Kendy Babe J.

Gasmen
Instructor
Lesson 1
What is the Rizal Law or R.A.1425?
An Act to include in the Curricula of All
Public and Private Schools, Colleges and
Universities courses on the Life Works and
Writings of JOSE RIZAL, particularly his
novels NOLI ME TANGERE and EL
FILIBUSTERISMO.
Patriotic Objectives of the Rizal Law
1. To recognize the relevance of Rizal’s ideals, thoughts,
teachings, and life values to present conditions in the
community and the country and apply them in the solution
of day-to-day situations and problems of contemporary life;
2. To develop an understanding and appreciation of the
qualities, behavior, and character of Rizal as well as his
thoughts and ideas, and thus foster the development of
moral character, personal discipline, citizenship and
vocational efficiency.
3. To comply with the patriotic objectives of the Rizal Law
given by the late Senator Jose P. Laurel.
Republic Act No. 1425 or Rizal Law
 House Bill No. 5561
 Senate Bill No. 438.
 It is commonly known as the Rizal Act, established
on 12th of June 1956 by Senator Claro M. Recto.
 It requires the curricula of private and public
schools, colleges and universities courses to include,
works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his
novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
 It was made effective on August 16, 1956.
Republic Act No. 1425 or Rizal Law
 House Bill No. 5561
 Senate Bill No. 438.
 It is commonly known as the Rizal Act, established
on 12th of June 1956 by Senator Claro M. Recto.
 It requires the curricula of private and public
schools, colleges and universities courses to include,
works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his
novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
 It was made effective on August 16, 1956.
Lesson 2
Direction: In this puzzle, you will need to identify some highlights
that have happened in the 19th century named in each given clue
below.
19TH CENTURY SPAIN
 Philippines in the 19th Century: Economic
Development
• Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade
 Reforms made by Gov. Gen. Jose Basco y Vargas
 1830 – Growth of export economy from the British and
American merchants
 Philippines exported agricultural products resulting to
the growth and profit of Filipino hacienderos and
inquilinos of the friar haciendas
 Economic Development as a whole is a non-Spanish
initiative opening of the Suez Canal in 1869
PRINCIPALIA - they are the rich landowners; local
government officials
ILLUSTRADO - educated middle-class
COMMON PEOPLE OR MASSES - they are the majority of
the class; workers
 Political Development
 Spain has no consistent policy for the overseas colonies
 Philippines was used as a dumping ground to reward
Spanish officials
 Rampant corruption in the Government
 Governor-general was the chief executive with the widest
of powers
 Cultural Development
 1860 spread of education –rise of Ilustrados
 1859- Ateneo Municipal run by the Jesuits
 1865- Escuela Normal de Maestros
 Humanistic Education in literature, science and philosophy
 Experience of Filipino students in Spain
 Religious Development
 Religious Orders played a dominant part in Philippine life
 Government relied heavily on the friars to maintain Spanish
power
 Secularization issue between the regular and secular clergy
(Filipino parish priests vs. Dominicans, Augustinians,
Recollects and etc.)
 Cavite Mutiny that led to the execution of GOMBURZA (Jose
Burgos, Mariano Gomez and Jacinto Zamora) in Bagumbayan
 Rizal as an “Illustrado”
 He criticized the Spanish government officials for failing to
provide adequate services. 11 Life, Works and Writings of
Dr. Jose Rizal – Bernard Bolor Castillo
 “Illustrado” philosophy FOCUS: To promote self-
government Rizal – waged a relentless campaign to
ameliorate the lot of his people through his political writings
and ideas
 Rizal’s political views:
 To seek self-reliant, self-respecting government, and a
“people’s government, made for the people, by the people
and answerable to the people.”
 Advanced practical solutions to domestic as well as
international problems Reforms must come from above to
be more effective
 Rizal’s Concept of Government and Politics “In order to govern
peoples he does not know or understand, he ought to possess
the talent of a genius and extraordinary knowledge.”
 Rizal’s Definition of Basic Political Terms
1. Political Culture – is a set of ideas, values and attitudes about
government and the political process held by a community or
nation “without education and liberty… no reform is possible”
2. Political Socialization – the process by which people, at various
stages in their lives, acquire views and orientations about politics.
Rizal… emphasized the importance of being a Filipino. His goal
was to promote the political aspirations of the Filipino people for
life, democracy and happiness.
3. Political Ideology – comprehensive and logically
ordered set of beliefs about the nature of people and about
the institutions and role of the government.
Rizal… to overcome strife and achieve triumph at the end

4. Nationalism – the idea of oneness by a group of people

who possess common traditions, a shared history, a set of
goals, and a belief in the specific future.
Rizal… “He is the father of his country”
5. Representative Government - the notion that the people
have an inherent right to sit in a chamber that determines
their future
Rizal… Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes was
essential to the governing process
6. Democracy – a government in which all power is shared
by citizens.
Rizal…best government was a mixture of representative
democracy and responsible model of democracy
 Filipinos to actively participate in local government
 National government officials to make decisions and
bring results to the local level
Rizal Would Criticize Today's Society
 Unstable economic and political situation of the country
 Confusions brought about by the allegations of electoral
fraud and cheating - filibustering (long speeches consuming
and wasting precious time)
 How priests spend the money of the church today More
vigilant on the maladministration of justice for the people
 Criticize the prevailing graft and corruption in the bureau
 Criticize the “gambling lords”, those receiving “jueteng
payola”
Rizal… His moral, political, spiritual and economic legacies
would still apply to this day.
The Revolution RIZAL vs BONIFACIO
RIZAL – a reformist
BONIFACIO – a revolutionary
The LIGA – a crusade for national unity and prosperity

