4 Syllabus revision 4 Statistics and probability 1 syllabus content S41. [Book session en amet [] Splabas wording ‘Concepts of population, sample, random sample, discrete ad ‘etinous dh You need tobe able ea date ar continous or ieee (Question Tien in context wht the poplason x, what he ample isn wheter iit eam, ‘ae in sampling ‘Went a npg (eens forthe arp ‘wold mae oF ve type of oie) eat reiblty of data ily the oasteey of ie they a0, 7 ‘Deal wih nesng Gt or eronr inthe econding of Interpretation Tours ‘Know hata ule i dined a more than 15> 1QR frome ‘henearest quail, nde able to sugges how to determine ites cule hold be retoved foe he stale oOmao\joog “Sampling esniques abd ee sltetivnet, ‘Be able to en and esate the following sping + tetigues, + simple random + uote + Sti $4.2 [ook section se Revie [] ‘Slate wording You need ob abe Question dlstbtions Vistograms Tetrpe fequeny histograms. ‘Cumulative Fequncy gph. Teer cumulative equeey gph, ncodiog ading sing @ 10R-2,-2, Tolerpet box and whisker diagrams, nclading ung ‘hem compare dstbuton and wether symety to oOoan0 $4.3 | poo secon Revie ‘Silas wording Tou need ob alt Qecrtion ‘Mensues of central ender. ‘Calelate he mean, median and mode of ata i ‘oe be frm or the mean of aa, where TEaimatonofmeen fom groomed sa ‘se milsncrval ales eimai the meen of rooped re Model cigs. Find the moda dase for grouped data using ables or histogeans. ‘Measures of epson, Use echlogy ocak Mandar deviation od ss nergarle ngs UR), Tit of onsen changes on he nlelote he mean and standard deviation (nd her sa) of te new dst afer conta change ‘Quatles of dace at se techalogy tobi ual, oojojojo|; a4 Statistics and probability $4.4 tome LI] Slabs wording Ton needa bs let ection Tine correltion of vate dita: eases product moment ‘ortltoncoeticien, ‘alelate he soreiatin soit of bvarate da wing teclog. ad terpet he sul nlang Being aware ‘that oration doe ot imply easton ‘Sear dogs Estimate thei of bes it by eye koowing at abou pas throug se meas pint, 2 ‘Egston oe repression Une of yon Coeute the equation of ie repens ag teshaoogy a ‘Use ofthe equation ofthe tegrrson ine for redition ‘sete regres ine while being aware ofthe anger of ‘extopoltion Be aware of when ay ons repression lines expe the meaning ofthe parameter, and bn incor featsson othe meaning ofthe parameter to context Picenive nar model Cresta we pace near model z goo;ojoo;oa % ‘Definons Tn probabey $4.5 [Hook season 74 aeveed DI Sylar wording Tou need ob alt ection @ PAnM-PAPe Cerf wi sme ey Exim bya et Syeacen mitie ey, 7» oO tanger ndoe Te olin eal adic airy ang oi wb » oO ma 6 nnn coplanar vain) ln obey ofan ce cing a rok me rng »o @ nosne Tepe oreo lear may ine ace wie ae sstinvogtemmeratesteenttepacaty | O) Fra eae $4.6 [ook secionta | Revies |] Sieber Towne al Donon sofVenedapans ier | Use enndgrans oaie amalon sain) siagrams, sample space cngrams | probabilities Oo tints oouroes octae Ue ds ogni norman ala robbs probes Intesdugrm yon matiiysingtbe 32] eas ool wena Use emp spe dans oie rman ad fied peababities a O peobabltis « O Crab a Wowie salon 7 aeaing od caring Motwit tenon AOpen derBortet | Fy @ PAV B= MA)+ PB) PAB) ‘aay oacve sca Kv tatty cue mens tt wo ae cto hous at PA =. « O ‘here @ MAW) = PD) Canal poy oh PU) ean he poli oa gwar [Srgpse Une en ng esd ee cepa crite fasconertoiedcondcene! |°7 ovate pao Kew tif ea Aaa ep Mecca io36 Syllabus revision Diner random vari $4.7 Book Sean ta [Reve] ‘Siar wording Toned Beale Deesion ‘oneecairete random | Cate pbsiiy dibs Tom coat =O vasblcand tie diatn, [Gece ft at lpi ie oy istration equals «Oo Taped ale Ga rare | Ure ata, ® B= Lwa-» « O “opine er Kron EO) = Onder pmeitR eens |g Tio $4.8 |ioacsccima [Romer DY ‘Sahar wording Toned beset Deron ‘nora dba Recogeie ta ifs uation a Satis amber of tals * gui thal can be clase ino wo, scene and “ier + feed rabbit of being in each reap + inpendet ri then th ser f sccets allow iso drain, «oO a ‘Mean nd variance of te binomial Toe BuO -np @ Varix)= ned -p) were ithe number of sceete when there ae binomial ial cach wth a probability po sucess. «© O ‘Noval itibation $4.9 Book Sesion © [Revied [] Sas rng owned beable Deetion Tee rma isrbin ad | Reson tty awl store wl need curve; propery fhe nore ‘ston ya rmal distor, One way to validate is ose ‘the fc hat abou 6% of somal sited data souls fll wibin pe standard deviation of the ea, sou 95° within two sanard deviations a abou 9875 itn hrs «oO ‘Diagrammatic representation Resopize hata normal iribaon ca berepresri srbabiiy o ‘fata variable ligne given interval » oO Tver nora aula Fora given probability. ind the boupdary of the egon t » oO $4.10 “ony repression Reet [] Silas wording Ten needa be able ection ‘Use your GDC ta ind he eresion lin fon for sve data et. s O ‘Ue oth euation or predition ‘Usetbe regression fine o prod wales fx forgiven valve of es O4 Statistics and probability 7 ermal conallonl probability $4.11 (Hook Secson 198 Roret LT] ‘Slab warding Yow eed the ale Deaton oral inion sds oft [Fn cononl prota ng te ola fans hans) 7 ual y= PAB conditional babs s probabilities, and P(AlB) = P(A) for Inaepenen ects $4.12 [Book secon 96 Silas wording Desion ‘Standardization fecrmal ‘ribs (talus sean and standard deviation are pve idan uokoown nian end wandard deviation,Syllabus revision © Practice questions 1 Determine whether each of the following variables is continuous o diserete, a Number of people in family ‘b Time fora nucieus to dey. © Agein complete yous. 2A doctor wants o find out whether exercise can lowe the incidence of illness. He aks patients who ‘come this clinic to fill na survey about her exercise habits. 20% of them aprce to do this. 1 Suggest possible population thatthe doctor is intrested in. Is his sample random? 3 Is the sampling in question? likely tobe biased? Justify your answer. 4 Five independent groups of people were asked to estimate the length ofan arrow whieh it Sem long, ‘The average forthe groups was 46cm, 46cm, 47em, 4 Bem, 4 Sem. Does this sugges thatthe results arerelsble? 5 Five people were asked to record their height in mets ACLS BLS G17 D:S10 E160 Suggest which data item i an eror, What shoul be done with this item? 6 A dataset as ower quartile Vand upper quartile I. Explain wiy 18 should be considered an outlier, ‘and suggest how to determine if it shouldbe exclude from the daa4 Statistics and probability 17 Write down the sampling method used by the doctor in question 2 8 A language school consists of students from ether Hay or Spain. There re 60 fom Kaly and 90 from ‘Spain. Ina statified sample of 20 students, how many should be frm aly? 9 Forte following frequency table, find the proportion of data items above 20 Preweney 5 2 10 For he following histogram, estimate the numberof data items above 25,Syllabus revision 11 For she flowing cumulative frequency graph find A themedian| bb the interquartile range the 90th percentile of * 200 : 10] 10 49] 129] 100| 20] 60] 40] 20] To 20 30 40-30 60 70 80 90100 * 12 Sketch box and whisker pot forthe sample below 12, 13,15, 16,16, 18, 18, 19,20. 13 For the following box and whisker plots: 2 Compace the two dissibutons 'b- Determine, with justification, which ofthe two distributions is more likly tobe a normal Aistribuion AMES) x4 Statistics and probability 4 Al Wes an, median nd ade iin dt Teta ta rr iao sa 38 Ail 5 Teemande 48,2, 94nd havea meas of Bnd JB 16 + timate te mean of he allowing roped dt = Were Benes were wee@ 0 2 is © 1b Explain why iis only an estimate 17 Find the modal lass for the data below Frequency i 2 5 ® JiR For ta 6,7 9,12, 1,22 id Thelma age the standard deviation the variance 19 A set of data has mean 12 and standard deviation 10. Every item inthe data ets doubled, then 4 is ‘added on, Find the mean and standard devietion ofthe ne data set.2 Syllabus revision Ah 2 nt gms wing dat rissa i535 2490 21 a Calculate Pearson's product moment correlation coeficient forthe flowing dat: ylo[tstetes ‘Interpret your es, 22 The following diagram shows a set of 10 ta items withthe mean pont labelled with across, 2 15 top x °% 5 10 1s” * 42 Sketch onalline of best fit 1b Hence estimate y when = 3, 23 Find the y-on- regression Line for the fllowing data, in which yis dependent on x. yt>stef?foletstefstw lw4 Statistics and probability a 24 Use your answer to question 23 to estimate: 1 y when Wy whenx= 20 1 xwhen, 'b Which ofthe predictions made in part ais valid 2ustify your answer. 