A.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. WORD CHOICE
Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. (5 pts)

l. He was absolutely with anger when he found that I had scratched his car.
A. burned B. carmine C. fickle D. livid
- Be burnt with N/ Be burnt to V: to feel or show very strong emotion or desire
eg: to be burning with rage/ambition/love
He was burning to go climbing again.
- Carmine (adj): a dark red colour
- Fickle (adj): changing often and suddenly
eg: The weather here is notoriously fickle.
- Livid (adj): extremely angry=furious
eg: be livid with anger

2. He glanced at Juliet accusingly and she looked abashed.

A.suitably B. completely C. utterly D. absolutely
- abashed (adj) embarrassed and ashamed because of something that you have
done
- utterly (adj) completely
- suitably (adv) in a way that is right or appropriate for a particular purpose or
occasion

3. Everyone was there Linda. She was too sick to come.

A.save B. take C. make D. have
- save sth=except sth

4. She did six hours' studying a day for her exam.

A.solid B heavy C strong D big
- solid (period of time): without a break; continuous
eg: The essay represents a solid week's work.

5. Are you having a exam before you sit the actual exam in June?
A. fake B. mock C. false D. dress
- Mock test/ exam: kỳ thi thử
- Fake (n): vật làm giả, đồ giả mạo
- False (adj): sai, nhầm/ không thật, giả
- Counterfeit (adj): giả, giả mạo (counterfeit money: tiền giả)

6.I was kept awake for most of the night by the of a mosquito in my ear.
A. whine B. moan C. groan D. screech
- Whine (v) to make a long, high, unpleasant sound
eg: The engines whined softly in the background.
- Moan (v) to make a long deep sound, usually because you are unhappy or
suffering or are experiencing sexual pleasure =Groan
=> moan in/with something
eg: to moan in/with pain
- Groan with sth/at sth
eg: to groan with pain/pleasure
We all groaned at his terrible jokes.
- Screech (v) to make a loud high unpleasant sound; to say something using this
sound
eg: He screeched something at me.

7.He decided to withdraw from the powerboat race as he had a(n) of

danger.
A. interim B. foreboding C. dearth D. prediction
- In the interim (idiom) /ˈɪntərɪm/ during the period of time between two events;
until a particular event happens
eg: Despite everything that had happened in the interim, they had remained good
friends.
- Foreboding (n) /fɔːˈbəʊdɪŋ/ a strong feeling that something unpleasant or
dangerous is going to happen
eg: She had a sense of foreboding that the news would be bad.
- Dearth (n) /dɜːθ/ a lack of something; the fact of there not being enough of
something
eg: There was a dearth of reliable information on the subject.

8.It was difficult for the lecturer to ____ his voice to the back of the hall.
A. shout B. raise C. project D. deliver

- Project sth (v): to send or throw something up or away from yourself

eg: Actors must learn to project their voices.

9.Many children who get into trouble in their early teens go on to become
offenders.
A. consistent B. insistent C. persistent D. resistant
(chọn câu c vì là collocation)
- consistent (adj) to send or throw something up or away from yourself
eg: She's not very consistent in the way she treats her children.
- insistent (adj) continuing for a long period of time in a way that cannot be
ignored
eg: insistent demands
- persistent (adj) determined to do something despite difficulties, especially when
other people are against you and think that you are being annoying or unreasonable
eg: She can be very persistent when she wants something.
- resistant to sth (adj) not affected by something; able to resist something
eg: plants that are resistant to disease

10.He would never his pride and say that he was sorry.
A.taste B. swallow C. sip D. crunch
- swallow (v): to hide your feelings
eg: to swallow your doubts
- sip (v) to drink something, taking a very small amount each time
eg: She sat there, sipping at her tea.
- crunch (v) crunch (on) something to bite something noisily between your teeth
when you are eating
eg: She crunched her apple noisily.

II. GRAMMAR & STRUCTURES

Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. (5 pts)

l . "It is raining outside" —

A.So is it B. So it is C. So it does D. Is it so?

2. They must have gone away, ?

A.shouldn’t they B. haven’t they C. mustn’t they D. didn’t they

3. , the meeting began.

A.After we sat down B. All of us having taken the seats
C. Our having seated D. Once we had seated
Đáp án A sai về thì: không thể dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành cho việc xảy ra trước
một việc khác trong quá khứ.
Đáp án C sai vì chỉ mang vai trò danh từ, không thể xuất hiện lửng lơ trước dấu
phẩy, trước một mệnh đề.
Đáp án D sai vì việc ngồi là chủ động, không phải bị động

4._____ with being so busy at work and at home, she became increasingly tired
and bad-tempered.
A.How B. What C. Which D. Where
What with=because of

5.The police took him into custody he disembarked from the plane.
A. as long as B. B. while
C. the moment when D. the instant
- the instant (that): as soon as
- custody (n) /ˈkʌstədi/ the state of being in prison, especially while waiting for
trial
eg: After the riot, 32 people were taken into police custody.
- disembark (from) sth (v) /ˌdɪsɪmˈbɑːk/ to leave a vehicle, especially a ship or an
aircraft, at the end of a journey; to let or make people leave a vehicle
eg: They had just disembarked from their tour bus after a 12-hour journey.

6. earning all that money if you don't have time to enjoy it?
A. Is it to the good B. What's the good of
C. Is it all to the good D. Is it for good
- good (n) something that helps somebody/something
eg:What's the good of (= how does it help you) earning all that money if you don't
have time to enjoy it?
=> What good is it redecorating if you're thinking of moving?
=> up to no good
=> be up to no good (informal) doing something wrong or dishonest
eg: Those kids are always up to no good.
=> do somebody/something the world of good: to make somebody feel much
better; to improve something
eg: A change of job would do you the world of good.
=> for good (and all): permanently
eg: This time she's leaving for good (= she will never return).
=> to the good: used to say that somebody now has a particular amount of money
that they did not have before
eg: We are £500 to the good.
7."Was that the new schoolmaster who walked by?" ”
A. It must be that B. It must have been
C. He must be D. This must have been

8.It is urgent that the boss a meeting to discuss the problem.

