Capnrae Vgemabucuae

Igtudubae Tasa Akae mae Eyakae

M`susue macak raeoia kgkgeub`

kgkgeub` tuoas stasg Igpgrawatae

M` susue ncgb <

XT@ _ABPWE@ (1==46464122)

(1==46464122)

VTNOTAK X]WM@ VTNJGX@

JAIWC]AX IGXGBA]AE KAXPATAIA]
WE@ZGTX@]AX KWXC@K @EMNEGX@A
4641

1
A. Inesgp
Inesgp Igdut
Igdutuba
ubae
e Masar Kaeus
Kaeus`a
`a
1. Mgj`e`
Mgj`e`s`
s` Ig
Igdut
dutuba
ubae
e Tasa
Tasa Akae
Akae mae
mae Eyakae
Eyakae
Igdutubae rasa akae mae eyakae kgrupaiae bac pget`eo uetui

m`hatat mar` pgrawatae pas`ge neincno` atau pac`at`j macak kgrgmaiae mae
kgeogcnca oglaca suc`t sgpgrt` rasa eygr` Y H@]A]@NE Cam41 Sc 1688 [.
Inchad
Inchadaa (1004
(1004,, macak
macak Vnttgr
Vnttgr & Vgrry,
Vgrry, 4667)
4667) kgeoue
kgeoueoia
oiapia
piae
e
ig
igey
eyak
akae
aeae
ae/r
/rasa
asa ey
eyak
akae
ae am
amac
acab
ab suat
suatu
u ig
igam
amaa
aae
e tg
tgca
cab
b tg
tgrp
rpge
geub
ub`e
`eya
ya
igdutu
igdutubae
bae masar
masar kaeus`
kaeus`aa ya`tu
ya`tu igdutu
igdutubae
bae aiae
aiae igtget
igtgetrak
rakae
ae (suatu
(suatu
ig
igpu
puas
asae
ae ya
yaeo
eo kge`
kge`eo
eoia
iati
tiae
ae pg
pgea
eakp
kp`c
`cae
ae sgbar
sgbar`-b
`-bar`
ar`),
), ig
igcg
cgoa
oaae
ae
(igdut
(igdutuba
ubae
e tgcab
tgcab tgrpge
tgrpgeub`
ub`),
), mae traesge
traesgemge
mge (igama
(igamaae
ae tgetae
tgetaeo
o sgsuatu
sgsuatu
yaeo kgcgd`b` kasacab atau eygr`).
Igdutubae rasa akae mae eyakae kgc`put` igdutubae igakaeae

ma
mae
e ig
igsgc
sgcak
akata
atae
e da
da`i
`i j`
j`s`
s`i
i (p
(pgr
grc`
c`em
emue
ueoa
oae
e ma
mar`
r` hg
hgmg
mgra
ra tu
tudu
dub)
b) ma
mae
e
ps`incno`s (igogc`sabae, igakaeae mae stad`c`tas) sgrta igdutubae aiae
tgkpat t`eooac mae dgdas mar` dabayaY H@]A]@NE @eg46 Sc 1688 [.
Xgt`ap `em`v`mu kgkdutubiae rasa akae mae eyakae. Macak inetgis
igpgrawatae, pgrawat barus kgkpgrbat`iae mae kgkgeub` rasa akae mae
eyakae. Oaeoouae rasa akae mae eyakae yaeo m`acak` pas`ge m`atas`
ncgb pgrawat kgcacu` `etgrvges` igpgrawatae. Kge`eoiatiae igdutubae
rasa eyakae
eyakae m`art`
m`art`iae
iae pgrawa
pgrawatt tgcab
tgcab kgkdgr
kgkdgr`ia
`iae
e igiuat
igiuatae,
ae, barapa
barapae,
e,
b`durae,
b`durae, muiueoae
muiueoae,, mnrneoae,
mnrneoae, mae daetuae.
daetuae. Inem`s`
Inem`s` igt`maieya
igt`maieyakaeae
kaeae

yaeo pac`eo sgr`eo m`bamap` ncgb ic`ge amacab eygr` Y H@]A]@NE Adm12 Sc
1688 [.
4. Gt`ncno`
 Iuraeo
Iuraeo kgeone
kgeonetrn
trncc gkns`
gkns` yaeo
yaeo kgeygd
kgeygdadi
adiae
ae oaeoou
oaeoouae
ae rasa
eyakae t`kduc
 Vr
Vrnj
njgs
gs`` pg
pgig
igrla
rlaae
ae lu
luoa
oa ma
mapa
patt kgkp
kgkpge
geoa
oaru
rub`
b` oa
oaeo
eoou
ouae
ae ra
rasa
sa
ey
eyak
akae.
ae. hn
hnet
etnb
nbey
eyaa `d
`du
u ru
ruka
kab
b ta
taeo
eooa
oa,, ba
bacc `e
`e`` ig
igku
kueo
eoi`
i`ea
eae
e
m`iargeaiae
m`iargeaiae `du rukab taeooa kgk`c`i` waitu yaeo cgd`b sgm`i`t
sgm`i`t
uetui dgr`st`rabat mae kgeogemac`iae rasa eyakae.

4
  ]`eoiat
]`eoiat pgem`m`ia
pgem`m`iae
e yaeo rgemab kgkpgeoaru
kgkpgeoarub`
b` oaeoouae
oaeoouae rasa
eyakae, kgk`c`i` t`eoiat pgem`m`iae sgincab masar igkueoi`eae
kgkpgeoaru
kgkpgeoarub`
b` pama t`eoiat
t`eoiat pgeogtabua
pgeogtabuae
e tgetaeo
tgetaeo pgeogemac
pgeogemac`ae
`ae

rasa eyakae.
 Jaitnr us`a luoa mapat kgkpgeoarub` igeyakaeae sgsgnraeo yaeo
dgrukur =:-:7 tabue, bac `e` igkueoi`eae m`iargeaiae pama us`a
tgrsgdut iuraeoeya t`eoiat igpgiaae tgrbamap igsgbatae, sgb`eooa
igt`mai igeyakaeae mapat tgrlam`Y H@]A]@NE Kar12 Sc 1688 [.

