ENDOZO, REXIE ANN C.

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BSCE - 2207
ASSIGNMENT NO. 4
LECTURE 6: COASTAL ZONES AND PROCESSES
Shoreline - Is the line that marks the contact between land and sea
Swash - movement of water rushing up the beach after a wave breaks
Backwash - Is the flow of water back down the beach after the swash
Beach drift - transport sediment in a zigzag pattern along the beach face.
Longshore Current - flow parallel to the shore and move substantially more sediment than
beach drift.
Rip Currents - concentrated movements of water that flow opposite the direction of
breaking waves.

Shoreline features
Erosional feature
● Wave-cut cliff (coastal cliff) - formed by the erosion of waves against a coastline
● Wave-cut platform - a gently sloping, flat, or slightly inclined surface of rock that
extends from the base of a wave-cut cliff out into the sea
● Marine terraces - relatively flat or gently sloping landforms that parallel the coastline
and are typically found above present-day sea level
● Sea arch -is a natural rock arch formed by the erosive action of waves on coastal rock
formations
● Sea stack - a vertical column or pillar of rock that stands isolated from the coastline,
often adjacent to cliffs headlands
Depositional feature
● Spit - is an elongated ridge of sand that projects from the land into the mouth of an
adjacent bay
● Baymouth bar- Such a feature tends to form across a bay where currents are weak,
allowing a spit to extend to the other side
● Tombolo - a ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland or to another island,
forms in much the same manner as a spit

Stabilizing the shore

Hard Stabilization - Structures built to protect a coast from erosion
● Jetties - built from a shoreline out into a body of water to direct currents and prevent
sediment deposition.
● Groins - a barrier built at a right angle to the beach to trap sand that is moving parallel
to the shore.
● Breakwaters - built parallel to the shoreline which protects boats from the force of
large breaking waves by creating a quiet water zone near the shoreline.
● Seawalls- designed to armor the coast and defend property by reflecting the force of
unspent waves seaward.
Alternatives to Hard stabilization
● Beach nourishment - involves adding large quantities of sand to the beach system.
● Relocation (Changing Land use)