The Katipuna
 pursued liberty, equality, and brotherhood
 it assumed after the LIGA
 a secret society intended to march for freedom
 Its membership was meant to be an act of self-
surrender for the sake of the greater good of the
country.
Kartilla – embodied the articles of faith of the
Katipunan.
 a testament drafted by Emilio Jacinto that
emphasized on: purposeful life, equality, charity,
good character, integrity, honor, trustworthiness,
concern for and defense of the oppressed, respect for
women, golden rule, love of country and
commitment
 The patriotic ideals of the LIGA and the nationalistic
courage of the KATIPUNAN were the essential
ingredients that ignited the flame of the first
nationalist revolution in Asia against a colonial rule.
Activity 1

Pop Quiz
Table mapping the changes in
nineteenth-century Philippines;
categorizing social, political, economic
cultural changes.
Lesson 3
Rizal-Mercado Family
• The Rizal family is considered as one of the biggest family
during their time Domingo Lam-co, the family's paternal
ascendant was Chinese who came to the Philippines from Amoy,
China in the closing years of the 17th century and married a half-
Chinese by the name of Ines de la Rosa.
Jose Protacio Realonda Alonzo M ercado Rizal
• Known to a “child of a good family”
• Jose was born on June 19, 1861
• Calamba, Laguna(between 11 and 12 at night)
• He was the seventh of eleventh children, the younger of two
boys and with nine sisters all in all
Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal M ercado y Alonzo Realonda
Doctor – complete his medical course in Spain and was
conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the
Universidad Central de Madrid.
Jose – chosen by his +mother who was a devotee of the Christian
St. Joseph.
Protacio – form Gervacio P which comes from a Christian
calendar, in consideration of the day of his birth.
Rizal – from the word ― “Ricial” in Spanish means a field where
a wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again.
Mercado – adopted by Domingo Lamco which Spanish term
means market.
Alonzo – old name surname of his mother.
Realonda – it was used by Doña Teodora from the surname
of her godmother based on the culture by that time.
He was born near midnight of Wednesday of June 19, 1861
to the Rizal family of Calamba, Laguna.
He was baptized by Rev. Rufino Collantes in the Catholic
church of Calamba on June 22, 1861, three days after birth.
His Godfather named Father Perdo Casanas, a close friend
of Rizal family.
Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery was the governor- general
of the Philippines when Rizal was born.
Rizal’s Father Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)
 Born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818. - Studied
Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in
Manila. Became a tenant-farmer of the
Dominican-owned hacienda.
 A hardly an independent-minded man, who
talked less and worked more, and was strong in
body and valiant in spirit. Died in Manila on
January 5, 1898 at age of 80.
 Rizal affectionately called him ― “a model father”.
Rizal’s M other Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-
1911)
 Born in Manila on November 8, 1826.
 Educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well- known
college for girls in the city.
 A remarkable woman, possessing refined culture,
literary talent, business ability, and the fortitude of
Spartan.
 Is a woman of more than ordinary culture; she known
literature and speaks Spanish (according to Rizal).
 Died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at age of 85.
The Siblings of Jose Rizal
1. Saturnina (1850-1913)
 Oldest of the Rizal children. Nicknamed Neneng
 Married to Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas.
2. Paciano
 Older brother and confidante of Jose Rizal.
 He was the second father to Rizal. Immortalized him in Rizal‘s
first novel Noli Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopong Tasio.
 Rizal regarded him a s the ― “most noble of Filipinos”. He
became a combat general in the Philippine Revolution.
 Died on April 13, 1930, an old bachelor at age of 79, he had
two children by his mistress (Severina Decena) – a boy and a
girl. Mylene Gado Almario
Narcisa (1852-1939)
 Petname Sisa
 She was married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of
Father Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher of
Morong.
Olympia (1855-1887)
 Petname Ypia She was married to Silvestre
Ubaldo, a telegraph operator in Manila.
Lucia (1857-1979)
 She was married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba,
who was a nephew of Father Casanas.
Maria (1859-1945)
 Biang was her petname. She was married to Daniel
Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
Concepcion (1862-1865)
 Concha was her pet-name. She died at age of three
because of sickness.
 Her death was Rizal‘s first sorrow in life.
Josefa (1865-1945)
 Panggoy was her pet-name
 An old maid, died at age of 80.
Trinidad (1868-1951)
 Trining was her pet-name
 An old maid, died at age of 83.
Soledad (1870-1929)
 Choleng was her pet-name
 She was married to Pantaleon Quintero of
Calamba.Mylene Gado Almari
Rizal’s Home (Physical)
 It is one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba
during the Spanish times.
 It was a two-storey building, rectangular in shape, built of
adobe stones and hard-woods and roofed with red tiles.
 During the day, it hummed with the noises of children at
play and the songs of the birds in the garden; by night, it
echoed with the dulcet notes of family prayers.
 The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, town
aristocracy in Spanish Philippines.
 The Rizal family had a simple, contented and happy life.
Childhood Years in Calamba, Laguna
 Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to
Dominican Order, which also owned all the lands around.
 Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town) – a
poem about Rizal‘s beloved town written by Rizal in 1876
when he was 15 years old and was student in the Ateneo
de Manila.
 The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy
days in the family garden when he was three.
 Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer.
By nightfall, Rizal related, his mother gathered all the
children at the house to pray the Angelus.
 Another memory of Rizal during infancy was the nocturnal
walk in the town, especially when there was a moon.
 The death of Concha was his first sorrow.
 At age of three he began to take part in the family prayers.
 At 5, he was able to read haltingly the Spanish family bible,
and make sketches with this pencil and to mould in clay and
wax on objects which attracted his fancy.
 “The Story of the Moth” – made the profoundest
impression of Rizal.
 “Sa Aking Mga Kabata” - the first poem written in the native
language at age of 8, he also wrote his first dramatic work
(Tagalog comedy).
Influences on the Hero’s Boyhood
1. Hereditary influence
2. Environmental influence
3. Aid of the Divine Providence

 Tio Jose Alberto – he develops the artistic ability of Rizal.

