ANSWER KEY

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others
1. A. picturesquely B. antiqueness C. querulously D. discotheque
querulously /ˈkwerələsli/ (adv): in a complaining way; in a way that shows you are annoyed
picturesquely /ˌpɪktʃəˈreskli/
antiqueness / ænˈtiːknəs/
discotheque /ˈdɪskətek/ (n): a club where people dance to recorded pop music
2. A. comet B. simile C. starlet D. sequence
sequence /ˈsiːkwəns/
comet /ˈkɑːmɪt/(n): a mass of ice and dust that moves around the sun and looks like a bright star with
a tail
simile /ˈsɪməli/ (n): a word or phrase that compares something to something else, using the
words like or as, for example a face like a mask or as white as snow; the use of such words and
phrases
starlet /ˈstɑːrlət/ (n): a young woman actor hoping to become famous
3. A. sociable B. species C. specimen D. specialist
specimen /ˈspesɪmən/ (n): a small amount of something that shows what the rest of it is like
sociable /ˈsəʊʃəbl/
species /ˈspiːʃiːz/
specialist /ˈspeʃəlɪst/

II. Choose the word that has the stress pattern different from that of the others
1. A. legitimate B. comparison C. arithmetic (n) D. engineering
engineering /ˌendʒɪˈnɪrɪŋ/
legitimate /lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/ (adj): for which there is a fair and acceptable reason
comparison /kəmˈpærɪsn/
arithmetic /əˈrɪθmətɪk/ (n): the type of mathematics that deals with the adding, multiplying, etc. of
numbers
2. A. entrepreneur B. anonymity C. representation D. encyclopedia
anonymity /ˌænəˈnɪməti/ (n): the state of remaining unknown to most other people
entrepreneur /ˌɑːntrəprəˈnɜːr/ (n): a person who makes money by starting or running businesses,
especially when this involves taking financial risks
representation /ˌreprɪzenˈteɪʃn/ (n): the act of presenting somebody/something in a particular way;
something that shows or describes something
encyclopedia /ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdiə/ (n): a book or set of books giving information about all areas of
knowledge or about different areas of one particular subject, usually arranged in alphabetical order; a
similar collection of information in digital form

