31 Medicinal Handbook

Hand Book of
Dry Land Medicinal Plants
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ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management
(g‘Vwë¶ {dœ{dÚmb¶ / Deemed to be University)
‘mboJmd (Iw), ~mam‘Vr - 413 115, nwUo

Malegaon (Kh), Baramati - 413 115, Pune, Maharashtra, India
An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institute
Hand book of Dry Land Medicinal plants
Technical Bulletin No. : 31
Hand Book of
Dry Land
Medicinal Plants
CB Harisha
Narendra Pratap Singh

‘mboJmd (Iw), ~mam‘Vr - 413 115, nwUo

February 2019
Published by
Prof. N. P. Singh
Director
Malegaon, Baramati, 413 115, Pune, Maharashtra
Authors
CB Harisha
NP Singh
Citation
Harisha, C.B. and Singh, N.P. 2019. Hand Book of Dry Land Medicinal Plants. Technical
Bulletin No.31.ICAR- National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon,
Baramati.413 115.Pune, Maharashtra (India).p.70.
Contact details
Director
Malegaon, Baramati, 413 115, Pune, Maharashtra
Tel.: 02112-254057, 254058 Fax: 02112-254056
Web: www.niam.res.in
Printed at:
Sakalp Printing Press
Indapur Road, Baramati 413 102.
Tel. : 02112-223441/39
E-mail : sakalp2009@gmail.com Web : www.sakalp.com
Preface
T
he medicinal plants or herbs lead to the thought of miraculous and supernatural
cures used in traditional system of medicine such as Ayurveda, Naturopathy, Sidda,
Unanai etc. our ancient literature not only has references of medicinal preparation
but also the plant species and their classication. As rightly said by Charka father of Modern
Medicine,there is no plant on earth which does not have medicinal value. Generally speaking
all plants provide food and all of them have one or the other medicinal properties.
India is one the world's richest source of herbal wealth. Due to varied climatic conditions and
soil types India gifted with heritage of medicinal plants. Due to indiscriminate collection of
medicinal plants from its natural sources led to become endangered and vulnerable species.
Therefore, it is duty of every human being to save the plants in natural habitat which is only
the source of diversity and also new drugs. In this view government has taken the initiative to
establish herbal gardens in every state, region, even at community level to conserve the native
medicinal plants and also to multiply the plants to make it available for commercial
cultivation. One of such herbal garden has been established at ICAR-National Institute of
Abiotic stress management, Baramati, District Pune, Maharashtra in an area of 2.0 hectare
comprising of 65 Species of Trees, Shrubs and Climbers.
In this book all the plant details with pictorial identity for identication of plants of the dry
region of the Maharashtra and also few rare species of other region also included. This book
provides information of plant species with names in different languages, economic part,
propagation method, effect on doshas as per Ayurveda, medicinal uses etc. The objective of
the book is to provide information of plant species and details of known uses and
physiological actions of the plants and their parts. This book can be used as ready reckoner to
get the information of available species for the benet of students, researchers, farmers, and
other common people who engaged in this plants
Our sincere thanks to National Medicinal Plants Board, Department Of AYUSH, Ministry Of
AYUSH, Government of India.New Delhi for providing nancial support to establish The
Herbal Garden at ICAR-NIASM, Baramati.We are also thankful to Dr. Trilochan Mahapotra,
Secretary DARE and Director General ICAR for Need felt help and support to the
organization.
18 February 2019 Authors

Narendra Pratap Singh

Director,
ICAR-NIASM
Foreword
P
lants are one of the best gift of nature earth for mankind. Plants are being used by man for
day to day needs which may include, food, bre, timber, medicine, shelter, etc. among
them use of plants as a medicine is one of the ancient skill of Indian civilizations. On
account of fact herbal drugs have no side effect, there has been a huge demand for raw medicinal
plants. In those days plants is being collected from natural source mainly forests, but today many
plant species of great medicinal properties are being rare, endangered and threatened due to
indiscriminate collection of the plants.
All the plants on earth are having one or the other medicinal properties and only few of them are
being utilized for medicinal purpose. These plants can grow even in adverse conditions such as
low moisture, excess moisture, high temperature, lower temperature, poor and rocky soils etc.
therefore these plant species suitable to different adverse conditions can be grown for reclamation
of soils by afforestation thereby ecosystem can be strengthened and balanced. Collection,
conservation of native species of plants which are rare, endangered and threatened in their region
itself is much needed. In this regard ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management is
developed the herbal garden consisting of rare and endangered and threatened trees, shrubs, and
climber species in rocky barren land which is not suitable for cultivation any annual crops. The
efforts made by the scientists of the institute to develop the waste land into a green belt are most
appreciable task.
I fervently hope that, this hand book is more useful for students, farmers, researchers regarding
identication and use of dry land medicinal trees, shrubs and climbers. I hope this herbal garden is
model for many other organizations and society for converting waste land into a diversied green
belt.
18 February 2019 Narendra Pratap Singh

Medicinal trees / plant species available at

Sanjeevini Udyan, ICAR-NIASM, Baramati
Sr. No Common name Tree species Page No.
1 Agnimantha Premnaintegrifolia 2
2 Alexandrian laurel Calophylluminophyllum 3
3 Annato Bixaorellana 4
4 Arjuna Terminaliaarjuna 5
5 Asparagus Asparagus racemosus 6
6 Beal Aeglemarmelos 7
7 Beleric Myrobalan Terminaliabellarica 8
8 Betle leaf Piper Betle 9
9 Black currant Carissa caronda 10
10 Bone setter Cissusquandrangularis 11
11 Bullet wood Mimusopselengi 12
12 Buttery pea Clitoriaternatea 13
13 Champaka Micheliachampaka 14
14 ChebulicMyrobalan Terminaliachebula 15
15 Cinnamon Cinnamomumverum 16
16 Citron Citrus medica 17
17 Citronella Cymbopogonwinterianus 18
18 Conessi Tree Holarrhenaantidysentrica 19
19 Coral tree Adinantherapawonia 20
20 Curry leaf Murrayakoenigii 21
21 Cutch Tree Acacia catechu 22
22 Eucalyptus Eucalyptus globra 23
23 Fever nut Caesalpiniabonduc 24
24 Five Leaved chaste VitexNigundo 25
25 Flame of the forest Buteamonosperma 26
26 Giloy Tinosporacordifolia 27
27 Guggal Commiphorawightii 28
28 Henna Lawsoniainermis 29
29 Indian Aloe Aloe vera 30
30 Indian oleander Nerium oleander 31
31 Iron wood Mesuaferrea 32
32 Jamun Sizigiumcumini 33
33 Jasmine Jasminumsambac 34
34 Kadamba Neolamarckia cadamba 35
Sr. No Common name Tree species Page No.

35 Khirni Manilkarahexandra 36
36 Lemon grass Cymbopogonexuosu 37
37 Lime Citrus X Latifolia 38
38 Madhunashini Gymnemasylvestre 39
39 Mahagony Swertaniamahgoni 40
40 Mahuva Maducaindica 41
41 Malabar Nut Adathoda zylanica 42
42 Neem Azadirachtaindica 43
43 Night Jasmine Nyctanthesarbor-tristis 44
44 Orange jasmine Murrayapaniculata 45
45 Pongemia Pongemiapinnata 46
46 Purging cassia Cassia stula 47
47 Putranjeeva PutranjeevaRoxburgaii 48
48 Red Physic Nut Baliospermummontanum 49
49 Red Sanders Ptreocarpussantalinus 50
50 Rosary Pea Abrusprecatorius 51
51 Sandal wood Satalum album 52
52 Sesbania Sesbania grandiora 53
53 Shamee Prosopis cineraria 54
54 Simaruba Simarubaglauca 55
55 Sita Ashoka Sarakaasoka 56
56 Soap Nut SapindusSp 57
57 Soap Pod Cassia sinuat 58
58 Star goose berry Phyllanthusacidus 59
59 Trumpet tree Oroxylum Indicum 60
60 Vetiver Chrysopogonzizanioides 61
61 Wax apple Syzygiumsamarangense 62
62 White teak Gmelinaarborea 63
63 Wood apple Limonia acidissima 64
64 Ylangylang Canagaodorata 65
65 Herbal preparations in ayurveda 66
66 Research Institutes/organizations working on medicinal and aromatic plants in 67

India
67 Glossary of Medicinal terminologies 68

Development of Medicinal Garden at ICAR-NIASM, Baramati (2.0ha)
Initial view of field before Development
Layout and pit opening and of garden into different blocks
Pits opening and filling of black soil
Plantation of various medicinal trees, shrubs, and climbers
1
Agnimantha
Family Verbanaceae
Scientic name Premna integrifoliaL.
Common name Headache tree
Sanskrit Agnimantha
Hindi Taker, Arni, Agathu
Marathi Eirani, Takali, Airana
Part used Root bark, bark, leaves
Method of propagation : Seeds

According to Rajanigantu
According to this shalokAgnimantha, jay, sreeparni, ganikarika, jaya, jayanti, tarkari, nadya and vayjanti
are the synonyms of this herb. This herb is anti-inammatory (shothnashak), hot potency (ushanveerya),
pacies vata and kapha (kaphavatahara). It is pungent (katu), bitter (tikat), astringent (kashay) and sweet
(madhur) rasa and It is re productive (deepan karma) in nature. It is best used to treat anemia (panduroga).
Effect on Doshas : It balances Vata and Kapha doshas
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

l Agnimantha means Agni means re. Mantha means churning. Its wood pieces was rubbed
with each other to generate re in ancient times
l Agnimantha is best remedy for anemia.
l Used to reduce swelling and inammation (Shothahara). Warm leaves of Agnimantha are
used to relieve severe pain.
l Agnimantha is useful for low digestive re (Agnimandya) and improves digestive re
(deepana).
l Herb is used to expel out extra waste from body (anulomana).
l Helpful in treating diabetes (premhaghna). Decoction of roots has anti-diabetic properties.
l It is used to treat haemorrhoids (arsha), cough (kasa) and asthma (swasa).
l Useful in urinary tract infection.
l Boost the immune system and purify blood (Raktashodhaka).
l Known for its analgesic properties and anti-pyretic properties (jawarghna).
l It is analgesic which kill pain (Vednasthapan).
l Decoction of root is used in painful micturition.
l Pulp of roots is given orally to treat Urticaria and other skin disorders
2
Alexandrian Laurel
Family Guttiferae
Scientic name Calophyllum inophyllum L.
Common name Alexandrian Laurel
Sanskrit Padma Keasara, Rakta Pushpa
Hindi Sultan Campa, Punnaga
Marathi Undi, Punnaga
Part used Root bark, seed oil

Bark and root of the siyoli is used for treating arthritis and rectal problems
Effect on Doshas : It balances Pitta and Kapha doshas

l Seed oil used externally to relive pain of rheumatoid arthritis, osteo arthritis and other
wounds
l Kashaya prepared from bark is used to treat diarrhoea, and dysentery
l Seed oil in small doses is used to treat dysuria (pain, discomfort, or burning when urinating)
and urinary tract infection with pus formation (pyuria)
l Bark is used in blood related disorders such as abscess, skin disorders, nasal bleeding
l Bark is also useful in pitta relate disorder such as gastritis, burning sensation etc.
l Seeds kernel yields 50-70% oil which is used as biodiesel in engines
l The timber of this species referred to a 'Bintagor' is of superior quality and is popularly traded
in South-East Asian countries.
l It has demand for carving, furniture making, boat building and ooring. It is a durable multi-
purpose timber
3
Annato
Family Bixaceae
Scientic name Bixa orellana Shrub.
Common name Annato, Lipstick tree
Sanskrit Sindhuri
Hindi Sindguriya, Latkan
Marathi Sendri
Part used Seeds and leaf

· Annatto is a natural dye yielding plant. The seed are used as natural colour.
· People take annatto for diabetes, diarrhoea, fevers, fluid retention, heartburn, malaria, and hepatitis.
· They also use it as an antioxidant and bowel cleanser.
· Annatto is sometimes put directly on the affected area to treat burns and vaginal infections and to repel
insects.
· Colour is used as Chemical ink, Coating medicines, Drugs, Dyeing, Food colouring, Hair oils, Polishes,
Poultry feed
· The annatto dye is non-toxic and is mainly used for colouring edible materials like butter, ghee, other
milk products, margarine, cheese, vanaspati, chocolates, cosmetics etc.
· Dye is also used in floor polishes, shoe polish, hair oils etc.
· Tree can be grown as ornamental, avenue tree along the roads.
4
Arjun
Family Combertaceae
Scientic name Terminalia arjuna L.
Common name Arjun
Sanskrit Darala, Indradru
Hindi Arjun
Marathi Sadaru
Part used Bark, Fruits

Kukumbh, Arjun, nadisarj, inderdru, veervariksh, veer and dhawal are various synonyms of Arjuna. Due to
its anstringent taste (kashaya rasa) and cool potency (sheet virya) it is used a cardiac tonic (hridya). It is best
used to cure chest injuries (kshata), chronic respiratory disorders (kshayhara), reduces cholesterol levels
(medohara), diabetes (prameha), useful to relieve wound and ulcers caused by kapha and pitta dosha.