 Tio Manuel – he guided Rizal on his physical exercises.
 Tio Gregorio – intensified Rizal‘s voracious reading of
good books.
 Father Leoncio Lopez – fostered Rizal‘s love for
scholarship and intellectual honesty.
Early Education in Calamba and Biñan
 The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was
remarkable woman of good character and fine culture.
 Maestro Celestino – first private tutor.
 Maestro Lucas Padua – science tutor.
 Leon Monroy – a former classmate of his father that
instructed in Spanish and Latin. He diedfive months
later.
 June 1869 – Rizal left Calamba to study in Biñan,
accompanied byPaciano.
 Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz – Rizal‘s first teacher in
Biñan.
 Pedro – his classmate that challenge him to fight.
 Andres Lakindanan – challenged Rizal to a wrestling
match.
 Juancho – an old painter who was the father-in-law of
the school teacher; freely give Rizal lesson in drawing
and painting.
 December 17, 1870 – he left Biñan after one year and a
half of schooling.
 Arturo Camos – a French friend of Rizal‘s father who
took care of him on board.
Martyrdom of GomBurZa
 January 20, 1872 – about 200 Filipino soldiers and workmen
of the Cavite arsenal under the leadership of Sgt. Lamadrid
(he was Filipino, but rose in mutiny because of the abolition of
their usual privileges).
 Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora – were
executed at sunrise of February 17, 1872, by the order of
Governor-General Izquierdo.
 The martyrdom of the GomBurZa in 1872 truly Rizal to fight
the evils of Spanish tyranny and redeem his oppressed people.
 Rizal dedicated his second novel El Filibusterismo to
GomBurZa.
Injustice to Rizal’s Mother
 June 1872 – Doña Teodora was suddenly arrested on a
malicious charge that she and her brother Jose Alberto, tried to
poison the latter‘s perfidious wife.
 Antonio Vivencio del Rosario – Calamba‘s gobernadorcillo, who
helped to arrest Doña Teodora.
 After arresting Doña Teodora, the sadistic Spanish lieutenant
forced her to walk from Calamba to Santa Cruz, Laguna (50km.)
 Doña Teodora was incarcerated at the provincial prison, where
she languished for two years.
 Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan – the most famous
lawyers of Manila that defend Doña Teodora
Scholastic Triumph at Ateneo de Manila
 Ateneo Municipal, a college under the supervision of the
Spanish Jesuits.
 Escuela Pia (Charity School) – formerly name of Ateneo, a
school for poor boys in Manila which was established by
the city government 1817.
 June 10, 1872 – Rizal was accompanied by Paciano on his
way to Manila.
 Father Magin Ferrano – he was the college registrar, who
refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo for two reasons: a) he was
late or registration b) he was sickly and undersized for his
age.
 Manuel Xerez Burgos – because of his intercession,
nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly
admitted Ateneo.
 He registered Rizal as his surname since Mercado was
suspected by the Spanish authorities.
 Rizal was first board in a house outside in Caraballo
Street. This was owned by a spinster named Titay who
owed the family the amount of 300 pesos.
Jesuits System of Education
 It trained the character of the students by rigid discipline and
religious instructions.
 Students were divided into two groups:
o Roman Empire – consisting of internos (boarders); red banner.
o Carthaginian Empire – composed of the externos (non-boarders);
blue banner.
 Intelligence distribution:
 Emperor – 1st
 Tribune – 2nd
 Decurion - 3rd
 Centurion – 4th
 Stand – 5th
 The Ateneo students wore a uniform consisted of
―hemp-fabric trousers‖ and ―striped cotton coat
The coat material was called ravadillo.
Poems in Ateneo
 It was Doña Teodora who first discovered the
poetic genius of her son, and it also she who
first encourage him to write poems. However, it
was Father Sanchez who inspired Rizal to take
full of his God-given gift in poetry.
 Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration), 1874,
the Rizal probably wrote during days in Ateneo which
was dedicated to his mother on her birthday; Rizal
wrote he was 14 years old. 1875 (inspired by Father
Sanchez) 1. Felicitacion 2. El Embarque: Himno a la
Flota de Magallanes 3. Y Es Español: Elcano el
Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo 4. El Combate:
Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo 5. Al Niño Jesus (To the
Child Jesus) – brief ode.
 Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration), 1874,
the Rizal probably wrote during days in Ateneo which
was dedicated to his mother on her birthday; Rizal
wrote he was 14 years old. 1875 (inspired by Father
Sanchez) 1. Felicitacion 2. El Embarque: Himno a la
Flota de Magallanes 3. Y Es Español: Elcano el
Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo 4. El Combate:
Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo 5. Al Niño Jesus (To the
Child Jesus) – brief ode.
Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus)
Why have you come to earth,
Child-God, in a poor manger?
Does Fortune find you a stranger
from the moment of your birth?

Alas, of heavenly stock

now turned an earthly resident!
Do you not wish to be president
but the shepherd of your flock?
Lesson 4
Directions: Try to answer all questions. In general, if you
have some knowledge about a question, it is better to try to
answer it. You will not be penalized for guessing.

