Group 1

𝑹𝑨 1425 (𝑹𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒍 𝑳𝒂𝒘)

𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑹𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒍 𝑳𝒂𝒘:

• Concerns about waning of Filipino identity

• To according to nationalist policy-makers redirect nation back to its roots through education.

*Sen. Claro m. recto proposed senate bill no. 438 submitted to senate committee on education.

*Sen. Jose p. laurel who was the chairman of committee on education sponsored the said bill and
presented it to the upper house.

𝑪𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒄 𝒄𝒉𝒖𝒓𝒄𝒉’𝒔 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏:

• Rizal criticized with stiff opposition to the church head and supporters. If the bill will be passed it
would discredit catholic religion.

• Rizal’s novels (Noli-Fili) should not be taught since they do not accurately depict current
conditions and may give false impression of the country (Father Jesus Cavanna).

• Among 333 pages of Noli mi tangere only 25 passages are nationalistic and 120 passages are
anti-Catholic.

• 170 lines from Noli mi Tangere and 50 lines from El Filibusterismo were is offensive to catholic
doctrine.

• Might cause conflict and division of nation.

• Compulsion to read against one’s faith impairs the freedom of speech and religious freedom.

• Admitted do not only attack past friars but also the whole catholic faith itself.

*April 19 1956, Congressman Jacobo Z. Gonzales proposed house bill 5561 to house of representatives.

𝑬𝒏𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕:

Senator laurel proposed a substitute bill

i. Focus of bill not only Noli mi tangere and El Filibusterismo but also other works of Rizal

ii. Reading Noli mi tangere and El Filibusterismo is optional and can read other works instead.
iii. Unexpurgated versions of Noli mi tangere and El Filibusterismo shall be on college or university
students only.

• Important to read the original and unexpurgated edition to know the true purpose of the novels.

*May 12, 1956- senate bill 438 and house bill no.5561 were both unanimously approved on the second
reading and in the lower house.

*June 12, 1956- the bill was signed into law by pres. Ramon Magsaysay giving birth to RA 1425 or Rizal
Law.

𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑹𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒂𝒘:

a. The rationale for passing the Rizal law is that there is a concern that the Filipino identity is
waning

b. The purpose of Rizal law is to educate the young generation of the Philippines about the ideals
and principles for which Rizal sacrificed his life.

c. By reading and studying Rizal’s life, teachings and writings the youth will gain confidence
direction, and courage and determination to contribute to the progress of our nation.

d. Mandating the students to read Rizal’s novels (Sec.1)

e. Require schools to have sufficient copies of expurgated edition of the novels in their libraries.
(Sec. 2)

f. Aims to make Rizal's writings more readily available to the general public by promoting their
printing at an affordable cost, or in some cases, providing them for free. (Sec 3)

g. Clarifies it will not change a specific section of the Administrative Code that prohibits public
school teachers from discussing religious doctrines. (Sec 4)

h. Authorizes the unallocated funds to be used to implement the act. (Sec. 5)

Group 2

19th century in the philippines as rizal’s context

birth of modernity
emphasizes the break from traditional ways of life and the emergence of new ideas, attitudes and
institutions that marked the tradition to a new era

age of revolution

during this era , the industrial revolution was taking place new modes of production, transportation and
communication were introduced. bringing about a shift from manual labor to machined base
production.

economical condition

* trading was already apparent among our ancestors era before the spaniards colonized the philippines

* early philippines merchants traded various countries including china, japan ,sam , combodia, india ,
borneo and the moluccas.

* the spanish crown saw an opportunity to profit from this trade and eventually closed the ports of
manila to all countries except mexico

* hence the birth of the manila acapulco trade also known as galleon trade

* the trade monopoly that emerged from this decision made manila the center of commerce in the east

* spain became merchantilise superpower but not forever

1. by the late 18th century the galleon system faced tough competition as other nations becameself-
sufficient and preferred direct trade

2. spain was heavily dependent on silver mines of its colonies in south america which slowly dwindled
the value of silver was also declined

3. revolts particularly in the war for independence in mexico, took place in the new era wolrd which the
old trade system is no longer sustainable the galleon trade was ended by decree.

* because there the galleon trade ended, the philippines need a commercial purpose

* the economic opportunities created by the industrial revolution had encouraged spain in 1834 to open
the philippine economy to world commerce

* philippines became cash crop agriculture

* british, dutch and american trading companies invested large capital in the country

* to make transactions easier foreign investors needs people who are already in the philippines , such as
chinese , mestizo and rich natives
* chinese immigrants served as middle man between the provinces were the crops were planned and
the merchants houses of the mestizos in manila. rich natives became tenats knowns as inquilinos in
spanish

* inquilinos oversee the production of cash crop by subleasing large estate or hacienda from friars and
then subletting them to indigenous farmers.

