Dev 21ECI771

As hwit- 21BLCISL9
LITERATUREREVIEW Teanush 218eC65 8
Kiran ZiBECi2O
"Whatyou watch says about you"

1. Psychological factors that influence what people watch (21BEC1771)

2. Sociological factors or Influence of family and peers on what people watch

(21BLC1549)

3. Relationship between viewing preferences and personality traits (21 BEC1771)

4. Impact of online recommendations (21 BECi120)

5. History and Evolution of entertainment and media (21BLC1549)

6. The ethics of collecting and using watch data (21BECi120)

7. Potential effects of overconsumption of media towards individual and social well

being (21 BEC1658)

Viewer Groups (21BECI658)

8.
1. Psychological factors that influence what people watch

David G. Myers and C. Nathan DeWall's study, "The

Psychological Aspects That
Influence What People Watch," examines the
psychological factors that affect
people's television viewing choices. The authors discovered that a variety of
such as motivation, elements,
personality, and mood, affect what people watch. People could
decide to watch comedies to
lighten their mood or dramas to satiate their desire for
excitement, for instance. Additionally, the authors contend that
interactions and relationships can affect their choice of
people's social
do so in order to
programming since they may
strengthen their social ties. The authors come to the conclusion that
comprehending these psychological elements might illuminate why people choose to
watch particular shows and can
provide

In their study, "Cognitive and Emotional Responses to Television

Process Model," Jenni Romaniuk and John R. Rossiter Programs: A

for
suggest
a model
process to
account people's cognitive and emotional reactions to television.
authors, people's viewing experiences are influenced According to the
by both their environmental
context-such as their mood-and their individual
traits, such as their
goals and
personalities. They also contend that a number of processing stages, including as
exposure, attention, comprehension, evaluation, and
memory, have an impact on how
viewers react to television
programming. The authors contend that these cognitive and
emotional reactions to television can have both
favourable and unfavourable
consequences on people's wellbeing, and they recommend that more
focus on these issues. study should

Tamar Rubinstein and Itzhak

Yanovitzky's work, "Motivational Elements in Media
Choice: A Uses and Gratifications
Perspective," examines the motivational factors
that affect people's media choices from a uses and
gratifications perspective.
According to the authors, people utilise media to satisfy a
variety of demands,
including those for social contact, entertainment, and information. Additionally, they
contend that these demands change amongst people and are intluenced by variables
including personality, demographics, and environmental circumstances. The authors
contend that comprehending the factors intluencing media choices might throw light
w h y people select to consume particular media and can guide future media
psychology studies.
 and peers on what people
.SoCiological factors or Influence of family
watch

The audience, especially young adults, can often use Social TV to share their

experiences online and attract more audiences to enhance their entertainment and
even their education (Hutcinoson,2015). Pyan et al(2014) found a direct relationship

between interaction and communication between the users of two screens. Those who

experience something pleasant on TV tend to share it on social media platforms,

resulting in more viewers and, eventually, a strong relationship.

In terms of equality, entertainment acts like a coin. On one hand it changes the

mentality of masses by portraying women as empowered and equal to men, also

eliminating taboos like menstruation, encouraging more participation in politics,

sports and various fields. But at the same time, it also presents women as sexual

objects (in song videos as well as in the plots by adding unnecessary shots). Using
male gaze for movies to reach collections is also commonly practiced.

Market of violence has not been any secrete. It cannot be boldly stated that it doesn't
affects the audience as there have been cases of violence involved (especially in
youngsters and gullible people). Moreover, it affects mass believes and choices.
Previous for example American television entertainments refrained themselves from
showing African Americans on screen. This made the
community invisible for
thousands of people. "The individual choice of viewer
creates a mass effect."
. Relationship between viewing preferences and personality iraits

The relationship between the Big Five personality qualities and peoples usage of
varnous types of television programmes is examined in the study "The Big Five
Personality Traits and Use of Different Types of Television Programs" by Andreas H.
Jansson and Thomas Karlsson. Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion,
agreeableness, and neuroticism are the Big Five personality qualities. The authors
discovered that people's personality qualities were connected to the various television
shows they watched, with some personality traits being more strongly linked to
particular programming than others. For instance, those who scored well on
extraversion were more likely to watch reality shows, whereas those who scored
highly on openness were more likely to watch documentaries.