8. Kae`
Kae`jg
jgst
stas
as`` ic`e
ic`e`s
`s
Oglaca mae taema oaeoouae rasa eyakae (kuac) mapat m`dao` kgelam`
4 (mua) ya`tu sgdaoa` dgr`iut (VVE@, 461:)<

a. Ogla
Oglaca
ca ma
mae
e taem
taemaa kay
kaynr
nr<<
Mata sudlgit`j<
1) Kgeogcub t`mai eyakae
4) Kgeogcub kuac
8) Kgeogcub `eo`e kuetab
=) ]`mai dgrk`eat kaiae
Mata ndlgit`j< (t`mai tgrsgm`a)
d. Oglaca mae taema k`enr
Mata sudlgit`j<

1) Kgrasa asak m` kucut

kucut
4) Xgesas` paeas/m`eo`e
8) Xgr`eo kgegcae
Mata ndlgit`j<
1) Xac`va kge`eoiat
4) Vuhat
8) M`apbnrgs`s
=) ]ai`iarm`
7) Vup`c m`catas`

8
=. Jaitnr-jait
Jaitnr-jaitnr
nr yaeo
yaeo Kgkpgeoa
Kgkpgeoarub`
rub` Igakae
Igakaeae
ae mae Igeyakaeae
Igeyakaeae
a. Gkns
Gkns`` Ighg
Ighgka
kasa
sae,
e, mgpr
mgprgs
gs`,
`, mae
mae kara
karab
b ai
aiae
ae kuma
kumab
b tg
tgrl
rlam
am`` ma
mae
e
kgkpgeoarub` igakaeae mae igeyakaeae.

d. Xtatus knd`c`sas` Igtgrdatasae ait`v`tas, parac`s`s, igcgkabae ntnt, mae

igsamarae kgeurue kgkumabiae tgrlam`eya r`s`in `elury.
h. Oae
aeo
oou
ouae
ae pgr
grsg
sgp
ps` sg
sges
esnr
nry
y Kgk
Kgkpg
pge
eoaru
oarub
b` am
amap
apta
tas`
s` tg
tgrb
rbam
amap
ap
raeo
raeosae
saeoa
oae
e ya
yaeo
eo dg
dgrd
rdab
abay
ayaa sgpgrt
sgpgrt`` oa
oaeo
eoou
ouae
ae pg
pgeh
eh`u
`uka
kae
e ma
mae
e
pgeoc`batae.
m. Igamaae
Igamaae `kue`tas
`kue`tas Oaeoouae
Oaeoouae `e` aiae
aiae kge`kduc
kge`kduciae
iae maya
maya tabae tudub
tudub
iuraeo sgb`eooa kumab tgrsgraeo pgeyai`t.
g. ]`eoiat
]`eoiat igsamarae
igsamarae Vama pas`ge inka,
inka, rgspnes
rgspnes aiae
aiae kgeurue
kgeurue tgrbamap
tgrbamap
raeosaeoae, parac`s`s, m`snr`getas`, mae iuraeo t`mur.

j. @ejnrk
@ejnrkas`
as` atau inkue
inkue`ia
`ias`
s` Oaeoouae
Oaeoouae inkue
inkue`ia
`ias`
s` sgpgrt`
sgpgrt` apbas`a
apbas`a atau
t`mai mapat kgkdaha mapat kge`kduciae ighgcaiaae.
o. Oaeo
Oaeoou
ouae
ae t`eo
t`eoia
iatt pgeo
pgeogt
gtab
abua
uae
e ig
igsa
sama
mara
rae
e ai
aiae
ae tg
tgrl
rlam
am`` oa
oaeo
eoou
ouae
ae
igsgcakatae mae igakaeae mapat m`prgm`is` sgdgcukeya.
b. Vgeo
geoou
ouea
eaae
ae aet`
aet`d`
d`n
nt`i
t`i yaeo
aeo t`m
t`mai ra
ras`
s`n
nea
eacc Aet
et`d
`d`n
`nt`
t`i
i map
apat
at
kge`kduciae rgs`stge mae aeaj`cait`i syni.
`. Xtatus
Xtatus eutr`s
eutr`s`` Igamaae
Igamaae iuraeo
iuraeo eutr`
eutr`s`
s` mapat
mapat kge`kduc
kge`kduciae
iae igcgka
igcgkabae
bae
ma
mae
e kuma
kumab
b kge`
kge`kd
kduc
ucia
iae
e pg
pgey
eyai
ai`t
`t,, mg
mgk`
k`i`
i`ae
ae sg
sgda
dac`
c`ie
ieya
ya ma
mapa
patt
dgr`s`in tgrbamap pgeyai`t tgrtgetu.

l. Ws`a Vgkdgmaae pgrigkdaeoae yaeo m`tgkuiae m`aetara igcnkpni

us`a aeai-aeai mae caes`a kgkpgeoarub` rgais` tgrbamap eygr`.
i. Lg
Lge`
e`ss ig
igca
cak`
k`e
e Xghar
Xgharaa ukuk
ukuk pr`a mae wae`
wae`ta
ta t`ma
t`mai
i dg
dgrd
rdgm
gmaa sghar
sgharaa
dgrkaiea macak kgrgspne eygr` mae t`eoiat
t`eoiat igeyakaeaeeya.
c. Igdu
Igduma
maya
yaae
ae Igya
Igyai`
i`ea
eae
e ma
mae
e e`ca
e`ca`-e
`-e`c
`ca`
a` ig
igdu
duma
maya
yaae
ae kgkp
kgkpge
geoa
oaru
rub`
b`
haraa `em`v`
har `em`v`mu
mu kgeoat
kgeoatas`
as` eygr`
eygr` mae t`eoia
t`eoiatt igeyak
igeyakae
ae yaeo
yaeo kgrgia
kgrgia
pueya`.

Lge`s
Lge`s masar
masar r`s`in
r`s`in tgrbam
tgrbamap
ap igakae
igakaeae
ae ic`ge
ic`ge m` macak
macak c`eoiu
c`eoiueoa
eoae
e

pgcayaeae igsgbatae amacab latub, ighgcaiaae yaeo m`sgdadiae ncgb ic`ge,

=
 ig
ighg
hgca
caia
iaae
ae ya
yaeo
eo m`sgd
m`sgdad
adia
iae
e ncgb
ncgb pr
prns
nsgm
gmur
ur,, ma
mae
e ig
ighg
hgca
caia
iaae
ae ya
yaeo
eo
m`sgdadiae ncgb pgeooueaae acat.
a. La
Latu
tub
b La
Latu
tub
b kgru
kgrupa
paia
iae
e 06
06%
% lg
lge`
e`ss ig
ighg
hgca
caiaa
iaae
e ya
yaeo
eo m`
m`ca
capn
pnri
riae
ae ma
mar`
r`