A.called B. call C. to call D. calls
(subjunctive verb)

9.It was at the press conference _____ the truth about his corporation.
A.did the director tell B. the director did tell
C. where the director told D. that the director told
(cleft sentences: It is/was + thành phần cần nhấn mạnh + that/whom/who +… )

10.“l think we ought to see the rest of the exhibition as quickly as we can, ___ that
it closes in half an hour."
A.granted B. assuming C. given D. knowing
- given that (conjunction) when you consider something
eg: It was surprising the government was re-elected, given that they had raised
taxes so much.
- assuming (that): used to suppose that something is true so that you can talk
about what the results might be
eg: Assuming (that) he’s still alive, how old would he be now?
- knowing (adj): showing that you know or understand about something that is
supposed to be secret
eg: a knowing smile
- granted (adv) used to show that you accept that something is true, often before
you make another statement about it
eg: Granted, it's not the most pleasant of jobs but it has to be done.

III. PREPOSITIONS & PHRASAL VERBS

Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. (5 pts)
1. Doctors are often to accidents in rural areas.
A. called up B. driven out C. called out D. rung up
- Call someone up: Use the phone to talk to someone
Eg: I can’t call her up in the middle of the night
- Drive sbd/sth out: force someone or something to leave or stop doing something
Eg: Critics say the company is trying to drive out competition and charge high
royalties.
- Call someone out: ask someone to come in order to do a job, especially when it
is an emergency
Eg: We had to call out a doctor.
- Ring sth/sbd up: make a phone call to someone
Eg: He rang up the office and asked to speak to the manager.

2.If you never put oil in your engine, one day it will _____.
A. flake out B. shut down C. go off D. seize up
- Flake out: suddenly go to sleep or feel weak because you are extremely tired
Eg: I got home and flaked out on the sofa.
- Shut down: stops operating
Eg: The unit, which can process 70,000 barrels per day of crude oil, was
shut down for 21 days.
- Go off: Stop working, explode
Eg: The lights went off in several villages because of the storm.
The bomb went off at midday.
- Seize up: stop being able to move or work in the normal way
Eg: The traffic had seized up for miles because of the roadworks.

3.To get his proposal accepted, the Finance Manager had to _____ heavy pressure
from colleagues.
A.fend off B. laugh off C. send off D. push off
- fend something off: avoid dealing with something that is unpleasant or difficult
Eg: she managed to fend off the awkward questions.
- laugh something off: make yourself laugh about something unpleasant in order
to make it seem less important or serious
Eg: She tried to laugh off their remarks, but I could see she was hurt
- Send something off: send a letter, document, or parcel by post
Eg: Have you sent off your application form yet?
- Push off: rudely tell someone to go away
Eg: He told me to push off.
4.The new regime determined to compulsory military service.
A.stop of B. end up C. phase out D. break off

- End up: to finally be in a particular place or situation

eg: They're travelling across Europe by train and are planning to end up in
Moscow.
- Phase something out: to remove or stop using something gradually or in stages
eg: The airline is planning to phase out the aircraft at the end of this year.
- Break something off: to separate a part from a larger piece, or to become
separate
eg: He broke off a piece of chocolate.

5.After a fall in profits, the company decided ____ the hotel business.
A.to pull out of B. to back off from
C. to take out of D. to keep away from
- Pull out of: to stop being involved in an activity or agreement
eg: As part of the restructuring plan we will be pulling out of all operations in
mainland Europe.
- Back off from: to stop being involved in a situation, usually in order to allow
other people to deal with it themselves
eg: She started to criticize me, then she suddenly backed off.
- Take out of: to remove something from somewhere
eg: They had to take out two of his teeth.
- Keep away from: to prevent someone from going somewhere or near something
eg: Keep away from the edge of the cliff.

6.She's rung _____ I must have said something to upset her.

A.up B. round C. back D. off
- ring someone/something up: to make a phone call to someone
eg: She rang me up to say she couldn't come.
- ring around (sb/sth): to call several people on the phone in order to find out
information or organize something
eg: I always ring around to get the cheapest quote
- Ring back: to call someone who called you earlier, or to call someone for a
second time
eg: I'm a bit busy - can I ring you back in a few minutes?
- Ring off: to end a phone conversation intentionally
eg: She said "No, thank you" and rang off hurriedly.
7. Our class monitor had a brilliant speech yesterday although he spoke the cuff
then
A.about B. with C. off D. on
- Speak of the cuff (idiom): If you speak off the cuff, you say something without
having prepared or thought about your words first
eg: I hadn't prepared a speech so I just said a few words off the cuff.

8.Cali gambled away all his father's legacy and finally his family misery.

A.put / in B. threw / into C. made / in D. led / to

- put something in: to fix a large piece of equipment or system into a room or
building, ready to be used
eg: I've just had central heating/a new kitchen put in.
- throw oneself into something: to begin to do something with energy and
enthusiasm
eg: She's thrown herself into this new job.
- lead to something: to begin a process that causes something to happen
eg: There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness.

9.The younger sons consider themselves to have been robbed their rightful
inheritance.
A.by B. with C. around D. of
- rob somebody/something of something: take away an important quality, ability
etc from someone or something

10.He's sometimes bad tempered but he's a good fellow ____ heart.
A..by B. at C. with D. in
- At heart: sâu thẳm trong trái tim
- A good fellow at heart: người tốt bụng
- By heart: to learn something in such a way that you can say it from memory
eg: My father can still recite the poems he learned by heart at school.

IV. COLLOCATIONS & IDIOMS

Choose the best.answer to complete each of the following sentences. (5 pts)
l . I don't trust him and it really goes against the ______ to give him money.
 A. cloak B. grain C. rice D. grapevine
- go against the grain: different from what is normal or usual
eg: It takes courage to go against the grain and stand up for what you believe in

2.Did you see Jonathan this morning? He looked like _____. It must have been
quite a party last night.
A. a wet blanket B. a dead duck
C. death warmed up D. a bear with a sore head
- A wet blanket: a person who says or does something that stops other people
enjoying themselves
eg: Stop being such a wet blanket.
- A dead duck: someone or something that is very unlikely to be successful,
especially because of a mistake or bad judgment
eg: Thanks to the lack of market research, the project was a dead duck right
from the start.
- look/feel like death warmed up: to look or feel very ill
eg: He shouldn't be working when he's so ill - he looks like death warmed up!
- A bear with a sore head: to behave in a very bad-tempered and angry way
eg: Ever since we arrived here, you've been like a bear with a sore head.

