(USA/Saudi Arabia/Argentina)

1. The United States gets 81% of its total energy from oil, coal, and natural gas, all of which are
fossil fuels. The people depend on those fuels to heat their homes, run their vehicles, power
industry and manufacturing, and provide to provide them with sufficient electricity. 1

2. Saudi Arabia was the world’s third-highest crude oil and condensate producer, the world’s
top crude oil exporter, and OPEC’s top crude oil producer in 2022.1
Saudi Arabia is a key member of OPEC+, and in October 2022, Saudi Arabia, and other OPEC+
members agreed to crude oil production cuts intended to rebalance the global oil market,
hedge against downside risks of decreased oil demand, and raise falling crude oil prices.
In May 2023, Saudi Arabia, and several OPEC+ members further reduced crude oil
production and extended cuts through 2024. Saudi Arabia voluntarily decreased oil
production by an additional 1 million barrels per day (b/d) from July 2023 through December
2023, with possible extensions that depend on the status of the oil market.
Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 supports extensive renewable energy and no associated natural
gas development throughout the country and seeks to decrease oil- and associated natural
gas-fired electricity generation in favour of renewable-sourced generation.2

3. In 2022, fossil fuels dominated the primary energy consumption in Argentina, accounting for
roughly 84 per cent of the total consumption. Meanwhile, hydroelectricity and renewable
energies combined amounted to some 460 petajoules or 13 per cent of the national
consumption.3
4. As of 2020, Argentina's installed capacity totalled roughly 42 GW (up from 37.9 GW in 2019),
with fossil fuels accounting for 60.46% of the total, followed by hydro at 27.04%, wind at
6.25% (up from 4.06% in 2019), and solar at 1.81% (up from 1.1% in 2019).4
5. Argentina’s total primary energy mix is dominated by natural gas (55%) and oil (33%), with
bioenergy contributing 5%, and hydropower and nuclear another 3% each. Argentina has the
2nd largest reserve of shale gas and the 4th largest reserve of shale oil worldwide. In 2019,
the country produced 500,000 bpd of oil, of which 89,000 bpd was exported, but the country
remains a net importer of oil products.5
6. burning fossil fuels and changes in land use - release greenhouse gases that trap heat in the
atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is responsible for most of global warming, although methane

1
http://needtoknow.nas.edu/energy/energy-sources/fossil-fuels/#:~:text=The%20United%20States%20gets
%2081,and%20provide%20us%20with%20electricity.

2
https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/SAU

3
https://www.statista.com/statistics/984096/primary-energy-consumption-argentina-source/
#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20fossil%20fuels%20dominated,percent%20of%20the%20national
%20consumption.

4
https://www.gem.wiki/Energy_profile:_Argentina

5
https://www.iea.org/countries/argentina
 and other greenhouse gases also warm the climate. Burning fossil fuels also releases
aerosols, tiny polluting particles6

7. More importantly, Argentina’s traditional fossil fuel dependency is further highlighted by the
fact that the nation generates merely 28% of its electricity output using renewable sources
(mostly hydropower); moreover, between 1990 and 2015, the renewable electricity output
shares have on average declined by 7 percentage points.7

6
https://www.americangeosciences.org/critical-issues/faq/what-are-major-sources-and-users-
energy-united-states

7
https://www.ipcc.ch/climate-change-in-data