sgcurub
sgcurub ighgcai
ighgcaiaae
aae yaeo
yaeo tgrlam
tgrlam`` m` rukab
rukab sai`t.
sai`t. T`s`in
T`s`in lat
latub
ub cgd`b
cgd`b
dgsar m`acak` ncgb ic`ge caes`a.
d. Igdutubae j`s`ncno`s yaeo tgrm`r` mar` igdutubae tgrbamap nis`oge
aiae kgkpgeoarub` igakaeae pas`ge. Eakue d`ca t`mai m`oueaiae
sghara dgear nis`oge luoa d`sa kge`kduciae igt`maiakaeae
h. Tukab
Tukab sai`t kgrupa
kgrupaiae
iae saraea
saraea pgcayae
pgcayaeae
ae pudc`i
pudc`i yaeo pget`e
pget`eo.
o. ]ata
pgehabayaae macak ruaeo rawat `eap mapat kgkpgeoarub`
igeyakaeae pas`ge sgcaka kgelacae` rawat `eap, m`sakp`eo `tu luoa
dgrpgeoarub dao` igcaeharae parakgm`s macak kgelacaeiae

ait`v`taseya uetui kgcayae` pas`ge

m. Ighgca
Ighgcaiaa
iaaee yaeo
yaeo m`sgdadia
m`sgdadiae
e ncgb prnmgsu
prnmgsurr tgrlam
tgrlam`` sgcaka
sgcaka tgrap`.
tgrap`. Bac
`e` kgc`put` igsacabae pgkdgr`ae kgm`ias` mae ha`rae. Vgrawat mapat
kgca
kgcais
isae
aeai
aiae
ae sg
sgsu
sua`
a` pr
prns
nsgm
gmur
ur ao
aoar
ar t`ma
t`mai
i tg
tgrla
rlam`
m` ig
ighg
hgcai
caiaae
aae
YH@]A]@NE Ias61 Sc 1688 [.

7. Vgeatacaisaeaae
a. Vgeatacaisae
Vgeatacaisaeaae
aae igpgrawatae
igpgrawatae
 Kne`tnr taema-taema v`tac

 Ial` amaeya `ejgis` atau pgramaeoae eygr`

 M`strais` mae alariae tgie`i rgcaisas`

 Inkprgs baeoat
d. Vgeatacaisaeaae Kgm`s
 Vgkdgr`ae ndat Aeacogt`i
Ndat
Ndat pg
pgrgm
rgmaa ey
eygr
gr`` taep
taepaa m`sg
m`sgrta
rta`` b`
b`ca
caeo
eoey
eyaa pg
pgra
rasaa
saae
e sg
sghar
haraa tn
tnta
tac.
c.
Xgsgnraeo yaeo kgeonesuks` aeacogt`i tgtap dgrama macak igamaae
samar.
 Vgkdgr`ae ndat AEX (Aet` `ejcakas` ene stgrn`m)

7
 Asp`r`e mae @duprnjge kgeouraeo` eygr` mgeoae hara dgigrla m` ulueo
sarajj pgr`jg
sara pgr`jgrr pama
pama magrab
magrab cuia
cuia mae kgeuru
kgeurueia
eiae
e t`eoia
t`eoiatt kgm`at
kgm`atnr
nr
`ejcakas` yaeo m`bas`ciae cuia.

D. Inesgp
Inesgp Aspg
Aspgi
i Cgoac
Cgoac Gt`i
Gt`i Igpgraw
Igpgrawatae
atae
1. Vgeogrt`ae
Aspgi cgoac mae gt`i igpgrawatae macak pgegc`t`ae m`tuluae uetui
kgc`em
kgc`emueo
ueo`` kartad
kartadat
at kaeus`
kaeus`aa sgdaoa
sgdaoa`` sudlgi
sudlgi macak
macak pgegc`
pgegc`t`ae
t`ae.. Gt`i
Gt`i
kgrupaiae sgduab dao`ae mar` j`cnsnj` yaeo kgeoul` pgrdgmaae aetara
dgear mae sacab. Mgeoae kaisum dabwa gt`i kgkpgcalar` igdgearae mar`
sgduab t`emaiae. Gt`i kgc`bat igd`asaae kaeus`a yaeo kgelam` igyai`eae
macak dgrpgr`caiu.

4. Vr`e
Vr`es`
s`p
p Gt`i
Gt`i Igp
Igpgr
graw
awat
atae
ae
Vr`es`p
Vr`es`p knrac macak gt`ia igpgrawatae
igpgrawatae pr`es`p
pr`es`p knrac kgkpueya`
kgkpueya`
pgrae yaeo pget`eo macak kgegetuiae pgr`caiu yaeo gt`s mae macak
pgkghabae kasacab gt`i. Vr`es`p knrac kgrupaiae staemar ukuk macak
kgcaiuiae sgsuatu sgb`eooa kgkdgetui suatu s`stgk gt`i. Vr`es`p knrac
dgrjueos` uetui kge`ca` sghara spgs`j`i apaiab suatu t`emaiae m`caraeo,
m`pgrcuiae atau m``l`eiae macak suatu igamaae.
Vr`es`p
Vr`es`p knrac yaeo sgr`eo m`oueaiae
m`oueaiae macak igpgrawatae
igpgrawatae ya`tu<
ya`tu<
Ntnenk`,
Ntnenk`, dgegj`h`gehg
dgegj`h`gehg,, lust`hg/igam
lust`hg/igam`cae,
`cae, vgrah`ty,
vgrah`ty, avn`m`eo
avn`m`eo i`cc`eo
i`cc`eo mae

j`mgc`ty (Lnbe Xtneg, 10209 Da`rm gt.ac, 1001).

a. Vr
Vr`e
`es`
s`p
p Ntnen
Ntnenk`
k` (Aut
(Autne
nenk
nky)y)
Vr
Vr`e
`es`
s`p
p `e`
`e` kgel
kgelgc
gcas
asia
iae
e dabw
dabwaa ic
ic`g
`ge
e m`
m`dg
dgr`
r` ig
igdg
dgda
dasa
sae
e ue
uetu
tui
i
kgegetuiae sgem`r` atau kgeoatur m`r` sgem`r` sgsua` mgeoae bai`iat
kaeus`a yaeo kgkpueya` baroa m`r` mae kartadat. Hnetnb iasuseya
amacab< Ic`ge dgrbai kgencai t`emaiae `evas`j yaeo m`caiuiae ncgb
pgrawat. Vgrawat t`mai dncgb kgkaisaiae igbgemai uetui
kgcaiuiaeeya atas pgrt`kdaeoae dabwa ic`ge kgk`c`i` bai ntnenk`
mae ntnr`tas dao` m`r`eya. Vgrawat dgrigwal`dae uetui kgkdgr`iae

pgelgcasae yaeo sglgcas-sglgcaseya dao` ic`ge macak dgrdaoa` rgehaea

:
 t`emai
t`emaiae
ae mar`
mar` sgo`
sgo` kaejaat
kaejaat  Gt`ia Igpgrawatae mae Igpgrawatae