* when the suez canal an artificial sea level water ways was opened, the distance of travel between
europe and the philippines was considerably shortened.

political condition

* during the rizal time, there were widespread calls for democracy in the philippines

* most filipino( except the hinterland of luzon and the visayas and in mindanao and sulu) became
christians

* throughout the next three centuries spaniards use religion to justify their malicious behavior

1. forced labor

2. cultural suppression

3. conquest and violence

* spain showcased this wonderful thing and used it for corruption oppression and exploitation

* enforced strict social and political hierarchies, denying filipinos basic political rights and freedom

* the money collected from the natives was not used to improve their province but rather for the self
betterment of the officials

𝐆𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐏 2

~𝐒𝐎𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄~

𝐒𝐎𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐏𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐏𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐒 𝐃𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐓𝐇𝐄 19𝐓𝐇 𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐘

1. 𝐏𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 - pure-blooded Spaniard born in the Iberian Peninsula such as Spain

2. 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 - pure-blooded Spaniard born in the Philippines

3. 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐌𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐳𝐨 - mixed blood

4. 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐚 - wealthy pure-blooded native supposedly descended from the kadatoan class

5. 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐨 𝐈𝐧𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐥 - non-Catholic pure blooded Chinese

6. 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐨𝐬 - the Filipinos

~𝐄𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐋 𝐒𝐘𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐌~

𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐄𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐋 𝐑𝐄𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐒

1. The Industrial Revolution necessitated changes in the educational system of the Philippines

2. The Educational Decree of 1863

𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐨𝐟 1863

1. Establishment of Teacher Training School

2. Government supervises the public school system

3. Use of Spanish as medium of instruction in all school

4. Establisment of one primary school for boys and girls in each of major town

3. The return of the Jesuits

»During 1865, Ateneo de Manila transformed into a secondary school.

𝐃𝐄𝐅𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐄𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐀𝐋 𝐒𝐘𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐌 𝐃𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐓𝐇𝐄 19𝐓𝐇 𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐏𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐏𝐏𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐒

1. Emphasis on religion

2. Absence of academic freedom

3. Racial Discrimination

4. Limited Curriculum

» By the end of 19th century, only the University of Santo Tomas (UST) was the existing higher education
institution in the Philippines. It opened to the Filipinos during the last half of the 19th century.
𝐒𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐋𝐒 𝐃𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐓𝐇𝐄 19𝐓𝐇 𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐘

𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐁𝐎𝐘𝐒

1. 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨 𝐝𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐧 𝐉𝐮𝐚𝐧 𝐝𝐞 𝐋𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧- the first official public secondary school.

2. 𝐀𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐨 𝐌𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐥𝐚

3. 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐓𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐬 - where Dr. Jose Rizal studied in the Philippines

» Their curriculum includes: Spanish History, Latin, Philosophy, Canon, and Civil Law

𝐅𝐎𝐑 𝐆𝐈𝐑𝐋𝐒

1. 𝐒𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚 𝐈𝐬𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐥

2. 𝐋𝐚 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐚

3. 𝐒𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚 𝐑𝐨𝐬𝐚

4. 𝐋𝐨𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐧

5. 𝐒𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚 𝐂𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐚

» The curriculum for females includes: Rules of Courtesy, Music and Arts, Religious Doctrine, Language,
and sewing

GROUP 3. REPORT

RIZALS LIFE: FAMILY, CHILDHOOD AND EARLY EDUCATION

Dr. Jose Rizal, the national hero of the Philippines, was not only a revolutionary figure but also a product
of his family upbringing, childhood experiences, and early education.

The Rizal Family

The Rizal family, hailing from Calamba, Laguna, was prosperous and esteemed within their community,
belonging to the principalia class.

1.Saturnina Rizal (1850-1913): Jose's eldest sister, she married Manuel T. Hidalgo and had five children.
She passed away in 1913, the same year as her mother.
2.Paciano Rizal (1851-1930): Jose's only brother, Paciano studied in Biñan and later joined the Philippine
Revolution, rising to the rank of General. He married Severina Decena and had two children, one of
whom died at an early age. Paciano died in 1930.

3.Narcisa Rizal (1852-1939): She discovered Jose's unmarked grave and married Antonio Lopez, a
teacher and musician. Narcisa died in 1939.

4.Olympia Rizal (1855-1887): Olympia married Silvestre Ubaldo and had three children. Sadly, she
passed away in 1887 due to complications from childbirth.

5.Lucia Rizal (1857-1919): Lucia married Mariano Herbosa and had five children. Mariano's death during
an epidemic led to the family facing persecution by Spanish friars. Lucia died in 1919.

