Economic opportunities in ground water reclamation and

treatment

Literature Review

Reclamation and treatment of groundwater are increasingly necessary to combat global

pollution and water scarcity. Advanced treatments are required to properly treat industrial and
municipal wastewater, ensure that water quality standards are fulfilled for water reuse, and
maintain public health. Conventional and advanced water treatment technologies integrate
physical, chemical, and biological processes and activities that eradicate organic matter,
metals, nutrients, settleable, suspended, and dissolved particles, as well as organic matter and
organic matter-containing compounds, from wastewater. A study was carried out by Rafael
Mujeriego and Takashi Asano (1999) which examined the potential for implementing
technical improvements and enhanced wastewater treatment reclamation and reuse since
recovered water will be valuable economically as a substitute source of water. With an
emphasis on numerous studies and research findings, this study attempts to investigate the
financial prospects connected to groundwater reclamation and treatment.
Additionally, K. Esposito et al. (2005) undertook a research to examine how water planners
go beyond structural projects and interbasin water transfers to guarantee supply into the
future in light of current and imminent stress to traditional water supply. As a result of this
process, it is becoming clear that several water-related concerns, including as stormwater
management, wastewater treatment, water supply, and water usage, must be handled as a
unified system. Alternatives to traditional water supplies should emerge from the integration
of various water resources. The viability of water reuse may be examined within a practical
framework that integrated water resources management can offer, according to the
researchers' analysis. Additionally, this study assesses the potential for water reuse to be a
strategic substitute in the management of water resources. This study is significant because it
provides insight into the primary barriers to water reclamation, which is one of the key
elements of an integrated water resources management strategy. In this study, the barriers
include those pertaining to the preservation of public health, including the consequences of
trace pollution and the constraints of traditional centralized wastewater treatment plants.
Further, a study was carried out by Khaled Obaideen et al. (2022) which aims at analyzing the
impact that wastewater treatment has on global SDGs targets of UN. The study highlights the
important role that wastewater treatment plays in achieving global SDGs and ambitions of the UN.

Furthermore, Jian Zang et al. (2021) conducted a study to investigate an innovative

decentralized water system that generated 39% of the water resources required for a higher
education institution in India that included staff and student housing by combining rainwater
harvesting with wastewater reclamation. This analysis showed that more drought-tolerant
landscaping and improved water management to fix leaks might enhance the present system's
environmental metrics by up to 52% and save operating costs by up to 23%. To evaluate the
present water system critically and identify design alternatives and prospects for optimizing
water management, this research gathered performance data.
Another study conducted by G. Wade Miller (2006). looks at the challenges faced by current
water reuse projects worldwide. These challenges include the need for creative technologies,
technology transfer, and novel applications; public education and acceptance; improved
documentation of the advantages of water reuse; lack of funding for water reuse projects;
media cooperation; and support from legislators and regulators. According to James Crook
(2015), a reclaimed water's usefulness for a given purpose based on its chemical, physical,
and microbiological qualities. Chemical components from industrial wastes released into
municipal sewage systems may have a negative impact on the biological processes for
treating wastewater and the quality of the reclaimed water that followed.
Manjari Manisha at al. (2023) carried out research to look at One new approach to the global
problems of surface water pollution and freshwater shortage is the reuse of treated
wastewater. In the severely drought-affected Kolar regions of Southern India, an innovative
large-scale wastewater recycling project was carried out to reclaim groundwater by filling
existing irrigation tanks with secondary treated wastewater (STW). The socioeconomic
effects of this extensive indirect groundwater replenishment methods are examined in this
study. Both quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques are used to adequately assess
the treated wastewater's quality and its effects on the study's surface water bodies. The study
concluded that treated wastewater that enters surface water bodies frequently fails to meet to
environmental regulations. Additionally, it found antibiotic-resistant microbes and
pharmaceutical residues in the wastewater that had been treated. It recommends continuing
water quality monitoring, enhancing treatment procedures to address the problems found, and
figuring out the best way to get rid of newly emerging pollutants such medications and
bacteria resistant to antibiotics to improve the situation. Significant gap in the analysis of the
socioeconomic benefits of wastewater recycling facilities, which is the study's objective. In
the end, the study demonstrates how critical effective wastewater treatment systems are to
safeguarding the environment and human health.
 References

Mujeriego, R., & Asano, T. (1999). The role of advanced treatment in wastewater reclamation and
reuse. Water Science and Technology, 40(4-5), 1-9.

Esposito, K., Tsuchihashi, R., Anderson, J., & Selstrom, J. (2005, January). The role of water
reclamation in water resources management in the 21st century. In WEFTEC 2005 (pp. 8621-8633).
Water Environment Federation.

Obaideen, K., Shehata, N., Sayed, E. T., Abdelkareem, M. A., Mahmoud, M. S., & Olabi, A. G.
(2022). The role of wastewater treatment in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) and
sustainability guideline. Energy Nexus, 7, 100112.

Jian Zang , Manish Kumar , David Werner , Real-world sustainability analysis of an innovative
decentralized water system with rainwater harvesting and wastewater reclamation, Journal of
Environmental Management Vol 280 ( 2021)

G. Wade Miller (2006). Integrated concepts in water reuse: managing global water needs,2006

James Crook (2015). Water Reclamation and Reuse, 2015

Manjari Manisha, Kavita Verma, N. Ramesh, T.P. Anirudha, R.M. Santrupt, Reshmi Das, M.S. Mohan
Kumar, H.N. Chanakya, Lakshminarayana Rao,. (2023). Socio-economic impact assessment
of large-scale recycling of treated municipal wastewater for indirect groundwater recharge.
journal of science of the total environment.