Vrnjgs`nea
Vrnjgs`neacc  178 t`emaiae, uroges` msd sgb`eooa m`barapiae ic`ge
mapat kgeoakd`c igputusae dao` m`r`eya sgtgcab kgkpgrt`kdaeoiae

atas masar igsamarae mae pgkabakae.

d. Vr`es`p Igda`iae (Dgegj`h`gehg)
Vr`es`p `e` kgelgcasiae dabwa pgrawat kgcaiuiae yaeo tgrda`i dao`
ic`ge, t`mai kgruo`iae ic`ge, mae kgehgoab dabaya dao` ic`ge. Iasus
ya
yaeo
eo dg
dgrb
rbud
udue
ueoa
oae
e mg
mgeo
eoae
ae ba
bacc `e
`e`` sgpgr
sgpgrt`
t` ic
ic`g
`ge
e ya
yaeo
eo kgeo
kgeoac
acak
ak``
igcgkabae j`s`i sghara ukuk t`mai dncgb m`paisaiae uetui dgrlacae
ig ruaeo pgkgr`isaae. Xgda`ieya ic`ge m`mnrneo kgeooueaiae iurs`
rnma.
h. Vr
Vr`e
`es`
s`p
p Igam
Igam`c
`cae
ae (Lu
(Lust
st`hg
`hg))

Vr`es`p
Vr`es`p `e` kgelgcasiae
kgelgcasiae dabwa pgrawat dgrcaiu am`c pama sgt`ap ic`ge
sgsua` mgeoae igdutubaeeya. K`saceya pama saat pgrawat m`bamapiae
pama pas`ge tntac harg, kaia pgrawat barus kgkaem`iae mgeoae
prnsgmur yaeo saka taepa kgkdgma-dgmaiae ic`ge. ]gtap` igt`ia
pas`ge tgrsgdut sumab kakpu kaem` sgem`r` kaia pgrawat t`mai pgrcu
kgkaem`iaeeya cao`.
m. Vr`es`
Vr`es`p
p Iglulu
Iglulurae
rae (Zgrah`
(Zgrah`ty)
ty)
Vr
Vr`e
`es`
s`p
p `e
`e`` kgeg
kgegia
iaei
eiae
ae da
dabw
bwaa pg
pgra
rawa
watt ba
baru
russ kgeo
kgeoat
atai
aiae
ae ya
yaeo
eo
sgdgeareya mae t`mai kgkdnbneo` ic`ge. Igdgearae kgrupaiae masar

macak kgkd`ea budueoae sac`eo pgrhaya. Iasus yaeo dgrbudueoae

mgeo
geoae pr`
r`e
es`
s`p
p `e
`e`` sg
sgp
pgr
grt`
t` ic
ic`g
`ge
e yae
yaeo kge
kgemgr`
mgr`ta
taB@
B@Z/
Z/A@
A@MX
MX
kgeae
geaeya
yai
iae tget
tgetae
aeo
o m`ao
m`aoen
ensa
sa pge
pgeya
yai
i`tey
`teya.
a. Vgr
graw
awat
at pg
pgrc
rcu
u
kgkdgr`tabuiae apa amaeya kgsi`pue pgrawat tgtap
kgkpgrt
rt``kdaeoiae inem`s` igs`a
s`apae kgetac ic`ge uetui
m`dgr`tabuiae m`aoensaeya.
g. Vr`es`p
Vr`es`p kgehgoab
kgehgoab pgkdueub
pgkdueubae
ae (Avn`m`eo
(Avn`m`eo I`cc`eo)
I`cc`eo)
Vgrawatt kgeobaroa`
Vgrawa kgeobaroa` igb`mupae
igb`mupae kaeus`a
kaeus`a mgeoae
mgeoae t`mai kgkdueub.
kgkdueub.
Xukd
Xukdgr
gr pgrt
pgrt`k
`kda
daeo
eoae
ae amac
amacab
ab knra
knracc ao
aoak
aka/
a/ig
igpg
pgrh
rhay
ayaa
aae
e ma
mae
e

iuctur/en
iuctur/enrka-en
rka-enrka
rka tgrtgetu.
tgrtgetu. Hnetnb
Hnetnb iasus yaeo m`bamap`
m`bamap` pgrawat
pgrawat

?
 sgpgrt` igt`ia sgnraeo suak` kgeo`eo`eiae t`emaiae gutbaeas`a dao`
`s
`str
tr`e
`eya
ya atas
atas pg
pgrt`
rt`kd
kdae
aeoa
oae
e ig
igt`
t`am
amaae
aae d`
d`ay
ayaa sgkge
sgkgeta
tara
ra `str`
`str`ey
eyaa
m`yai`e`eya t`mai kueoi`e sgkdub, pgrawat pgrcu kgkpgrt`kdaeoiae

ue
uetu
tui
i t`ma
t`mai
i kgca
kgcaiu
iuia
iae
e t`em
t`emai
aiae
ae gu
gutb
tbae
aeas
as`a
`a at
atas
as pg
pgrt
rt`k
`kda
daeo
eoae
ae
iuctu
iuctur/e
r/enrk
nrkaa daeosa
daeosa @emneg
@emnegs`a
s`a yaeo
yaeo aoaka`
aoaka`ss mae dgr-Ig
dgr-Igtub
tubaea
aeae
e
Paeo
Paeo Kaba
Kaba Gsa,
Gsa, sgca`e
sgca`e masar
masar WW T@ kgkaeo
kgkaeo dgcuk ama tgetae
tgetaeo
o
cgoac`tas t`emaiae gutbaeas`a.
j. Vr
Vr`e
`es`
s`p
p Igs
Igsgt`
gt`aa
aae
e (J`m
(J`mgc
gc`t
`ty)
y)
Vr`es`p `e` kgegiaeiae pama igsgt`aae pgrawat pama ink`tkgeeya,
kgegpat`
kgegpat` lael`, kgey`kpae
kgey`kpae rabas`a,
rabas`a, har`eo tgrbamap ic`ge/igcua
ic`ge/igcuaroa.
roa.
Iasus
Iasus yaeo
yaeo sgr`eo
sgr`eo m`bama
m`bamap`
p` k`sace
k`saceya
ya pgrawat
pgrawat tgcab
tgcab kgeygp
kgeygpaia
aiat`
t`
dgrsaka ic`ge uetui kgemakp`eo` ic`ge pama saat t`emaiae VA kaia