· The Bark of the Arjuna tree contains calcium salts, magnesium salts, and glucosides.
· It has been used in traditional Ayurvedic herbalism Juice of its leaf is used to cure
dysentry and earache.
· Arjuna helps in maintaining the cholesterol level at the normal rate, as it contains the
antioxidant properties similar to the Vitamin E.
· It strengths the heart muscles and maintains the heart functioning properly.
· It also improves functioning of cardiac muscle.
· Arjuna is used for the treatment of coronary artery disease, heart failure, edema, angina
and hypercholesterolemia.
· Its bark power possesses diuretic, prostaglandin enhancing and coronary risk factor
modulating properties.
· It is also considered as benecial in the treatment of Asthma.
5
Asparagus
Family Liliaceae
Scientic name Asparagus racemosus L.
Common name Climbing asparagus
Sanskrit Shatamuli
Hindi Satavari
Marathi Satavari
Part used Tuberous roots
Method of propagation : tuberous roots

According to Bhavprakash nighantu
Small shatavari is rejuvenator, intellect promoter. It supports digestive re. Increases stamina. Promotes
spermatogenesis is a galactogogue. It manages vata pitta diseases and inammation.
Big Shatavar - Good for heart, intellect, rejuvenative, aphrodisiac and cold in
potency. It manages pile, ulcerative colitis and eye diseases. Both types of Shatavari are good for tridoshaj
disease, piles and managing emaciation.
Effect on Doshas : It balances Pitta and Vata doshas.

· A very potent herb to maintain the health of female reproductive system. Shatavari treats
PMS symptoms just by relieving pain and controlling blood loss, supports already balanced
female hormones
· It is extremely benecial herb in amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, leucorrhea and other pelvic
inammatory diseases.
· Supportive of male reproductive system as well. Shatavari can enhance the level of white
blood cell count.
· This herb helps to maintain healthy energy levels and strengthen the body there by supports
immune system of the body
· This herb enhances the amount of breast milk for mothers and can also be consumed by
women after hysterectomy.
· Shatavari nourishes the ovum which further increases fertility rate. The root powder is even
used in males to solve their sexual problems.
· It can bring about cooling effect and thereby lower fever, inammation and even stomach
ulcers.
· Shatavari has properties to ght against cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, E.coli and
Staphylococcus aerus.
6
Bael
Family Rutaceae
Scientic name Aegle Marmelos
Common name Apple wood
Sanskrit Bilva, Sriphal, Pootivat, Shaelpatra
Hindi Bael, Bel patra, Vili, Sriphal
Marathi Bael
Part used Bark, root, owers

Bilav, shandliya, shailush, maloor and shriphal are various synonyms of this bael. It is bitter and astringent
in taste, absorbent, rough, stimulates digestive re, aggravates pitta dosh and pacies vata kapha dosha. It has
light guna, improves digestion and has hot potency.
Effect on Doshas : Ripe fruits - Aggravate all three doshas
Unripe fruits - Balance Kapha and Vata doshas

· Its fruit is relished as a whole as well as for its chilled juice which is very good to beat the heat
in hot and scorching summers
· Leaves have anti-diabetic properties. It helps to control diabetic polyuria. It helps pancreas to
produce more amount of insulin, which controls diabetes.
· Bilva is one of the ten herbs mentioned in Dashamoola. Therefore, it can be widely used in a
anti – inammatory and pain relieving in the body.
· Problems of the female reproductive system like leucorrhoea, menstrual irregularities &
vaginal haemorrhages etc. are also relieved with the use of Bilva along with other herbs.
· It also balances pitta related disorders in the body, effective in managing ulcers and
infections.
· The ripe fruit has laxative properties and helps to treat constipation. Unripe fruit is also very
effective in treating dysentery, diarrhoea and other gastro intestinal disorders.
· Bilva helps to control functioning of heart, cardiac muscles and cardio vascular system of
body.
· Flowers relieve diarrhoea, dysentery, thirst and vomiting. Whereas, leaves relieves pain,
dyspepsia, gastritis and abdominal colic pain.
· Roots improves the digestion, prevent vomiting and balance all three doshas.
7
Beleric Myrobalan
Family Combertaceae
Scientic name Terminalia bellarica Roxb.
Common name Beleric Myrobalan
Sanskrit Vibhitak, Akshay, Karshfala
Hindi Baheda
Marathi Baheda

Aksh, karshfala, kalidrum, bhootvaas and kaliyugalya are various synonyms of this herb. It has astringent
taste and after digestion it is sweet in taste, pacies kapha and pitta dosha and possesses cooling effects and hot
potency. Bibhitaki is used in purgation therapy, cough, eye and hair problems, worm infestation and voice
hoarseness. Seed kernel is astringent in taste, narcotic, easy to digest and used to cure thirst. It is also used to
pacify kapha and vata dosha and to induce purgation therapy.
Effect on Doshas : It balances Pitta and Kapha doshas especially used for pacication of kapha
dosha

· Fruit pulp is very effective in eye nourishment, hair growth and preventing hoarseness of
voice.
· It also has mild sedative action and is also used in insomnia.
· It is laxative in nature and used in the purgation therapy.
· It is rejuvenating in nature and it is very benecial for hair growth.
· Bibhitaki is useful in hoarseness of voice, asthma, cough and common cold. It relieves
blocked phlegm and bleeding in sputum.
· Seed oil of paste of fruit is applied to swollen parts to get relief from inammation of
rheumatism.
· Seed oil of this herb is also benecial for skin disorders and premature graying of hair. It also
boosts up hair growth and helps to impart black color to hair.
· Fruit paste is also applied on eyelids to cure conjunctivitis and it is also benecial for various
eye disorders such as myopia, corneal opacity and cataract.
· It is aphrodisiac, prevents ageing and used to enhance immunity to ght against various
diseases.
8
Betel leaf
Family Piperaceae
Scientic name Piper betleL.
Common name Betel leaf
Sanskrit Tambulivalli, Bhujangalata
Hindi Nagar bel, Pan
Marathi Paanvel, Nagavela
Part used Leaves
Method of Propagation : Stem cuttings of runner shoots

According to Charaka
Tambula made of well grown betle leaf with betel nut, cardamom, camphor, clove, kankola (P. cubeba) and
nutmeg is very good for stomach problems and relives gastritis

· It is very good for improving digestion, chewing pan after food is enables food to digest
properly by producing saliva and also enzymes
· It helps to mask the bad odour due to indigestion and gastritis
· It helps to absorb excess saliva and brings about clarity of mouth
· Leaf with spices and camphor act as aphrodisiac and improves the mood
· Useful in soar throat, cough and toothache
· Leaf can be used to alleviate pain caused due to cuts, bruises, rashes, inammation
· Leaf is having antiseptic properties hence used to cure wounds by applying leaf paste
· It is diuretic in nature helps in easing urination for people suffering from scanty or obstructed
urination.
9
Black Currant
Family Apocynaceae
Scientic name Carissa carandasL.
Common name Benagal currant, balck currant
Sanskrit Karamarda
Hindi Karonda
Marathi Boronda, karonda
Part used Fruit, bark

Effect on Doshas : Ripe fruits balances Pitta and Vata doshas

· The root yield cardiac glycosides uses in heart problems. Use of fresh fruits strengthens
cardiac muscles.
· Fruit induces mobility, causes diahrrea, releases constipation
· Fruit used to thrive form excessive thirst
· Fresh juice of fruit is taken at 10-15ml improves apatite and digestion
· Stem bark consumed to treat skin diseases.
· Paste of leaves or bark is applied on wounds for its treatment
· Fresh unripe fruits used to prepare Jam, jelly and pickles
· Paste of root is applied over diabetic ulcers to cure it faster.
· Excessive use of ripen fruits may cause hyper acidity and unripe fruit may cause burning
sensation.
· Fruit is used in making pickles, eaten riped wholly.
10
Bone setter
Family Vitaceae
Scientic name Cissus quandrangularis L.
Common name Bone setter
Sanskrit Asthisamharaka, Vajravalli
Hindi Hadjod, Harjora
Marathi Nadena
Part used Stem
Method of propagation : Stem cuttings

According to Bhavaprakasha Nighantu
The paste of Asthisamharaka is used for setting of bone fractures. The extract of stem can be given in Vata
and Kapha disorders. Plant is helpful in deworming, ophthalmic defects and as an appetizer.
Effect on Doshas: It is Vatahara, Kaphahara.

· Herb is having analgesic properties which relieve pain and act as a pain killer.
· The stem extract used in bandages of bone fracture settings.
· Stem extract contains high amount of calcium and phosphorus which is essential for bones
growth
· The root extract possess central nervous system depressant activity indicated by decreased in
exploratory behaviour.
· The roots contain saponin which is having sedative property.
· Person suffering from piles should consume stem juice with honey and juice can applied on
pile mass
· It is having anti-inammatory and reduces the swelling upon application of stem juice on
affected part.
· For skin diseases consuming two spoons of juice and applying the juice on the skin is
benecial.
· It has signicant antiulcer activity by decreasing gastricsecretions and by enhancing
glycoprotein levels
· It exhibits strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity.
11
Bullet wood
Family Sapotaceae
Scientic name Mimusops elangi L.
Common name Spanish cherry, bullet wood
Sanskrit Chira pushpa, Madhugandha
Hindi Moulasiri
Marathi Elaingi
Part used Bark, fruit, owers
Method of Propagation : Seed


· Fruit is sweet contains reducing sugar such as monitol, and fatty oil having property of
cooling on the human body
· Cold infusion of ower acts as cardiac tonic and congenial for heart
· Fruit is act as good absorbent in stomach and thereby helps in diarrhoea and other stomach
problems
· Powder of dried ower and fresh juice is administered through nose (Nasya Karma) to get
relief from headache and sinusitis
· Bark decoction is used to gargling to get relief from oral cavity, loose teeth and mouth ulcers
· Cold infusion or decoction of bark is used in deworming, leucorrhea, fever and general
debility
· In case of insect bite paste of bark is applied on affected area to relief from pain due to poison
12
Butterfly Pea
Family Convolvulaceae
Scientic name Convolvulus pluricaulis L
Common name Buttery pea
Sanskrit Shankapushpi
Hindi Shankahul,
Marathi Shankavel
Part used Whole plant, root, seeds,

According to Bhavaprakash Nigantu
Shankpushpi, Shakhhava, Manglay and Kusuma are the synonyms of Shankhpushpi. It is astringent in taste,
with hot potency and is good for intellect, eye diseases and mental disorders. It is good for memory,
rejuvenation, skin glow and epilepsy, psychological disorders like hysteria, leprosy, worms and toxins.

· Important ayurvedic medicine for improving the memory and intelligence. It helps to
rejuvenate the mind
· It is used in treatment of disorders such as hypertension, anxiety, neurosis, stress, insomnia,
asthma, bronchitis, cerebral abnormalities, epilepsy, edema, urinary disorders,
constipation and very dangerous and tricky brain etc.
· Use of this herb is good to manage the problem of vertigo. This herb helps to calm the
nervous system
· It is a good herb in the treatment of respiratory complications like common cold, cough,
asthma and bronchitis.
· It helps to clear the air channels and also enhances immunity to ght against the various
viral or bacterial infections.
· It helps to provide relief in the symptoms like painful urination, swelling of urethra,
burning sensation etc.
· In males it helps to enhance sperm production and also improves the quality of sperm.
13
Champaka
Family Magnoliaceae
Scientic name Michelia champaca Linn.
Common name Golden champa
Sanskrit Shephalika, Parijatha
Hindi Champa
Marathi Son champa
Part used Flowers, Bark
Method of propagation : Seeds, Grafting, Stem cuttings

Champaka is katu, Tikta, kashaya, madhurain in rasa, hima in veerya, cures visha, krmi, krchra alleviated
vitiation of kpha, vata sara pitta
Effect on Doshas : It balances Vata, Pitta and Kapha doshas

· Flowers and bark is used for diabetics
· Used in raktapitta i.e., bleeding disorders, such as nasal bleeding, heavy periods etc.
· Cures leprosy, skin diseases, and ulcers: use of extract of the Champa tree on the skin and
wash it off with some warm water after ten minutes.
· The decoction of the bark is an antitoxic agent, expels worms and promotes the ow of urine.
· The infusion of the owers is used to give tone to the stomach,
· It check the over production of bile, cure leprosy, skin diseases, ulcers, and remove phlegm.
· It is a good remedy for cough and rheumatism.
· The dried root and root bark, mixed with curd, is useful as an application to abscesses,
clearing away or maturing the inammation.
· The dried root and root bark in infusion promotes menstrual ow and is a good laxative.
· The leaf juice is used with honey in cases of stomach and intestinal cramps, indigestion,
nausea and fever
· The volatile oil extracted from the owers used externally to treat headache, eye infections
and gout.
14
Chebulic Myrobalan
Family Combertaceae
Scientic name Terminalia chebula L.
Indian walnut/ Chebulic
Common name
myrobalan
Sanskrit Haritaki
Hindi Harad
Marathi Hirda
Part used Bark, root, fruits
Abhaya, pathya, prapathya, putana, amrita, jaya, avyatha, hemvati, vaystha, chetaki, siva, pranda,
nandini,rohini and vijya all are synonyms of haritaki. Haritaki is astringent, sour, pungent, bitter and sweet
in taste. It pacies all three dosha, it is laghu, benecial for eyes and induce purgation. The herb is used to cure
polyuria, leprosy, ulcers, emesis, edema, gout and dysuria. It acts as carminative, benecial for heartand used
to cure all diseases associated with obesity.
Effect on Doshas : It balances all three doshas

· Fruit is one of the ingredient in Triphala preparation
· Haritaki is a miraculous herb with versatile effects and this single herb is used to cure various
disorders associated with body.
· Herb helpful in cough, cold breathlessness and useful in curing fever also
· Unripe fruit of this plant is used to treat diarrhoea and dysentery. The fruit powder is used for
purgation therapy.
· It is having anti-aging properties
· Ripe fruit is used for treating ophthalmic disorders, diseases of spleen and piles.
· Fruit pulp is also rich in medicinal properties and acts as astringent to cure bleeding gums,
loose gums and ulceration of gums.
· Haritaki is very benecial herb for gastro intestinal disorders and it gives wonderful results in
splenic enlargement. It is also used to increase appetite.
· Haritaki is very effective in gout, asthma and hiccups.
· It acts as tonic for nervous system as very effective in nervous weakness and promotes power
of senses.
· Haritaki are helpful in urinary tract infections.
15
Cinnamon
Family Lauraceae
Scientic name Cinnamomum zeylanicum L.
Common name Cinnamon
Hindi Dalchini
Marathi Dalchini
Part used Bark, leaves
Method of propagation : Seeds, Grafting

The name and the properties of Dalchini are mentioned here. Tvak, Svadvi, Tanutvak and Darusita all are its
Sanskrit name. It is bitter in taste, manages Vata and Pitta. It is aromatic. Promotes Shukardhatu in the body
and complexion. It manages Dryness of mouth and thirst.