Questions: 1. Why did you choose this school? (Abra State

Institute of Sciences and Technology Bangued, Campus)
2. Are you happy here?
3. What are your school's strengths?
4. How much time do you spend studying per week?
5. Who are some of the notable graduates from this
school?
HIGHER EDUCATION AT UST
After completing his Bachelor of Arts (high school
diploma equivalent), Rizal’s higher education was spent
most in UST. Both Paciano and Don Francisco anted
Rizal to enter a university but Donya Teodora opposed
the idea because the Spaniards might cut-off his head.
In April, when Rizal was nearly 16 years old, he enrolled
at UST. He took Philosophy and Letters because his
father liked it, and he was uncertain as to what course he
would pursue. At first, he was attracted to priesthood.
The Jesuits fathers want him to take up farming but
Rizal’s choice was between Literature and Law and
Medicine. Having a talent for self-expression and a keen
sense of justice he would have been a brilliant lawyer.
While at UST, Rizal fell in love with three women. During
his first year, he fell in love with a woman simply called
“Miss L”, a woman with a fair, seductive and attractive eye.
The romance died like a natural death because of two
reasons: the sweet memory of Segunda Katigbak (Rizal’s firs
sweetheart) was still fresh in his memory, and Rizal’s father
did not like the family of “Miss L”. The identity of “Miss L”
is lost in history. During his sophomore year, he courted
Leonor Valenzuela (Orang), a tall girl with regal bearing. He
sent her love notes in invisible ink (combination of salt and
water).
During his junior year, Rizal had a romance with Leonor
Rivera of Camiling, Tarlac, a frail pretty girl and a
student of La Concordia College. Both Rizal and Leonor
were engaged. Rizal used a sign name “Taimis” to
camouflage their relationship from their parents.
Rizal studied at UST from 1878 to 1882. Unlike in
Ateneo, Rizal was unhappy in UST and his grades at
UST College of Medicine was not as impressive as what
he got in Ateneo Philosophy and Letters due to the
hostility of the Dominican professors to him
TRAVEL, LIFE, AND EDUCATION ABROAD
 Dr. Jose Rizal was considered as the “Most Travelled
Filipino Hero”.
 No one knows he will go abroad except only his brother
Paciano, uncle Antonio Rivera, sisters Neneng and Lucia,
the Valenzuela family, Pedro Paterno, compadre Mateo
Evangelista, Ateneo Jesuits priest, and some intimate
friends.
 His main reason in leaving the Philippines was to transfer
at the Universidad Central de Madrid in Spain and to
finish his medicine course.
 May 3, 1882 – on board the Spanish steamer Salvadora,
Rizal departed for Spain using Jose Mercado on his
travel documents.
 Before he have reached Barcelona, Spain, he passed the
Colombo, Ceylon and crossed the Indian ocean until it
reached Africa then Aden. From Aden he proceeded to
Europe and reached Italy. He stayed at the French
Harbor Marseilles for 3 days, after that he travelled by
train to Pyreness and stopped for a day in Port Bou and
continued travelling where he finally reached his
destination.
LIFE IN BARCELONA
At first, Rizal had a bad impression of Barcelona – ugly, dirty
little inns, inhospitable people – because he happened to
stay upon his arrival in a stingy hotel. Later, he changed his
mind and came to like the city – as a great city with an
atmosphere of freedom and liberalism and the people were
open-hearted, hospitable, and courageous. Rizal was
welcomed by the Filipinos in Barcelona; some were his
classmates in Ateneo. They gave him party, exchanged toast
and told Rizal of the attractions and customs of the people in
Barcelona, Rizal, in turn, gave news and gossips in the
Philippines.
While in Barcelona, Rizal received two bad news,
first was the cholera outbreak that ravaged Manila
and the provinces, the second was the chatty letter
of Chenggoy recounting the unhappiness of Leonor
Rivera, who was getting thinner due to the absence
of a loved one
LIFE IN MADRID
November 3, 1882 – Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central
de Madrid in Medicine and Philosophy and Letters. He also
studied painting and sculpture in the Academy of Fine Arts of
San Fernando, took tutoring lessons in French and English
and practiced fencing and shooting in the Hall of Arms of Sanz
Carbonell.
He spent his leisure time reading books, purchased second-
hand books, practiced shooting and fencing. At other times, he
visited his Filipino friends, fraternized with other students, and
visited the home of Don Pablo Ortega y Rey, where he
became attracted to Consuelo’s beauty and charm.
 June 19, 1885 – on his 24th birthday, Rizal was awarded the
degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the
Universidad Central de Madrid, by obtaining this degree;
he became qualified to be a professor of humanities in any
Spanish University.
 June 25, 1885 – Rizal was invited to speak in a banquet to
celebrate the double victory of two Filipino artists: Juan
Luna’s “Spoliarium” winning first place and Felix Hidalgo’s
“Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace” winning
second prize, in the National Exposition of Fine Arts in
Madrid.
 November, 1885 – Rizal went to Paris and lived there
for four months where he worked as an assistant to Dr.
Louis de Wecket, a leading French ophthalmologist.
Outside working hours, he visited his friends and even
went to Juan Luna’s studio to help by posing as a model
in several paintings.
 July 3, 1886 – Rizal wrote his first letter in German to
Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt, an Austrian ethnologist
interested in the Philippine languages, who was at that
time the Director of Ateneo of Lemeritz, Austria.
LIFE IN BERLIN
November 1, 1886 – Rizal left Dresden by train and reached
Berlin where Rizal met for the first time Dr. Feodor Jagor, a
famous German scientist-traveler and author of Travels in the
Philippines. Rizal became impressed in Berlin because of its
scientific atmosphere and absence of racial race. He lived in
Berlin in a frugal life. He worked as an assistant in Dr.
Schweigger’s clinic, attended lectures in the University of
Berlin, took private lessons under French Prof. Madame Lucie
Cerdale, performed daily exercises in a Berlin gymnasium,
observes keenly the customs, dresses, homes and occupations
of the peasants and made sketches of the things he saw.
During winter in 1886 in Berlin, he lived in poverty
because he was flat broke, he had to eat only one meal a
day consisted of bread, water, and cheap vegetable soup,
washed his clothes, resulting to his health’s break down.
Rizal went to Berlin for five reasons: to increase his
knowledge in ophthalmology, to broaden his studies of
sciences and languages, to observe political and economic