pgrawat barus s`ap uetui kgkgeub`eya

kgkgeub`eya YH@]A]@NE Ias61 Sc 1688 [.
o. Vr`es`
Vr`es`p
p Hnej`m
Hnej`mgeh
geh`ac
`ac`ty
`ty (Igra
(Igrabas
bas`aae
`aae))
Vgrawatt aiae dgrpgoaeo tgoub macak pr`es`p
Vgrawa pr`es`p knrac gt`i igpgrawatae
igpgrawatae
ya
ya`t
`tu
u kgeo
kgeoba
baro
roa`
a` ap
apaa ya
yaeo
eo kgel
kgelam
am`` ig
igpu
putu
tusa
sae
e pa
pas`
s`ge
ge mg
mgeo
eoae
ae
kgelak`e
kgelak`e igrabas`aae
igrabas`aae sgoaca sgsuatu
sgsuatu yaeo tgcab m`pgrhayai
m`pgrhayaiae
ae pas`ge
igpamaeya ighuac` sg`z`e pas`ge.
b. Ahhnue
Ahhnuetad
tad`c`
`c`tad
tad`c`t
`c`ty
y (Aiueta
(Aiuetad`c
d`c`ta
`tas)
s)
Macak pgcayaeae igsgbatae pgtuoas macak bac `e` mnitgr mae pgrawat
t`mai dncgb kgkdgma-dgmaiae pas`ge mar` status sns`aceya.

2
H. Inesgp
Inesgp Asubae
Asubae Igpgraw
Igpgrawatae
atae
1. Vgeo
Vgeoi
ial`a
al`ae
e Igpgr
Igpgraw
awat
atae
ae
a. @mg
mget
et`t
`tas
as Ic`g
Ic`ge
e

1) Mata ukuk pas`ge kgc`put` < eaka, ukur, lge`s igcak`e, aoaka,
suiu,, pgem`m`ia
suiu pgem`m`iae,
e, pgigrlaae,
pgigrlaae, status pgriaw`eae,
pgriaw`eae, acakat, en.TK,
en.TK,
m`aoensa kgm`s, taeooac pgeoial`ae, taeooac kasui TX, Mcc..
4) @mget`tas pgeaeooueo lawad kgc`put` <
Eaka, ukur, pgigrlaae, acakat mae budueoae
budueoae mgeoae ic`ge.
d. T`
T`wa
waya
yatt Igsg
Igsgba
bata
tae
e
1) Igcubae utaka
Xgcaka
Xgcaka pgeouk
pgeoukpuc
pucae
ae r`waya
r`wayatt igsgba
igsgbatae
tae,, pgrawa
pgrawatt kgeaey
kgeaeyaia
aiae
e
igpama pas`ge tgetaeo taema mae oglaca yaeo m`acak` ncgb pas`ge.

Xgt`ap igcuba
Xgt`ap igcubaee barus
barus m`taey
m`taeyaia
aiae
e mgeoae
mgeoae mgta`c
mgta`c igpama
igpama pas`ge
pas`ge
m`sakp`eo
m`sak p`eo `tu m`pgrcuiae
m`pgrcuiae luoa pgeoial`ae
pgeoial`ae kgeogea` igcubae yaeo
m`sarasaiae kgc`put` caka t`kduceya.
4) T`wayat Vgeyai`t Xgiaraeo
Vama r`wayat pgeyai`t sgiaraeo, pgrawat kgeoial` apaiab oglaca
tgrlam` pama waitu yaeo tgrtgetu sala, sgpgrt` sgdgcuk atau sgsumab
kaiae, ataupue sgtgcab kgehgrea kaiaeae pgmas mae pgeo`r`tas`
mae sgtgcab
sgtgcab kgehgre
kgehgreaa ndat
ndat tgrtget
tgrtgetu
u atau sgtgcab
sgtgcab kgeoin
kgeoinesu
esuks`
ks`
acbnbnc.

8) T`wayat pgeyai`t mabucu

Wetui
Wetui kgeoia
kgeoial`
l` r`waya
r`wayatt pgeyai
pgeyai`t
`t mabucu
mabucu atau
atau r`waya
r`wayatt pgeyai
pgeyai`t
`t
sg
sgdg
dgcu
cuke
keya
ya,, pgra
pgrawa
watt baru
baruss kgeo
kgeoia
ial`
l` ap
apai
aiab
ab og
ogla
laca
ca ya
yaeo
eo
dgrbudueoae mgeoae aes`gtas, strgss, acgro`, kaiae atau k`euk
tgrcacu daeyai, atau kaiae tgrcacu hgpat. Xgca`e `tu pgrawat luoa
barus kgeoial` amaiab r`wayat pgeyai`t cakdueo sgdgcukeya atau
pgkdgmabae cakdueo
=) T`wayat igsgbatae igcuaroa
Maca
Macak
k r`wa
r`waya
yatt ig
igsgb
sgbat
atae
ae ig
igcu
cuar
aroa
oa pg
pgraw
rawat
at kgeo
kgeoia
ial`
l` r`wa
r`waya
yatt

ig
igcu
cuar
aroa
oa ya
yaeo
eo kgeo
kgeoin
ines
esuk
uks`
s` ac
acin
inbn
bnc,
c, kgeo
kgeo`m
`map
ap oa
oastr
str`t
`t`s
`s,,

0
 igcgd`bae m`gt, sgrta m`gt sgkdaraeoae. Xgca`e `tu pgrawata luoa
kaeaeyaiae tgetaeo pgeyai`t yaeo pgreab m`acak` ncgb igcuaroa.

h. Vnca b`mup
1) Vnca Vgrsgps`
Igsg
Igsgba
bata
tae
e pgrs
pgrsgp
gps`
s` tgrb
tgrbam
amap
ap am
amae
aeya
ya ar
art`
t` igsg
igsgba
bata
tae,
e,
pgeatacaisaeaae igsgbatae sgrta pgeoatabuae tgetaeo praitgi
igsgbatae.
4) Vnca eutr`s`
Kgeo`mget`
Kgeo`mget`j`ias`
j`ias` kasuiae
kasuiae eutr`s`
eutr`s` macak tudub, dacaehg
dacaehg ha`rae
sgrta gcgitrnc`t. Vgeoial`ae kgc`put`< eajsu kaiae, pnca kaiae,
m`gt, igsuc`tae kgegcae, kuac, kuetab, igdutubae lukcab zat o`z`.