· The bark is peeled off after the trees is six or seven years old which is called cinnamon sticks.
The inner bark of tree is collected and used as spice. It is usually grounded into powder, Bark
and leaves of tree are aromatic.
· It is very good mouth freshener and reduces the tooth inammation upon keeping piece of
bark in mouth.
· It has property of reducing blood glucose level by improving insulin sensitivity in case of
diabetes.
· It is a natural remedy that provides relief in sore throat, inuenza, common cold and
headache.
· Helpful and efcient herb that can reduce the cholesterol levels and tends to strengthen the
heart muscle and thus a good herbal agent to manage congestive heart failure.
· Its application on forehead, helps in reduction of headache and migraine.
· Helps in digestion and also useful in lessening the inammation caused due to indigestion
and ulcers.
· It aids to lessen chronic inammation that is related to neurodegenerative diseases like
Alzheimer's, arkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
· Helps to boost the cognitive ability and memory of the brain
· Helps to remove acne and black heads and also a good way to relief from toothache
· It benets to reduce and maintain constant weight.
· It is good in case of insomnia, anorexia, and Paralysis etc.
16
Citron
Family Rutaceae
Scientic name Citrus medica L
Common name Citron, Wild lemon
Sanskrit Matulunga, Madiphalam
Hindi Bijoura, Bara Nimbu
Marathi Mavlimb
Part used Fruit
Method of Propagation : Seeds

According to Bhavapraksha Nigantu
Matulkanga laghu to digest, used in Kanta Shodana(throat clearing), Raktapitta (bleeding disorders),
Hrudaya Shodanam (cleanses and detoxies heart) and Deepan (improves digestion)

· It is used in Raktapitta disorders such as nasal bleeding, heavy periods etc
· Fruit rind oil used in treating headaches, muscle pain, toothache, etc
· Fruit relives excessive thirst and reduces body heat
· It is good for digestive system disorders such as constipation, colic pain, low digestion etc.
· Fruit is good for respiratory problems such as cough with sputum, cols, asthma and other
chronic respiratory disorders
· Fruit skin or rind is used as insect repellent especially mosquitos in home
· Rind is used in treating worm infection
· Used to treat anorexia i.e., mental illness where people are of low weight due to limiting their
energy intake
17
Citronella
Family Poaceae
Scientic name Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.
Common name Java citronella
Sanskrit Guchcha
Hindi Ganjani
Marathi Gawat
Part used Leaves, essential oil
Method of propagation : Slips

Effect on Doshas : It balances Kapha doshas and aggravates

· Citronella oil is a natural dewormer. It can eradicate harmful organisms (worms) from our
stomach, small intestine and large intestine, thereby treating loss of appetite.
· It is a natural detoxier that helps our body get rid of harmful toxic materials and sometimes
· The oil is diaphoretic by nature which increases sweating in our body and facilitates the
detoxication by eliminating additional fat, oil, salt, uric acid, etc.
· It also being used for healing orthopaedic problems like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis,
etc.
· It works as a natural diuretic. Regular use of citronella oil can promote the production of
urine, which ultimately accelerates the detoxication.
· The essential oil is extremely helpful in curing problems related to uid retention. It
maintains the water balance in our body
· It is a great pain reliever helps to relive from muscle pain or joint pain
· It offers calming and soothing effects for internal inammation (in digestive tract, stomach,
intestines, etc.) caused by certain drugs, alcohols, etc.
· Like all other essential oils, citronella also has strong antiseptic, anti-microbial and anti-
fungal properties
· It reduces the chances of developing infections in various internal as well as external injuries
and heals the wounds faster.
· The oil is also an effective antidepressant. It helps people get rid of gloominess and mental
fatigue. It also works as a great mood elevator.
· The oil is used commercially today by the perfumery industry, the toiletry industry in soaps,
the household products industry in aerosols, insecticides, insect repellents, disinfectants and
shoe polishes, and by the paint industry in varnish.
· Apart from its commercial uses the leaves are picked locally for avouring in soups, hotly
spiced dishes and sh dishes. They are also infused as a tea.
18
Conessi Tree
Family Oleaceae
Scientic name Holarrhena antidysenterica
Common name Conessi tree
Sanskrit Kutaja, Kalinga,Vatsa, Kurchi
Hindi Kuda, Kudaiya
Marathi Kuda
Part used Bark, seeds, leaves, owers

The names of Kuda are Kutaja, Kutaj, Kit, Vatsaka, Girimallika, Kalinga, Shakshaki,indra, Yavphal,
Virishak, and Panduindra which all are Sanskrit. It is astringent and bitter in taste and dry in nature.
Promotes digestive re and is cold in potency. It is good for piles, Diarrhea. Pitta and Kapha. Blood disorders,
cough and skin disorder.

· Kutaja herb is very useful for the treatment of dysentery caused due to amoeba.
· It is also good to be used for mal-absorption and also able to stop dysentery. Very useful in
treatment of urinary tract infection.
· Suitable and effective for disorder in the digestive system resulting vomiting.
· In charka samhita is mentioned about use of Kutaja for Arsha means bleeding piles by
keeping a check on the secretions of mucus and blood.
· It also mentioned it is usefull for treating skin diseases like scabies, ringworm, itching and
other infections.
· Stanyashodana-means useful in cleansing and detoxication of breast milk
· The seeds of this plant promote conception. Along with this these are used for toning up
vaginal tissue after delivery in women.
· It is very suitable remedy for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
· This herb is a wonderful rejuvenating agent and also boosts the immune system of the body.
· It is also used for children to kill worms in intestines since ancient days.
· Extract from the stem and bark benets positively in mouth ulcer and also treats an oral
infection.
19
Coral tree
Family Mimosaceae
Scientic name Adenanthera pavoninaL.
Common name Coralwood tree
Sanskrit Kuchandana, Tamraka
Hindi Baragunchi
Marathi Gunja
Part used Bark, leaves and seeds

Effect on Doshas : It balances Vata and Pitta doshas

· Seeds of the tree were used to weigh gold, silver and diamonds due to similar shape and size
of all the seeds and they have a narrow range in weight. Goldsmiths use the seeds in soldering
· The plant is antibacterial and haemoglutinin
· A decoction of the leaves is used in the treatment of rheumatism and gout.
· The bark is used to treat leprosy
· A decoction of the bark and leaves is used to treat dysentery, diarrhoea and tonsillitis
· The wood is used as a tonic
· The pulverized wood, mixed with water, is taken orally for treating migraines and headaches
· The bark is rich in saponins and can be used as a soap for washing clothes etc,
· The plant is a source of dyestuffs. A red dye is obtained from the shredded bark.
· The dye has been used for dyeing clothes, and is used by the Hindus of India for the sacred
mark placed on the forehead
· The red, glossy seeds are widely used as toys and for beads in necklaces and other ornaments
· It is very good avenue tree.
· Timber of the tree is used for making tools and packageing material.
20
Curry leaf
Family Rutaceae
Scientic name Murraya Paniculata L.
Common name Cuurry leaf
Sanskrit Giri nimba
Hindi Kattaneem
Marathi Kadiya Nimba
Part used Leaf
Method of propagation : Seeds, root suckers, stem cuttings

The leaves are pungent and bitter but very effective in action. It is good for fever, skin diseases and
deworming. It is effective blood purier, antidote, good for nervous, increases apatite, improves voice and
stimulates taste.
Effect on Doshas : It is Vatahara, Kaphahara and increases pitta

· Decoction of leaves controls fever and thirst
· Juice of leaves with honey controls vomiting in pregnancy
· Consumption of 10 leaves daily morning in empty stomach reduces excess fat
· Chewing of leaves improves digestion and it is also good for diabetic patients
· Tender leaves with honey, taken twice daily reduces the piles pain and burning sensation
· Fruit with lemon juice applied on the insect bite reduces irritation and burning. If applied
after boiling in milk removes insect poison
· One spoon of bark powder is taken with water is good for gastritis
· Fresh juice of leaf controls cataract if applied to the eye.
· Leaf decoction can be used in dysentery and diarrhoea
· Coconut oil prepared with curry leaves controls hair loss and premature greying.
· Decoction is good for kidney problems
21
Cutch Tree
Family Fabaceae
Scientic name Acacia catechu Willd.
Common name Cutch tree
Sanskrit Kadhira, Kantaki
Hindi Khair
Marathi Parijathka
Part used Bark, heart wood, owers


· The Khair tree signies endurance and strength.
· Khair tree is very useful in the dental problems.
· Water decoction is used for diabetics and urinary tract disorders
· It is also given in stomatis, Anaemia, Leprosy, Bronchitis, Pruritus, Diarrhoea, Polyuria.
· Its wood contains catechin, catechutanic acid and tannin. It is used externally for ulcers, boils
and eruption of the skin.
· The juice of the fresh bark is given in haemoptysis. It is used to treat painful throat and cough.
· The pale yellow mucilaginous gum exudes from the tree yield one of the beast substitutes for
true gum arabic.
· The wood extracts are used for tanning and dying Khaki.
· It is even used as the re for yagna.
· The wood of Khair is used in making the plough and the pounding log for rice.
· In any skin problems such as psoriasis, eczema, dermatitis and allergies decoction is used for
bathing and oral consumption.
22
Eucalyptus
Family Myrtaceae
Scientic name Eucalyptus globulus Labill.
Common name Blue gum eucalyptus
Sanskrit Neela niryasa
Hindi Safeda, Neelgiri
Marathi Neelgiri
Part used Leaves, oil, stem

According to Danvanthari Nigantu
It is light to digest, oily poothihara (relives bad smell), Deepana (improves digestive strength), Hrudya (act as
cardiac tonic)

· The leaves and the oil from the plant are used as medicine.
· The leaves consist of tannins which are useful in reducing inammation, relieving arthritis,
wounds and sores.
· The extract of the leaves shows anti-diabetic, diuretic and anti-tumor properties.
· The leaves are Eucalyptus oil is sued for inhalation and vapor rub for relieving and relieving
mucus congestion.
· It is helpful in relieving bronchitis, colds, sinusitis and u.
· It is used as an ointment for sprains, bruises and muscular pains.
· Eucalyptus oil is an essential ingredient in Aromatherapy managements and is used for
improving concentration.
· It is effective in relieving congested skin. The oil has anti-rheumatic, analgesic, anti-
spasmodic, antiviral, deodorant, expectorant, insecticide, stimulant and rubefacient
properties.
· Use of few drops of oil in bucket of hot water for bathing reduces the rashes during the winter
· Ointments made from eucalyptus are applied to chest and nose for relieving congestion. It
helps to loosen phlegm, so people use it for inhalation for relieving coughs, u and bronchitis.
· Gum and plaque disease: It is useful as an antiseptic as it contains cineole, which kills bacteria.
· The oil is used as an insect repellent and as per a study a lemon eucalyptus formulation will
keep the ticks away.
23
Fever Nut
Family Fabaceae
Scientic name Caesalpinia bonducella L.
Common name Fever Nut
Sanskrit Kantakikaranja, Kuberaksha
Hindi Kantakareja
Marathi Sagargota
Part used Root bark, leaf, seed

Effect on Doshas : It balances all the tridoshas i.e., vata, pitta and kapha doshas.