conditions of Germany, to associate with famous German
scientist and scholars, and to publish his novel, Noli Me
Tangere.
June 29, 1887
Rizal wrote to his father announcing that he is coming home.
Paciano, his family and friends warned him not to return
home because the publication of Noli Me Tangere caused
an uproar and anger among the friars in the Philippines. But,
Rizal did not heed their warning and was determined to
return home for the following reasons: to operate on his
mother’s eyes, to serve the Filipino people who were
oppressed by the Spanish tyrants, to determine how his
NOLI and other writings affected the Filipinos and
Spaniards, and to inquire the conditions of Leonor Rivera.
August 8, 1887 – Rizal returned home to Calamba,
where he was met affectionately and with plentiful
tears of joy, however his family became worried for
his safety so Paciano did not leave him during his
first days after arrival and his father did not let him
go out alone.
BRIEF STAY IN CALAMBA: upon his return from abroad,
Rizal established a medical clinic in Calamba, where his first
patient is his mother who is almost blind, thus treating his
mother’s eye. Patients from Manila and nearby provinces
flocked to Calamba for treatment. His professional fee were
reasonable and those who were poor were treated free of
charge. During his six months stay in Calamba he failed to see
Leonor Rivera. Few weeks after Rizal’s arrival in Calamba,
there were threats over Rizal’s life due to the publication of his
book “Noli”. Governor General Emilio Terrero (1885-1888)
assigned a young Spanish Lieutenant, Don Jose Taviel de
Andrade as bodyguard to prevent Rizal from being harassed.
SECOND TRIP ABROAD
February 3, 1888 – Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on
board the Zafiro.
While in Hong Kong, Jose Sainz de Varonda, a Spaniard,
was commissioned by the Spanish authorities to spy on
Rizal.
February 22, 1888 – on board the American steamer
Oceanic, Rizal left Hong Kong for Japan.
April 13, 1888 – Rizal boarded the English steamer Belgic
bound for United States.
RIZAL’S IMPRESSION OF AMERICA
Good Impressions: America is a progressive nation with
great cities, huge farms, flourishing industries and busy
factories; American people were energetic and hard-
working; the cities were beautiful; standard of living is
high; better opportunities for a better life especially the
poor immigrants.
Bad Impressions: racial prejudice existed, democracy
and freedom were only in words, not practiced; no true
civil liberty.
December 31, 1888 – A patriotic society was established
and inaugurated called Association La Solidaridad with
Rizal chosen as honorary president.
February 15, 1889 – Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the
fortnightly patriotic newspaper, La Solidaridad – in
Barcelona, Spain. Its aims were: to work for a peaceful
political and social reforms in the Philippines; to portray
the deplorable conditions of the Philippines; to oppose the
evil forces of reaction; to advocate liberal ideas and
progress; and to champion the legitimate aspirations of the
Filipino people to life, democracy, and happiness.
December 31, 1888 – A patriotic society was established
and inaugurated called Association La Solidaridad with
Rizal chosen as honorary president.
February 15, 1889 – Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the
fortnightly patriotic newspaper, La Solidaridad – in
Barcelona, Spain. Its aims were: to work for a peaceful
political and social reforms in the Philippines; to portray
the deplorable conditions of the Philippines; to oppose the
evil forces of reaction; to advocate liberal ideas and
progress; and to champion the legitimate aspirations of the
Filipino people to life, democracy, and happiness.
July 18, 1890 – Rizal wrote Mariano Ponce of his
determination to go home because of the suffering
that affected his family.
August, 1890 – upon his arrival in Madrid, he
immediately sought the help of the Filipino colony
in order to protest the injustices committed by the
governor general and Dominican friars against the
Calamba people.
December 1890 – Rizal received a letter from
Leonor Rivera announcing her coming marriage to
Englishman and asking his forgiveness.
February 1, 1891 – Rizal left Madrid for Biarritz
where he had a brief vacation and stayed as a guest
at the Bousted family and eventually fell in love with
Nelly but did not end happily
March 29, 1891 – he finished writing the manuscript
for El Filibusterismo.
May 1, 1891 – Rizal notified the Propaganda
authorities in Manila to cancel his monthly
allowance and devote the money to the education of
young Filipino students in Europe. Also, he ceased
writing articles for La Solidaridad.
May 30, 1891 – Rizal almost completed the revision
of El Filibusterismo and readied for printing.
December 21, 1891 – Rizal wrote his parents asking
permission to return home.
December 25, 1891 – it was one of the happiest yuletide
celebrations in Rizal’s life as they had a happy family
reunion.
April 20, 1892 – Rizal is back to Hong Kong.
May 8, 1892 – Rizal wanted to return to Manila to confer
with Governor Despujol regarding the Borneo Colonization
project and to established the La Liga Filipina in Manila and
to prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking him in
Madrid that he is being comfortable and safe in Hong Kong
had abandoned the country’s cause.
June 21, 1892 – Rizal and his sister Lucia left Hong
Kong for Manila. At the same date, the Spanish
consul-general who issued him a government
guarantee of safety informed Manila that the victim
is on trap, hence, a secret case was filed in Manila
against Rizal. June 26, 1892 – Rizal and his sister
Lucia arrived in Manila.
THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
PROPAGANDA means a “campaign of information as
well as a bid for sympathy”. The Propaganda Movement
was a campaign by the native Filipinos calling for reforms
in the Philippines. According to Dr. Domingo Abella, it
should have been called Counter Propaganda Movement,
because their essential task was to counteract the campaign
of misinformation that certain Spanish groups were
disseminating in Spain. The Movement started in 1890 up
to 1896.
PROMINENT MEMBERS:
JOSE RIZAL – author of Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo.
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA – publisher of La
Solidaridad.
MARIANO PONCE – movement’s secretary.
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR.
AIMS: representation of the Philippines in the
Cortes Generales; secularization of the clergy;
legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;
creation of public school system independent of
Catholic friars; abolition of polo y servicios
(labor service) and the bandala (forced sale of