8) Vnca gc`k`eas`
Kgelgcasiae tgetaeo pnca jueos` gisirgs` sgrta iaemueo ige`b
ma
mae
e iu
iuc`
c`t.
t. Vgeo
Vgeoia
ial`
l`ae
ae ya
yaeo
eo m`
m`ca
caiu
iuia
iae
e kgc`
kgc`pu
put`
t`<< ig
igd`
d`as
asaae
aae
mg
mgmm
mmgi
gias`
as`,, am
amaa t`ma
t`maie
ieya
ya kasac
kasacab
ab mg
mgjgi
jgias`
as`,, kasac
kasacab
ab k`is
k`is``
(nc`ou
(nc`our`a
r`a,, m`sur`
m`sur`),
), jrgiuge
jrgiuges`
s` mgjgia
mgjgias`
s` mae k`is`.
k`is`. Iar
Iarait
aitgr`s
gr`st`i
t`i
ur`eg mae jgsgs, pnca `eput ha`rae, kasacab dau damae.
=) Vnca cat`bae-ait`v`tas
Kgeo
Kgeooa
oakd
kdar
aria
iae
e tget
tgetae
aeo
o pn
pnca
ca ca
cat`
t`ba
bae,
e, ai
ait`
t`v`
v`ta
tas,
s, ju
juko
kos`
s`
pgreapasae. Vget`eoeya cat`bae atau ograi macak igamaae sgbat

kaupue sai`t, ograi tudub mae igsgbatae dgrbudueoae mgeoae

satu saka ca`e. Igkakpuae ic`ge macak kgeata m`r`eya sgem`r`
apad`c
apad`caa t`eoia
t`eoiatt igkakp
igkakpuae
uaeeya
eya<< 10 6< kaem`r
kaem`r`,
`, 1< mgeoae
mgeoae acat
acat
daetu, 4< m`daetu nraeo ca`e, 8< m`daetu nraeo ca`e mae acat, =<
tgroae
tgroaetue
tueo
o macak
macak kgcaiu
kgcaiuiae
iae AMC,
AMC, igiuat
igiuatae
ae ntnt
ntnt mae TNK,
TNK,
r`wayat pgeyai`t laetueo, jrgiuges`, `raka mae igmacakae eapas,
duey` eapas, r`wayat pgeyai`t paru.
7) Vnca inoe`t`j pgrsgptuac
Kgelgc
Kgelgcasi
asiae
ae tgetae
tgetaeo
o pgrsgp
pgrsgps`
s` sgemnr
sgemnr`` mae inoe`t
inoe`t`j.
`j. Vnca
Vnca `e`

kgc`put`
kgc`put` pgeoial`ae
pgeoial`ae jueos`
jueos` pgeoc`batae
pgeoc`batae,, pgemgeoara
pgemgeoarae,
e, pgrasaae,
pgrasaae,

16
 pgkdau mae inkpgesas`eya tgrbamap tudub. Mae pnca inoe`t`j
kgkuat igkakpuae maya `eoat ic`ge tgrbamap pgr`st`wa pgr`st`wa
yaeo tgcab caka atau daru tgrlam`.

:) Vnca `st`rabat mae t`mur

Kgeooakdariae pnca t`mur sgrta `st`rabat pas`ge. Vgeoial`ae yaeo
m`caiu
m`caiuiae
iae pama pnca
pnca `e` kgc`put`<
kgc`put`< lak t`mur
t`mur s`aeo
s`aeo mae kacak
pas`ge, kasacab sgcaka t`mur, `esnke`a atau k`kp` urui,
pgeooueaae ndat sgrta kgeoacub cgt`b.
?) Vnca inesgp m`r`-pgrsgps` m`r`
Kgeooakdariae s`iap tgetae m`r` sgem`r` sgrta pgrsgps` tgrbamap
ig
igka
kakp
kpua
uae
e m`r`
m`r` sgem`
sgem`r`
r` ma
mae
e ig
igka
kakp
kpua
uae
e in
ines
esgp
gp m`
m`r`
r` ya
yaeo
eo
kgc`put`< oakdarae m`r`, baroa m`r`, pgrae, `mget`tas mae `mg m`r`

sgem`r`.
2) Vnca pgrae mae budueoae
Kgeooakdariae sgrta kgeoatabu` budueoae pas`ge sgrta pgrae
pas`ge tgrbamap aeoonta igcuaroa sgrta mgeoae kasyaraiat yaeo
dgrama macak c`eoiueoae sgi`tar tgkpat t`eooaceya.
0) Vnca rgprnmuis` atau sgisuac
Kgeooakdariae tgetaeo igpuasae yaeo m`rasaiae atau kasacab
yaeo
yaeo m`rasai
m`rasaiae
ae mgeoae
mgeoae sgisua
sgisuac`t
c`tas.
as. Xgca`e
Xgca`e `tu m`caiu
m`caiuiae
iae luoa
luoa
pgeoial`ae yaeo kgc`put`< makpai sai`t tgrbamap sgisuac`tas,

r`wayatt ba`m,
r`waya ba`m, pgkgr`
pgkgr`isa
isaae
ae payuma
payumara
ra sgem`r
sgem`r`,
`, r`waya
r`wayatt pgeyai
pgeyai`t
`t
budueoae sgis, sgrta pgkgr`isaae ogegtac`a.
16) Vnca igyai`eae mae e`ca`
Kgeooakdariae tgetaeo pnca e`ca` mae igyai`eae yaeo
m`aeut
m`aeut.. Kgegra
Kgegraeoi
eoiae
ae s`iap
s`iap sgrta
sgrta igyai`
igyai`eae
eae yaeo
yaeo m`aeau
m`aeautt ncgb
ncgb
ic`ge macak kgcaisaeaiae aoaka atau igpgrhayaae yaeo m`aeut.
11) Vgeoial`ae ps`insns`ac
Vgrudabae `etgor`tas gon yaeo m`tgkuiae pama ic`ge amacab
ic`ge kgeyaeoiac, taiut kat`, pgrasaae alac sumab mgiat, karab

pama pgeyai`t/pgrawatae yaeo tai pgrcu, iuat`r tgetaeo igcuaroa,

11
 pgigrlaae,mae iguaeoae. Inem`s` `e` m`taema` mgeoae s`iap
kgencai, kgeyaeoiac, hgkas, iuraeo inetai kata, ogc`sab, karab,
pgr`caiu kgeygraeo, mae jnius pama
pama m`r` sgem`r`.