· Antimalarial activity - It helps to manage the symptoms like moderate to severe chills, high
fever, sweating, headache, vomiting and diarrhea which are associated with malaria.
· Anthelmintic – Anti parasitic properties of this herb are quite effective to extrude out the
helminthes and other internal parasites from body. Use if this herb is quite effective against
roundworms, tapeworms and ukes in body.
· Anti-spasmodic property - This herb suppresses spasms, and reduces muscular tension.
Smooth muscles like those that line the stomach contract without conscious control, and
cause spasms, cramps and abdominal pain.
· Anti-oxidants – Anti-oxidant properties of the herb help to neutralize the effects of free
radicals in body and reduces the oxidative stress in body.
· Anti-diabetic - This herb is packed with the Anti-diabetic properties which help to maintain
the healthy blood sugar levels in the body.
· This herb also has the properties of immunostimulant and helps in stimulation of different
components of immune system like T cell, B cell, monocytes, and macrophages.
· Leaf or seed paste is applied over hydrocele to reduce swelling
24
Five Leaved Chaste

Family Lamiaceae
Scientic name Vitex NegundoL.
Common name Five leaved chaste
Sanskrit Nirgundi, Shephalika, Sinduka
Hindi Shambalu
Marathi Nirgudi

Sambhalu and Sindhuvara are the names of nirgundi. Sambhalu is of two types- white owers and blue
owers sambhalu. Sanskrit names of white owers are sndhuvara, sindhuk, sindhuvarak. Blue owers
sambhalu are known as nirgundi, shephali and suvaha in Sanskrit.
White owers are bitter and pungent in taste and light and dry in nature. It is good for eyes and hair. It is
useful in abdominal pain, manages ama, useful in intestinal worm infestation (krumi), useful in skin
diseases, eczema, ring worm (kustha), useful in anorexia (aaruchi), and in fever (jwar).
Effect on Doshas : It balances vata and kapha doshas

· Based on ower types, there are two varieties of this plant – blue and white owered. Blue
owered plant is called nirgundi (Vitex negundo), but the white owered plant is called
siduwar (Vitex trifolia).
· It is a multipurpose and versatile herb which is used for external application in form of oil,
ointment as well as for oral administration in form of powder, leaf juice extract or water
decoction.
· It act as brain tonic and alleviates vata, therefore useful in headache, sciatica, improves
memory .It cures disorders of nasal passages and mental channels.
· It improves ventilation therefore used in Kapha dominant cough, asthma, pneumonia and
pleurisy. It cures multinodular tuberculosis.
· It is used as anupan or a main drug in typhoid and malaria fever. It cures fever, chronic rhintis
and deafness.
· Chronic Arthritis - It has analgesic property. Its leaves are boiled in water or heated then tied
over the affected part. It is useful in headache, scrotal swelling, and arthritic pain.
· It cures chronic rhinitis and arthritis.
· Menstrual Cycle - It improves menstrual ow therefore used in dysmenorrhea and obstetric
conditions.
· In case of irregular or incomplete menstrual cycle give 2 gm powder of its seeds every
morning and evening. It normalizes the menstrual cycle.
25
Flame of the forest

Family Fabaceae
Scientic name Butea monosperma
Common name Flame of the forest/ Bengal kino
Sanskrit Palaash, kinshuk
Hindi Harharsingar, saherva
Marathi Kakracha

It states that palaash, kinshuk, parn, yageyi, raktapushpa kshaarshresth, vatapoth, brahmvriksh and
samidwar all are synonyms of butea. This herb is bitter, pungent and astringent in taste and used to stimulate
digestive re. It has hot potency and used as aphrodisiac and laxative. It is used for treating bone fractures,
ulcers, abdominal tumors, vata related disorders, piles, worm infestation and anal disorders.
Effect on Doshas : It helps in pacication of vata and kapha dosha.

· External application of bark over wounds and ulcers for quick healing.
· Palaosin is a compound that is obtained from its seeds are anti-helminthic and laxative in
nature and used to cure worm infestation.
· Bark and owers are used to reduce pain in affected areas and inammation and sprain in
body.
· Gum of the tree is used to treat diarrhoea and dysentery.
· Dried owers of this tree are soaked overnight and saffron colour water obtained is used for
bathing during summers to protect children against various skin allergies and skin disorders.
· Flowers of this tree are used in the treatment of impotency and very benecial for irregular
bleeding and severe abdominal pain during menstruation.
· Decoction of leaves relieve leucorrhoea.
· Poultice prepared from leaves relieves various skin disorders like boils, pimples, swelling
and skin ulcers.
· Fruits and seeds are used in the treatment of piles and various eye related disorders.
· Acrid bark is having properties of anthelmintic, appetizing, laxative and aphrodisiac. Roots
of this herb possess analgesic and anti-fertility properties
· Flowers are blood purier and used to reduce toxins from body.
· Flower paste is applied locally to reduce swelling in arthritis, injury and sprains.
26
Giloy
Family Menispermaceae
Scientic name Tinospora cordifolia
Common name Tinospora
Amrita, Jivantika, Amritavalli,
Sanskrit
Jvaranashini
Hindi Giloy, Gudicha
Marathi Gulvela, Ambervel
Part used Stem, leaves
Method of propagation : Seeds and stem cuttings

According to Charaka Samhita
Guduchi is one main herb with bitter taste. It stimulates digestion and helps in alleviating vata and kapha
dosha. Guduchi is benecial herb to cure constipation and bleeding disorders.
According to Kaiyyadev Nighantu :
Amritha the very good for rejuvenating the body
Effect on Doshas : It balances vata, pitta and kapha dosha.

· Guduchi helps in boosting up immune system. It helps to remove extra toxins from body and
rejuvenates body.
· According to Ayurveda this herb helps to maintain balance between all necessary ailments of
body i.e. dosha, dhatu and mala.
· This herb helps to prevent body from diseases and maintain overall health.
· It is very benecial herb to relieve all type of high grade, low grade fever and other viral,
bacterial infections. Two spoons of stem juice mixed with honey before food three times a day
is effective
· In jaundice and liver disorders using 4 spoons of juice with honey everyday morning is
effective.
· Food items can be prepared from leaves are good for health.
· For diabetes taking two spoons of juice or it's decoction two times a day or eating 2-4 leaves
every morning will also help
· To improve immunity in children juice of plant stem should be given with milk.
· The herb is effective for various skin disorders like itching, burning sensation, leprosy,
redness, swelling and tenderness by taking leaf paste with mustard oil and sandalwood
· Giloy is also very benecial herb for arthritis and gout by taking juice with ginger and honey
every day twice.
· It helps to reduce high cholesterol level
27
Guggal
Family Burseraceae
Scientic name Commiphora mukul
Common name India bdellium
Sanskrit Guggulu
Hindi Guggal
Marathi Guggala
Part used Oleo-gum-resin
Method of propagation : Seeds, stem cuttings, air layers

According to Bhavaprakash nigantu
Guggulu, devdhoop, jatayu, kaushik, pur, kumbholukhlak, mahishashand palankash.
Effect on Doshas : It balances all three Doshas : Vata, Pitta and Kapha

· Guggal stem on tapping yield gum which ias called oleo-gum-resin. These reisn yields
essential oil contains gugulipid, guggulsterones, myrrhanol and alpha-camphorene.
· It is well known and popular medicine for vata disorders. Guggul is useful in the treatment
of rheumatoid arthritis, facial paralysis, hemiplegia and gout etc.
· Guggulu is useful in constipation, liver diseases, loss of appetite, piles and worms.
· It is a cardiac tonic as helps to increase haemoglobin, leucocyte count and thus enhances
blood quality and power.
· The herb is useful in chronic cough and asthma.
· This help to treat dysuria and gonorrhea.
· It increases sexual power and useful in impotency, dysmenorrhea, leucorrhoea and other
gynaecological diseases like infertility.
· Fresh guggul is very helpful in weakness and loss of weight.
· It is very good herbal remedy in obesity and diseases of vata-kapha.
· This herb also helps in digestion of oil and ghee.
· It enhances complexion and useful in many other skin diseases
· Guggulu is helpful in treatment of thyroid.
· Some ayurvedic preparations such as Yograj Guggul, Kaishore Guggul, Lakshadi Guggul,
Kanchnaar Guggul, Triphala Guggul contains guggal as main ingredient helps in reduction
of ailments like constipation, aging, cholesterol, heart problems, muscles and joint disorders
and in removal of toxins from the body.
28
Henna
Family Lythraceae
Scientic name Lawsonia inermis L.
Common name Henna, Mignonette tree
Sanskrit Madayanti, Modayani
Hindi Mehandi
Marathi Mehandi
Part used Leaf, ower and seeds
Method of propagation : Seeds, Stem cuttings

According to Danvanthari nigantu
Madayanti is light to digest, used for treating Kushta (skin Diseases), Jwara (fever), Kandu (itching),
Rakta pitta (bleeding disorder), Kamal (jaundice), Rudroga (cardiac disorders) and raktatisara

· Henna is very good herbal remedy for skin problems such as itching
· Paste of leaves applied over affected areas to get read of head ache, burning sensation and
also joint pains
· Gargling of decoction prepared from leaves to get relief from oral infections, sour throat etc.
· Powder or paste of seeds used to treat dysentery or diarrhoea and irritating bowel symptoms
· Decoction of bark is used to treat jaundice and other liver problems
· Cold infusion of ower used in treating fever
· Paste of leaves with arecanut and buttermilk is used to colour the hair, hands and body
· It is also being used to colour the fabrics of silk, wool and leather
29
Indian Aloe
Family Liliaceae
Scientic name Aloe vera (L) Burman
Common name Indian Aloe
Sanskrit Kumari, Ghrutha Kumari
Hindi Gheekanvar, Kumari
Marathi Corephad
Part used Leaves
Method of propagation : Suckers

According to Danvanthari nigantu
loe is known by many names like Grihakanya, Kumari, Kanyaka, Grithakumati and so on. Since the
leaves are long it is called Dheergapatrika (Dheerga-Long, Patrika-Leaves). It is good tonic for the eye,
used in the treatment of enlargement of liver and spleen. It can be used in the treatment of tumour and
abscess. It is good aphrodisiac. Used in the disease of skin, as blood purier and in muscle toning.
Effect on Doshas : It helps to balances all three doshas (Vata, Pitha and Kapha).

· Being a good pithanashaka acts as diuretic, analgesic and relives constipation
· It helps to stabilize blood sugar level, hence is good for diabetes.
· It gives relief from wounds and ulcers when juice applied with jeera powder. It also helps to
treat fungus, insect bites, herpes, vaginal infections and allergic reactions.
· Pulp is known for many cosmetic uses, almost all shampoos and soaps contains aloe as
ingredient. It prevents growth of acne and moisturizes the skin.
· Pulp is a biggest drug for menstrual problems
· Juice with turmeric is a good tonic liver and spleen enlargement and also for amenorrhea and
piles.
· Aloe juice with pinch of pippali and honey is good remedy for fever
· It is antiseptic, helps to kill many of viruses and bacteria.
· It helps to alkalize the body, balances acid production and treats constipation.
· It prevents kidney stones, crohn's disease and IBS.
· It also controls the levels of cholesterol and oxidative stress
30
Indian Oleander
Family Apocynaceae
Scientic name Nerium indicum L
Common name Indian oleander
Sanskrit Karavira
Hindi Kaner, Kanial
Marathi Kanher
Part used Root and owers
Method of propagation : seeds and Stem cuttings

Name and properties of white and red Karavira (Kaner) – Karavir, Svetapushpa, Satakumbha, aswamaraka
are Sanskrit name of White Kaner.
Sanskrit Name of Red Kaner is Raktapushpa, chandata, and laguda. Both red and white Kaner varieties have
bitter, pungenta nd astringent taste. These are helpful in healing of wounds and also helpful in Leprosy, Skin
Infections, itching and worms. It acts as a poison in overdose and when impure.
Effect on Doshas : It balances Kapha and Vata doshas

· It is a very good hedge plant found on the road sides and grown in the fences. Its owers
· are used to worship God especially lord Shiva.
· It can act as abortifacient: causing abortion.
· It is an efcient useful treatment in conditions like snake bites and ulcers
· It is also useful in prevention or treatment of cancer.
· It is having antibacterial, antiseptic properties hence being used in wounds and
inammations.
· It has Bradycardic effect as it can slow the heart rate.
· Induce vomiting required in certain cases.
· It is an emmenagogue which can stimulate or increases menstrual ow.
· It is good fungicide, insecticide, larvicide, antiparasitic , rodenticide.
31
Iron wood
Family Calophyllaceae
Scientic name Mesua ferrea L.
Common name Iron wood
Sanskrit Nagakesara
Hindi Nagkeasr
Marathi Nagachampa
Part used Stamens, fruits, owers

According to Bhavaprakasha Nigantu
Padmakesra i.e., lotus stamens are used as alternative to nagakesara when unavailability.
It is bitter in taste, astringent, light to digest, piercing, causes dryness

· It is national tree of Sri Lanka
· Immature ower buds of Punnaga (Calophyllum inophyllum) and Sura punnaga (naea suriga) is
also used as substitute for nagakeshar
· It is even described as one of the Srestha (Best) herb of all the rest due to its positive effects
over the human body.
· All the bleeding disorders occur due to the Pitta (heat) imbalance
· It is indicated in the bleeding disorders like piles, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia and epistaxis
because it pacies the Pitta that maintains the heat imbalance.
· Flowers relives bad odour and breath, excess sweating and relives excess heat
· It is useful in urinary track disorders
· Seed oil is externally used to relive swelling and edema
· Fresh owers of this tree are useful in skin diseases like leprosy, itching, erysipelas, scabies,
wounds and excessive sweating as it provides fragility and transparency to the skin.
· Dried owers are used in Dysentery with Mucus.
· Oil from the seeds of this tree are used in treating sores and rheumatism.
· Helps in digestion and relives 'Ama' dosha
· It produces hardest commercial dark red coloured timber
32
Jamun
Family Myrtaceae
Scientic name Syzygium cuminiL.
Common name Jamun, black plum, java plum
Sanskrit Jambu phal
Hindi Jamun, Jambol, Jambul
Marathi Jambul
Part used Fruit, seed, bark
Method of propagation : Seeds, Grafting

Jamun is sweet and sour in taste, aggravates vata dosha and it is styptic and used to pacify kapha and pitta
dosha.

