rESr coDE 02120020

FORVI TP 2008189 MAY/JUM 2OO8

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION
; EIIVIRONMENTALSCIENCE
UIIIIT 1: ECOLOGY, PEOPLEAIID NATITRALRESOURCE USE

ER 02 I

hours.S0 minutes

06 MAY 2008 (p.m.)

READ THE F'OLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. DO NOT open this examination paper until instucted to do so.

2. This paper consists of llrNE questibns, THREE from each Module.

3. candidates MUST answer sIX questions, TWO from EACH Module.

Write your answers in the answer booklet provided.

The use of a silent, non-programmablg scientific calculator is permitted.

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Copyright @ 2007 Caribbean Examinations Council @.

All rights reserved.

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MODI]LE T :
I

Answer All'Y TWO questions.

: , ' ' ,'

l. ' .

Non-narrve specres are often intoduced into stable communities. Through evolution, species
develop characteristios that allow them to adapt to conditions in particular environments.

(a) Name ONE non-native species that was infroduced in the:Caribbean. [1 mark I

(b) E4plain why non-native species may be successful in new environments. Include TWO
reasons in your response. 16 marksl

(c) Outline THREE impacts on the ecosystem that may result from the inhoduction'of a non-
nativesPecies. : :' [9 marks]

(d) Explain the role of natural selection in the adaptation of species to their naturai
environment. (Include TWO points in your response.) [4 marksl

Total20 marks

ecosystem.

TABLE tr: ECOSYSTEM STABILITY II\DEX

Ecosystem

A 7

B 4

C 10
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(a) Define EACH of the following:

(r) FcosYstem .[3

marksJ

(ii) Ecosystem stabilitY [3 marksl

(iii) Species diversttY [3 marksl

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(b) (1) Which ecosystem in Table I has the GREATEST species diversity? [1 mark t
(ii) Give ONE reason to. support your answer. [2 marks]
(c) Explain how species diversity can influence ecosystem stability. (Include TWO ways in
your response.)
[8 marks]

: Total20 marks

3. (a) Figure I illustrates the cycling of matter through an ecosystem.

Figure 1. Cycling of matter through an ecosystem

'.:.

(i) Name Two decomposers and state oNE source of energy for EACH.
[4 marksl

Explain the importance of the decomposer food chain in the cycling of matter
illushated in Figure 1. [4 marksl

(b) (r) state TWo benefits ofnatural ecosystems to humans. Give an example of EACH.
[4 marksl

(il) Describe TWO ways in which human activities can disrupt the integrity ofnatural
ecosystems. [8 marksl

Total i0 marks

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MODI'LE 2

AnswerAll"Y TWO quostions.

4. (a) What is meant by 'sustain:ble development'? [3 marksl

(b) Explain how high fertility rates impact on a country's ability to achieve. sustainable
development. Inolude an appropriate example in your response. [6 marksl

(c) (r) Based on your response to a (b), suggest an appropriate fertility rate that Caribbean
countries should aim at achieving. [1 mark I

(il) Justiff your choice of fertility rate. [4 marksl

(d) (r) Describe ONE method or measure of population control that will be effective in
assisting your country to achieve the target fertility rate you suggestt
marksl

(ir) Outline the reason why the method you described in 4 (d) (1) will be effective.
[2 marks]

Table 2 presents data on world population numbers in 1990 and the estimated numbers in 2020.

TABLE 2: WoRLD POPTTLATION SIZE

More Developed Countries Le s s D evelop ed Founfu ie s

(millions) (millions)

Population in 1990 t247 4486

Estimated Population n 2020 1375 6548

(a) Calculate the estimated percentage growth iri world population attributabl.e to Less
Developed Countries between 1990 and 2020. ,:... [5 marksl
I

(b) Explain why this estimated growth in the population of Less Developed Corurtries should
be a cause for concern. 15 marks]

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(c) Describe ONE environmental impact associated with the trend in world population growth
I

,i "alculated
in 5 (a). [4 marks]
(d) Suggest an approach to mitigate the environmental impact described in 5 (c).
[6 marksl
:
.ii Total20 marks
I

::1! 6. (a) Explain how EACH of the following impacts on the rate bf growth of a population:

: (r) Culture [4 marksl

: (ir) ' Religion [4 marks]
(b) Table 3 shows the Human Development Index (HDD of two corurtries for
2007.

TABLE 3: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

Country HDI
A 0.89

B 0.38

What THREE deductions can be made regarding the relative achievement

of BOTH
countries based on their HDI presented in Table 3?
16 marksl
--]--=.-*_@l[E u"r"* fl"ara"
st'dtement r""rt srx n"i"tr i" **.1*n"*",
"t
The education of women is critical to lowering the population growth rate of
Less Developed Countries.
[6 marks]

Total20 marks

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MODULE 3

Answer AIYY TWO questions'

'i.

7. (a) Describe TWO fimctions of coral reef ecosystems in the Caribbean' [6 marksl

(b) Explain how ANy TWO human activitips impact on coral reef ecosystems
in the
marksl
Caribbean. [8

(c) Describe TWO methods for consenring coral reef ecosystems

in the Caribbean'
[6 marhsl

' ' Total20 marks

': ':
8. Figrre 2 shows how the quantities of trvo natural resources'
A and B, change over a ten-year
period.

\ I
t,
I

6 :

0
| 2 3. 4 5 6 7 u v ru
. Time/Years

oYer a ten-year period

Figure 2. The quantities of two natural resourcesr A and B,

is non-renewable'
(a) (D From the data illustrated in FigUre 2, identiff the resource which
11 mark I

(ir) Justif your response to 8 (a) (D. [7 marksl

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(b) Using suitable examples, distinguish between 'consumptive' and 'non-consurnptive''use

ofnahrral resources. [6 marksl

(c) Explain why bioprospecting is considered a non-consumptive use of natural resources.

(Include THREE reasons in your response.) [6 marksl

Total 2Q marks

l
('.)
9. (a) Identiff.TWO categories of protected areas as classified by the International Union for
the Conservation of Nature (ruC$. 12 marksl
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't.
(b) For EACH category of protected area identified in (a), state
i
ri (r) the purpose [2 marksl

(ii) the main feature. [2 marks]

(c) Explain how protected areas promote natural resource conservation. Include THREE
rolei' in yoru response.
[6 marks]
(d) Assess the effectiveness ofprotected areas in conserving nafural resources in the Caribbean.
'Ineludo4II'FIEE-isstres-associated-wittrthe-implementation-aufopoatiorrof protgcfed-_-
areas.
[8 marks]

Total20 marks

EI\D OF TEST

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