@e
@etg
tgra
rais
is`` sns`
sns`ac
ac m`ia
m`ial`
l` tg
tgrb
rbam
amap
ap am
amae
aeya
ya strg
strgss
ss ia
iarg
rgea
ea
igcuaroa, pgigrlaae, igsuc`tae d`aya ginenk` mae igsuc`tae inp`eo
mgeoae srgsnr yaeo ama, igogc`sabae mae ighgkasae tgrlam` ai`dat
oaeoouae nis`ogeas` lar`eoae,strgss ai`dat igsai`tae dgreapas mae
pgeogtabuae dabwa laetueo t`mai dgrjueos` mgeoae da`i.
Vgeurueae cgd`b caelut mar` hurab laetueo mapat tgrlam` m`taema`
mgeoae amaeya igcubae `esnke`a atau takpai igd`eoueoae.

m. Vgkg
Vgkgr`
r`is
isaa
aae
e J`s`
J`s`i
i

Gisprgs` walab
1) Kgeut
Kgeutup
up kat
kataa rapat
rapat-ra
-rapa
patt
4) Kgkdu
Kgkduia
ia kata
kata cgda
cgdar-c
r-cgd
gdar
ar
8) Kgeoo
Kgeoo`o
`o`t
`t d`d`
d`d`rr m`daw
m`dawab
ab
Zgrdac
1) Kgeaeo`s
4) Dgtgr`ai
]aema-taema Z`tac
1) ]gi
]giae
aeae
ae mar
marab
ab

4) Eam`
8) Vgreajasa
sae
e
Gistrgk`tas
Akat` ograi tudub pas`ge uetui kgeoacnias` tgkpat atau rasa yaeo
t`mai eyakae.
4. M`ao
M`aoe
ens
ns`s
`s Igpg
Igpgra
raw
watae
atae
a. Eygr` irne`s
irne`s dgrbudue
dgrbudueoae
oae mgeoae
mgeoae aoge
aoge hgmgra
hgmgra d`ncno`s
d`ncno`s , j`s`i,
j`s`i, i`k`a.
i`k`a.
d. Eygr` dgrbudueoae mgeoae
mgeoae `ejcakas`
h. @etncg
@etncgrae
raes`
s` ait`v`t
ait`v`tas
as dgrb
dgrbudu
udueoa
eoae
e mgeoae
mgeoae eygr`
eygr`

m. Oaeoouae
Oaeoouae pnca t`mur dgrbudueo
dgrbudueoae
ae mgeoae
mgeoae eygr`

14
8. @etg
@etgrv
rvge
ges`
s` Igp
Igpgr
graw
awat
atae
ae
a. Ey
Eygr
gr`` aiu
aiutt
]uluae yaeo m`barapiae <

1) Amae
Amaeya
ya pge
pgeur
urue
ueae
ae `e
`etg
tges
es`t
`tas
as eyg
eygr`
r`

4) Igt`
Igt`ma
maie
ieay
ayak
akae
ae ai`d
ai`dat
at eygr
eygr`` dgriu
dgriura
raeo
eo

8) ]`mai
]`mai kgeue
kgeuelui
luiae
ae taema-t
taema-taem
aemaa j`s`i mae
mae pgr`ca
pgr`caiu
iu macak
macak eygr`
eygr` aiut
aiut

Tgehaea ]`emaiae <

@etgrvges` Tas`neac
Ial` Eygr` Kgeogtabu` magrab eygr`, iuac`tas,
iapae eygr` m`rasaiae, jaitnr

pgehgtus, mae dgrat r`eoaeeya eygr`

yaeo m`rasaiae.
Alariae tgie`i rgcaisas` igpama Wetu
Wetui
i kgeo
kgeoal
alari
ariae
ae pa
pas`g
s`ge
e ap
apad
ad`c
`caa
pas`ge eygr` t`kduc
Dgr`iae aeacogt`i sgsua` Wetui kgeouraeo` rasa eygr`
prnorak
Ndsgrvas` taema-taema v`tac Wetui kgeogtabu` igamaae ukuk
pas`ge

d. Eygr` irne`s
]uluae yaeo m`barapiae <
1) ]`mai
]`mai kgeog
kgeogisp
isprgs`
rgs`iae
iae eygr
eygr`` sghara
sghara vgrdac
vgrdac atau
atau pama
pama wala
walab
b
4) ]`ma
]`mai
i ama
ama pns`
pns`s`
s` tudu
tudub
b yaeo
yaeo kgc`
kgc`em
emue
ueo`
o`
8) ]`mai
]`mai ama igogc`
igogc`sab
sabae
ae atau igtgoa
igtgoaeoa
eoae
e ntnt
ntnt
=) ]`ma
]`mai
i igb`
igb`ca
caeo
eoae
ae eaj
eajsu
su kai
kaiae
ae
7) rgiuge
rgiuges`
s` eygr`
eygr` mae cakae
cakaeya
ya gp`snm
gp`snmgg eygr`
eygr` m`capnr
m`capnriae
iae kgege
kgegeoab
oab atau
atau
r`eoae

Tgehaea ]`emaiae <

@etgrvges` Tas`neac

18
 Ial` igamaae ukuk, We
Wetu
tui
i kge
kgeog
ogta
tabu
bu`` igama
gamaae
ae ukuk
ukuk
iaraitgr`st`i
iaraitgr`st`i eygr`,
eygr`, taema-taema
taema-taema pas`ge, kgeogtabu` magrab eygr`,
v`tac sgrta gjgi pgeooueaae ndat iuac`tas, iapae eygr` m`rasa
sai
iae,
laeoia paelaeo jaitnr
jaitnr pgehgtu
pgehgtus,d
s,dgra
gratt r`eoae
r`eoaeey
eyaa eygr`
eygr`
yaeo
yaeo m`rasai
m`rasaiae
ae sgrta
sgrta kgeogt
kgeogtabu
abu`` gjgi
pgeooueaae ndat sghara laeoia paelaeo.
Daetu pas`ge kgeo`mget`j
kgeo`mget`j`ias`
`ias` Wetui kgeogtabu` t`eoiat eygr` pas`ge
t`eoiat eygr`
Alar
Alaria
iae
e pnca
pnca `s
`st`
t`ra
raba
bat/
t/t`
t`mu
murr We
Wetu
tui
i kgeo
kgeour
urae
aeo`
o` rasa
rasa ey
eygr
gr`` sghara
sghara
yaeo amgiuat amgiuat
Inca
Incadn
dnra
ras`
s` pgkd
pgkdgr
gr`a
`ae
e ndat
ndat Wetui kgeouraeo` rasa eygr`
aeacogs`i

