NAME: MUHAMMAD SARWAR AZEEM

SEAT NO: H-1801054 (REPEATER)

MSC FINAL YEAR

ENROLLMENT NO: SCI/ACH/KU-3039/2018

COURSE # 603 (CRE)

SUBMITTED TO: SIR ASAD KHAN

Assignment: Analysis of Batch Reactor Data Using Differential

method.
INTRODUCTION TO BATCH REACTOR:

A batch reactor is nothing more than a vessel to keep the contents as they react because it
is simple to understand the findings of such runs,the experimental Batch Reactor is often
operated isothermally and at constant volume.This reactor is comparatively easy to use
tool that can be used in a small-scale laboratory setup.Moreover, it requires
instrumentation or supplementary equipment.As a result,it is utilized to get homogenous
kinetic data whenever possible.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

A batch reactor has neither inflow nor outflow of reactants or products while the reaction
is being carried out.This is an unsteady state operation where composition changes with
time.However,at any constant the composition throughout the reactor is uniform.
DIFFERENTIAL METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF DATA:

The differential method of analysis deals directly with the differential rate equation to be
tested, evaluating all terms in the equation including the derivative dCA/dt, and testing the
goodness of fit of the equation with experiment. The procedure is as follows:

1. Plot the CA Vs time data. This curve most likely will not pass through all the
experimental points.
2. Determine the slope of the curve at suitably selected concentration values. These
slopes dCA/dt = rA are the rates of reaction at these compositions.
3. Picking and testing a particular rate form, -rA= kf(CA) or testing an nth-order form
-rA =k CAn by taking logarithms of the rate equation.

Assuming an elementary reaction with a power law rate expression, a logarithmic plot of
the rate of change of reactant concentration vs concentration will result in a slope
equivalent to “n” , the reaction order with respect to the chosen reactant

DERIVATION:

Consider a following reaction that occurs in a constant volume batch reactor.

A B

Rate law is given as:

-rA=kCAn

And

-dCA/dt =kCAn

Where,

dCA/dt = slope= (Y2-Y1)/(X2-X1)

By taking natural logarithm of the equation (1)

ln (dCA/dt)= lnk + lnC

From this equation we fit the nth order rate equation data.
STEP 1:

The concentration of the reactant or product can also be plotted as a function of time to
visualize the behavior of the reactor.The initial concentration of the reactant will decrease
with time, and the concentration of the product will increase with time.The reaction rate
will decrease as the concentration of the reactant decreases.

TIME (Hr) CA (mol/litre)

0 3
0.05 1.32
0.15 0.994
0.2 0.912
0.3 0.804
0.4 0.734
0.6 0.644

Graph:
STEP 2:

TIME (Hr) CA (mol/litre) CA” d CA/dt

0 3
0.05 1.32 1.157 3.26
0.15 0.994 0.953 1.64
0.2 0.912 0.858 1.08
0.3 0.804 0.035 0.7
0.4 0.734 0.689 0.45
0.6 0.644

dCA/dt= 1.32-0.994/0.15-0.05

CA” = (1.32+0.994)/2

Graph:
STEP 3:

ln CA” ln (-dCA/dt)
0.145 1.18
-0.048 0.49
-0.153 0.07
-3.352 -0.36
-0.372 -0.8

Graph:

ln(-rA)=lnk+nlnCA

Slope = n=3.76 =4

Intercept=lnk= 0.646

Slope=Y2-Y1/X2-X1
So, the reaction is 4th order.
Rate Constant=K= 1.90 (L/mol)3.
APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL METHOD:

Kinetic methods of analysis uses the rate of chemical and physical processes to determine
an analytes’s concentration.Three types of kinetics methods are there:Chemical kinetic
methods, radio chemical methods and flow injection methods.

Chemical kinetic methods use the rate of chemical reaction and either its integrated or
differential rate law.

In a differential kinetic method we measure the rate of the reaction at a time t, and use the
differential form of the rate law to determine analytes’s concentration.

Chemical kinetic methods are particularly useful for reactions that are too slow for other
analytical methods.For reactions with fast kinetics, automation allows for sampling rates
of more than 100 samples per hour.Another important application of analysis of data
using differential to the point is the quantitative analysis of enzymes and their substrates,
and the characterization of enzyme catalysis.