Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by irregular and often

rapid heartbeats originating from the heart's upper chambers (atria). AF can cause
strokes primarily through the formation of blood clots (thrombi) in the heart, which
can then travel to the brain and block blood vessels, leading to an ischemic stroke.
Here's how AF contributes to stroke:

1. Blood Stagnation: In AF, the irregular and rapid contractions of the atria can
cause blood to pool or stagnate in the atria, particularly in the left atrial
appendage. This stagnant blood provides a favorable environment for the
formation of blood clots.
2. Formation of Blood Clots: When blood pools in the atria due to AF, there is
an increased risk of blood clot formation. These clots often form within the left
atrial appendage, a small pouch in the left atrium of the heart. The irregular
heart rhythm in AF can cause turbulent blood flow, which further promotes
clot formation.
3. Embolization: If a blood clot forms in the left atrium or atrial appendage,
there's a risk that it can dislodge and travel through the bloodstream. These
clots, known as emboli, can reach the brain's blood vessels and block them,
leading to an ischemic stroke. The obstruction of blood flow deprives brain
tissue of oxygen and nutrients, causing damage and potentially permanent
neurological deficits.
4. Risk of Stroke: The risk of stroke in patients with AF is significantly increased
compared to those without AF. This risk is influenced by factors such as age,
history of previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA), presence of other
cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, heart failure), and the
duration and severity of AF.

Our patient has Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by

irregular and often rapid heartbeats originating from the heart's upper chambers