3.In spite of working their fingers to the _____, all the staff were made redundant.
A.nail B. edge C. flesh D. bone
- work your fingers to the bone: to work extremely hard, especially for a long
time
eg: She worked her fingers to the bone to provide a home and food for seven
children.

4.The general was convinced that if his army could make the first _____ strike,
they would be able to win the battle.
A.enigmatic B. pre-emptive C. showdown D. rudimentary

- pre-emptive (adj) If something is pre-emptive, it is done before other people can

act, especially to prevent them from doing something else
eg: The Treasury has decided to raise interest rates as a pre-emptive measure
against inflation.
- Enigmatic (adj) mysterious and impossible to understand completely
eg: The Mona Lisa has a famously enigmatic smile.
- Showdown (n) an important argument that is intended to end a disagreement that
has existed for a long time
eg: Millions of dollars were spent on lawyers in a courtroom showdown between
the two companies.
- Rudimentary (adj) basic
eg: Her knowledge is still only rudimentary.

5.Royce is unlikely to ______ any surprises.

A.springs B. leaps C. sources D. traces
- spring a surprise: to do something surprising
eg: Calvin Smith, the world-record holder, could always spring a surprise.

6.Judging from the noise it is making, the washing machine is on its last
A. grasp B. legs C. resort D. breath
- on its last legs: Something that is on its last legs is in such bad condition that it
will soon be unable to work as it should
eg: I've had this laptop for five years now, and it's really on its last legs.

7.As a poet, I think she ______ comparison with the greatest this century.
A. makes B. stands C. leads D. matches
- bear/stand comparison (with): to be as good as someone or something
eg: Their performance bears comparison with any hospital in Scotland.

8.It's time we had a _________ talk with each other in an effort to clear the air.
A.heart to heart B. eye to eye C. face to face D. cheek to cheek
- heart-to-heart: a serious conversation between two people, usually close friends,
in which they talk honestly about their feelings
eg: We had a heart-to-heart talk about where our relationship was heading.
- Eye to eye/ see eye to eye: If two people see eye to eye, they agree with each
other
eg: My sisters don't see eye to eye with me about the arrangements.
- Face to face (adj) directly, meeting someone in the same place
eg: We've spoken on the phone but never face-to-face.
- cheek to cheek: if two people dance cheek to cheek, they dance very close to
each other in a romantic way
eg: They spent the evening dancing cheek to cheek.

9.I don't know what our guests will be wanting to do this weekend. We'll have to
_____
 A, play it by ear B. bend our ears about it
C. be our on our ear D. turn a deaf ear to it
- play it by ear: to decide how to deal with a situation as it develops, rather than
acting according to plans made earlier
eg: We can't make a decision yet. Let's just play it by ear.
- Bend someone’s ears about: to talk to someone for a long time
eg: He loves talking about politics, and he’ll bend your ear about it for hours.
- Be our on our ear: to be forced to leave a job or place, especially because you
have done something wrong
eg: After 10 years of loyal service to that company, I'm out on my ear just
because the new manager doesn't like me.
- Turn a deaf ear to: to ignore someone when they complain or ask for
something
eg: In the past they've tended to turn a deaf ear to such requests.

10.Oil spills will _____ even the healthiest of marine ecosystem.

A.play havoc on B. break ground with
C. pay the consequences for D. take their toll on

- Break ground: to begin work on a building project

eg: The company broke ground on the $12 million complex in June and expects to
open it next August.
- Play havoc with: to damage something
eg: The acid rain plays havoc with marine life.
- Pay the consequences for: To face, accept, or suffer repercussions for one's
actions or words, especially that which would be expected to incur punishment
eg: After three nights of heavy drinking, I'm really going to be paying the
consequences come Monday morning!
- Take toll on: If something takes its/a toll, it causes suffering, deaths, or damage
eg: The problems of the past few months have taken their toll on her health and
there are shadows under her eyes.

V. READING COMPREHENSION
READING 1
You are going to read an extract from a novel. For questions 1-10, choose the
answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient
group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan
structure and highly developed rituals. Order is maintained through sanctions
based in the religion or family, and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition
is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little
division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform
a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes. Most goods
are handmade, and a subsistence economy prevails. Individualism is weakly
developed in folk cultures, as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer
exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the
nearest modern equivalent in AngloAmerica is the Amish, a German American
farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the
industrial age. In Amish areas, horse-drawn buggies still serve as a local
transportation device, and the faithful are not permitted to own automobiles. The
Amish's central religious concept of Demut, 'humility', clearly reflects the
weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures, and there is
a corresponding strength of Amish group identiy. Rarely do the Amish marry
outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the
principal mechanism for maintaining order.
By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly
individualistic and constantly changing. Relationships tend to be impersonal, and a
pronounced division of labor exists, leading to the establishment of many
specialized professions. Secular institutions, of control such as the police and army
take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based
economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, ' popular' may be viewed as clealy
different from ' folk'. The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries
and in many developing nations, Folk-made objects give way to their popular
equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced,
is easier or time saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner.
- give way to sth:to be replaced by sth
eg: The storm gave way to bright sunshine.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Two decades in modern society.
B. The characteristics of 'folk' and 'popular' societies.
C.The influence of industrial technology.
D.The specialization of labor in Canada and the United States.

2. The word 'homogeneous' in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to

A.uniform B. general C. primitive D. traditional
homogeneous (adj) consisting of things or people that are all the same or all of the
same type ≠ heterogenous
eg: a homogeneous group/mixture/population
the heterogeneous population of the United States

3.Which of the following is typical of folk cultures?

A.There is a money-based economy.
B.Contact with other cultures is encouraged.
C.Social change occurs slowly.
D. Each person develops one specialized skill.

4.What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?
A. They value folk cultures. B. They have no social classes.
C. They have popular cultures. D. They do not value individualism.

5.The phrase 'largely renounces' in paragraph I is closest in meaning to

A.loudly declares B. greatly modifies
C. generally rejects D. often criticizes
renounce (v) to state officially that you are no longer going to keep a title,
position, etc.
eg: to renounce a claim/title/privilege/right

6.What is the main source of order in Amish society?

