Purposive Communication

Communication
– A two way process by which information is exchanged between or among
individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, and behavior.
● Language has arbitrariness - and it is the vehicle for communication and
mirror of culture.
● Symbols and signs are not restricted to letters and such.
● Non-verbal communication (e.g., behavior) is more believable than verbal
since it is more natural for us.
Components of Communication
● Sender (Speaker/Encoder) - entity that would relay the information.
● Message - piece of information
● Channel - medium used for communication
● Receiver (Listener/Reader/Decoder) - entity that would process the
information.
● Feedback - response, reaction, or information given by the recipient of a
message send by the receiver back to the sender.
● Context - wherever communication transpires (meanings are in people -
the sender and the receiver would be the one to process information,
thus, the meaning would always depend on them and could change
drastically).
● Noise - distractions/disruptions that may affect communication, usually
making it weaker. (Before called as barrier - more of a general sense, it
covers almost all such as psychological or physiological incapabilities,
and others that may not be considered as noise).
Modes of Communication
– Aristotelian Model of Communication

● It is not supposed to mimic one-on-one communication, instead, it

presents public speaking more.
● Occasion serves a purpose - the message or the information relayed by
the speaker usually revolves around the occasion.
● Audience would be the one receiving the speech. Their role is simply to

agree or disagree or the derivatives of it.

● Effect would be how they take the message, whether they disagree or

agree.
● From 450 B.C.
● It focuses on the speaker more.

– Shannon and Weaver Communication Model

● Use of gadgets were introduced here in this time, specifically telephones

or radios.
● Model from 1949.
● Model revolves around the concept of noise.

– Berlo’s Communication Model

● Channel are presented by the five senses of a human.

● Communication is affected by several factors, as shown in the model.
● Model from 1960.
● Source a receiver includes communication skills, attitudes, knowledge,
social system, and culture.
● Message involves content, elements, treatment, structure, and code.
– Schramm’s Model of Communication
● Revolves around the concept of experience. Experience is needed to
interpret or to relate oneself to the message, as shown in the overlapping
Venn diagram.

● Model from 1964 by Wilbur Schramm.

– Helical Model of Communication
● Represents continuity and progress as well as the dynamism of

communication. Implies that from the moment we were born until death,
communication persists.