· Jamun is also called "Fruit of God" and it has vast signicance in Hindu religion and
mythology.
· Jamun fruit works miraculously in diabetes. It is wonderful medicine for the sufferers of
hyperglycemia. Because it's low glycemic index maintains proper sugar level in human body.
· This fruit is rich in iron and richness of iron makes it a natural blood purier as it ensures
proper blood supply of oxygenated blood throughout body.
· It is good source of vitamin A and C and is very benecial for overall health of eye and skin.
Astringent property of this herb makes skin healthy, glowing and free from acne and pimple.
· It protects our body from the harmful effects of free radicals that are main cause of
cardiovascular disorders and good for overall heart health.
· It is also used for the treatment of lung & other problems like cough, asthma and bronchitis.
· This herb is aphrodisiac in nature and is used as tonic to generalize weakness, treating anemia
and to improve sexual weakness.
· Bark is very effective for the females suffering with leucorrhea.
· It is also very benecial for depression, exhaustion and other nervous system related
disorders.
· This herb is also very benecial in mouth ulcers and sore throat.
33
Jasmine
Family Oleaceae
Scientic name Jasminum sambac L
Common name Common jasmine/Arabian jasmine
Sanskrit Vanamallika
Hindi Chameli, mogra
Marathi Parijathka
Part used Bark, root, flowers
Method of propagation : Stem cuttings

According to Kaiyyava Nigantu
The extracts of the jasmine owers relieve headache and irritation of eyes. it is recommended in mouth
sores and caries. it is used in curing skin diseases and wounds
Effect on Doshas : Flower balances Pitta and Kapha doshas

· Flowers calm down the anxiety and also helpful in reducing headache.
· Flowers upon solvent extraction used as perfumes, agarbattis, soaps, shampoos, hair oil etc.
· Infusion of owers given in small doses to cure fever
· Fresh juice of owers dropped into eyes for treating conjunctivitis and other eye disorders.
· Paste of leaf or ower is applied over skin diseases such as scabies and itching
· Oil prepared from root and owers applied on scalp in case of dizziness, vertigo and
headache
· Decoction of leaves is used for gargling for treating mouth ulcers
· Flower and oil I shaving aphrodisiac property and stimulates the nervous system
34
Kadamba
Family Rubiaceae
Scientic name Anthocephaluscadamba(Roxb).
Common name Burflower tree
Sanskrit Dhara-kadambo, Dharakadambah
Hindi Kadam, Kadamb, Haldee
Marathi Rajakadamba, Dharkalambu

According to Vedas
Kadambika is madhura, tuvararasa, guru, ruksha in guna, sita in veerya, malstambakakara,
stanyakaphaprada and increases vata
Effect on Doshas : Flower balances Pitta and Vata

· Kadamba has its roots in the Bhagwad Gita. In North India, it is associated with Krishna,
whilst in the South it is known as 'Parvati's Tree.'Radha and Krishna are supposed to have
conducted their love play in the hospitable and sweet- scented shade of the Kadamba tree.
· Paste of leaves is applied to wounds or localized infections to reduce pain and swelling
· Decoction of bark is used to wash wounds, also dysentery and diarrhoea
· Powder of bark is given with sugar candy to treat nausea and vomiting
· Decoction of bark is used to gargle the mouth to reduce mouth ulcers, inammation of gums
and throat infection
· Fruit juice is used to reduce excessive thirst, sweating, burning sensation of the body
· Fresh juice of fruit is used to increase the milk in lactating women
· Paste of bark is applied to treat black spots and pimples
· Root decoction is used to treat urinary tract infection and renal calculi
35
Khirni
Family Sapotacease
Scientic name Manilkara hexandraL.
Common name Rayan, Khirni
Sanskrit Ksirini, Rajadan, Rajnya
Hindi Khirni. Rayan
Marathi Karani, Rajana, Ranjana
Part used Fruits, Bark

Effect on Doshas : It balances Pitta doshas

· Its bark is especially useful in treating gum problems and dental disorders such as
bleeding gums, gum inammation, sudden discharge of blood from gums
· Its tender parts are used as tooth brush
· Bark is also used to treat fever, gas, stomach disorders, jaundice, deworming etc
· Bark of tree is astringent, sweet, cooling, aphrodisiac, alexipharmic, stomachic/stimulates
digestion and anthelmintic
· They are useful in hallucinations, loss of consciousness, anorexia, bronchitis, leprosy and
vitiated conditions of pitta
· The fruit can be eaten fresh or dried
· A pale yellow oil, known as rayan oil, is obtained from the seed kernels yields 25% oil
· The bark is added to palm sugar to inhibit fermentation
· This species is often used as a rootstock for the sapota
36
Lemon Grass
Family Poaceae
Scientic name Cymbopogon winteruanus L
Common name Lemon grass
Sanskrit Bhustrina, Takratrini
Hindi Gandha truni
Marathi Hirvachaha
Part used Herb
Method of propagation : Slips

The plant is used in cardiac ailments, itching, nervous disorders, cough and fever
Effect on Doshas : It is Vatahara, Kaphahara and increases pitta
Medicinal properties and Uses

· Lemon grass oil obtained from distillation of herb is used in perfumes, soaps, hair ols,
scents, agarbattis and medicine.
· Citral present in volatile oil used in Vitamin A preparation
· Small piece of grass is added to tea preparation increases the apatite and also good for
cold and cough
· Decoction of leaf is taken with milk and sugar controls pain of dyspepsia
· Decoction of leaf with ¼ spoon ginger juice cures fever
· 4-6 spoons of decoction with pinch of pepper powder gives relief against abdominal
pain. Even use of 3-4 drops of oil with sugar also control abdominal pain
· Massage face with the oil once a week and take fomentation improves the skin
complexion
· Oil mixed with coconut oil used for massage in joint pains or in rheumatism
· 10 drops of oil in hot water for bath gives fresh feel and skin cracks will not appear
during winter
· Few drops of oil sprayed on pillow gives good relief against sleepless ness
· 3-4 drops of oil on handkerchief and smelling oftenly gives relief against cold and
cough
37
Lime
Family Rutaceae
Scientic name Citrus X Latifolia
Common name Lime, Seedless Lime
Sanskrit Nimbuka
Hindi Nimbu
Marathi Limbu
Part used Fruit, Fruit rind

Lemon destroys all kinds of worms. It is sour in taste pacies tridoshaj pains, anorexia, toxins in the body, low
digestive re, intestinal obstruction and cholera.

· The oil obtained from the fruit skin of this herb is applied on smallpox and chickenpox
· It provides smoothening effects to the skin and juice is applied to get relieve from itching.
· Fruit juice is very good remedy for kidney stones
· It recovers the sensation of taste, increases an appetite and dry features.
· It helps in secretion of digestive enzymes improving digestion.
· The topical application of fruit juice is said to be effective in dandruff.
· It is also a good appetiser, digestive, mild laxative and cholagogue, therefore, used in
various digestive ailments like anorexia, dyspepsia, vomiting, constipation, hepatic disease
etc.
· Benecial in the heart diseases, skin diseases, gout and bleeding disorders.
· It is a rich source of Vitamin C which makes it helpful in treating bleeding and spongy gums
in scurvy.
· Smelling fruit stops vomiting, cough, ailments of the throat and tumours etc.
· Intake of juice stops burning sensation in intestinal track.
38
Madhunashini
Family Asclapiadaceae
Scientic name Gymnemma sylvestre (Retz.)
Common name Antidiabetic plant
Sanskrit Mesashringi, Madhunashini
Hindi Gudmar, Gurumara
Marathi Kavali, Medhashingi
Part used Leaves
Method of propagation : stem cuttings

The juice of Meshashringi is good for cold, respiratory disorders and joint pain. It can be used in vata and
kapha disorders, eye ailments. The juice is used as an appetizer. The paste of the leaf can be applied as an
antidote in poisonous bites

· Eating leaves of madhunashini in early morning in empty stomach or drinking its
decoction controls the diabetes.
· Reduces burning sensation, neuropathy, burning sensation in eyes, gastritis.
· Its cures fever, juice of leaves with honey can be used
· It is having property of Kasa means which is benecial in a cough and cold
· Leaf paste along with coconut oil or castor oil applied on wounds for reducing
swelling
· It is useful in reducing asthma and chronic respiratory disorders
· Benecial in bleeding disorders such as heavy periods, and nasal bleeding
· For snake bite or scorpion bite leaf juice is given orally and paste made of root is
applied on bite area.
39
Mahagony
Family Meliaceae
Scientic name Swietenia mahagoni L.
Common name Mahogany, Indian cedar
Sanskrit -
Hindi Mahogany
Marathi Mahogany
Part used Leaves, Seed, Trunk

Effect on Doshas : It balances Pitta and Vata doshas

· Mahogany Seeds powder lowers cholesterol and helps to boost your immune system too.
· Mahogany Seeds help to regulate blood sugar,use of seeds in the form of tea and or taking
the powder daily lowers blood sugar levels.
· Seeds increases circulation and lower blood pressure and have anti-inammatory effects
· Mahogany Seeds are antibacterial and antimicrobial thus helping to treat malaria and other
diseases
· Mahogany Seed powder can help prevent insect bites
· Seeds are having lots of amazing antioxidants that work to ght against free radicals
· Leaves of the tree could help treat diabetes naturally
· Wood of the tree is highly valued for its timber used in furniture and xtures
· Tree is grown as avenue tree along with road sides.
· Very good shed and spreading tree for ground coverage.
40
Mahuva
Family Sapotaceae
Scientic name Madhuca longifolia L.
Common name Honey tree, Butter tree
Sanskrit Madusheetala, Madupushpa
Hindi Mahuva
Marathi Moha
Part used Flowers seeds and oil

According to Dhanvanthari nigantu
Jalamadhuka is madhu in rasa, sita in veerya, vrshay rasayana, balya vanti hara and varna nasana. It is useful
for nervous system, excessive heat, strengthens nervous sytem.
Effect on Doshas : It balances Vata and pitta doshas, but increases Kapha dosha

· The seed yield xed oil used for various skin diseases and also pain reliving formulations
· Nasal administration of ower juice used for treating headache, burning sensation of eyes etc.
· Dried owers of mahuva are administered with milk to improvement of nerve strength and
neuro muscular diseases.
· Decoction of bark of tree is given to treat irritable bowel syndrome and diarrhoea
· Fresh juice of owers is given at dose of 30 ml to treat hypertension, hiccups, and dry cough
· Cold infusion of bark or owers given to treat burning sensation of the body and intestinal
system
· Cold infusion of owers boiled with milk is benecial for patients suffering from general
debility and it improves immune system of the baody
· Fruit pulp is used in treating Raktapitta i.e., nasal bleeding, heavy periods etc.
· Fruit pulp or owers are used to improve sperm quality and also semen quantity
41
Malabar nut
Family Acanthaceae
Scientic name Ashathoda Zylanica Medicks
Common name Malabar nut
Sanskrit Vasa, Vaasaka, Simha Parni
Hindi Adalpa, Arusa
Marathi Adulsa
Part used Leaves, Root, flower, bark
Method of propagation : stem cuttings

According to Rajanighantu
Simha parni is popular cough syrup used in jaundice, fever, bronchits and tuberculosis

· Vasa herb naturally known to be very effective in the management of respiratory problems
like cough, cold & asthma etc. It is also a potent anti - microbial agent and has many cooling
properties as well.
· Root bark powdered and given with honey removes phlegm in turn cures cough in children
· Fresh juice of leaves uses with honey, ginger used for chronic cough and asthama
· Paste of leaves applied on rheumatism to cure pains
· Paste of leaves mixed with turmeric and cow urine relives pain and itching in skin diseases
· Fresh leaf juice or decoction of root cures piles or fomentation of leaf to pile mass can be done
· Flower can be used against conjunctivitis by keeping owers around eye
· 4-5 spoons of leaf juice before meals helps in reducing fat
· Use of herb is not advisable to pregnant women in rst trimester
· It is a mild sedative and used in calming of mind and to relieve stress.
· The herb is used in removal of interstitial parasites. Decoction of this herb is used in worm
infestation.
· The herb is also effective for the liver and gall bladder as well. It can positively affect bile
secretions due its pitta balancing properties, According to Ayurveda, gall bladder and liver
are the seats of Pitta energy in the body.
· Method of juice extraction: keep the leaves in steam for a while and crush to extract juice.
42
Neem
Family Meliaceae
Scientic name Azadhirachta indica A. Juss
Common name Neem
Sanskrit Nimba, Arishta, Subhadra, Neta
Hindi Margosa, Neem
Marathi Limba, Kadunimba
Part used Leaves, flower, fruit

According to Ratnakarnigantu
Tender leaves are good for vata disorders. It is used in treatment of blood and pitta disorders, eye trouble
and skin diseases.
According to Odalnigantu
Each part of the plant is medicinal and referred as panchanga meaning root, bark, leaf, ower, and fruit. It
is blood purier. It is highly antibiotic.