A.The religion B. The economy
C. The clan structure D. The government

7.Which of the following statements about Amish beliefs does the passage
support?
A. A variery of religious practices is tolerated.
B. Individualism and competition are important.
C. Premodern technology is preferred.
D. People are defined according to their class.

8. Which of the following would probably NOT be found in a folk culture?

A.carpenter B. A farmer C. A banker D. A weaver

9.The word 'prevails' in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to

A.develops B. provides C. dominates D. invests
- prevail (v) to exist or be very common at a particular time or in a particular place
=>prevail in something: eg. We were horrified at the conditions prevailing in
local prisons.
=>prevail among somebody: eg. Those beliefs still prevail among certain social
groups.
=> prevail (against/over something) (of ideas, opinions, etc.) to be accepted,
especially after a struggle or an argument
eg: Justice will prevail over tyranny.

10.Which of the following is NOT given as a reason why folk-made objects are
replaced by mass-produced objects?
A.quality B. prestige C. cost D. convenience

READING 2
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer for each of the questions
MORAL BEHAVIOR
The dictionary defines morality as "being in accord with standards of right or
good conduct." The argument over whether our moral behavior is innate of
whether it is developed by our environment and culture has been raging for ages.
Many people feel morality is based on reason, while others feel it comes from
religion or one's own spirituality. Biologists believe that humans' tendency to
obey the Golden Rule- "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you"- is
a product of evolution.
∎ A) At first, moral behavior seems to oppose the rules of Charles Darwin's
theory of survival of the fittest and natural selection. ∎ B) However, researchers
in the field of biology feel that as animals evolved to live in groups, the
propensity to look only after the group's success as a whole, every member had
to look only after one's own needs had to fade in order for a group mentality to
emerge.∎ C) To ensure the group's success as a whole, every member had to
look out for the interests of the majority, a concept known as utilitarianism. ∎ D)
This is a system of beliefs based on what does the greatest good for the greatest
number of people.
A researcher named Jonathon Haidt at the University of Virginia believes that
morality is driven by two separate mindsets-one ancient and one modern. Dr.
Haidt declares that the human mind is unaware of the distinction between the two.
The ancient mental system is based on the emotion behind moral behaviors,
which is a type of intuitive sense of what is right and wrong that evolved before
language developed. These are the "gut reactions" people experience in tough
situations that call for quick action. The more modern system of thought came
with the development of language, as people became able to express verbally why
something was right or wrong. The two work together when we are put in morally
compromising situations. When confronted with a moral dilemma, one's intuition
immediately decides what is right or wrong. Rational thought and judgment about
the morality of an issue follow the decision that one's emotional reaction already
made.
Dr. Haidt identified five areas of moral conduct that are common in most
countries and systems throughout the world, and he describes these as the
foundation for all moral behavior. These moral components conceptualize how
people treat others and what is important in being part of a group. Regardless of
their background, religion, socioeconomic status, or educational level, Dr. Haidt
found that the majority of people hold to these moral concepts. The first moral
concept is the prevention of harm. Generally, people believe that it is wrong to
harm another human being or animal for cruel and needless reasons. The second
moral concept is fairness, which holds that all people should be treated fairly. For
instance, people should treat the poor in the same manner as the wealthy, and the
weak the same as the strong. The third moral concept is loyalty to one's group.
This entails a strong devotion to the values of the group as a whole. People with
strong loyalties believe that adherence to the laws of society is important because
it upholds the integrity of that society. The idea of loyalty is closely interwoven
with the fourth moral foundation: respect for authority. People who value
authority believe in the strength of a governing body and a strong hierarchy with
established roles and rules. The fifth concept involves upholding high standards
of purity. This deals with the way that members of a group view their bodies. The
idea of purity comes into play in the standards of cleanliness in society. Daily
hygiene routines, eating food that has not been contaminated in some way, and
burial rules and rituals fall into this category.
Dr. Haidt's research concludes that these moral concepts are inherent in our
physical makeup and are learned behaviors, reinforced by our environments from
a very early age. The five moral foundations are interpreted differently from
society to society, and people rate them differently in order of importance. While
morality may take different forms across the many different cultures of the world,
it remains true that the basic task of morality, restraining selfishness, is a part of
all humanity's moral behavior.

l . Why does the author mention the Golden Rule in paragraph l?

A.To contrast moral behavior with immoral behavior
B.To prove that people generally know right from wrong
 C.To suggest that evolution shaped morality
D.To define the idea of moral behavior
Dẫn chứng: Many people feel morality is based on reason, while others feel it
comes from religion or one's own spirituality. Biologists believe that humans'
tendency to obey the Golden Rule

2.Look at the four square that indicate where the following sentence could be
added to the passage.
In other words, evolution appears to favour individuals who have learned how to
get what they need in order to survive.
Where would the sentence best fit?
A.1 st square B. 2nd square C. 3 rd square D. 4th square

3.According to the passage, morality developed because

A.people learned to communicate using spoken language
B.people had to learn to survive in groups
C.people were born with the ability to know right and wrong
D. people learned moral behavior from their ancestors
Dẫn chứng: …the propensity to look only after the group's success as a whole,
every member had to look only after one's own needs had to fade in order for a
group mentality to emerge

4.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the

highlighted sentence. Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important
ways or leave out essential information.
A.The earlier mindset based morality on an inborn, emotional understanding of
what is proper and acceptable.
B.Old-fashioned ways of thinking based goodness on the way a person felt about a
situation.
C.Theories about ancient attitudes claimed language was not necessary to
determine moral behavior.
D.Emotions governed the morality of people in ancient times before they
developed a way to communicate.

5.Which of the following is NOT correct about the five moral concepts?
A.They typically develop in sequential order.
B.They serve as the core of all moral behaviors.
 C. They vary in importance from country to country.
D. They explain the various ideas that drive moral behavior.