6.Maria Rizal (1859-1945): Maria married Daniel Faustino Cruz and had five children. One of her
children, Mauricio Cruz, was a student of Jose Rizal in Dapitan. Maria died in 1945.

7.Jose Rizal (1861-1896): The second son and seventh child, Jose Rizal is the national hero of the
Philippines, known for his contributions to Philippine independence and literature.

8.Concepcion Rizal (1862-1865): She died at the age of three in 1865.

9.Josefa Rizal (1865-1945): Josefa remained unmarried and lived with her sister Trinidad until her death
in 1945. She suffered from epilepsy.

10.Trinidad Rizal (1868-1951): Trinidad also remained unmarried and lived with her sister Josefa. She
was entrusted with Jose Rizal's "Mi Ultimo Adios" poem and died in 1951.

11.Soledad Rizal (1870-1929): The youngest sibling, Soledad married Pantaleon Quintero and had five
children. She passed away in 1929.

Rizal's childhood and early Education

-Jose Rizal (Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonso Realonda) was born on June 19, 1861 at calamba
Laguna

-Rizal was baptized on June 22. 1861 at Calamba Church (st. John the Baptist Church).

He was baptized by Fr. Rufino Collantes. His ninong Was Fr. pedro Casanas.

-At the age of 3. Rizal learned the alphabet from his mother.

-When he was 4 years old, his sister Concepcion, the eighth child in the Rizal family, died at the age of
three. This was the first time he cried as a young boy. As sad as he was, the parish priest of Calamba,
Father Leoncio Lopez, helped Rizal understand the philosophy of life and learned the value of
scholarship and intellectual honesty.
At the age of 5, While learning to read and Write. Rizal already showed inclination, to be an artist. Its
astounted his family and relatives by his pencil drawings and sketches and by his moldings of clay.

Rizal, in his childhood, used to take long rides through all the surrounding country by riding his pony that
his father gave him. Among his pets were doves and a dog.

-At the age of 8. Rizal wrote a Tagalog poem. "Sa aking Mga kabata"

Uncle Manuel Alberto, taught Rizal to develope the skills of Swimming, fencing, wrestling and othe
sports.

uncle Gregorio, has in stilled in Rizal's mind the love for Education and its importance. the value of hard
work, to think For himself. and to observe his sorroundings carefully.

Rizal's parents employed privates totors to give him lessons at home. The first was Maestro Celestino
and the Second, Monstro lucas Padua.

- Later an old man named leon Monroy. a former classmat Of Rizal's Father became his tutor.

Then, after Rizal’s tutor Leon Monroy died, his parents decided to transfer Rizal to a private school in
Biñan, Laguna. He was accompanied by his older brother Paciano, who acted as his second father during
his school days in Biñan. The school was then supervised by Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz.

The First Day to Biñan

■Maestro Justiniano Cruz - he had the reward and punishment as his method of teaching: he used
punishment to inculcate discipline to lis Students.

■ Pedro - he was challenged by Rizal to a fight

■ Juancho of Biñan - Rizal's teacher in painting.

GROUP 4

DON FRANCISCO RIZAL MERCADO (1818-1898)

Rizal's father was born on May 11, 1818 and was the youngest of his 13 siblings. Mercado was a
well-respected man in their hometown of Calamba in which citizens made him the their " cabeza de
baranggay" (head of town) . He was Part of the Chinese descent, having been related a chinese
entrepreneur by the name of Domingo Lamco. Mercado die Shorty after Rizal in the home name of his
daughter, Narcisa Rizal in Binondo, Manila on January 5, 1898
TEODORA ALONZO (1827-1913)

Doña Teodora Alonzo was born on November 14, 1827 in Santa Cruz Manila. Her parents was
Lorenzo Alonso, a municipal captain and Brijida de Quintos, an educated housewife and had four other
siblings. It is said that her great grandtather, Eugenio Ursua was a Japanese ancestry making her a
Japanese descent. When Teodora was 20 years old, she married Francisco Mercado, a native from Binan

Laguna. Together they prospered in Calamba after involving themselves in business and agriculture. She
was known to be a hard

working, intelligent, business minded woman. She died in 1913 in Manila.

SATURNINA RIZAL (1850-1913)

Saturnina Mercado Rizal Hidalgo was born on 1850 and she's the eldest sister of Jose Rizal. She had
five children together with her husband Manuel T. Hidalgo and died the same year as her mother in
1913.

PACIANO RIZAL (1851-1930)

General Paciano Mercado Rizal aka "Lolo Ciano" was the only brother of Jose Rizal. He was born on
1851 and studied in Biñan later attending school at the Colegio de San Jose in Manila. After the
execution of his brother, he joined in the Philippine Revolution where he rose up the ranks of a General.
He later married Severina Decena of Los Banos and had two children of which one died at an early age.
Paciano passed away on 1930.