III. Choose the best options to complete the following sentences

1. Andrew is a very disciplined employee. He __________great importance to coming to work in
time.
A. affixes B. attributes C. admits D. attaches
attach (v): to believe that something is important or worth thinking about
disciplined (adj): trained to obey rules and orders and behave in a way that shows control
2. On his desk ___________, which he usually sits in front of and looks at.
A. stood the picture of us B. it is the picture of it
C. standing the picture of us D. stands the picture of us
3. If you want a flat in the centre of the city, you have to pay through the __________ for it.
A. teeth B. head C. nose D. arm
pay through the nose (for it) (idiom): to pay too much money for something
4. That human rights are ___________ is unacceptable in a civilized society.
A. infringed B. impeached C. abrogated D. quashed
infringe (v): to limit somebody’s legal rights
impeach (v): (of a court or other official body, especially in the US) to charge an important public
figure with a serious crime
abrogate (v): to officially end a law, an agreement, etc.
quash (v): to officially say that a decision made by a court is no longer legally acceptable or correct
5. I’ve heard that argument before and quite frankly it just doesn’t __________!
A. face the music B. hold water C. carry weight D. hit the roof
hold water (idiom): to seem to be true or reasonable
face the music (idiom): to accept responsibility for something you have done
carry weight (idiom): to be considered serious and important enough to influence other people
hit the roof (idiom): to become extremely angry
frankly (adv): in an honest and direct way that people might not like
6. That ancient car of his is __________joke among his friends.
A. standing B. steady C. settled D. stable
standing joke (n): something that a particular group of people are familiar with and laugh about
often, especially in an unkind way
7. After congratulating his team, the coach left, allowing the players to let their ________down for a
while.
A. souls B. hearts C. heads D. hair
let one’s hair down (idiom): to allow yourself to behave much more freely than usual and enjoy
yourself
8. It is imperative that your Facebook password __________confidential.
A. be kept B. keeps C. is to be kept D. is kept
imperative (adj): very important and needing immediate attention or action
confidential (adj): meant to be kept secret and not told to or shared with other people
9. All his hard work ___________in success.
A. accounted B. merged C. culminated D. succumbed
culminate (v): to end with a particular result, or at a particular point
succumb (v): to not be able to fight an attack, a temptation, etc.
10. He’s a tough politician – he knows how to __________the storm.
A. ride out B. run down C. keep up D. push back
ride (out) the storm (idiom): to manage not to be destroyed, harmed, or permanently affected by the
difficult situation you experience
run down sth (phr.v): to make something lose power or stop working
keep up sth (phr.v): to continue something at the same, usually high, level
push back (on sth) (phr.v): to oppose or resist a plan, an idea or a change
11. He might look kind and sympathetic, but deep down he’s as hard as __________.
A. nails B. mountain C. a gangster D. an iceberg
deep down (idiom): If you know something deep down, you know your true feelings about
something, although you may not admit them to yourself.
as tough/hard as nails (idiom): not feeling or showing any emotions such as sympathy, fear, or
worry
12. Although the patient received intensive treatment, there was no _________ improvement in her
condition.
A. decipherable B. legible C. discernible D. intelligible
discernible (adj): that can be recognized or understood
legible (adj): (of written or printed words) clear enough to read
intelligible (adj): that can be easily understood
intensive (adj): involving a lot of work or activity done in a short time
13. I love hanging out with Mary – she is really a __________ of sunshine.
A. beam B. ray C. glow D. light
ray of sunshine (idiom): a happy person who makes others feel happy, especially in a difficult
situation
14. Alaska boasts several climates due to its ____________mountains, warm ocean currents, and
frozen seas.
A. adept B. pious C. ghastly D. lofty
lofty (adj): (of buildings, mountains, etc.) very high and impressive
adept (adj): good at doing something that is quite difficult
pious (adj): having or showing a deep respect for God and religion
ghastly (adj): (of an experience or a situation) very bad; unpleasant
15. We hadn’t _________such heavy traffic, and we were delayed for hours.
A. gone in for B. set about C. worked out D. bargained for
bargain for/on sth (phr.v): (usually in negative sentences)to expect something to happen and be
prepared for it
go in for sth (phr.v): to have something as an interest or a hobby
set about sth (phr.v): to start doing something

IV. Supply each gap with the correct form of the word given in brackets
1. The Transformer is quite intriguing. It is __undoubtedly _____ one of the best movies of the year.
(DOUBT)
intriguing (adj): very interesting because of being unusual or not having an obvious answer
2. Her latest novel is a ___futuristic ______thriller, set some time in the late 21st century. (FUTURE)
futuristic (adj): imagining what the future will be like
3. The new policy only serves to __accentuate_____ the inadequacy of help for the homeless.
(ACCENT)
accentuate (v): to emphasize something or make it easier to notice
4. Successful candidates will be required to __undertake_____ an induction programme. (TAKE)
undertake (v): to make yourself responsible for something and start doing it
induction (n): the process of introducing somebody to a new job, skill, organization, etc.; a ceremony
at which this takes place
5. Phyllis Schlaffy, the __outspoken _______conservative activist who helped defeat the Equal
Rights Amendment in the 1970s, has died. (SPEAK)
outspoken (adj): saying exactly what you think, even if this shocks or offends people
6. Physicians must exercise caution when prescribing ___anti-depressants_____. (DEPRESS)
anti-depressant (n): a drug used to treat the illness depression
7. His collection of plants contains many ___rarities______. (RARE)
rarity (n): a person or thing that is unusual and is therefore often valuable or interesting
8. In Scotland, there is greater emphasis on _self-evaluation ______ by individual schools.
(EVALUATE)
9. The __electrification_______ of those mountainous villages is the greatest achievement of this
government. (ELECTRIC)
electrification (n): the process of changing something so that it works by electricity
10. The young girl is at a very ___impressionable _____ age so we must make sure that she goes
with the right sort of person. (IMPRESS)
impressionable (adj): (of a person, especially a young one) easily influenced or affected by
somebody/something