· Neem is major herb with anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, sedative, anti-viral and
anti-helminthic properties.
· The bark powder with coriander, ginger and cinnamon powder act against fever like malaria
and chronic fever. It is equivalent to quinine for malaria
· Children having chicken pox and measles neem leaf paste with turmeric should be applied
before bath.
· For allergy and skin diseases the patient must take decoction of bark of neem and should
apply leaf juice or oil 2-3 times daily.
· In case of jaundice tender leaf juice with honey twice a day in empty stomach is benecial
· Juice of leaves taken during early morning controls diabetics
· Neem oil or dry herb is used to neutralize various types of pests, insects, mites and ticks.
· Neem paste is applied externally to cure pimples and acne
· Cholesterol level in the blood can be reduced by consuming 4-5 leaves in the morning
· Tree is very good avenue ground cover grown in barren and problematic soile.
43
Night Jasmine
Family Oleaceae
Scientic name Nictanthus arbor-tristis L.
Common name Night Jasmine, coral jasmine
Hindi Harharsingar, saherva
Marathi Parijathka


· The owers are source of oil, orange dye used in colouring cotton, silk and Buddhist
robes.
· The plant is considered as one of the ve celestial objects and known as wish granting
tree.
· In arthritis section of the leaf juice to be given internally
· Leaf juice id good laxative and diuretic in nature
· Decoction of leaf or bark is given for curing malaria and typhoid.
· Bark decoction used to wash the scalp to remove dandruff. It is also used as disinfectant,
used to wash wounds.
· Leaf juice is very good for liver problems
· The bark powder chewed with beetle leaf, controls cough and wheezing.
· In anaemia leaf juice taken with lohabhasma gives good result.
· Leaf juice with ginger gives good result against fever.
44
Orange Jasmine
Family Rutacaeae
Scientic name Murraya paniculataL.
Common name Orange jasmine
Sanskrit Ekangi, Muramamsi
Hindi Kamini
Marathi Kunti, Kunli
Part used Leaves, root, flowers
Method of propagation : Stem cuttings, seeds


· The owers are used for scenting tea.
· infusion of leaves are used to treat diarrhoea and dysentery
· The powdered leaves are applied to cuts to promote healing; their decoction is taken
internally to treat dropsy
· The crushed leaves are made into a paste and mixed with molasses to make tablets that are
taken orally to treat joint pains; the leaves, cooked with mustard or sesame oil along with
dried ginger, are applied externally to relieve inamed joints.
· It is considered as very good analgesic, to activate blood circulation and relieve contusions
· In a study of the anti-amoebic activity of some medicinal plants used by AIDS patients in
southern Thailand, this species was classied as 'moderately active' against Entamoeba
histolitica
· The leaves are astringent, stimulant and tonic. They are used in the treatment of dropsy,
diarrhoea and dysentery. A decoction of the leaves is used as mouthwash for toothaches.
· An essential oil is obtained from the owers. It is used in perfumery. The owers are used in
the production of cosmetics
· The wood and the roots are ground into a sweet-scented powder is used as a cosmetic on the
cheeks of women.
· The tree is often too small for its wood to be commercially exploited, but the yellow
heartwood obtained from larger specimens is highly valued. The wood, even from smaller
trees, is used locally to make tool handles, walking sticks, furniture or used for turning.
· It is very good hedge plant in gardens
45
Pongemia
Family Fabaceae
Scientic name Pongemia pinnata L
Common name Indian beech, Pongemia
Sanskrit Karanja
Hindi Karanj, Dithouri
Marathi Karaja
Part used Stem bark, Seeds, seed oil

Effect on Doshas : Fruit balances Kapha and Vata doshas

· Seed oil is used as biodiesel
· Oil is used in various skin diseases such as itching, burns, eczema, psoriasis etc.
· Seeds used in urinary track disorders, piles/haemorrhoids
· Detoxies vaginal disorders and useful in uterine disorders
· It is used as krimihra i.e., removes worms
· Twigs are used to relive bloating of stomach, it also used for tooth brush in ancient times
· Helps in quick wound healing
· Seed oil is used as anti feedent for insects and used as pesticide in agriculture crops also.
· Tree is grown as avenue tree and also as in agroforestry system for green manuring
· Seeds are used to extract oil which is used as biodiesel in engines
· Tree trunk is used in making handle of agricultural tools
· Tree is very good source of green manure
· It can be grown as avenue tree along the roads.
· Tree is highly tolerant to drought, high temperature.
46
Purging Cassia
Family Fabaceae
Scientic name Cassia fistula L.
Common name Purging cassia, Golden shower
Aragvadha, Chaturangula, Rajvraksha,
Sanskrit
Shampaka, Suvarnaka
Hindi Amaltas
Marathi Bahava
Part used Bark, fruit rind, flowers

According to Bhavaprakash nigantu
Aragwadh, rajvriksh, shyampak, chaturungal, aavret, vyadighat, kritmaal, karnikaar, dhirgfal, swaranang
and swaranfal are the various synonyms of Amaltas. The properties of Amaltas are heavy, sweet, cool and
purgative. It is used in fever (jwara), heart disorders (hridroga), bleeding disorders (raktapitta), bloating
(udavart) and abdominal colic pain (shoola). Fruits of Amlatas are soft, purgative, appetizer in nature and
used to pacify kapha and pitta dosha. They are also used in leprosy (kusth roga). Best use is as
purgative and anti-pyretic.

· In India this golden shower tree is state ower of state Kerala. Flowers have religious
importance in Vishnu festival. Image of this tree is painted on Indian 20 rupees.
· According to Ayurveda, keeping the bowel clear is rst step for the maintenance of a
healthy body.
· It also helps to vitiate all three body energies that is Vata, Pitta and Kapha body energy.
· Problems of indigestion like atulence, belching, loss of appetite, feeling of fullness etc. can
be regulated.
· It is also good for cardiac problems like heartburn.
· "Ama" is a common term given to undigested food particles which ferment in the body and
release free radicals that damages cells.
· Herbal oil prepared from Amaltas is used to manage skin problems like eczema, candidiasis
and similar skin conditions.
· Aragvadha can be given in all liver and gall bladder conditions. Even in Ascites, it can be
used effectively to control abdominal distension and digestive problems associated with it.
· The herb manages blood disorders, gout, anemia and erysipelas etc problems.
· It is anti-pyretic and best used in bleeding disorders.
47
Putranjeeva
Family Putranjivaceae
Scientic name Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.
Common name Indian amulet plant
Sanskrit Sutajeevaka, garbhada
Hindi Putranjeev
Marathi Putajan
Part used Leaf, fruit, seeds

Putrajiva is hima in veerya, vrsya,increases slesma, garbhjivada (strengthens uterus and retains fetus), it
pacies pitta and alleviates daha, and trshna
Effect on Doshas : It balances Pitta, but increases Vata and Kapha doshas

· Ayurvedic classication highlighted the importance of putranjiva as one which helps in
progenation, which means decoction of seed powder is used for increasing sperm count in
male and also helps in retention of foetus in female.
· It acts very good aphrodisiac and improves vigour in both the sex
· The paste of leafs is applied over affected skin with burning sensation
· Fresh juice of leafs is used against elephantiasis and also paste is applied over affected legs.
· Cold infusion of leafs is used to treat difculty in micturition
· Seeds of the plant is made into paste used for treating eye diseases
· Leaves are helpful in reliving burning sensation of gastritis, eyes, and wounds.
· It is heavy to digest and creates constipation
· Paste of seeds applied over forehead or scalp to get relief from acute headache.
· Fine paste of seeds are rubbed with water and applied over skin allergies or rashes
· Fine paste of seed with till and jiggery is useful in treating irregular menstrual cycles
48
Red Physic Nut

Family Euphorbiaceae
Scientic name Baliospermum montanum
Common name Red physic nut, wild castor
Sanskrit Danti, Hastidanti
Hindi Danti, Hakum
Marathi Danti
Part used Fruit, leaves, root, seed oil

According to Rajanigantu :
Laghu danti is sweet in taste, have cold potency, good for both urination and purgation. It is used to pacify
kapha dosha and used to treat poisoning and inammation.
According to Charaka
For the purication of dantimool danti roots are coated in paste of pippali and madhuka. After that this mass is
wrapped in grass, tied and wrapped under the mud covering. This wrapped mass is heated to reduce the
toxicity of dantimool.

· Danti is blood purier and paste of danti roots and seeds are used to reduce edema and pain.
· Herb is having a good antipyretic properties and being used to treat fever. This herb is also
anti-inammatory and used to reduce inammation. Decoction of danti is used in pittaj
jawara.
· Roots are good laxative and highly purgative in nature. Seeds and root powder of this herb is
used to relieve constipation.
· Leaves are found to be very benecial for the sufferers of jaundice.
· Decoction prepared from leaves is used to treat asthma and bronchitis.
· Seeds are used externally as stimulant and rubefacient.
· This herb is very effective in abdominal pain, bloating and abdominal tumors.
· Roots of this herb are pungent, heating and diuretic in nature.
· It is also used in hemorrhoids, abdominal tumors and enlarged spleen.
· External use of root paste over pile mass causes reduction in pain, swelling and shrinkage of
pile mass.
· Seed oil is very effective in vata disorders such as paralysis, gout and other neurological
disorders.
49
Red sanders
Family Fabaceae
Scientic name Pterocarpus santalinus L.
Common name Red Sanders, Red Sandal wood
Sanskrit Raktachandan
Hindi Lal Chandan, Rakt Chandan
Marathi Tambada chandan, Raktachandan
Part used Heartwood

It is used against pitta and kapha disorders, useful in fever, physiological disorders, intestinal parasitic
infection etc.

· Red sanders is called as red gold due to its colour and high value wood
· Heartwood powder is made into paste and applied over face as face back for glowing skin
and to heal acne.
· Pinch of powder in glass of milk is used to give for pregnant women during 2-4 weeks to stop
unexplained bleeding.
· It improves vision, helps in eye disorders.
· Used for treating digestive tract problems, uid retention, and coughs and for blood
purication.
· Red sandalwood is used as avouring in Alcoholic beverages.
· Red sandalwood might increase the loss of body water through the urine (diuretic effect). It
might also have drying effects that may help reduce diarrhoea and break up mucus to make it
easier to cough up.
· Heartwood is used in making traditional Chinese furniture, articrafts and decorating
temples, Buddhist monuments etc
· Wood extract and essential oil used in many pharmaceuticals and herbal beauty products
such as face creams, soaps, perfumes, etc
· Dye extracted from heartwood is used in colouring cloths, art crafts etc.
50
Rosary Pea
Family Oleaceae
Scientic name Abrus precatoriusL.
Common name Indian Licorice root, Rosary pea
Sanskrit Shikadantika, Kakadantika
Hindi Gunchi, Gamanchi
Marathi Gunja, Gunj
Part used Seeds, roots


· Seeds are having strong aphrodisiac properties and works naturally to improve sexual
stamina helping in dealing with sexual disorders.
· It is highly useful for persons suffering from low sperm counts or other similar problems
related to sperm formation
· Having kapha and vata pacifying properties, gunja helps to manage digestive problems and
improves appetite and taste.
· Though in itself a very strong toxin, when used after careful purication and in regulated
doses, gunja acts as a very effective anti – toxin.
· Wound healing improves with its use and similarly gunja helps in improving texture of the
skin and hair.
· Gunja also helps strengthen immunity and provides bodily strength working as a general
body strengthener.
· Given its amazing medicinal properties, Gunja is good for managing minor cough and cold
like problems to rheumatoid arthritis, skin disorders, worm infestations, dizziness, asthma,
and excessive thirst and poisoning.
· The seed powder which is used for external as well as internal application, Gunja root is also
effective for relieving pain.
· Gunja should be avoided in children and pregnant or lactating women.
· The solvents and extract of root is anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immune
stimulatory and hepato-protective in nature
· Seed paste is used for treating poisoning of snake bites.
51
Sandalwood
Family Oleaceae
Scientic name Abrus precatoriusL.
Common name Indian Licorice root, Rosary pea
Sanskrit Shikadantika, Kakadantika
Hindi Gunchi, Gamanchi
Marathi Gunja, Gunj
Part used Seeds, roots

According to Bhavapraksh Nigantu
Chandana is tikta in taste, ruksa, laghu in property, sitala in potency, ajladana , cures sram, sosa, visa,
slesma, trsna, pitta, asra and daha
· Heartwood is best for relieving bad odour and burning sensation etc.
· Essential oil extracted by steam distillation is used in various pharmaceutical products
· Oil is used as xative in perfume industry which makes perfume long lasting
· Used as Rakta prasadan ie., puries blood, and also in nasal bleeding and other bleeding
disorders
· It is very good aphrodisiac and being used as improve the mood and vigour
· Relives tiredness, fatigue, coolant and it controls anger hence being used in many
psychological disorders such as mania, schizophrenia etc.
· It is very good diuretic in nature used for treating bladder inammation, cystitis, urethritis
etc.
· Wood Paste is used in making facial packs to cures acnes, scars, smoothening skin, gives glow
to skin,
· Used in stomach problems such as intestinal burning, gastritis, sore throat etc.
· Heartwood is used in making traditional Chinese furniture, articrafts and decorating
temples, Buddhist monuments etc
· Wood extract and essential oil used in many pharmaceuticals and herbal beauty products
such as face creams, soaps, perfumes, etc
· Sapwood is used in making garlands, idols, other home decorating items which fetches
premium prices
52
Sesbania
Family Favaceae
Scientic name Sesbania grandioraL.
Common name Agati, West Indian Tree
Sanskrit Vangasena, Agasti, Agastya
Hindi Aghastya, Agast, Hathya
Marathi Agathi
Part used Leaves, Flower

According to Rajanigantu :
Agastya, vangsen, munipushp, agasit and munidrum are various synonyms of agastya. This herb is bitter in
taste with cold potency, rough and aggravates vata dosha. It is used to pacify kapha, pitta dosha and it is best
used to cure intermittent fever, cold, cough and running nose.