=. @kpcgkgetas`
@kpc
@kpcgk
gkge
geta
tas`
s` kgru
kgrupa
paia
iae
e su
suat
atu
u pr
prns
nsgs
gs ig
igpg
pgra
rawa
wata
tae
e yaeo
yaeo
m`caiuiae
m`caiuiae sgtgcab pgrgehaeaae
pgrgehaeaae igpgrawatae.
igpgrawatae. @kpcgkgetas`
@kpcgkgetas` igpgrawatae
igpgrawatae
am
amac
acab
ab caeo
caeoia
iab
b iggk
iggkp
pat mar
ar`` prn
rnsg
sgss ig
igp
pgr
graw
awat
atae
ae yae
aeo
o tg
tgca
cab
b
m`rgeh
m`rgehaea
aeaiae
iae ncgb
ncgb pgrawa
pgrawatt uetui
uetui kgkdae
kgkdaetu
tu pas`ge
pas`ge yaeo
yaeo dgrtul
dgrtuluae
uae
kgehgo
kgehgoab,
ab, kgeour
kgeouraeo
aeo`,
`, mae kgeob`
kgeob`cae
caeoia
oiae
e makpai
makpai ataupu
ataupue
e rgspne
rgspne
ya
yaeo
eo ma
mapa
patt m`t`
m`t`kd
kduc
ucia
iae
e ncgb
ncgb am
amae
aeya
ya kasac
kasacab
ab ig
igpg
pgra
rawa
wata
tae
e sgrta
sgrta
igsgbatae.
igsgbatae. @kpcgkgeta
@kpcgkgetas`
s` igpgrawatae
igpgrawatae kgkdutubia
kgkdutubiae
e jcgis`d`c`tas
jcgis`d`c`tas mae

irgat`v`tas pgrawat (Mgdnra, 4618).

7. Gvacuas`
Gvac
Gvacua
uas`
s` ig
igpg
pgraw
rawat
atae
ae kgru
kgrupa
paia
iae
e ta
taba
bap
p ig
igc`
c`ka
ka at
atau
au pr
prns
nsgs
gs
igpgrawatae
igpgrawatae tgraib`r
tgraib`r yaeo dgrupaya uetui kgkdaem`eoia
kgkdaem`eoiae
e t`emaiae
t`emaiae
yaeo
yaeo sumab
sumab m`caiu
m`caiuiae
iae mgeoae
mgeoae ir`tgr`
ir`tgr`aa bas`c
bas`c yaeo
yaeo sumab
sumab m`tget
m`tgetuia
uiae.
e.
Gvacua
Gvacuas`
s` igpgra
igpgrawat
watae
ae dgrtul
dgrtuluae
uae kgeget
kgegetuia
uiae
e apaiab
apaiab sgcuru
sgcurub
b prnsgs
prnsgs
igpgrawatae sumab dgrlacae mgeoae da`i mae t`emaiae dgrbas`c mgeoae
da`i (Mgdnra, 4618). Gvacuas` yaeo m`barapiae mapat m`hapa` pama pas`ge
oa
oast
str`t
r`t`s
`s ma
maca
cak
k pg
pgkg
kgeu
euba
bae
e ig
igdu
dutu
tuba
bae
e ra
rasa
sa ey
eyak
akae
ae am
amac
acab
ab ma
mapa
patt

1=
kgeone
kgeonetrn
trncc tgrbam
tgrbamap
ap amaeya
amaeya oglaca,
oglaca, kgeyat
kgeyataia
aiae
e rasa eyakae
eyakae,, t`mai
t`mai
amaeya kuac Y H@]A]@NE K`r12 Sc 1688 [.

17
1:
1?
 MAJ]AT VWX]AIA

bttp<//rgpns`tnry.pnctgiigsim`.ah.`m/:8=/1/Asubae%46Igpgrawatae%46Macak

%46Vgkgeubae%46Igdutubae%46Tasa%46Eyakae%46Vam.pmj

EAEMA @etgreas`neac @eh. 4617. M`aoens`s Igpgrawatae< Mgj`e`s` & Icas`j`ias`

Icas`j`ias`

4617-461?, Gm`s` 16.

16. Laiarta< GOH.

Igkgeigs. (461:) Asubae Igpgrawatae Tasa Akae mae Eyakae

Eurar`j A.B mae Iusuka, B. (461:) Asubae Igpgrawatae Vrait`s, Laiarta <
Kgm`hat`ne
]gtty, X. 4617. Iesgp mae Vgeatacaisaeaae Eygr`. Laiarta < GOH
Aema
Aemark
rkny
nyn,
n, Xuc`
Xuc`st
styn
yn.. 4618
4618.. Ine
Inesg
sgp
p ma
mae
e Vr
Vrns
nsgs
gs Igpg
Igpgra
rawa
wata
tae
e Eygr
Eygr`` .

Pnoyaiarta < Ar-Tuzz Kgm`a.

Azar`, A. A. (4612). M`ary nj eurs`eo. Lawa Darat< HZ Lglai.
Camgsv`ta, J., Xuh`ptn, W., C`seawat`, I., Xaet`, T. M., & Vrat`w`, H. L. (4641).
Asubae igpgrawatae Neincno` dgrmasariae ]gnr` Z`ro`e`a Bgemgrsne.
Pnoyaiarta< V] Eas Kgm`a Vustaia.
Kar`a, & @esaea. (4612). OAEOOWAE TAXA EPAKAE VAMA VAX@GE.
K`ra
K`rasa
sae
et`ia
t`ia.. (46
(4612
12).
). AXWBAE IGVGTA_A]AE
IGVGTA_A]AE MACAK VGKGEWBAE
IGDW]WBAE. Igeamar`.
Vatr`s`a, @. (4646). Asubae igpgrawatae pama igdutubae masar kaeus`a. Payasae

I`ta Kgeuc`s.
Tnskac
Tnskacawa
awat`,
t`, I. m. (461:)
(461:).. Igdutubae Masar 1. Laiarta sgcatae< Vusm`i XMK
Igsgbatae.

12