local products to the government); guarantee of
basic freedoms; equal opportunity for the
Filipinos and Spanish to enter government
service.
AIMS: representation of the Philippines in the
Cortes Generales; secularization of the clergy;
legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;
creation of public school system independent of
Catholic friars; abolition of polo y servicios
(labor service) and the bandala (forced sale of
local products to the government); guarantee of
basic freedoms; equal opportunity for the
Filipinos and Spanish to enter government
service.
The Women in Rizal’s Life
1. Julia – a girl in the Pagsanjan River,
who uses to catch butterfly.
2. Segunda Katigbak – “teenage crush” - She was a comely
14-year old Batangueña from Lipa City. She also known as
―Paisana‖ but Rizal referred to her in his diary as “K”.
She was described by Rizal as gay, talkative, witty, virginal,
attractive, alluring, and beguiling.
At 16, Rizal fell in love with his “first romance”. Segunda
was boarding student at the Colegio de la Concordia
where his sister Olympia and Leonor Rivera also studied.
He found out later that Segunda was engaged to be
married to her town-mate, Manuel Luz.
3. Margarita Almeda Gomez – “Miss L” A young lady
from Pakil, Laguna. This young lady was believed to
be Leonor Valenzuela but she was not. She was
described by Rizal as with fair complexion, seductive
and with attractive eyes. Their romance died a natural
death for two reasons:
1) Rizal’s memory of Segunda was still fresh in his
heart, and
2) Rizal’s father objected their love affair.
4. Vicenta Ybardoza – “pretty colegiala” She
was also from Pakil, Laguna who was a high
school at that time. Rizal gets infatuated to her
when she played a harp. However, nobody knew
what happened later between the two.
5. Leonor Rivera –Taimis - A lady form Camiling,
Tarlac, a daughter of Antonio Rivera (Rizal‘s uncle)
and Silvestre Bauson. Rizal courted her, when she
was 13-year old and she got engaged to Rizal before
the age of 15. Their relationship was actually a
―love affair by correspondence wherein Rizal
wrote several letters to Leonor while he was in
abroad. However, their relationship ended when
she married her mother choice Charles Henry C.
Kipping. Their love affair last for 10 years
6. Consuelo Ortega y Rey – “pretty Manileña”
She was a daughter of Don Pablo Ortega y Rey (a
former civil governor of Manila.
He probably fell in love with her and Consuelo
apparently asked him for romantic verses. He
suddenly backed out before the relationship turned
into a serious romance, because he wanted to remain
loyal to Leonor Rivera and he did not want to destroy
his friendship with Eduardo de Lete who was madly in
love with Consuelo.
7. Seiko Usui – “O-Sei-San” A Japanese samurai‘s
daughter taught Rizal the Japanese art of painting
known as su-mie. Rizal was 29 at that time while Seiko
was 23. She helped Rizal improve his knowledge of
Japanese language. They spent a happy month
together visiting old temples and art galleries. If Rizal
was a man without a patriotic mission, he would have
married this lovely and intelligent woman and lived a
stable and happy life with her in Japan because
Spanish legation there offered him a lucrative job.
8. Gertrude Beckett – “Gettie” An English girl with
brown hair, blue eyes and pink cheeks. When Rizal
was in London, he boarded in the house of the
Beckett family. During rainy days when Rizal stayed at
home, Gettie helped him mixed his colors for
paintings or assisted in preparing the clay for
sculpturing. Then Rizal realized that their friendship
was drifting to a serious affair, he drove to Paris in
1889 leaving Gertrude behind. He could not return
the English girl‘s affection and marry her because of
loyalty to Leonor Rivera
9. Suzanne Jacoby – “pretty girl in Brussels,
Belgium” She was a pretty niece of Rizal‘s
landlady. Suzanne was deeply fallen in love with
him, she cried when Rizal left for Madrid
towards the ends of July, 1890.
10. Nellie Boustead – “almost wife” She was a daughter of
Eduardo Boustead; they met when Rizal was a guest in the
Boustead family. She was described as gay-hearted, sports-
minded, highly intelligent, vivacious in temperament and
morally upright. Nelly was infatuated with Rizal but Rizal, at
first, loved Adelina. Antonio Luna, who had previously loved
and lost Nelly, encouraged Rizal court and marries her, Rizal
having lost his beloved Leonor Rivera came to entertain
considerable affection for Nelly. However, their love affair
didn‘t has a happy ending because of two reasons: a) he
refused to give up his Catholic faith, and 2) Nelly’s mother did
not like Rizal as a son-in-law.
11. Pastora Necesario – “Totak” She was a weaver of
cloth at Dapitan.as a sign of love, Rizal gave her a
statue of a woman and also sent her letters of love and
concern. When Rizal was executed in Bagumbayan,
she married Gonzalo Carreon of Dapitan
12. Josephine Bracken – “unhappy wife” In the last days of
February 1895, while still in Dapitan, Rizal met an 18-year old
petite Irish girl, with bold blue eyes, brown hair and a happy
disposition. She was the adopted daughter of George Taufer
from Hong Kong, who came to Dapitan to seek Rizal for eye
treatment. Rizal was physically attracted to her. His loneliness
and boredom must have taken the measure of him and what
could be a better diversion that to fall in love again. But the
Rizal sisters suspected Josephine as an agent of the friars and
they considered her as a threat to Rizal‘s security.
ANDRES BONIFACIO
 He joined Rizal‘s La Liga Filipina, being one of the 20 attendees in the
meeting administered by Rizal at the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at
Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila on July 3, 1892.
 He founded the Katipunan on July 7, 1892, when Rizal was to be
deported to Dapitan. Considerably inspired by Jose Rizal, they elected
him as honorary president and the Katipuneros used his name as one
of their passwords.
 Instead of using the old Spanish spelling of letter “c” for the name of
the society, Bonifacio preferred the Tagalog spelling of “k”, as
suggested by Rizal on his earlier La Solidaridad article as a way of
promoting nationalism.
Connection to Andres Bonifacio
 He used May Pag-asa as his pseudonym in the society. the Katipunan
created its organ, Kalayaan (Freedom) in which Bonifacio wrote several
articles like the poem Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love for One´s
Homeland) under the penname Agapito Bagumbayan.
 Together with Emilio Jacinto, and Guillermo Masangkay had entered the pier
where Rizal‘s ship was docked. Jacinto personally met with Rizal but the
physician refused the suggestion to escape and join Katipunan‘s imminent