· There are four types of Agathi based on colour, Seeta agatsya(white owers), Peeta agatsya
(Yellow owers), Neela agatsya (Blue owers) and Lohita agatsya (Red owers)
· The owers are bitter in taste and astringent action on the body. It can be used in fever, night
blindness, running nose, abdominal pain and all kinds of liver and spleen disorders.
· It can be used in detoxication of the body, if there is chronic toxicity due to improper dietary
patterns over a period of time.
· The leaves prove to be helpful in worm infestations and bleeding disorders like menorrhagia
and ulcerative colitis.
· Fruits or pods are very helpful in weight loss and helps to manage abdominal tumors. These
also help in improving memory and intelligence.
· Bark helps to improves low digestive power and constipation while the owers help in
treating diarrhea.
· Roots and bark of the plant are also used for external application over the body.
· Leaf juicy extract can be used as nasya to relieve kapha predominant disorders of the upper
respiratory tract and also for epilepsy.
· Root bark is applied externally to reduce pain and inammation in arthritis and gout. Paste of
red ower agastya is used in rheumatism.
53
Shamee
Family Fabaceae
Scientic name Prosopis Cineraria
Common name Indian Mesoquite, Sponge tree
Sanskrit Shami
Hindi Khejri
Marathi Shamee
Part used Bark, Leaf, pods

According to Dhanvanthari Nigantu :
Effect on Doshas : It balances Kapha doshas

· It is one of the plant in navagraha vana indicates Shani
· Medicinally it is used in various skin diseases, diseases of eyes, digestive problems and
respiratory illness.
· In Ayurveda shami plant is used for Kushtha (skin diseases)
· Granthi (cysts and tumour)
· Bala roga (diseases of children)
· Kapha pitta vyanga vikara (blemishes and hyperpigmentation due to Kapha and Pitta)
· Kasa (cough), Swasha (bronchitis and asthma)
· Arsha (piles)
· Krimi roga (worm infestation)
· Pravahika (diarrhoea) and Atisara (dysentery)
· Used in Pancha Bringa where ve herbs like Devadali, Shami, Bhrunga, Nirgundi, Sanaka are
used for bathing after curing disease. It acts as measure of disinfectant and promotes strength
· Flowers are triturated and mixed with sugar and given to pregnant women to avid
unexpected abortion
· Bark is used in treatment of rheumatism, osteo arthritis
· Young immature pods are used for making curry in Western India
54
Simaruba
Family Simarubaceae
Scientic name Simaruba galuca L.
Common name Paradise tree
Sanskrit Laxmi taru
Hindi Simaruba, Laxmi taru
Marathi -


· Leaves are used to treat cancer. It is very effective in reducing the size of the tumor.
· Simarouba bark as an effective treatment for malaria and dysentery
· Infusion of the leaves or bark is considered to be astringent, a digestion and menstrual
stimulant and an antiparasitic remedy.
· It is taken internally for diarrhoea, dysentery, malaria, and colitis; it is used externally for
wounds and sores.
· Simaruba leaves and bark have anti cancerous properties. It is being used for treating blood
cancer.
· Decoction of leaves is used to drink in early morning evening to control cancer diseases.
· It also being used for treating arthritis
· Tree can be grown as avenue tree which can give good shade and also biomass
· Seeds are used to extract oil which is used as potential biodiesel in engines
· Foliage can be used as a green manure, as a mulch material during summer months
55
Sita Asoka
Family Fabaceae
Scientic name Saraca asoca
Common name Asoca
Sanskrit Hemapushpa, Sita-ashoka
Hindi Ashoka
Marathi Ashoka

According to Rajnighantu :
This drug has astringent and bitter taste, cold potency, absorbent as used to cure wounds and ulcers of body.
It is used to pacify vata dosha and used to cure tumor, thirst, burning sensation, worm infestation,
emaciation, poisoning and various bleeding disorders.

· According to Rajnighantu this herb is used to cure heart disorders (haridyaroga), tumors
(apachi) and abdominal pain (udarshoola).
· It is very useful for the body to bring down excessive heat in the organs due to fatigue or
hormonal imbalance.
· This herb helps to regulate blood composition and stabilize blood circulation making it
optimally available to all the body parts.
· In females, it is very commonly used to regularize hormones and menstrual cycles.
· Many times combination of Aloe Vera and Ashoka is given to females to improve their
reproductive health and blood condition. Anemia which is a very common health problem in
females is also recovered with the right combination of herbs along with Ashok derivatives.
· It not only works on the uterine structures but also helps to cleanse the system. So that any
kind of microbial infestation that may be causing leucorrhea and other associated infections
in female reproductive organs can be checked.
· Ashoka is a good cardiac tonic that can act as a supportive therapy for people suffering from
hypertension, circulatory problems, edema & congestive heart failure
· Its bark has natural detoxication properties that improve skin complexion and keep the
body free from toxins inside out.
· It also has some digestive properties like bloating, atulence, burping, colicky pain in
abdomen & ascites etc. can be relieved with the use of Ashoka.
56
Soap nut
Family Sapindaceae
Scientic name Sapindus trifoliatus L.
Common name Night Jasmine, coral jasmine
Sanskrit Reethakaranja, Aristaka
Hindi Rita, Reetha, Aritha
Marathi Rinthi
Part used Fruit husk

Effect on Doshas : It balances all three doshas ie., Vata, Pitta and Kapha doshas

· Fruit husk Used to wash gold ornaments, cloths and also in hair shampoos.
· Pericarp of fruit is having scrapping properties and induces abortion in pregnant women
· Roots of the tree is used in migrane head ache and epilepsy
· Fruits are bitter in taste induces abortion and having emetic properties, expectorant,
anthelmintic properties
· Due to its anti-inammatory and antibacterial action it is externally applied on boils, scorpion
bites and lesions
· Powder of pericarp or fruit rind is used as hair shampoo which controls lice, and dandruff.
· Asanadi kashya-An Ayurveda preparation containing Reetha is used to treat diabetes,
obesity and skin diseases
· Washing gold jewellery: place the gold ornaments into the liquid of soapnut. Rub the
jewellery with soft cloth.
· It is being used for many skin problems and its water can be used as face wash.
· Mix of reetha liquid and essential oil (few drops). Stir it properly and apply the same on face.
Soapnuts are 100% natural products that can help you tackle many skin diseases like eczema,
psoriasis, black heads.
· Tree is highly drought tollerent and grow well in barren and rocky soil.
57
Soap Pod
Family Mimosaceae
Scientic name Acacia sinuata (LOUR) MERR.
Common name Soap pod
Sanskrit Amala
Hindi Shikakai, Kochi
Marathi Shikakai
Part used Fruit husk or rind, leaves


· The natural ingredients of this herb make hair softer and shine
· The antifungal properties of shikakai nourish scalp and prevent itching and dryness. Used
regularly, shikakai can cure dandruff.
· This herbs works its magic on a dry scalp by acting as a natural cleanser without washing
away essential oils.
· It is calm and soothing on an irritated head and can actually heal minor cuts and abrasions on
scalp
· Hair pack made of shikakai and soap nut can offer relief on a hot day, relieve a headache or
simply act like a soothing hair pack.
58
Star Gooseberry
Family Phyllanthaceae
Scientic name Phyllanthus acidus L.
Common name Star gooseberry
Sanskrit Ghana, Komalavalkala, Lavali
Hindi Chaimeri, Chalmeri
Marathi Avil
Part used Fruits


· The root is an active purgative. An infusion of the root is taken to alleviate asthma
· An extract from the root is used to cure skin diseases especially to bring relief from itching
· The leaves are used as one of the ingredients in a Thai remedy to control fevers
· A leaf decoction is applied to urticarial
· An infusion of the leaves is used as a dieting aid for people who are dieting and wish to
remain slim
· The latex is credited with emetic and purgative activity
· The bark is heated with coconut oil and spread on eruptions on feet and hands
· A decoction of the bark is used to treat bronchial catarrh
· The fruit is used as a laxative. They are also taken as a liver tonic to enrich the blood
· The juice of the fruit is instilled in the eyes to treat eye-troubles
· An extract from the plant has shown nematicidal activity against the pine wood nematode
· The mature fruits may be eaten fresh but usually they are sprinkled with salt to neutralize the
acidity
· Rich in vitamin C with a very acid avour, it is more usually used in relishes or chutneys, or
cooked as a avouring in desserts
59
Trumpet Flower
Family Bignoniaceae
Scientic name Oroxylum indicumL
Common name Indian trumpet ower
Sanskrit Shyonak
Hindi Sonapatha
Marathi Tentu
Part used Bark, fruit, seed

According to Bhavaprakash Nigantu :
Aralu, Shyonak, Nat, Katvanga, Tuntuka, Mandukaparna, Patrorna, Sukanasa,Dirghavrinta, Aralu,
Prithu Shimba and Katammar all are Sanskrit names of Sona Patha. It promotes digestive re. It is
astringent, bitter in taste and pungent after digestion. It manages all three doshas vata, pitta and kapha.
Charak has prescribed Shyonak as antiseptic, astringent and recommended for non-healing ulcers, female
disorders and dysentery.

· Shyonak leaves are emollient containing anthraquinone and aloe-emodin
· Decoction of its leaves have good use internally to increase appetite
· The decoction of its root is useful against diarrhoea and dysentery
· The root is even found useful in rheumatoid arthritis, cough, cold and fever
· The seeds of this plant contain a purgative agent that makes it to be an effective remedy for
constipation
· Paste of seed when applied can treat boils, wounds and other skin diseases
· Paste of bark applied on neck and throat area for quick relief of tonsil pain
· Fruit is very good for skin, cleansing the wounds and it also detoxies the blood
· Fruit is useful in gynecological disorders and even in case of childhood psychological
disorders.
· Fruit is benecial for Heart problems.
60
Vetiver
Family Poaceae
Scientic name Vetiveria zizanioidesL.
Common name Vettiver, Khus grass
Sanskrit Ushira, Amrnala, Valaka
Hindi Khus, Khas
Marathi Vala
Part used Root, root oil
Method of propagation : slips

According to Bhavprakash Nighantu :
It states the names and properties of Ushira. There is a root of viran name grass which is known as khus. It is
known as usher, nalad, amritaal, sevya and samagandhika.
It is digestive, cold in potency and stops bleeding. It is light, bitter and sweat in taste. It is good for fever,
vomiting, addiction, kapha pitta diseases, blood impurities, toxins, heat in the body, skin diseases, difculties
in urination and wounds.
Effect on Doshas : It balances Vata and Pitta doshas

· Few root bits or root powder is added into drinking water. It can reduce thirst and also
· It is used as blood purier, so helps to reduce extra water from blood and plays cardio
protective role.
· The herb is helpful in treating disorders like epistaxis and diaphoresis.
· Vettiver helps to manage acid production, gastric secretions and strengthens the stomach.
Therefore it is used in treatment of 'Ama’
· It is helpful in curing digestive problems like indigestion, appetite and acidity.
· This herb treats the problems of anorexia, diarrhoea and fever.
· It is very useful in treating respiratory disorders like asthma, hiccups and cough.
· Ushira is nerve relaxant, helps to calm and strengthen brain and nerves.
· The volatile oil is benecial in improving skin glow and texture.
· Oil is used as xative in many perfume preparations
· Root is used in making hats, window curtains which can lower the temperature and also give
ne aroma upon adding water
· Vettiver oil used for external application for treating rheumatism, sprains and arthritis
61
Wax Apple
Family Myrtaceae
Scientic name Syzygium samarangenseL.
Common name Java apple, Wax apple
Sanskrit Ksirini, Rajadan, Rajnya
Hindi Jamrul
Marathi Jambhul
Part used Fruits
FMethod of propagation : Seeds

Effect on Doshas : It balances Kapha and Pitta doshas

· Rose apples are rich in vitamin C, dietary ber, vitamin A, calcium, thiamin, niacin, iron,
sulfur, and potassium.
· In terms of organic compounds, rose apples contain jambosine, betulinic acid, and
friedelolactone
· Jambosine is a type of alkaloid, found in wax apples, that has shown promising results in
blocking or regulating the conversion of starch into sugar
· The ber and nutrient combination in rose apples have shown signicant effects on
cholesterol levels, leading to a lower risk of atherosclerosis, thereby preventing
cardiovascular complications like heart attacks, strokes, and coronary heart diseases
· Fruits help to relieve constipation and other health problems. In addition, the seeds of the rose
apples have been used for preventing diarrhoea and dysentery
· Decoction is used as a diuretic substance thereby helpful in removing toxins from the liver
and kidney
· Applying the juice of rose apple on face can help in balancing the oil production and serve as a
hydrating mask.
62
White Teak
Family Verbinaceae
Scientic name Gmelina arborea
Common name White teak/ goomar teak
Sanskrit Gambhari
Hindi Gambhara
Marathi Shivana

