CLASSIFICATION OF OBLIGATION

As to demandability:
1. Pure obligation
2. Conditional obligation

Art. 1179. Every obligation whose performance does not depend upon a future or uncertain event, or upon a past event
unknown to the parties, is demandable at once.
Every obligation which contains a resolutory condition shall also be demandable, without prejudice to the effects of the
happening of the event.

- itong first paragraph it pertains to a pure obligation, therefore a pure obligation is a demandable at once so isa yun sa point niya
- second paragraph is another example of an obligation that is demandable at once ito yong obligation with a resolutory condition. so
itong dalawang paragraph is demandable at once

Article 1179 - demandable at once

1. Pure obligation
 No condition or
 No period term
- 1. Tanjiro promised to give Muzan a brand new car.
anong condition? wala, kailan babayaran? wala rin. Therefore there is a pure obligation

2. Conditional obligation – future and uncertain event upon which the existence or extinguishment of an obligation is made to depend
 pweding mangyari , pweding hindi in the future. kung mangyayari ba or hindi
 kapag nangyari yong future or uncertain event dalawa ang pwede maging epekto. first existence of the obligation or it gives rise to
an obligation or extinguishment of an obligation
 so dalawa yung magiging effect diba either it gives rise or it extinguish on obligation
mayroon uri dalang uri ng condition:
Suspensive – meaning pag nangyari yung condition magkakaron ng obligation it give rise to the obligation
example: Tanjiro promised to give Muzan a brand new car if he passes the CPA licensure examination
Resolutory – meaning pag nangyari yong condisyon pag nagawa na yong condisyon ibig sabihin it extinguishes the obligation
example: Inosuke agreed to give Toyo 5,000 monthly allowance until Toyo graduates from college.

when the obligation is demandable at once

- so ine na tatlo is demandable at once
1. when the obligation is pure
2. when it is subject to a resolutory condition
3. when it is subject to a resolutory period
Unknown past event- ito yong land na nag aagawan sila na siya yong may ari ng land. and then pira ka week nag decide an kurte
na kay Nezuko yong land. pero si nezuko dre pa maaram san result na siya an nag daog, tapos ine si Nezuko mayda siya kasabot
na once magdaog siya sa kaso, ig babaligya niya an land kay Rui. so ang tanong pwede naba mag demand si rui sa land? yes. lalo
na pagnalaman ni nezuko na lastweek pa ngayan gumawas an result so lalong demandable siya sa part ni rui.

Art. 1180. When the debtor binds himself to pay when his means permit him to do so, the obligation shall be deemed to be one with
a period, subject to the provisions of Article 1197
- and pino point out dito is si debtor. sinasabi dito na babayaran kita pagkaya kuna,
- naka depende kay debtor kung kailan talaga siya esakto

DURATION OF PERIOD DEPENDS ON THE DEBTOR

 Period - a future and certain event upon the arrival of which the obligation subject to it either arises or extinguished
- debtor promises to pay when his means permit him to do
-Deemed to be an obligation with a period
example: 1.Little by little
2. as soon as possible
 3. from time to time
4. at any time I have the money
5. In partial payments
- itong mga condition na ito ay valid, ngayon and problema kasi valid paano kung ayaw parin ni debtor magbayad? so the
court may fix the duration of the period

Art. 1181 In conditional obligations, the acquisition of rights (suspensive), as well as the extinguishment or loss of those
already acquired (resolutory), shall depend upon the happening of the event which constitutes the obligation.
- pag nangyari yung suspensive condition magkakaroon ng obligation si debtor at magkakaroon naman ng right si
creditor
- sa resolutory condition si debtor ma extinguished yung kanyang liability ganun din naman si creditor mawawala na
yung right niya to receive something

EFFECT OF HAPPENING OF CONDITION

1. ACQUISITION OF RIGHTS (SUSPENSIVE CONDITION)
 Example: Yushiro, testator, in his last will and testament gave some property to his heir hinaki provided Yushiro would
die within two years.
- paano kung namatay siya after 3 years? ibig sabihin hindi nangyari yung condisyon e di wala siyang right over the property si
hinaki
- pwede siyang magkaroon ng right after 1 year or 2 year after nong agreement mayroon ng right si hninaki over the property.