uprising. - He wrote a Tagalog translation of the Mi Ultimo Adios entitled
Pahimakas.
 He was first married to Monica who died of leprosy; then in 1893 to
Gregoria de Jesus of Caloocan. Gregoria and Andres had one son named
Andres (Junior) who died of smallpox at young age.
Connection to Aguinaldo
 Three days after the execution of Rizal, his common-law wife
immediately joined the Katipunan forces in Cavite. Initially hesitant to
admit her in the group, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo nonetheless even
provided Josephine with lessons in shooting and horseback riding.
Bracken helped Aguinaldo‘s group in taking care of the sick and
wounded.
 Two years after Rizal‘s martyrdom, Aguinaldo as head of the Philippine
Revolutionary Government issued a decree proclaiming December 30
of every year a national day of mourning in honor of Jose Rizal.
 He died because of coronary thrombosis at age 94.
ANTONIO LUNA
 He collaborated with other Filipino expatriates like Rizal in
working for the Propaganda Movement. Writing for La
Solidaridad, he once contributed the article Impressions
which discussed Spanish unique traditions and customs
under the pen- name “Taga-ilog”. He also managed the
paper La Independencia. Luna was good in sharpshooting,
swords and military ability. Rizal challenged him for a duel
for the chance to court Nellie Boustead, eventually Luna
surrendered and Rizal formally courted Boustead.
EXILE IN DAPITAN
 Rizal lived in the house of Captain Carcinero, and later became friends.
Captain Carcinero believed that Rizal had fine qualities and personality
and was not a filibuster; as a result, the captain gave Rizal complete
freedom to go anywhere reporting only once a week to him.
 August, 1893 – his mother, sister Narcisa and Trinidad, and some
nephews came to visit Rizal and eventually decided to live with him for
one-and-a-half year.
 November 3, 1893 – a certain Pablo Mercado pretended to be Rizal’s
relative but found out later that he was hired by the Recollect friars to
spy on Rizal’s activities and was asked to steal letters and writings
which will incriminate him in the revolutionary movement.
FACTORS THAT LED TO RIZAL’S EXECUTION
The Spanish colonial government accused Rizal for three crimes:
Illegal association for founding La Liga Filipina; Rebellion for
publication of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo; and Sedition
for criticizing the Catholic religion aiming for exclusion from the
Filipino culture and dedicating El Filibusterismo to the three
traitors (GomBurZa) and for emphasizing on the novel’s title that
“the only salvation for the Philippines was the separation from
the mother colony (Spain).
EVIDENCES ON RIZAL’S PROSECUTION
The prosecution drew information from the dossier on Rizal which
detailed his subversive activities of which some are the following:
writing and publication of Noli Me Tangere; Annotations to Morga’s
History in the Philippines; El Filibusterismo and various articles which
criticized the friars and suggested their expulsion; El Filibusterismo
was dedicated to the three martyrs priest who were executed as
traitors; the establishment of masonic lodges which became the
propaganda and fund raising center to support subversive activities
and establishment of centers in Madrid, Hong Kong, and Manila to
propagate his ideas.
EFFECTS OF RIZAL’S EXECUTION REBELLION.
The Philippine independence struggle turned more violent, first
led by Andres Bonifacio and later by Emilio Aguinaldo as Rizal’s
death filled the rebels with new determination.
SPANISH-FILIPINO PEACE PACT.
After three years of bloodshed, an agreement was signed in
Hong Kong declaring that the Spanish Governor of the
Philippines would pay Aguinaldo the equivalent of US$800,000
and Aguinaldo, being the rebel leader, and his government would
go into exile in Hong Kong.
SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
The war broke out in April 1898, where Spain’s fleet as easily defeated
at Manila. Aguinaldo returned and his 12,000 troops kept the Spanish
forces bottled up until U.S. troops landed.
PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE.
Emilio Aguinaldo issued a declaration of Philippine Independence on
June 12, 1898.
TREATY OF PARIS.
An agreement signed on December 10, 1898 by the United States and
Spain, ceding the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico to United States;
recognizing Cuban Independence; and giving US$20 million to Spain.
REVOLUTIONARY CONGRESS.
A congress was convened in Malolos which promulgated a
constitution on January 21, 1898, and inaugurated Emilio
Aguinaldo as the president of the new republic.
Last Homecoming and Trial (1896)
 October 6, 1896 – at 3:00 am, Rizal was awakened by the guards and
escorted to the grim and infamous prison-fortress named Monjuich.
About 2:00 in the afternoon, Rizal was taken out of prison by the guards
and brought to the headquarters of General Despujol.
 On the same date, at 8:00 pm, Rizal left Barcelona through the ship Colon
“full of soldiers and guards and their families”.
 October 8, 1896 – a friendly officer told Rizal that the Madrid newspaper
were full of stories about the bloody revolution in the Philippines and
were blaming him for it.
 October 11, 1896 – before reaching Port Said, Rizal’s diary was taken away
and was critically scrutinized by the authorities. November 2, 1896 –
the diary was returned to Rizal
 Attorney Hugh Fort – an English lawyer in Singapore – his friends (Dr.
Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez) dispatched frantic telegrams to Fort
to rescue Rizal from the Spanish steamer when it reached Singapore by
means of W rit of Habeas Corpus.
 Chief Justice Lionel – denied the writ of habeas corpus on the ground
that the Colon was carrying Spanish troops to the Philippines.
 November 3, 1896 – the Colon reached Manila, where it was greeted with
wild rejoicing by the Spaniards and friars because it brought more
reinforcements and military supplies.
 November 20, 1896 – the preliminary investigation of Rizal began.
 Colonel Francisco Olive – the judge advocate. Two kinds of evidence were
presented against Rizal, namely documentary and testimonial.
Trial
 November 26, 1896 – after the preliminary investigation, Colonel
Olive transmitted the records of the case to Governor Dominguez as
a Judge advocate o institute the corresponding action against Rizal.
 After studying the papers, Judge advocate General, Don Nicolas de la
Peña, submitted the following recommendations:
1. The accused be immediately brought to trial;
2. He should be kept in prison;
3. An order of attachment be issued against his property to the
amount of one million pesos as indemnity,
4. He should be defended in court by an army officer, not by a civilian
lawyer.
The Last Hours – December 29, 1896