According to Bhavprakash Nigantu :
The name and the properties of Gambhari are Gambhari, Bhadraparni, Shriparni, Madhuparnika, Kasmiri,
Kashmari, Hora, Kashmarya, Pitharohini, Madhu rasa and Mahakusumika all are Sanskrit names of
Gambhari. It is sweet, astringent, bitter in taste with hot potency and heavy in nature. It promotes digestive
re and is a purgative. It manages vertigo, inammation, vata disorders, pain, piles, fever, heat and toxins.
Effect on Doshas : It balances vata and Pitta doshas

· It is one of the components of Dashamoola preparartion
· Helpful herb to improve digestion and absorption in the body.
· Useful in maintaining the normal blood pressure level.
· It is used in improving brain functioning and it has feature to improve intelligence.
· Natural anti-aging agent.
· Its properties improve the quantity and quality of semen.
· One of the useful herb which has features to increase milk secretion in the lactating mothers.
· Fruit is also efcient in nourishing hair and promotes the growth of hair.
· The fruit used in bleeding disorders like nasal bleeding, heavy periods, etc.
· External application of the paste of the leaves on the forehead lessens the headache, especially
in fever.
· Root and Bark are benecial herbal agent in hallucination, piles, abdominal pain, burning
sensations, fever, tridoshas diseases and urinary infection.
63
Wood apple
Family Rutaceae
Scientic name Feronia limoniaL
Common name Wood apple, Elephant apple
Sanskrit Gandhphala, Dantaphala, Kapitha
Hindi Katbhel, Kaitha
Marathi Kavath, Kauth
Part used Fruit, ower, root

According to Bhavaprakash Nigantu :
It is madhura and sour in taste, heavy to digest, slimy in nature, undergoes sweet after digestion, cold in
potency and Vatapitta shamaka
Effect on Doshas : It balances Pitta and Vata doshas

· Fresh Juice of unripe fruit is given to treat to improve apatite, taste, and anorexia
· Fresh juice of ripened fruit is used to improve body strength and also thirst
· Paste of ower is used to treat insect bite or scorpion bite poisoning
· Regular consumption of fruit improves cardiac strength and cardiac output
· Paste of roots is applied over wounds for quick healing
· Fruit juice is used to cure cough and also removes phlegm
· The juice of young leaves is given with milk and sugar in biliousness and bowel complaints of
children
· Fruit improves appetite
· Used in diarrhoea, dysentery, hemorrhoids and diabetes.
· Dried gum powder mixed with honey is given in dysentery and diarrhoea
· Unripe fruit is a good tonic to the liver and the lungs
·Tree is hardy, grow well in poor soils, good for afforestatin purpose.
64
Ylang-Ylang
Family Annonaceae
Scientic name Cananga odorata L
Common name Ylang-ylang
Sanskrit Apurva champaka
Hindi Van champak
Marathi Chape
Part used Flowers

Effect on Doshas : It balances Kapha doshas

· Flowers are aromatic and uses as similar as champaka
· Used in bleeding disorders, such as nasal bleeding, heavy periods etc.
· Oil or owers used to enhance the scent of coconut oil before being used for massage
· Oil is used to enhance euphoria feel during sex and also reduce sexual anxiety
· Oil is also used as antidepressant to treat depression and nervousness
· Helpful in curing skin diseases, and ulcers
· Leaves are used to relieve itchiness by direct topical application and also to treat dandruff
· The infusion of the owers is used to give tone to the stomach, check the over production of
bile, cure leprosy, skin diseases and ulcers
· Decoction of the bark of the plant to treat rheumatism, phlegm, ophthalmia, ulcers and fevers
· The dried root and root bark, mixed with curd, is useful as an application to abscesses,
clearing away or maturing the inammation.
· The dried root and root bark in infusion promotes menstrual ow and is a good laxative.
· The volatile oil extracted from the owers used externally to treat headache, eye infections
and gout.
65
HERBAL PREPARATIONS IN AYURVEDA

Bath : Herbal therapy being immersed with a water based infusion or through osmosis.
Water infused with the goodness of herbs, essential oils and other healthful
ingredients
Compress : Decoctions or infusions in which a cloth has been soaked to apply externally
which transvers the healing properties of the herbs to your body through the skin
to reduce muscle aches, increase lymphatic drainage, and relax ligaments
Cream : An emulsion of water and oil that usually don't mix such as almond oil and rose
water.
Decoction : To boil or simmer plant parts for extracts or medicinal agents.
Elixir : Herbs mixed with liqueurs.
Essential oil : Distillation of herb to extract volatile compounds either by water or steam
distillation.
Infused oil : Made for external use only in massage oils or salves. Using coldpressed olive oil
allowing herb to set for six weeks.
Infusion : Plant parts boiled or simmered longer than a tea.
Liniment : Plants soaked in rubbing alcohol to be used externally.
Ointment : Petroleum jelly, beeswax, or lanolin used as a base for salves applied externally.
Poultice : Softened or mashed herbs, normally fresh, spread and wrapped in a cloth and
applied to the body.
Steam : Use for skin problems or as an inhalant for bronchial problems. A strong
decoction.
Syrup : A sweet, sticky preparation made with honey or glycerin.
Tea : A quick preparation made with plant part and boiling water.
Tincture : Fluid extracts of an herb using alcohol, glycerin or vinegar. Allow to set for up to
six weeks.
****
66
RESEARCH INSTITUTES / ORGANIZATIONS WORKING ON MEDICINAL

AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN INDIA
ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and aromatic Crops Research, Boriavi, Anand, Gujarat
CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
AICRP on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants & Betelvine, ICAR-DMAPR, Anand, Gujarat
HERBAL GARDEN NETWORK IN INDIA

· Ausadhiya Poudh Vatica / Model Medicinal Plants Garden, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand
· Aushadhiya Udyan, J.N.K.V.V, Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh
· Ayushya Vatika, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab
Azad Hitech Herbal Garden, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, Uttar
Pradesh
· CHF Herbal Garden, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh
· Coastal Ecosystem Herbal Garden, Department of Horticulture,Annamalainagar University,
Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu
· Dhanvantari and Sanjivani Herbal Garden, Junagdh Agricultural University , Junagadh,
Gujarat
· Dhanvantary Udyan, MPKV, Rahuri, Maharashtra.
· Dhanvantri CCMB Herbal Garden, Hyderabad, Telangana
· Gopabandhu Ayurveda Mahavidyala, herbal Garden, Puri, Odisha
· Herbal Garden - Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad,
Karnataka
· Herbal Garden - A&M Plants Research Station (KAU), Asamannoor, Kerala Herbal Garden -
S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner, Rajasthan
· Herbal Garden of Dr. A.C.Homoepathic Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
· Herbal garden, Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala
· ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants Research, Anand, Gujarat
· Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR), Palampur, Himachal Pradesh
· Jawaharlal Nehru Govt. Medicinal Botanical Garden, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
· Kerala Forest Research Institute Medicinal Plants Garden, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala
· Medicinal Germplasm Garden RPRC, Bhubaneswar, Orissa
· Medicinal Plant Garden for Conservation, Propagation and Development, Vadodara, Gujarat
· Nagarjun Medicinal Plants Garden, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola,
Maharashtra
· Natural Remedies Pvt Ltd: Medicinal Plant Cultivation Farm, Denkanikota, Krishnagiri, Tamil
Nadu
· Plant Biodiversity Park cum Genomic Valley (Charak Vanoshdhi Vatika), Dapoli, Maharashtra
Regional Research Institute of Ayurveda, Gwalior Road, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh
· RRI (Ay.), Jawaharlal Nehru Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants Garden & Herberium, Kothrud, Pune,
Maharashtra
· Siddha Medicinal Plants Garden, Mettur, Salem, Tamil Nadu
67
GLOSSARY OF MEDICINAL TERMINOLOGIES

Some of the important medicinal terms used are provided with meanings. The meaning is as per
the modern medicine system not as per ayurveda and other system of medicine.
Abortifacient : An agent induces abortion
Abscess : Localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by disintegrating tissue
Alternative : Promotes a renewal of tissues and an improvement in function.
Amenorrohea : Absence of abnormal stoppage of mensus
Anaemia : reduction in number of erythrocytes, quantity of haemoglobin
Analgesic : Agent that relives pain
Anodyne : Reliving Pain, medicine that eases pain
Anorexia : Mental illness where people are of low weight due to limiting their
energy intake
Anthelmintic : An agent destroys worms
Antiemetic : Prevents or alleviates nausea and vomiting.
Antiherpatic : An agent preventing herps
Anti-inammatory : An agent Supressing the inammation
Antipyretic : An agent relieving fever
Antispasmodic : An agent relieving spasms
Aphrodisiac : Drug that induces sexual desire
Arthritis : Inammation of Joints
Astringent : An agent that causes tissue to bind, or draw together.
Bitter : Aromatic plants used as a tonic to stimulate the digestive tract and
stimulate the appetite.
Calmative : Herbs that is soothing, sedating.
Carminative : Relieves and prevents atulence.
Cathartic : Causing bowel evacuation
Chloretic : stimulating the secretion of gastric acid.
Conjunctivitis : Inammation or swelling of the conjunctiva.
Cystitis : Inammation of the bladder
Debility : Lack or loss of physical strength
Depurative : Puries blood, thus removing the waste from the body.
Dermatitis : Inammation of the skin
Diaphoretic : Inducing perspiration or excessive sweating
Diuretic : Substance that removes water from the body by promoting urine
formation.
68
Dropsy : Abnormal accumulation of uid in the cellular tissues or in a body

activity
Eczema : Condition where patches of skin become inamed, itchy, red, cracked,
and rough
Emetic : Agent causes vomiting
Emollient : An agent softens or soothes skin or irritated internal tissue
Exhilarant : Herbs that enliven and cheer the mind.
Expectorants : Thins mucus and promotes discharge from the respiratory tract.
Febrifuge : Reduces body temperature and fever.
Flatulence : Excessive formation of gases in stomach or intestine
Galactoggague : Promoting milk ow
Gastritis : Inammation of stomach’
Gout : Painful form of arthritis which causes swollen, red, hot and stiff joints
Hemiplegia : Paralysis of one side of body
Hepatic : Stimulates liver and gall bladder to promote bile secretions.
Hyper acidity : Excessive acidity
Hypertension : Higher boold pressure
Hypotension : Lower blood pressure
Insanity : State of being seriously mentally ill; madness
Insomnia : Sleeplessness or difcult to fall in sleep
Laxative : Substances that loosen stools and increase bowel movements
Lesion : A region in an organ or tissue which has suffered damage through injury
or disease, such as a wound, ulcer, abscess, or tumour
Leucoderma : White patches are the result of the partial or complete loss of the skin
pigmentation
Leucorrhoea : Hick, whitish or yellowish vaginal discharge
Mastitis : Inammation of breast
Micturition : Urination
Migraine : Primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches
particularly one half of the head
Nausea : Sensation of vomiting
Oedema : Swelling and pufness in different areas of the body
Ophthalmia : Inammation of eye ball
Polyuria : Excessive secretion of urea
Psoriasis : chronic skin condition such as aking, inammation, and thick, white,
69
silvery, or red patches of skin

Purgative : Relieves constipation.
Rejuvenator : An agent makes young again, renew the activity and erosive power
Rheumatism : Inammation and pain in the joints, muscles, or brous tissue
Scabies : Contagious skin problem caused by mites
Scald : Burn caused by hot liquid or steam
Sinusitis : Inammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses
Sleshma (kapha) : one of the three bioentities recognized in Ayurveda and responsible for
physical function, stability, rmness of joints and endurance
Soporic : Herbs that help to produce sleep.
Spasm : Sudden involuntary muscular contraction or convulsive movement
Stomachic : Stimulates digestion and increases appetite.
Tonic : Restore and produce normal tone throughout the whole body
Tumour : Swelling or uncontrolled progressive multiplication of cells
Ulcer : Open sore on an external or internal surface of the body
Vata : One of the three bioentities recognized in Ayurveda responsible for
motivating respiration, locomotion, excretion, circulation
Vertigo : Sensation of feeling off balance or feel of rotation
F F F
70
NOTE
71
NOTE
72
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18 February 2019 Authors

Narendra Pratap Singh

18 February 2019 Narendra Pratap Singh

Medicinal trees / plant species available at

Sr. No Common name Tree species Page No.

66 Research Institutes/organizations working on medicinal and aromatic plants in 67

67 Glossary of Medicinal terminologies 68

Development of Medicinal Garden at ICAR-NIASM, Baramati (2.0ha)

Initial view of field before Development

Layout and pit opening and of garden into different blocks

Pits opening and ﬁlling of black soil

Plantation of various medicinal trees, shrubs, and climbers

Method of propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : tuberous roots

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of Propagation : Stem cuttings of runner shoots

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Stem cuttings

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of Propagation : Seed

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds, Grafting, Stem cuttings

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds, Grafting

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of Propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Slips

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds, root suckers, stem cuttings

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds

MEDICINAL PROPERTIES AND USES

Method of propagation : Seeds