V. Read the the text below and think of ONE word which best fits each space.
Snacking on green ants is (1)__not_____everyone’s idea of the most delicious holiday
indulgence, but on a recent walk through the Daintree rainforest in Queensland, Australia,
aboriginal guide Kirsty Norris assured a group of uncertain guests that the traditional food source
of her KukuYalanji tribe was (2)___worth__ a try. She (3)__may/ might/ could______ have been
right – but luckily for the native ants and the tourists, rain came streaming down through the
canopy, sending (4)__any____ possible food scurrying for cover.
Connecting with nature isn’t a compulsory (5)____part___ of a stay at an
environmentally friendly resort, but at the Daintree Eco Lodge, (6)__where____ tree-house villas
are set on stilts above the compound’s waterfall-fed creek, many people find
(7)____themselves____ doing a bit of communing while they relax.
 (8)__While/ Though/ Although______ ecotourism is increasing in popularity, recording
heady growth worldwide, it is still difficult to define. For some travellers, ecotourism means
eavesdropping (9)__on__ nature from the comfort of a plush bed with a magnificent view. For
(10)___others___, it’s about doing without hot showers and trekking across wildernesses.
However, industry watchers say the category’s basic tenet is minimal environmental impact
combined with some contribution to education and conservation.

indulgence (n): the state or act of having or doing whatever you want; the state of allowing somebody
to have or do whatever they want
aboriginal (adj): relating to the original people living in Australia before Europeans arrived; relating
to the original people, animals, etc. of a place and to a period of time before Europeans arrived
canopy (n): a layer of something that spreads over an area like a roof, especially branches of trees in a
forest
scurry (v): to run with quick short steps
stilt (n): one of a set of posts that support a building so that it is high above the ground or water
creek (n): a narrow area of water where the sea flows into the land
eavesdrop (v): to listen secretly to what other people are saying
plush (n): a type of silk or cotton cloth with a thick soft surface made of a mass of threads
wildernesses (n): a large area of land that has never been developed or used for growing crops
because it is difficult to live there
tenet (n): one of the principles or beliefs that a theory or larger set of beliefs is based on
minimal (adj): very small in size or amount; as small as possible

VI. Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
Aside from the seasons, El Nino and its twin, La Nina, are the two largest single causes of variability
in the world's climate from year to year. Both are dictated by shifts in water temperature in the tropical
Pacific basin between Australia and South America. (1)________ after the Spanish words for "Christ
child" and "the girl" because of their (2)_________ to Christmas, they lead to dramatic shifts in the
entire system of oceanic and atmospheric factors from air pressure to currents.

A significant rise in sea temperature leads to an El Nino event whereas a fall in temperature leads to La
Nina. The cause of the phenomenon is not fully understood but in an El Nino "event" the pool of warm
surface water is forced eastwards by the loss of the westerly trade winds. The sea water evaporates,
(3)_________ in drenching rains over South America, as well as western parts of the United States,
such as California. The effects can (4) ________ for anything from a few weeks to 18 months, causing
extreme weather as far afield as India and East Africa. The correlation with global warming is as
(5)_________ unclear. Archaeological evidence shows El Ninos and La Ninas have been (6)_________
for 15,000 years. But scientists are investigating whether climate change is leading to an increase in
their intensity or duration.

The weather pattern is already having early and intense effects and El Nino could bring extreme rainfall
to parts of east Africa which were last year (7)__________ by a cycle of drought and floods. It's difficult
to predict what will happen to the weather in the British Isles, but it will probably add to the likelihood
of record-breaking temperatures in the UK.

variability (n): the fact of something being likely to vary

dictate (v): to control or influence how something happens
basin (n): a place where the earth’s surface is lower than in other areas of the world
westerly (adj): (of winds) blowing from the west
drench (v): to make someone or something extremely wet
correlation (n): a connection between two things in which one thing changes as the other does
far afield (idiom): far away from home; to or in places that are not near
isle (n): used especially in poetry and names to mean ‘island’
1. A. Elected B. Called C. Nominated D. Named
2. A. proximity B. neighbourhood C. attachment D. bond
proximity (n): the state of being near somebody/something in distance or time
3. A. producing B. resulting C. stemming D. refreshing
4. A. persist B. keep C. conserve D. assert
persist (v): to continue to exist
assert (v): to start to have an effect
5. A. still B. yet C. present D. now
6. A. dawning B. obtaining C. occurring D. securing
7. A. hit B. shoved C. punctured D. punched