 Another example: The surrender if the sweepstakes ticket is a condition precedent to the payment of the prize
- kunyari nanalo ka sa luto e ke claim mo yung prize mo pag e ke claim mo yung prize mo ibibigay mo muna yung
winning ticket. yan yung mga simpleng example
-

2. Loss of rights already acquired (resolutory condition)

example : AA binds himself to support BB until BB graduates from college. The to receive support shall be extinguished once the
condition is fulfilled
Another Example: AA sold to BB a parcel of land subject to AA right to repurchase. The ownership acquired by BB shall be
extinguished should AA exercise her right to repurchase

Art 1186. The condition shall be deemed fulfilled when the obligor voluntarily prevents its fulfilment.

CONSTRUCTIVE FULFILLMENT OF SUSPENSIVE CONDITION

Requisites for the application of article 1186

1. the condition is suspensive
2. the obligor actually prevents the fulfillment of the condition
3. he acts voluntarily

AA agreed to give BB a 5% commission if the latter could sell the formers land at a certain price. BB found a buyer who
definitely decided to buy the property upon the terms prescribed by AA. To evade the payment of the commission to BB, AA
himself sold to the buyer the property at a lower price without the aid of BB.
SECTION 2
 OBLIGATION WITH A PERIOD - 5 Articles
Article 1193 to 1198

Article 1193. Obligations for whose fulfillment a day certain has been fixed, shall be demandable only when that day
comes. dd na part demandable la siya kun dumating na yung araw na iyon hanggat hindi pa dumadating yung araw na iyon hindi pa pwede mag demand si
creditor. Suspensive period ito
Obligations with a resolutory period take effect at once, but terminate upon arrival of the day certain. second
paragraph naman pagdating ng period terminates or pagdating ng day certain na tinutukoy terminate the obligation so parang hindi na siya demandable, parang
ganyan.
A day certain is understood to be that which must necessarily come, although it may not be known when. Sure
na sure tayo na mangyayari d lang natin alam kung kailan siya mangyayari, example lahat ng tao ay mamatay pero d lang natin alam kung kailan iksakto
mamatay. yun yung ibig sabihin ng day certain
If the uncertainty consists in whether the day will come or not, the obligation is conditional, and it shall be
regulated by the rules of the preceding Section. d natin sure kung ang day ay darating or mangyayari, ang sabi hindi siya isang period the obligation
is conditional obligation, kung naalala mo ang contional is a future and uncertain event.

Obligation with a period- pwede pag dumating na yung time mag arise or maging demandable yung obligation or kapag dumating na yung time hindi na
siya maging demandable

Period- sa period it is a Future and certain event yun yong kaibahan niya sa condition, sa condition future and uncertain event. Pero this time tiyak na
mangyayari or sigurado na mangyayari.

PERIOD VS. FULFILLMENT

In terms of fulfillment
- a period is a future and certain event
- a condition is an uncertain event
In terms of time
- a period refers only to the future
- a condition may refer also to the past
In terms of influence on the obligation
- a period fixes the time for the performance of an obligation
- a condition causes the existence or the extinguishment of an obligation- basta pag nanggyari yung event maaring ma exist or
mag arise and obligation or ma extinguish kasi nangyari yung obligation.
Note!! Both a period and a condition are required to be legally and physically possible to be valid- hindi pwede
yung imposible period or imposible condtion

According to Effect
SUSPENSIVE PERIOD (Ex Die) –
- example: A promised to pay B 50,000 at the end of the month- meaning pag dating ng end of the month pwede na magdemand si B kay A
– example; A obliged himself to support B from the time B’s father die – so dd na part pag namatay yung father ni B pwede na magdemand
si B kay A na supportahan siya. so hanggat buhay pa yung father ni B wala pa siyang karapatan mag demand
- Example: A promised to pay B when his means permit him to do so – magbabayad siya kapag mayroon ng pambayad yun daw hindi siya
obligation with a condition it is obligation with a period, tiyak naman magbabayad pero kapag nag ka pera na.