The association between

personality traits and Internet use is examined in the paper
"The Relationship between Personality Traits and Internet Uses: A
Study of User
Motivations" by Christina Ergulec and Mehmet
Bilgin. The authors looked into how
people's reasons for using the Internet were influenced by their Big Five personality
traits: openness, conscientiousness,
extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
They discovered that every personality characteristic was connected to various
of the Internet, with some usage
qualities being more strongly connected to particular uses
than others. For instance, individuals with
high openness scores were more likely to
use the Internet for informational
purposes, but individuals with high extraversion
scores were more likely to use it for social
interactions.

James E. Russo and Mark A. Hicks' work

"Personality and the Prediction of Media
Preferences" investigates the connection between
personality characteristics and
media preferences. The authors looked into how
people's preferences for various
forms of media, such as television, movies, and music, are intluenced
by their Big
Five personality qualities, which are openness,
conscientiousness, extraversion,
apreeableness, and neuroticism. They discovered a connection
between personality
factors and media preferences, wIth some teatures having a
narticular media than others. People ith high openness
stronger correlation
with
scores, for
more likely to choose unorthodox, expenimental, and complicated instance. were
kinds of media,
whereas people
with high extraversion scores were more
likely to favour vivaciouo
forms of media. us
conscious
and socially
4. Impact of online recommendations
R.
Recommender Systems Sales: A Field Experiment
on
by M.
"The Influence of Information
Transactions on Management
Bond and Y. Wang, published in the ACM
sales in a real-world
the of recommender systems on
Systems, investigates impact the
in which they manipulated
setting.The authors conducted a field experiment
website. They found that
recommendations displayed to users on a large e-commerce

and that the effect was

the presence of recommendations significantly increased sales
The authors also
for users who received more
relevant recommendations.
stronger that were
found that the impact of recommendations on
sales was greater for products
an important
not frequently purchased, suggesting
that recommender systems can play
valuable
The article provides
role in promoting the discovery of new products.
behavior and the
of recommender systems on consumer
insights into the impact
for these systems to drive sales and increase product
discovery.
potential

A Philosophical
"How Online Recommendation Algorithms Shape Our Taste:
evaluates t
J. Kennedy, published in the Journal of Business Ethics,
Critique" by
recommendation algorithms on our taste
and preferences. The author
impact of online
have the potential to shape our tastes by influencing
our

argues that these algorithms discusses the ethical

and experiences. The author also
exposure to new products to
the potential for these algorithms
implications of this influence, including The author calls for
and reinforce cultural homogenization.
perpetuate existing biases
recommendation algorithms on our
a greater understanding
of the impact of online
these algorithms
and accountability in the way
taste and for more transparency
valuable critique of the role
that online
operate. The article provides a
considerations
our taste and the ethical
recommendation algorithms play in shaping
and use.
that must be taken into account in their development

Concerns" byS. S. Bhowmick and S.

"Online Recommender Systems and Privacy
Confidentiality, examines the privacy
Ghosh, published in the Journal of Privacy and of these
that the use
implications of online recommender systems. The authors argue
of personal
systems raises several privacy including the collection and use
concerns,
also
and the potential for discrimination. They
data, the potential for surveillance, and the
in the operation of recommender systems
discuss the need for transparency
users control over their personal data.
The authors call for the
importance of giving of privacy
technologies and the implementation
development of privacy-enhancing in a
recommender systems is conducted
to ensure that the use of
regulations into the privacy
manner. The article provides valuable insights
responsible and ethical
and the importance of addressing these
online recommender systems
implications of
development and use of these systems.
concerns in the
5. History and Evolution of entertainment and media

"Entertainment is any action, event or activity for the purpose of entertaining and
eliciting the interest of an audience. It is the presence of an audience that makes anv
private activity from recreation or leisure into entertainment."
Some of the activities that were once considered entertainment, such as public
executions, were successively removed from the public sphere. Other activities that
throughout history have been essential skills of certain professions, such as sword
management or archery, are today competitive sports, while becoming forms of

entertainment as they become appealing to an audience each time. What a group or

individual interprets as entertainment may be viewed as work by others.