Dẫn chứng: - serve as the core of all moral behavior: “he describes these as the
foundation for all moral behavior.”
- Vary in importance from country to country: “Regardless of their background,
religion, socioeconomic status, or educational level, Dr. Haidt found that the
majority of people hold to these moral concepts.”
- Explain the various ideas that drive moral behavior: “The idea of purity comes
into play in the standards of cleanliness in society.”
- Ý còn lại không được đề cập nên đáp án đó sai

6.Which of the following can be inferred about Dr. Haidt's five areas of moral
conduct?
A.They are disputed in various cultures.
B. Aspects of them appear in the laws of many countries.
C.Many leaders would likely disagree with their loyalty principles.
D.They are based on innate human tendencies.
Dẫn chứng: “People who value authority believe in the strength of a governing
body and a strong hierarchy with established roles and rules.”

7.What can be inferred about humanity as a whole based on Dr. Haidt's moral
concepts?
A. Morality is a universal characteristic that applies to the whole world. B.
B. The natural world plays a major role in the development of morality.
C. Morality is an instinctive characteristic that humans have from birth.
D. People from different cultures will not value the same principles.

8.According to the passage, morality ________

A.conflicts with Darwin's theory of natural selection
B.goes against the dominant authority
C.seeks to restrict human selfishness
D.includes generosity as an important moral
Dẫn chứng: “While morality may take different forms across the many different
cultures of the world, it remains true that the basic task of morality, restraining
selfishness, is a part of all humanity's moral behavior.”
9.The word “entails” in the passage is closest in meaning to ________
A. follows B. produces C. causes D. involves
- Entail (v)to make something necessary, or to involve something
eg; Such a large investment inevitably entails some risk.
=> Entail + Ving

10.The word “This” in paragraph 4 refers to ______

A. a strong hierarchy B. the fifth concept

C. a governing body D. upholding high standards
New words
- Morality (n) the quality of being right, honest, or acceptable
eg: I have to question the morality of forcing poor people to pay for their medical
treatment.
=>Morality of sth
- Innate (adj)An innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not one
you have learned
eg: Cyril's most impressive quality was his innate goodness.
=>Innate of
- For ages = for a long time = for years
eg: I haven't seen them for ages (= I haven’t seen them for a long time)
- Propensity (n) a tendency to behave in a particular way
eg: She's inherited from her father a propensity to talk too much.
=>Propensity + to Inf
=>Propensity + for
- Emerge (v) to appear by coming out of something or out from behind
something
eg: She emerged from the sea, blue with cold.
=> Emerge + from

VI. CLOZE TESTS

Choose the words or phrases that best fit the blanks to make a complete
passage
CLOZE TEST 1
 There's extensive historical evidence that our ancestors may have witnessed a
massive invasion of Unidentified Flying Objects (l) on their territories.
These extraterrestrials are (2) to have come into (3) with the
ancient earthly populations and helped them erect numerous magnificient
structures or even establish glamorous empires.
However, the present-day fascination with UFO was only (4) by
the first widely (5) American sighting in Idaho in 1947. Since that
time, other countless close encounters have been reported both by highly credible
witnesses such as top-class pilots and less credible ones such as ordinary
civilians. Thousands of people around the world maintain having come close to
the visitors from outer space or to have been (6) for a scientific study
inside their flying saucers.
Although most of these accounts have been (7) as fantasy or
hallucinations, there's mounting criticism from the public and media for ignoring
the subject for too long. To many people, rejecting even the most inexplicable
sightings or UFO encounters as luminous artificial objects, natural phenomena
like auroras or even as meteorological balloons and satellites seems to be an
irresponsible (8). Most of us would prefer to believe that these
extraterrestrial guests are arriving from some remote galaxies to establish a
peaceful relationship and possibly give us a fair warning against the consequences
of our wasteful lifestyles. Yet, there's another theory (9) that the
visitors' attitude towards mankind isn't so conciliatory and that their sole aim
might be the unscrupulous annihilation of the terrestrial populations. Doubtless,
flying saucers still continue to be observed in many places of the world
(10) the imagination of UFO maniacs. But, a large percentage of such
sightings will remain beyond explanation until more convincing evidence is
supplied by the true experts.

1. A. surpassing B. approximating C. transgressing D. encroaching

- encroach (on/upon something) (disapproving) to begin to affect or use up too
much of somebody’s time, rights, personal life, etc.
eg: I won't encroach on your time any longer.
- surpass sth/sb: to do or be better than somebody/something
eg: He hopes one day to surpass the world record.
- approximate (to) sth: to be similar or close to something in nature, quality,
amount, etc., but not exactly the same
eg: The total cost will approximate £15 billion.
His story approximates to the facts that we already know.
- transgress (v) to go beyond the limit of what is morally or legally acceptable
transgress something. eg: They had transgressed the bounds of decency.
transgress (against somebody/something). eg: to transgress against God/your
neighbour/natural law

2. A. reasoned B. alleged C. denoted D. inferred

- denote (v) to be a sign of something=indicate
eg: A very high temperature often denotes a serious illness.
- reason (v) to form a judgement about a situation by considering the facts and
using your power to think in a logical way: suy luận
eg: She reasoned that she must have left her bag on the train.
- reason out (phrasal verb) to try and find the answer to a problem by using your
power to think in a logical way=figure out
eg: Reason it out for yourself!
=>reason with somebody: to talk to somebody in order to persuade them to be
more sensible
eg: I tried to reason with him, but he wouldn't listen.
- allege (v) to state something as a fact but without giving proof
eg: He is alleged to have mistreated the prisoners,
- interfere in sth (v) to get involved in and try to influence a situation that should
not really involve you, in a way that annoys other people
eg: The police are very unwilling to interfere in family problems.

3. A. touch B. grip C. face D. sight

- come into touch with sb: to communicate with somebody, especially by writing
to them or phoning them
- come into/disappear from/vanish from sight
- come/get to grip with sth: to begin to understand and deal with something
difficult
eg: I'm slowly getting to grips with the language.

4. A. discharged B. instigated C. constituted D. devised

- instigate (v) to cause something bad to happen
eg: They were accused of instigating violence.
- discharge sth (from sth) (into sth):to release
eg: The factory was fined for discharging chemicals into the river.
-constitute (v) to be considered to be sth
eg: Climate change constitutes a major threat to life.
devise (v) to invent something new or a new way of doing something =think up
eg: A new system has been devised to control traffic in the city.