VII. Read the following text and answer the questions

GIFTED CHILDREN AND LEARNING
A. Internationally, ‘giftedness’ is most frequently determined by a score on a general intelligence
test, known as an IQ test, which is above a chosen cutoff point, usually at around the top 2-5%.
Children’s educational environment contributes to the IQ score and the way intelligence is used. For
example, a very close positive relationship was found when children’s IQ scores were compared with
their home educational provision (Freeman, 2010). The higher the children’s IQ scores, especially
over IQ 130, the better the quality of their educational backup, measured in terms of reported verbal
interactions with parents, number of books and activities in their home etc. Because IQ tests are
decidedly influenced by what the child has learned, they are to some extent measures of current
achievement based on age-norms; that is, how well the children have learned to manipulate their
knowledge and know-how within the terms of the test. The vocabulary aspect, for example, is
dependent on having heard those words. But IQ tests can neither identify the processes of learning
and thinking nor predict creativity.
B. Excellence does not emerge without appropriate help. To reach an exceptionally high standard in
any area very able children need the means to learn, which includes material to work with and focused
challenging tuition -and the encouragement to follow their dream. There appears to be a qualitative
difference in the way the intellectually highly able think, compared with more average-ability or older
pupils, for whom external regulation by the teacher often compensates for lack of internal regulation.
To be at their most effective in their self-regulation, all children can be helped to identify their own
ways of learning – metacognition – which will include strategies of planning, monitoring, evaluation,
and choice of what to learn. Emotional awareness is also part of metacognition, so children should be
helped to be aware of their feelings around the area to be learned, feelings of curiosity or confidence,
for example.
C. High achievers have been found to use self-regulatory learning strategies more often and more
effectively than lower achievers, and are better able to transfer these strategies to deal with unfamiliar
tasks. This happens to such a high degree in some children that they appear to be demonstrating talent
in particular areas. Overviewing research on the thinking process of highly able
children, (Shore and Kanevsky, 1993) put the instructor’s problem succinctly: ‘If they [the gifted]
merely think more quickly, then .we need only teach more quickly. If they merely make fewer errors,
then we can shorten the practice’. But of course, this is not entirely the case; adjustments have to be
made in methods of learning and teaching, to take account of the many ways individuals think.
D. Yet in order to learn by themselves, the gifted do need some support from their teachers.
Conversely, teachers who have a tendency to ‘overdirect’ can diminish their gifted pupils’ learning
autonomy. Although ‘spoon-feeding’ can produce extremely high examination results, these are not
always followed by equally impressive life successes. Too much dependence on the teachers risks
loss of autonomy and motivation to discover. However, when teachers o pupils to reflect on their own
learning and thinking activities, they increase their pupils’ self-regulation. For a young child, it may
be just the simple question ‘What have you learned today?’ which helps them to recognise what they
are doing. Given that a fundamental goal of education is to transfer the control of learning from
teachers to pupils, improving pupils’ learning to learn techniques should be a major outcome of the
school experience, especially for the highly competent. There are quite a number of new methods
which can help, such as child- initiated learning, ability-peer tutoring, etc. Such practices have been
found to be particularly useful for bright children from deprived areas.
E. But scientific progress is not all theoretical, knowledge is a so vital to outstanding performance:
individuals who know a great deal about a specific domain will achieve at a higher level than those
who do not (Elshout, 1995). Research with creative scientists by Simonton (1988) brought him to the
conclusion that above a certain high level, characteristics such as independence seemed to contribute
more to reaching the highest levels of expertise than intellectual skills, due to the great demands of
effort and time needed for learning and practice. Creativity in all forms can be seen as expertise se
mixed with a high level of motivation (Weisberg, 1993).
F. To sum up, learning is affected by emotions of both the individual and significant others. Positive
emotions facilitate the creative aspects of earning and negative emotions inhibit it. Fear, for example,
can limit the development of curiosity, which is a strong force in scientific advance, because it
motivates problem-solving behaviour. In Boekaerts’ (1991) review of emotion the learning of very
high IQ and highly achieving children, she found emotional forces in harness. They were not only
curious, but often had a strong desire to control their environment, improve their learning efficiency
and increase their own learning resources.