Today, films have become a major source of entertainment with some films like
documentaries having other purposes besides just entertainment as they aim to create
a record or inform. According
Michael Paris, The First World War and popular
to

Cinema, the film became a global business from its inception. In 1908, Pathe
launched and distributed newsreels and by World War I films were an meeting
enormous need for mass entertainment. Film from the beginning became part of the
entertainment industry as the techniques used in film improved and continually
delighted and entertained audiences.

These significant figures in film history include George Eastman, of Eastman Kodak
fame, one of the creators of the film, the Lumière brothers in 1895 who developed a

practical movie camera, Thomas Edison who projected film and built an early studio,
Fadweard Muybridge who in 1877 used a series of still cameras to take photos

fractions of a second apart and Louis Le Prince who created Roundhay Garden Scene,

movie from 1888 that survives to this day.

a two-second
6. The ethics of collecting and using watch data

& Public Policy article "The Ethics

The New York University Journal of Legislation
Ari Ezra Waldman explores the
ofOnline and Behavioural Advertising" by
Tracking
firms have a duty to
The author contends that
moral ramifications of these practises.
of information
techniques and that the gathering
be open about their data collecting
behaviour poses severe privacy concerns. Additionally, he
about people's online
consent and makes the case for people's right
underlines the significance of informed
The author also takes issue with the
to own data and decide how it is used.
their own

that it falls short of

online tracking is now regulated, claiming
way in which
recommends that terms of service and
ights to privacy. He
protecting people's
privacy rules be revised in straightforward language.

machine learning is covered

A technique for creating personalised suggestions using
in the article "Automating the development
of personalised recommendations:
J. Mobasher, B. Rao, and J. A.
leaming user profiles from user behaviours" by
user actions, such as clicking on
Konstan. The authors suggest a system that analyses

to create profiles. The algorithm then

goods, rating them, or making purchases, user

makes recommendations that are customised for each user based on these profiles.

The authors demonstrate that their approach beats conventional recommendation

actual data. They also address the approach's various

systems by evaluating it on

shortcomings and offer ideas for future research. Overall, the article makes a

significant contribution to the field of tailored recommendations and shows how the

suggestion process could be automated.

The article "The Ethics of Data Collection and Use in the Online Advertising

Industry" by Aleksandra Korolova, published in the Berkeley Technology Law

Journal, discusses the ethical implications of data collection and use in the online
advertising industry. The author argues that the collection and use of personal data by

raises serious privacy concerns and that companies have a

online advertisers
about their data collection practices. She also
resnonsibility to be transparent
respo
for discrimination and other negative consequences that can
diecuSses the potential
online advertising
the use of personal data in
result from
 individual and
. rotential effects of overconsumption of media towards

social well-being

health as it often
Digital media overconsumption can lead to decreased physical
of time can lead
results in a stagnant unhealthy lifestyle. Sitting for extended periods
obesity, heart
to poor posture, eye strain, and a range of health problems such as

devices
disease, and decreased mobility. In addition, the blue light emitted by
can

the natural sleep-wake cycle, leading to insomnia and other sleep-related

disrupt
problems.

mental health.
Overconsumption of media can also have a negative impact on

excessive amounts of time comparing oneself to others on social media can

Spending
lead to feelings of low self-esteem and depression. The constant exposure to negative

news and information can also lead to anxiety and stress. Furthermore, media

addiction can lead to problems such as neglect of personal relationships and

responsibilities, as well as decreased productivity.

