CHAPTER 5 REGISTERS

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6.1 Understand the concepts and applications of registers and shift
registers.
6.1.1 Classify the shift registers according to the methods
of data input/output:
a. Serial input-serial output (SISO) shift registers.
b. Serial input-parallel output (SIPO) shift registers.
c. Parallel input-serial output (PISO) shift registers.
d. Parallel input-parallel output (PIPO) shift registers.
6.1.2 Explain the applications of shift registers listed in 6.1.1
6.1.3 Interpret the operation and circuit of shift registers
listed in 6.1.1
6.1.4 Interpret the operation and application of an integrated
circuits shift registers listed in 6.1.1

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6.2 Apply the shift registers as arithmetic circuits and counter.
6.2.1 Show how the shift register is used in the following
arithmetic Applications:
a. Shift right registers as divider circuits.
b. Shift left register as multiplier circuits.
6.2.2 Illustrate the application in section 6.2.1 with the aid
of block diagram and truth table/timing diagram.
6.2.3 Show how the shift register is used in the following
counter.
a. Ring Counters
b.Johnson Counter.
6.2.4 Illustrate the application in section 6.2.3 with the aid
of block diagram and truth table/timing diagram.

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 Register is a group of cascaded flip-flops
suitable for storing binary information
momentarily.
 Registers are used in microprocessors and
digital computers under other names such as
accumulators, instruction register and
program counter, etc.
 Since each flip-flop can store one bit of
information, therefore n-bit register has a
group of n-flip-flops which can store a binary
information or data containing n–bits.

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 Shift register is a register, which is used to
assemble and store the information arriving
from a serial source.
 Logically a shift register consists of a group
of cascaded flip-flops, with the output of
each flip-flop connected to the input of the
next flip-flop.
 A common clock pulse is applied to all the
flip-flops, clocking them synchronously, thus
causing the shift from one stage to the next
stage.

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 Shiftregisters are used in various digital
systems for temporary storage of information
and for transferring the data.

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 Shift registers are classified according to
data movement:
i. Serial in, Serial out (SISO)
ii. Serial in, Parallel out (SIPO)
iii. Parallel in, Serial out (PISO)
iv. Parallel in, Parallel out (PIPO)

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 The data is shifted in and shifted out one bit
at a time
 Block diagram
 Circuit diagram

input output
DA QA DB QB DC QC DD QD
CLK CLK CLK CLK CLK

ഥA
Q ഥB
Q ഥC
Q ഥD
Q

Figure 1
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 Draw the waveform/timing diagram to shift
1101 into the shift register in Figure 1.
Solution:
Step 1: Build the truth table
DATA CLK QA QB QC QD
t0 0 0 0 0
1 t1 1 0 0 0
0 t2 0 1 0 0
Shift in
1 t3 1 0 1 0
1 t4 1 1 0 1
t5 0 1 1 0
t6 0 0 1 1
Shift out
t7 0 0 0 1
t8 0 0 0 0
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Step 2: Draw the timing diagram
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8

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 a) Draw a SISO 5 bits shift register using JK ff
b) Draw the timing diagram to show the shift
of data 11100 at the output for each ff.
Initial content is 00000.
Solution:
a) Circuit
input output
JA QA JB QB JC QC JD QD JE QE
CLK CLK CLK CLK CLK

KA ഥA
Q KB ഥB
Q KC ഥC
Q KD ഥD
Q KE ഥE
Q

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Determine the number of ff needed to construct a
shift register capable of storing :
a) 6 bit binary number
b) Decimal number up to 32
c) Hexadecimal number up to FF

 Solution:
a) n bit = n ff
6 bit = 6 ff
b) 3210= 1000002 , 6 bit = 6 ff
c) FF16= 25510 = 111111112 , 8 bit = 8 ff

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 Shift in one bit at a time, shift out all bits at a
time
 Block diagram

 Circuit diagram

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How long will it take to shift 4 bit number into
SIPO shift register if the clock is set at 10MHz.

Solution:
fin = 10MHz
1 1
T= = = 1x10-7s => 1 bit
𝑓 10𝑀𝐻𝑧
4 bit => 4 x 1x10-7s
= 4 x 10-7s
= 400ns

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 Shift in all bits at a time, shift out one bit at a
time
 Block diagram

 Circuit
diagram

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 Shiftin and shift out all bits at a time
 Block diagram

 Circuit diagram

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 Arithmetic operations
 Shift register counter
 Data format changers

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1) MULTIPLICATION BY 2
 Shift to the left
 Input bit 0 through LSB (right most bit)
 Example:
binary decimal
original number 00010110 22
1st shift 00101100 44
2nd shift 01011000 88

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2) DIVISION BY 2
 Shift to the right
 Input bit 0 through MSB (left most bit)
 Example:
binary decimal
original number 01011000 88
1st shift 00101100 44
2nd shift 00010110 22

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 Computer system will
process data in
parallel, therefore
series data from
external devices such
as keyboards, mouse
and printers need to
be converted to
parallel data

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UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver and
Transmitter) is used as an interface circuit
because it is able to convert the binary data from
serial-to-parallel or parallel-to-serial 25