cutoff (n): a point or limit when you stop something

backup (n): extra help or support that you can get if necessary
decidedly (adv): (used with an adjective or adverb) definitely and in an obvious way
manipulate (v): to control or influence something or someone so that you get an advantage, often
unfairly or dishonestly
know-how (n): knowledge of how to do something and experience in doing it
exceptionally (adv): used before an adjective or adverb to emphasize how strong or unusual the
quality is
metacognition (n): knowledge and understanding of your own thinking
succinctly (adv): using only a few words that state something clearly
spoon-feed (v): to teach people something in a way that gives them too much help and does not make
them think for themselves
autonomy (n): the ability to act and make decisions without being controlled by anyone else
deprived (adj): without enough food, education, and all the things that are necessary for people to live
a happy and comfortable life
domain (n): an area of knowledge or activity; especially one that somebody is responsible for
in harness (n): doing your normal work, especially after a rest or a holiday

Questions 1-4. Which paragraph (A-F) contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F in the space provided. You may use any letter more than once.
1. a reference to the influence of the domestic background on the gifted child
_____A_______
2. reference to what can be lost if learners are given too much guidance
_____D_______
3. a reference to the damaging effects of anxiety
_____F_______
4. examples of classroom techniques which favour socially-disadvantaged children
_____D_______
Questions 5-9. Match each statement with the correct person or people, A-E. Write the correct letter,
A-E, in the space provided.
5. Less time can be spent on exercises with gifted pupils who produce accurate work.
_____B_______
6. Self-reliance is a valuable tool that helps gifted students reach their goals.
_____D_______
7. Gifted children know how to channel their feelings to assist their learning.
_____E_______
channel (v): to direct money, feelings, ideas, etc. towards a particular thing or purpose
8. The very gifted child benefits from appropriate support from close relatives.
 _____A_______
9. Really successful students have learnt a considerable amount about their subject.
_____C_______
List of People
A Freeman B Shore and Kanevsky C Elshout
D Simonton E Boekaerts
Questions 10-13. Complete the sentences below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the
passage for each answer.
10. One study found a strong connection between children’s IQ and the availability of ___books____
and __activities___ at home.
11. Children of average ability seem to need more direction from teachers because they do not
have__internal regulation/ self-regulation_____________.
12. Meta-cognition involves children understanding their own learning strategies, as well as
developing __emotional awareness_______.
13. Teachers who rely on what is known as__spoon-feeding______often produce sets of impressive
grades in class tests.

VIII. Rewrite the following sentences using the suggestions

1. I hope his story will help us to understand what happened. (shed)
Hopefully when he tells us his story, it will shed light on what happened.
shed light on sth (idiom): to help to explain a situation
2. He was finally able to adjust himself to the new working condition. (swing)
He finally got into the swing of the new working condition.
get into the swing of sth (idiom): to start to understand, enjoy, and be active in something
3. The phone bill was so expensive that Dave was furious. (arms)
Dave was up in arms about such an expensive phone bill.
be up in arms about sth (idiom): to be very angry
4. You don’t have to come and see the new house if you don’t wish.
You are under no obligation to come and see the new house if you don’t wish.
5. The headmaster has a very good opinion of the physics teacher.
The headmaster holds the physics teacher in high esteem.
hold sb in high esteem (idiom): to admire or respect someone very much
headmaster (n): a male teacher who is in charge of a school, especially a private school
6. It is common knowledge that a cooked meal is far more nutritious than junk food.
Junk food can nowhere be as nutritious as a cooked meal according to popular belief.
7. It’s believed that the school prestige has improved immensely in the last few decades. (measure)
The school prestige is believed to have improved beyond measure in the last few decades.
beyond measure (idiom): to a very great degree an artist who is talented beyond (all) measure
prestige (n): the respect and value that somebody/something has because of their social position, or
what they have done
immensely (adv): extremely; very much
8. If I were him, I would return home no later than 11 o’clock.
It is advised that he return home no later than 11 o’clock.
9. Sam did all the illustrations for the book but no one acknowledged his work. (credit)
Sam wasn’t given any credit for all the illustrations for the book.
give sb credit for sth (idiom): to acknowledge and praise (someone for a good piece of work etc)
10. John is lending me his country house for the weekend. (disposal)
John’s house is at my disposal for the weekend.
at one’s disposal (idiom): If you have something at your disposal, you are able to use it whenever
you want, and for whatever purpose you want.

THE END.