5. A. proclaimed B. notified C. communicated D. conveyed

- proclaim (v) to publicly and officially tell people about something
important=declare
-=> proclaim somebody/something/yourself + noun
eg: He proclaimed himself emperor.
=> proclaim somebody/something/yourself to be/have something
eg: Steve checked the battery and proclaimed it to be dead.
- notify sb of sth/notify sth to sb (v) to formally or officially tell somebody about
something =inform
eg: The date of the demonstration must be notified to the police.
- convey somebody/something (from…) (to…) (formal) to take, carry or
transport somebody/something from one place to another
eg: Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators.

6. A. abolished B. abducted C. absconded D. abbreviated

- abolish (v) to officially end a law, a system or an institution: bãi bỏ
eg: This tax should be abolished.
- abduct sb (v) to take somebody away illegally, especially using force=kidnap
eg: He had attempted to abduct the two children.
- abcond from sth (v) to escape from a place that you are not allowed to leave
without permission
eg: She absconded from every children’s home they placed her in.
- (be) abbreviated (to something): to make a word, phrase, name or text shorter,
especially by leaving out letters or using only the first letter of each word
eg: the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (usually abbreviated to JPL)

7. A. speculated B. disposed C. repelled D. dismissed

- speculate (about/on/as to something): to form an opinion about something
without knowing all the details or facts
eg: We all speculated about the reasons for her resignation
- dispose sb to V/toward(s) sth: to make somebody want to behave in a particular
way
eg: a drug that disposes the patient to sleep/towards sleep.
- repel sb/sth (v) to successfully fight somebody who is attacking you, your
country, etc. and drive them away
eg: to repel an attack/invasion/invader
- dismiss sb/sth as sth: to decide that somebody/something is not important and
not worth thinking or talking about
eg: His supporters dismissed the allegations as politically motivated.

8. A. approach B. bias C. encounter D. manner

- approach (v) a way of dealing with somebody/something; a way of doing or
thinking about something such as a problem or a task
=> approach to something. eg: We need to adopt a new approach to the
problem.
=> approach for something. eg: a variety of approaches for the treatment of
depression
- bias (n) a strong feeling in favour of or against one group of people, or one side
in an argument, often not based on fair judgement
eg: accusations of political bias in news programmes (= that reports are unfair
and show favour to one political party)
- encounter (v) a meeting, especially one that is sudden, unexpected or violent
eg: encounter btw A&B
encounter with sb/sth
- in a… manner:the way that something is done or happens
eg: She answered in a businesslike manner.

9. A. consisting B. specifying C. meaning D. implying

- specify (v) to state something, especially by giving an exact measurement, time,
exact instructions, etc.
eg: The regulations specify that calculators may not be used in the examination.
- imply (v) to make it seem likely that something is true or exists
eg: Popularity does not necessarily imply merit.

10. A. startling B. triggering C. sparking D. arising

- startle somebody/something (v) to surprise somebody suddenly in a way that
slightly shocks or frightens them
eg: The explosion startled the horse.
- trigger something: to cause a device to start functioning
eg: to trigger an alarm
- spark sth (v) to cause something to start or develop, especially suddenly
eg: The proposal would spark a storm of protest around the country.
- arise (v) (especially of a problem or a difficult situation) to happen; to start to
exist
eg: An opportunity arose to work in the United States.

CLOZE TEST 2
Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known as ‘Dr. Seuss’, began writing for children (1)
______ by chance. During a long sea voyage in 1936, Seuss amused himself by
(2.)_____ together a nonsense poem to the rhythm of the ship's engine. Later he
illustrated the rhyme and published it as And to think that I saw it on Mulberry
Street. Many critics (3 .)_____it as Seuss’ best work.
A later book, McElligot's Pool, (4.) _____ the first appearance of Seuss' famous
fantasy characters, and Horton Hatches the Egg introduces an (5.) _____ of
morality. Seuss' reputation as a major children's writer was sealed with the
publication of The Cat in the Hat. This book uses easy-to-read words to tell the
story of two children alone at home on a rainy day. A cat wearing a tall hat arrives
to entertain them, wrecking their house in the (6.)_____. The enthusiastic (7.)
_____ of this book delighted Seuss and led him to found Beginner Books, a
publishing company specializing in easy-to-read books for children. Some of his
books have been made into cartoons and one of them, How the Grinch stole
Christmas, was also made into an ingenious and (8.)_____ successful feature film
starring Jim Carrey.
At one point in his career, Seuss (9.) _____ gave up writing for children and
(10.) _____ his talents to making documentary films. One of these attracted a
great deal of attention and won an Academy Award.

1.A.fully B. quite C.extremely D. fairly

- Quite by chance

2. A.placing B. laying C. putting D. setting

- Put sth together: to put the parts of something in the correct places and join
them to each other
eg: It took several hours to put the puzzle together.

3.A. look beyond B. look upon C.look through D. look towards

- Look beyond: to consider something more than something else.
- Look upon: to consider or think of someone or something in a stated way
eg: We looked on her as a daughter.
- Look through: to read something quickly
eg: I've looked through some catalogues.
- Look towards: To glance, gaze, or turn one's face in the direction of someone or
something.
eg: I looked toward the door and saw my bride entering the chapel.

4.A. indicates B. shows C. means D. marks

Mark the appearance: đánh dấu sự xuất hiện

5.A. amount B. ingredient C. element D. item

Element of morality = The moral element

6.A. practice B. method C. process D. action

- Practice (n) action rather than thought or ideas
eg: How do you intend to put these proposals into practice, Mohamed?
-> In practice: used to describe what really happens as opposed to what you think
will happen in a particular situation
eg: It seemed like a good idea before we started, but in practice it was a disaster.
-> Make a practice of sth: to do something regularly
eg: I'll do your washing for you this time, but I'm not going to make a practice of it.

- Method (n) a particular way of doing something

eg: Travelling by train is still one of the safest methods of transport.
-> method for sb to do sth
-> find/develop/employ a method
eg: We need to develop new methods to improve sales.

- Process (n) a series of actions that you take in order to achieve a result
eg: Increasing the number of women in top management jobs will be a slow
process.
-> be in the process of doing something: to have started doing something
eg: We're still in the process of decorating the house.

- Action(n) the process of doing something

eg: She has to accept the consequences of her actions.
-> take action (= do something)
eg: We must take action to deal with the problem before it spreads to other areas.
-> The complaints system swings into action (= starts to work) as soon as a claim
is made.
-> The committee was spurred into action (= encouraged to do something) by
the threat of government cuts.
-> where the action is: at the place where something important or interesting is
happening
eg: A journalist has to be where the action is.

7. A. reception B. welcome C. greeting D. admission

- Reception (n) the way in which people react to something or someone
eg: American musicians found a warm reception in Europe in the 1960s.
-> enthusiastic reception (collocation)
-> in reception

- Welcome (v) to be pleased about and encourage or support something

eg: The new appointment has been widely welcomed.
-> make someone welcome: to show someone that you are pleased that they are
with you
eg: The restaurant makes children very welcome.
-> be welcome to do something: used to tell someone that they can certainly do
something
eg: Anyone who is interested is welcome to come along.

- Greeting (n) something friendly or polite that you say or do when you meet or
welcome someone
eg: He nodded his head in greeting.

- Admission (n) the act of agreeing that something is true, especially unwillingly
eg: I felt he would see my giving up now as an admission that I was wrong.
-> By/On his own admission (= as he has said) he has achieved little since he
took over the company.

8. A. highly B. intensively C. strongly D. widely

Highly successful (collocation)

9. A. shortly B. momentarily C. temporarily D. presently

- Temporary (adj) not lasting or needed for very long
eg: The ceasefire will only provide a temporary solution to the crisis.
-> Temporarily (adv)
10. A. assigned B. allocated C. donated D. devoted
- Assign (v) to give a particular job or piece of work to someone
eg: She was assigned to the newspaper's Berlin office.
-> assign someone to something
eg: Each individual was assigned to a team representing a major stakeholder.
-> assign sb to do sth
eg: They assigned him to analyse computer records to look for signs of fraud.

- Allocate (v) to give something as a share of a total amount

eg: State funds will not be allocated to the program next year.
-> allocate sth for sth
eg: We have allocated €50,000 for printing and mailings.
-> allocate sth to sth
eg: The initial amounts received from customers or subscribers should be
allocated to two liability accounts.

- Donate (v) to give money or goods to help a person or organization

eg: An anonymous businesswoman donated one million dollars to the charity.
-> donate sth to sb/sth
eg: The commission also wants to make it easier for attorneys to donate time to
help poor clients.
-> donate to
eg: To encourage people to donate to charity, they provide a list of charities on
their website.
Devote (v) to give your time or effort completely to something you believe in or to
a person, or to use a particular amount of time or energy doing something
eg: He devoted his life to serving his family, friends, and neighbors.
Over half his speech was devoted to the issue of saving Social Security.
-> devote something/oneself to something/someone

B. WRITTEN TEST
1. OPEN CLOZE TEST
Fill in each blank with ONE word to make a complete passage
TEST 1
THE KARAOKE CULTURE
We live in a culture that values participation over ability: the karaoke culture. In
broadcasting, it seems we cannot escape the vogue for ' access TV', ' people shows'
and 'video diaries'. (l)__Such__ is our apparent obsession with documenting our
own lives (2)___that_ in the future, programmes will be replaced by cameras in
every room so that we can watch (3)__ourselves__ endlessly on TV. In the
countless shows that fill our daytime schedules, (4)_the____ audience has become
the star. The (5)__trouble/problems____ with this ' inclusive' culture is that it
knows (6)_no_____ bounds. The public make programmes, the public participate
in programmes, the public become performers. Anybody (7)_can____ do it! But
there is a world of (8)__difference___ enjoying something and joining in. if we
all join in, (9)__what__ is the point of artists or experts? If everything is
accessible, (10)__there__ can be no mystery, no mystique.

- Such + to be + N + that + clause

eg: Such was a heavy box that he could not lift it.

TEST 2
QUEST - THE NEXT BIG THING?
How often do you go along to a gig and see (1)__something_______ new? Well,
Quest's Friday night gig at the City Hall certainly caught my
(2)____attention_____ . Having heard one or two tracks online, I was
(3)___expecting______ a group of about six musicians. Imagine my surprise when
just three young men walked on stage. It was clear that the band already have a
small but (4)__loyal/devoted_____ following. A group of fans in front of the small
stage were singing (5)_____along____ to at least half of the songs. And it was
easy to see why. Quest have a clever combination of catchy (6).__lyrics______ ,
an irresistible beat, and very much their own sound. All three of the band members
play with great energy and expertise (7)_____despite__ their age. The only
downside was when it came to the encores. They (8)____ended_____ up repeating
some of their material and giving US cover (9)__versions_______ of early rock
classics. A bit disappointing, but give them time and I'm sure they'll be writing a
lot more. I'm sure we'll be hearing a lot more from Quest. Check them out every
Friday at the City Hall until the end of the month. It's well (10)_worth__ ’ it.

II. WORD FORMS

A. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the given word
l . Do you know that exceptionally successful entrepreneurs, such as Richard
Branson, used to be academically _Outshone_______ by their peers when they
were at school? (SHINE)
- Outshine (adj) to be much more skilful and successful than someone
eg: Ben Palmer easily outshone his rivals in the 200 metre freestyle.
-> Outshone (adj) quá khứ phân từ
2.Efforts have been made to recover disaster-stricken and _____war-torn ___
areas of the country, hope fading day by day. (WAR)
- War-torn (adj) severely damaged by a long war
eg: It is a long-term task to rebuild the infrastructure of a war-torn country such
as Angola

3.I think saying that all black people are lazy is a very __racist_______ remark, to
be honest (RACE)
- Racist (n) someone who believes that their race makes them better, more
intelligent, more moral, etc. than people of other races and who does or says unfair
or harmful things as a result
eg: She cannot understand how her husband could be branded a racist.