NARCISA RIZAL (1852 - 1939)

Narcisa Rizal Lopez was on 1852 and was the one who found the unmarked grave of her brother
Jose in the abandoned Old Paco Cemetry. Narcisa married Antonio Lopez who was a teacher and
musician from Morong, Rizal. She died on 1939.

OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855 - 1887)

Olympia Rizal Ubaldo was born on 1855. She married Silvestre Ubaldo and together they have three
children. She died on 1887 from childbirth when she was only 32 years old.

LUCIA RIZAL ( 1857 - 1919)

Lucia Rizal Hebosa was born on 1857. She married to Mariano Hebosa and had 5 children together.
On 1889 Mariano died due to an epidemic but was denied a christian burial. This was due to the fact
thqt he was the brother-in-law of Jose Rizal. This showed the beginning of the persecution of the Rizal
family by the spanish friars. Lucia died on 1919.

MARIA RIZAL (1859-1945)

 Maria Cruz Rizal was born on 1859. She married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna and together
they had 5 children. Mauricio Cruz, one of Maria's children became a student of Jese Rizal in Dapitan
and was known to be one of his uncle's favorites. Maria was known a recipient of many Jose's letters
during his lifetime. Maria died on 1945.

JOSE RIZAL

Jose Protacio Rizal was the second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the spaniards on
December 30, 1896.

CONCEPCION RIZAL (1862-1865)

Conception Rizal was born on 1862. Conception did not live very long as she died at the age of 3 on
1865

JOSEFA RIZAL (1865 - 1865)

Josefa Rizal was born on 1865. She was unmarried lived together with her sister Trinidad until
death. Josefa was said to have suffered from epilepsy. She died on 1865.

TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951)

Trinidad Rizal was born on 1868 she remained unmarried and lived together with her sister Josefa.
Trinidad was the one who received an alcohol lamp from brother Jose, I'm which he secretly hid the
"Last Farewell" better known as "Mi Ultimo Adios," a poem Rizal wrote on the eve of his death on 1896.
Trinidad died on 1951, outliving all her siblings.

SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929)

Soledad Rizal Quintero was born in 1870 making her youngest of the Rizal siblings. She married
Pantelon Quintero and together they had 5 children. Soledad died in 1929.

GROUP 5

RIZAL'S ANCESTRY
•FATHER SIDE

DOMINGO LAMCO

- Rizal's great-great grandfather. Chinese immigrant from the fujien city, china, arrived in manila about
1690

INES DE LA ROSA

- Rizal's great-great grandmother. Well-to-do Chinese Christian girl of manila

- Domingo Lamco's wife

FRANCISCO MERCADO

- Great grandfather of Rizal. Governadorcillo of biñan.

- Domingo Lamco and Ines dela Rosa's son.

CIRILA BERNACHA

-Great grandmother of Rizal. Chinese filipina mestiza

- Francisco Mercado's wife

JUAN MERCADO

- Grandfather of Rizal

- son of Francisco and cirila bernacha.

CIRILA ALEJANDRO

- Grandmother of Rizal. Chinese filipina mestiza

- wife of juan mercado.

FRANCISCO MERCADO

- Father of Rizal. At the age of 8 lost his father.

- he studied latin and philosophy at the college of san jose.

•MOTHER SIDE
•Lakandula- Ancestor of Teodora Alonzo's family, Lakanduka was the title of last Lakan or Paramount
ruler of pre-colonial Tondo when the Spaniards first conquered the lands of Pasig River delta in the
Philippines .

- Born: December 16 1503

-Died on: 1575 (age 72 years)

-Children:Magat Salamat

•Eugenio Ursua (Ochoa) Rizal great great grandfather ,Japanese ancestry.

-He married Benigna (Rizal great great grandmother)

• Regina Ursua, daughter of Eugenio and Benigna married Manuel de Quintos, a Filipino-Chinese lawyer
from Pangasinan their daughter Brigida de Quintos married a Spanish Mestizo named Lorenzo Alberto
Alonzo, father of Teodora.

•Teodora Alonso Realonda, was a wealthy woman in the Spanish Colonial Philippines. She was best
known as the mother of the Philippines nation.

-Born on: Nov 09, 1827 (Tondo)

-Died on: Aug 16, 1911 (Binondo, Manila)

Rizal Home

• was one of the distinguised stone houses in Calamba during the Spanish time.

• It was a two- storey building, rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and hard woods and roofted
with red tiles.

• by day, it hummed with the noises of children at play and the songs of the birds in the garden, by
night, it echoed with the dulcet notes of family prayers.

• The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines.