SIMPLE HERMONIC

MOTION
YOUR TEACHER-SUMAN ROY(B.SC HONS, B. TECH)
SUBJECT-PHYSICS
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SIMPLE HERMONIC MOTION
• Simple harmonic motion can be described as an oscillatory motion in which the
acceleration of the particle at any position is directly proportional to the displacement
from the mean position. It is a special case of oscillatory motion.
•
• All the Simple Harmonic Motions are oscillatory and also periodic, but not all oscillatory
motions are SHM. Oscillatory motion is also called the harmonic motion of all the
oscillatory motions, wherein the most important one is Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM).
•
• In this type of oscillatory motion, displacement, velocity and acceleration, and force vary
(w.r.t time) in a way that can be described by either sine (or) the cosine functions
collectively called sinusoids.
PERIODIC MOTION

A motion repeats itself after an equal interval of time. For example, uniform
circular motion.
There is no equilibrium position.
There is no restoring force.
There is no stable equilibrium position
Oscillatory Motion:-

-To and fro motion of a particle about a mean position is called an oscillatory motion in
which a particle moves on either side of the equilibrium (or) mean position is an oscillatory
motion.
-It is a kind of periodic motion bounded between two extreme points. For example, the
oscillation of a simple pendulum, spring-mass system.
The object will keep on moving between two extreme points about a fixed point is called
the mean position (or) equilibrium position along any path (the path is not a constraint).
-There will be a restoring force directed towards the equilibrium position (or) mean
position.
-In an oscillatory motion, the net force on the particle is zero at the mean position.
The mean position is a stable equilibrium position.
SIMPLE HERMONIC MOTION

A straight line between the two extreme points (the path of

SHM is a constraint).
The path of the object needs to be a straight line.
There will be a restoring force directed towards the
equilibrium position (or) mean position.
The mean position in Simple Harmonic Motion is a stable
equilibrium.
Condition For SHM

i) F ∝ -X
ii) a∝-x

The conditions that must be met to produce SHM is

that the restoring force needs to be proportional to the
displacement. In contrast, it acts opposite to the
direction of motion and has no drag forces or friction
MEAN POSITION

The point at which net force acting on the particle is zero.

From the mean position, the force acting on the particle is
F∝-x

Conditions at Mean Position

F=0

a=0

The force acting on the particle is negative of

the displacement. So, this point of equilibrium
will be a stable equilibrium.
equationSimple hermonic motion
Consider a particle of mass (m) executing Simple Harmonic Motion along a path x o x; the
mean position at O. Let the speed of the particle be v0 when it is at position p (at a distance
no from O).

At t = 0, the particle at P (moving towards the right)

At t = t, the particle is at Q (at a distance x from O)

With a velocity (v).

The restoring force F at Q is given

by
F=-Kx
here,K is a positive constant
F=ma
a=acceleration at Q
ma=-Kx
Or, a=-(K/m)x
Put K/m=𝝎𝟐
Or,ω=√K/m
Since,
𝒅𝟐 𝒙
Or, a= 𝒅𝒕𝟐
𝒅𝟐 𝒙
𝑺𝒐, 𝒅𝒕𝟐 =-𝝎𝟐 x

𝒅𝟐 𝒙 -This is differential equation of

+ 𝝎𝟐 x=0
𝒅𝒕𝟐 Simple Hermonic Motion
SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF SHM

 x=Asin𝝎𝒕 (the solution when the particle is in its mean position point (0)
 x=Asin(𝝎𝒕 + Φ) (the solution when the particle is at Q)
DISPLACEMENT:-
x=Asin𝝎𝒕 ( when the particle is in its mean position point (0)

VELOCITY:-
x=Asin𝝎𝒕
𝒙
Or, sin𝝎𝒕= 𝑨

𝒅𝒙
Or, 𝒅𝒕 =A𝝎𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝎t
Or,v=A𝝎𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝎t_____________(i)

Now cosωt= 𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 ω𝒕

cosωt= 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 /𝑨𝟐
From equation (i)
V=Aω 𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 /𝑨𝟐 or,V=ω 𝑨𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐
 𝒅𝒗
Acceleration:-we know,v=A𝝎𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝎t or,acceleration(a)= 𝒅𝒕 = −𝐀ω𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧ω𝒕
or,a=- 𝝎𝟐 x

Kinetic Energy:-

𝟏
we know kinetic Energy(𝑬𝑲 )=𝟐m𝒗𝟐
𝟏
Or, 𝑬𝑲 =𝟐m𝝎𝟐 (𝑨𝟐 -𝒙𝟐 )
𝟏
NOTE:-i)at x=0, 𝑬𝑲 =𝟐m𝝎𝟐 𝑨𝟐 ,it is the maximum value of kinetic energy.
ii)At x=A, 𝑬𝑲 =0,it is the minimum value of kinetic energy.

Potential Energy:-
𝑬𝑷 =work done=ForceᳵDisplacement
𝑬𝑷 =max=-m𝝎𝟐 𝒙𝟐
NOTE:-i)at x=0, 𝑬𝑷 =0, it is the minimum value of Potential energy.
ii)At x=A, 𝑬𝑷 =- m𝝎𝟐 𝑨𝟐 ,it is the maximum value of Potential energy.