.

Health System Profile: Philippines. World Health Organization. This official WHO report provides an
overview of the Philippines' current healthcare system, including key statistics, healthcare delivery,
difficulties, and improvements.
Recent Advances in Philippine Medicine: Jimenez, J. A., et al. (2019). "Advances in Medicine and Health
Care in the Philippines." Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine. This research article examines modern
medical technology, healthcare infrastructure, and public health initiatives in the Philippines,
highlighting the country's success in solving healthcare concerns.

Conclusion:

Understanding the Philippines unique healthcare ecosystem requires an understanding of the country's
history, beliefs, and current state of health and medicine. The bibliographic overview offered here
serves as a jumping-off point for further investigation into the interesting interplay between traditional
healing methods and modern medicine in the Philippines.