RESOLUTORY PERIOD (IN DIEM)

1. A promised to provide B 5,000 monthly allowance until the end of 2025. – meaning this month or next month pwede na magdemand si B
yung 5k na allowance niya hanggang 2025, pagdating na December 2025 yun na yung huli pagkataon non wala ng obligation si A kay B.

2. A will support B until B dies. – so hanggat buhay si B supportahan niya si B pero kay namatay na tapos na ang kanyang obligation okay so
ma te terminate na

According to Source
- madali la ine intindihon
According to definiteness
- madali la liwat ine

mayda pa ine ine na kinds of period or term

Article 1194. In case of loss, deterioration or improvement of the thing before the arrival of the day certain, the rules in Article 1189 shall
be observed. – balika an article 1189 parihas la an ibig sabihin sine

Article 1195. Anything paid or delivered before the arrival of the period, the obligor being unaware of the period or believing that the
obligation has become due and demandable, may be recovered, with the fruits and interests. - dito nagkamali ng payment of date, akala
ni debtor is duedate na, so pwede ni debtor mabawi

PAYMENT BEFORE ARRIVAL OF PERIOD

- May recover what has been paid by mistake before the arrival of the period
- once the period has arrive , the obligor may no longer recover the thing or money, but he may recover the fruits or interest from the
date of premature performance to the date of maturity of obligation
Note!! Article 1195 applies only to real obligations, an obligation to give
Example: A owes B 50,000 which is due on December 30, 2020. By mistake, A paid his obligation on November 30, 2020 including
1,000 interest.
- assuming that today is December 1, 2020, A may recovr the 50,000 pluss the 1,000 interest – pwede niyang bawiin yun
- However, A cannot recover if he knew that the due date is December 30, 2020. – However Kung December 30, 2020 hindi na
niya pwede bawiin o kaya naman trip mo lang magbayad ng maaga, so hindi mo siya pwede marecover kung alam mo naman
na December 30, 2020 tlga yung duedate.
- maupay la ine siya kun you are unaware kay mayda ka chance na mabawi pa. kailangan e proof mo na you are an unaware.

Article 1196. Whenever in an obligation a period is designated, it is presumed to have been established for the benefit of both the creditor
and the debtor, unless from the tenor of the same or other circumstances it should appear that the period has been established in favor of
one or of the other.

PRESUMPTIOM AS TO BENEFIT OF PERIOD

Obligation with period fixed by the parties
- It is for the benefit of both the debtor and creditor
Example: on April 1, A borrowed from B 100,000 payable on December 31 at 12% interest.
Can A pay before December 31? – No, unless with the consent of B or if A will pay the interest from April 1 to December 31. – dre
kuno pwede magbayad before December unless kun may consent kan B or A willing niya bayaran an interest from april 1 to
December. Mao kasi an meaning sa both of the benefit debtor and creditor. Kay kun magbayad timprano si A wara daw makukuha
na benefit si B.
- on the other hand, B cannot force A to pay before December 31. – pwede rin itong benefit ni debtor kung pumayag si B.
THAT’S THE GENERAL RULE!!

Ade an Exeptions:
1. term is for the benefit of the debtor alone
- example: A borrowed from B 1 million to be paid after one year without interest. – so si debtor lang ang may benefit
si creditor and wala
- A promised to pay his debt on or before December 31, 2020 – benefit parin to ni debtor kasi siya lang may option
bababa yung interest yung kung magbabayad siya before dec. 30, 2020

2. term is for the benefit of the creditor

A borrowed from B 100,000 payable on December 31 with stipulation that A cannot make payment before the lapse
of the period but B may demand fulfillment even before the said date. - si creditor nagyakan na dre pwede magbayad si
debtor in advance from the date na siya ay nangutang pero si creditor pwede siya magdemand anytime so an benefit kan
creditor gihap