25_A social scientist investigates how the number of ext messages sent by pupils each day (3) depends om ‘the numberof hout they spend on social medi each day(s) He finds the regression line y= 6+ Lt Interpret what each ofthe fllowing numbers me in context. a 67 bis 26 A veterinary researcher beieves tha the growth ofa breed of snake is very different during the frst si months compared tothe next six months, She collects the following data showing the length (L cm) and age (4 months) of sample of snakes. tp+f*)s|«>w |» | «pw ‘4 Createa piecewise linear model to teflect the researcher's elit bb Use your answer to pat ato estimate the length of 3-month-old snake ofthis breed 227 A coinis lipped 200 times and 134 heads are observed. Estimate the probability of observing a ead ‘when the con lipped 28 Find the probability of rolling a prime number ona fir ssid dice.Syllabus revision 6, find PU, {30 fthere are 30 pupils in a ‘numberof absent pupils. andthe probability ofa stent being absent is 0.05, find the expected {31 Ina cass of 30 students, 1 study French, 18 study Spanish and 4 study both languages. Find the probability that a randomly chosen student studies neither French nor Spanish, {32 A érawer contains thrce white socks and five black socks, Two socks ae drawn without replacement, ‘a Find PCndsock is black|istsock s whit) 1b Find the probability thatthe sock ae diferent colours 33. A fle foursided dices town tice, ‘2 Whatisthe probability zat the total score i greater than 5? b atthe score is greater than 5, whats the probability that itis 7? 34100 students were asked whether they preferred soccer or ericket. They were also asked i they prefer ‘mathematics or art. The results are summarized below ‘Mathematee © 20 4 Find ihe valueots bb Find the probability that a randomly chosen student prefers mathematics to at 3 find PAW Bp4 Statistics and probability 4s 6 a Pn » a 2 Events And B are mut exclusive. IFP(4) = 0 and P(B) = 0.2, find PA WB, For the sample in question 34, determine the probability that a randomly chosen person who prefers soccer also prefers mathematics, Independent events 4 and Bate such that (4) = 04 and PB) 6. Find PB, [A drawer contains three white socks and fur black socks, Two socks are drawn at random withost replacement. Find the probabil distribution of W, the aumber of white socks dwn, ‘Tho random variable Xcan take vals 0,1 or 2 with probability PU Find the value of eb. For the distribution given below, find EW). Pan os | oa) ‘The value of prizes ($) won by an individual each month na prize draw is shown below. os | ows | vos ‘© Given that an individual wins a prize ind the probability that itis $2000. 1b Find the probability of winning more than the expected amount.46 Syllabus revision 48 The gain, $4, oF player in a game of chance follows the distribution shown inthe abe Pam os |e] a Find the value ofthat would make the game fir 444A érawer contains 5 black socks and 10 red socks, Four socks are drawn at random without replacement Explain why the mma of black socks drawa doesnot Follow a binomial distribution, 45 11s a random variable following a binomial distribution wit ive trials anda probability of sucess 9f 0, find a PuY=2) b P=, 46 A biased coin has «probability of 06 of showing a hea. Is tossed 10 times. This experiment is epeated many times 44 Find the expected mean numberof heads. ‘Find he expected standard devition in the number of heads, 47 The time fora child to leara «now dance move is found to ave a mcan of2 weeks and a standard * ‘4 What festure ofthis graph suggests normal distribution might be a good model forthe outcome of the experiment? Visually estimate the mean ofthe di 49 A.rondom normal variable has meen 12 and standard deviation 2 Find the probability that an ‘observation is between IV and 15, ‘50 A random normal variable has metn 100 and standard devitin 15. The probability of being above ‘bis 07. Find the value of 51 Find the equation of the regression line of x on» forthe following data [1] ?]>]7s]7*]s]7] +48 Syllabus revision '52 Based on data with yvalueshetween IS and 30 anda correlation coeticent of 0.8, the following regression lines foun: = 1sDy— 11s ‘4 Use this line w predic the value of x when 1 y=20 1» Comment on the reliability of your predietions in each ease 53 P(A) = 06 and PAB) 04. Find PA} 54 P(4)~02, P(B) 08 and AWB) 07, Determine whether 4 and ae independent '55 Given that X17 (10, 4.8, find how many standard deviations x= 17s from the mean 56 X-N t,o") with POX 12) 03 and PCY 34) 02, Find wand o,