4. In some countries, women can sue their husband for having

____extramarital______ affairs and opt for one-sided divorce. (MARRY)
- Extramarital (adj) An extramarital sexual relationship is one between a married
person and someone who is not their husband or wife
eg: an extramarital affair

5.New full-time students from lower income households will be able to apply for
a(n) ___non-repayable______ maintenance grant offered by the government, but
have to work in public sectors after they graduate. (PAY)
- Non-repayable (adj) not able to be repaid
eg: a nonrepayable grant

6.I don't think their marriage will last long. They're _____continually_____
quarrelling. (CONTINUE)
- Đứng trước một động từ nên dùng trạng từ
- Continue (v) -> continual (adj) -> continually (adv)

7.Six-core processor is one of the most __cutting-edge________ technologies yet

invented to revolutionise the way computers work. (CUT)
- Cutting-edge (n) the most modern stage of development in a particular type of
work or activity
eg: a company at the cutting-edge of mobile communications technology
-> at the cutting-edge of

8.It's _____infuriating_____ when people won't believe things that they are
obviously true. (FURY)
- Fury (n) extreme anger
eg: He could hardly contain his fury.
-> infuriate (v) to make someone extremely angry
eg: His sexist attitude infuriates me.
-> Infuriating (adj)

9.Globalization is the ongoing process that deepens and broadens the relationship
and ___interdependence_______ among countries. (DEPEND)
- Depend (v) to be decided by or to change according to the stated thing
eg: Whether or not we go to Mexico for our holiday depends on the cost.
-> interdependence (n) the fact of depending on each other
eg: our interdependence as a global society

10.The board of directors pour scorn on the _____overseers_____ dereliction of

duties, causing the company to suffer catastrophic quarterly losses. (SEE)
- Overseer (n) a person whose job it is to make certain that employees are working
or that an activity is being done correctly
eg: As the nation's regulatory overseer, he could advance, delay, or cancel major
initiatives.
B. Fill in each blank with the correct form of one suitable word from the list
given
colony advantage access evolve settle
establish plant sufficient wild isolate
The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North
American colonies was the slow (1) evolution of cities in the former and their
rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from
town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as
(2)wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than
a century. In the early (3)colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up
along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and the
Middle Atlantic states in the USA and in the lower Saint Lawrence and France,
particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment)
and many consumer goods were imported.
Merchandising (4)establishment were, accordingly, (5)advantageously located
in port cities which goods could be readily distributed to interior
(6)settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw
materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other
cities flourished, and as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.
This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms,
known as (7)plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas
further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local (8)isolation and the
economic (9)self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the
development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence
because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf
(10)accessible to the small shipping of that day. in fact, one of the strongest
factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have it front on a
water highway

III. ERROR IDENTIFICATION

There are 10 mistakes in this passage. Underline and correct them
First comes the PC, then the internet and e-mail; now the e-book is upon us, a
hand-held device similarly in size and appearance to a video cassette. The user
simply rings up the website on their PC, selects the desired books, downloads
them onto their e-book machine and sits down to read them. In turn a page, the
user simply taps the screen. E-book technology is evolving rapidly, and with
some of the latest handholds you will even get internet access. But why would
one want an e-book machine with preference to a book? Well, one selling point
companies emphasized, when these devices hit the few years ago, which is the
space they save when going on holiday. E-books enlighten the load, literally. Ten
large novels can be put onto a device that weighs less than the average paperback.
One can understand why commercial interests seem to want us to change. After
all, the whole production process at first plan by author until delivery to the
printer has been doing electronically for a while now, so why not save a few
million trees and cut out the hard copy?

- Line 1: comes -> came: Vì là thời gian trong quá khứ nên không
chia ở hiện tại
- Line 2: similarly -> similar: Đang nói về việc “a hand-held
device” giống với “a video cassette” nên phải dùng tính từ
- Line 3: rings -> calls: Thay rings thành calls -> call sth up
- Call sth up: to find and show information on a computer screen
eg: You can use the search facility to call up all the occurrences of a
particular word in a document.
- Line 4: in -> to:“In turn a page…” -> “To turn a page…”: để lật qua
trang
Line 6: handholds -> handhelds
- Handhold (n) a thing you can hold on to with your hand as a support
when climbing
- Handheld: A handheld object has been designed so that it can be
held and used easily with one or two hands
Line 7: with -> in
- in preference to (idiom) instead of, rather than
eg: They chose her in preference to me.
Line 9: which is -> with
Line 9: enlighten -> lighten
- Enlighten (v) to provide someone with information and understanding, or to
explain the true facts about something to someone
eg: Should the function of children's television be to entertain or to enlighten?
- Lighten (v) to become less dark
eg: The sky had lightened and there were breaks in the clouds.
- Line 13: at -> from
- Line 14: doing -> done
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
Rewrite each of the sentences with the given word or the given beginning so
that the new sentence has the same meaning as the previous one
1.Pop stars are corrupted by the adulation of their fans.
=> It's the way their fans adulate them that corrupts pop stars.(cleft sentence)

2. What I understand from her words is that it seems neither Cole nor Ledley King
will be going to Japan.
=> Reading between the lines, it seems neither Cole nor Ledley King will be
going to Japan.
- read between the lines: to infer something (from something else); to try to
understand what is meant by something that is not written explicitly or openly.

3.The crash victim was beyond help when emergency services reach her.
(WHATSOEVER)
=> There was nothing whatsoever emergency services could do on reaching the
crash victim.
- no, nothing, none, etc. whatsoever: not at all; not of any kind=whatever
eg: They received no help whatsoever.

4.The staff hated Frank's new policies intensely and so went on strike.
=>So intense was the hatred for Frank’s new policies that the staff went on
strike.(inversion)

5.The fourth time he asked her to marry him, she accepted.

=>Only on his fourth proposal did she agree to marry him. (inversion)

6.He worked very hard but he was unable to earn enough for his living. ENDS
=> Hard-working as he was, he was unable to make ends meet.
- make (both) ends: meet:to earn just enough money to be able to buy the things
you need
eg: Many families struggle to make ends meet.

7.Competition is fierce, but Frozen is a firm favourite to win the award for Best
Animation of the year. (LOOKS)
-> In the face /teeth of fierce competition, Frozen looks set to win the award for
Best Animation of the year.
- in the face/teeth of something: despite problems, difficulties, etc.
eg: She showed great courage in the face of danger.

8.Her latest novel isn't as good as her previous one. (PAR)

=> Her latest novel isn't on a par with her previous one.

9.She was very angry when her son made changes to her computer without her
permission. (TAMPERING)
=> Her son tampering with her computer, she blew her stack.
- blow your top/stack: get very angry

10.She herself admitted to being rather selfish.

=> On her own admission, she was rather selfish.