NAIAI AAIAIAIANIAIAAAA NAAJAIAIAIA

IGiKAIIMMATAlIAIMIAMIMiUN NAMNSEAAA

Chapter 5.3
WHITE WASHING, COLOUR WASHING.
DISTEMPERING, PAINTINGG
AND VARNISHING
NAIAKAAIAAIAAIAAIAAAIAA AAIAAAIAJAILAA

INTRODUCTION

White washing, colour washing and distempering areall

building finishes. Their main purpose is to protect the surface
from atmospheric effects and provide decorative effects.

5.3.1 WHITE WASHING

White washing is carried out in 3 steps and they are

a) Preparation of white wash

b) Preparation of surface

Application of white wash.

PPp White wash is made from pure fat lime or shell hme
dissolved in 2,tub with sufficient quantity of water ands

thoroughly stored with a wooden pole, until it attains the

througha
consistency of their cream. This mixture is strained
adaeu
clean coarse cloth. Clean gum dissolved in hot water is
cream.
in the proportion of 4 kg of gum per m* of thin
prevent glare and to obtain pleasing effect indigo is also adade
in proportion of 3kg/m*.

5.3.1.1 Preparation of surface

and

The wall surface is thoroughly cleaned, brushea

ma
rendered free of from mortar droppings and other
foreign
ensur
If the surface is smooth it is rubbed with sand-paper to

proper adhesion of white wash.

5.16
 SomlaM uma
Tcase of rewhite washing all loose
off by steel wire
materials and scales
are
scrapped
brushes or steel
i t e wash is removed with sand scrappers. The
loose
paper and the holes are
filled with lime putty. The greasy spots should be
ofa
given a coat
ixture of rice water and sand so that the wash may stick

the surface. In places like

kitchens where the
places have
ndiscoloured by smoke or other reasons the surfaces should
give ACoat of a mixture of wood-ash in water before applying
white wash. 4.mk lkunf

5.3.1.2 Application of White-wash

White wash is applied in three coats for new work and

one or two coats for old work. Each coat consists of a stroke of

the brush applied from the top downwords, another stroke

applied from the bottom upwards over the first stroke, and
similarly one stroke is applied horizontally from the right and
another from the left, before the next one is applied. Each coat
should be allowed to dry before the next one is applied.

5.3.2 COLOUR WASHING

A colour-wash is usually prepared by adding the

pigments in suitable quantities to the

necessary culouring
screened white-wash or liquid mixture of white wash. It should
be eusired that the cuiouring pigment is not affected by the

prese oflime. T'h. colour-wash is applied in the same manner

as white-wasi. ' e oiour wash is constantly stored with a

stick during the use. The quantity of colour wash which is just

time in the
day's work should be prepared at a
enough for the
morng
On new surfaces a coat of white-wash should be applied

Iirst and this also acts as a priming coat.

5.17
5.3.3 DISTEMPERING

Distempering is the proces of applying distemno

the surfaces easily and at a lesser cost than n. pers over
than paints and
varnishes.

5.3.3.1 Preparation of Surfaces

The surface to be distempered should be

thoroue
rubbed with a sand paper and cleaned. While distemne ghly
the following facts should be considered. pering
1. New plastered surfaces should be allowed to dry for
atleast 2 months before applying distemper.
2. Surface should be free from efilorescence patches
These patches are to be wiped by clean cloth.
3. Cracks and holes should be filled with lime putty.
4. Old distemper if present should be removed by
profuse
watering.
5.3.3.2 APPLICATION OF DISTEMPER

Priming coat
After preparing the surface, a priming coat is applied and
left to dry. For ready-made distempers the priming coat will
consist of recommended materials and for local distemper
material, milk is used as a priming coat.
Coats of Distemper

The first coat of distemper is then applied on the surta

The
It should be of a light tint and applied with great care:
ome
second coat is applied after the first coat has dried and beco
hard.

Facts to be considered while applying coats are

Distempering should be done in dry weathe

achieve better results.
5.18
 Application of distemper by a spraying pistol is
2
superior to that by brushes. Spraying affords smooth
and durable film of distemper.

APPLICATION OF VARNISHING
s34

The application of varnish on the wood work is carried

out in the following way.

1. Preparation of surface:
The wood work is thoroughly rubbed down by means of
sand paper or pumice stone. The surface is then made
smooth and clean.

2. Knotting:
The process of knotting is then carried out as in case of

painting.
3. Stopping:
The surface of wood work is then stopped. This is done

by means of hot weak glue size. It will fill up the pores on

the surface. IN of glue will form about one litre of glue

size. Alternatively, the boiled linseed oil can be applied
in two coats, when the surface becomes dry, it should be
once again rubbed down with sand paper.
4. Coats of Varnish:
The Varnish is then applied on the surface in thin coats.
The next coat is applied after the previous one has

thoroughly dried up. The varnishing should not be done

with ordinary paint brushes. But fine hairs brushes
should be used.
*****

5.19