 6:00 am – Captain Rafael Dominguez, who

was designated by Governor General
Camilo Polavieja to take charge of all
arrangements for execution of condemned
prisoner, read the death sentence to Rizal -
to be on December 30, 1896 shot at the
back by a firing squad at 7:00 am in
Bagumbayan.
The Last Hours – December 29, 1896

 7:00 am – Rizal was moved to the

prison chapel, while he spent his last
moments. His first visitors were Father
M iguel Saderra M ata (Rector of
Ateneo Municipal), and Father Luis
Viza, Jesuit teacher
The Last Hours – December 29, 1896

 8:00 am – Father Antonio Rosell

arrived to relieve Father Viza. Rizal
invited him to join him at breakfast,
which he did. After breakfast, Lt. Luis
Taviel de Andrade came, and Rizal
thanked him for his gallant services.
The Last Hours – December 29, 1896

9:00 am – Fr. Federico Faura

arrived. Rizal reminded him that he
said that (Rizal) would someday lose
his head for writing the Noli.
“Father”, Rizal remarked, “You are
indeed a prophet.”
The Last Hours – December 29, 1896

 10:00 am - Father Jose Villaclara (Rizal’s

teacher at Ateneo) and Vicente Balaguer
(Jesuit missionary in Dapitan who had
befriended Rizal during the latter’s exile)
visited the hero. After them came Spanish
journalist, Santiago Mataix, who
interviewed Rizal for his newspaper El
Heraldo de Madrid.
The Last Hours – December 29, 1896
 12:00 am (noon) to 3:30 pm – Rizal was left
alone in his cell. He took lunch after he was
busy writing. It was probably during this time
when he finished his farewell poem and hid it
inside his alcohol cooking stove which was given
to him as a gift by Paz Pardo de Tavera during
his visit to Paris in 1890, at the same time; he
wrote his last letter to Prof. Blumentritt in
German.
The Last Hours – December 29, 1896
8:00 pm – Rizal had his last supper.
He informed Captain Dominguez
who was with him that he forgave
his enemies, including the military
judges who condemned him to
death
The Last Hours – December 29, 1896

3:00 am – Rizal heard Mass,

confessed his sins, and took
Holy Communion.
The Last Hours – December 29, 1896
 5:30 am – Rizal took his last breakfast on earth.
After this, he wrote two letters, the first
addressed to his family and the second to his
older brother Paciano.
 Josephine Bracken, accompanied by a sister of
Rizal (Josefa), arrived. Josephine, with tears in
her eyes, bade him farewell. Rizal embraced her
for the last time and before she left, Rizal gave
her a last gift – a religious book, Imitation of
Christ.
The Last Hours – December 29, 1896
 6:00 am – As the soldiers were getting
ready for the death M arch to
Bagumbayan, Rizal wrote his last letter
to his beloved parents.
 6:30 am – a trumpet sounded at Fort
Santiago, a signal to begin the death
march to Bagumbayan, the designated
place for the execution.
The Last Hours – December 29, 1896
Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo – a Spanish
military physician, asked Rizal
permission to feel his pulse and was
amazed to find it normal showing that
Rizal was not afraid to die.
The Last Hours – December 29, 1896

7:03 am – Rizal died in the

bloom of manhood – aged
35 years, five months and 11
days