Excessive media consumption can lead to increased social isolation, as individuals

spend more time alone with their devices and less time interacting with others in
person. This can lead to feelings of loneliness and disconnection, as well as decreased

opportunities for meaningful social interaction and relationship building In

conclusion, excessive media consumption can have negative impacts on our social

lives, leading to increased social isolation, loneliness, and decreased opportunities for
meaningful relationships. It's important to strike a balance by setting boundaries.

time, and making a conscious etfort to engage in face-to-face

limiting screen

interactions with others. By being mindful of our media consumption and actively
working to maintain a healthy balance, we can improve our social well-being and

others.
our relationships with
strengthen
8. Viewer Groups

known TOr
are
and twenties,
teens
uger generations, particularly those in their Teature
to shows that
neir lovee of social media and reality Tv, This group is drawn
the Kardashians a
drama, contlict, and real-life situations, such "Keeping Up with
as
an
Kardashian-Jenner clan give
Snow about the high-profile celebrity members of the
and
reveal various secrets
related to their families
msight into their personal lives and
connected
Their choice in entertainment also shows their desire to stay
Telationships.
are often seeking escapism
and intomed about popular culture. Additionally, they

and a break from the pressures of daily life, which reality TV provides.

Middle-aged adults often have more demanding schedules and responsibilities,

it harder for them to find the time to watch TV or use OTT services.
making
of comfort and
However, when they do, they tend to prefer shows that provide a sense

familiarity. This is why they are often drawn to classic sitcoms, such as "Friends" or

The Big Bang Theory," as well as crime dramas like "Law and Order." These shows
provide a sense of stability and routine, and offer an escape from the stress and
unpredictability of real life. Comparable to one aspect of the younger generation.

Older generations, such as boomers (1946 to 1964) and the silent generation (1928 to
1945). often have different viewing habits than their younger counterparts as well.
They tend to prefer classic movies and TV shows, as well as news programs and talk

shows. This is often due t0 a sense of nostalgia and a desire to relive memories of

their youth. Older generations may also be more likely to watch religious
programming or historical documentaries, rerlecting their interests
in histor
snirituality, and tradition. Their cnO1Ce in entertainment also shows their desire to.
in retirement.
continue learning and growing,
even
 REFERENCES:
Bond.R M, & Wang. Y. (2012). The Influence of Recommender Systems on Sales:
A Field
Experiment. ACM Transactions on Management Information systems, S(3)
Article 18.

2. Kennedy, J. (2019). How Online Recommendation Algorithms Shape Our Taste: A

Philosophical Critique. Journal ofBusiness Ethics, 154(3), 463-477
Bhowmick, S. S.,& Ghosh, S. (2015). Online Recommender Systems and Privacy
Concerns. Journal of Privacy and Confidentiality, 6(1), 1-26.

4. Waldman, A. E. (2012). The Ethics of Online Tracking and Behavioural Advertising.

New York University Journal of Legislation & Public Policy, 15(2), 429-474.

5. J. Mobasher, B. Rao, and J. A. Konstan,

"Automating the generation of personalized
recommendations: learning user profiles from user actions," in Proceedings of the 5Sth
international conference on Electronic commerce,
pp. 167-176, ACM, 2003.
6. Korolova, A. (2013). The Ethics of Data Collection and Use in the
Online Advertising
Industry. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 28(1), 139-183
7. Andreas H. Jansson and Thomas Karlsson
Use of Different Types of Television (2010), The Big Five Personality Traits and
Programs
8. Christina Ergulec and Mehmet Bilgin (2015), The Relationship between
Traits and Internet Uses: A Study of User Motivations Personality

9. James E. Russo and Mark A. Hicks (2002), Personality and the Prediction of Media
Preferences

10. Mokhtar Elareshi, Mohammed Habes,

A. Salloum, Factors affecting social TV
Khalaf Al-Tahat, Abdulkrim Ziani, Said
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https://www.academia.edu
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evolution-of-film-and-television/

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Traits and Intermet Uses: A Study of User Motivations

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the Prediction of Media
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Show as a Type of Media Discourse (A Study ofthe Reality

21. Lesya Ikalyuk, Reality
The Kardashians")
Show "Keeping Up With

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22. Raghavi Bohra, Impact

23. Beverley Searle,

Millennials, Gen X, Gen Z, baby boomers: how generation labels
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Connectedness, ExCessive Screen Time During COVID-19 and

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Mental Health: A

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