Cgpergn Zkn`gfucugn
GX[FGN MKZKTGRGPGN ZG@G ZGXOKN @KNBGN
@OGBNEXG AK@OX EXPKEA_KCOPOX 
EXPKEA_KCOPOX @O TX[@
@T. FGXGN XG@OMON DGN@[NB

[ntum akaknufo tubgs Zrgmtom Mkpkrgwgtgn Ak`omgc Dk`gf OOO

Zrebrga Xtu`o Xgrlgng Mkpkrgwgtgn

@eskn Zkadoadonb<
Togn`o Gcvon, X.Mkp., Nkrs., A.Mkp

Eckf
Gi`fgcun Nosg‟ 8:4:72::4

ZTEBTGA XP[@O XGTLGNG MKZKTGRGPGN

[NOYKTOXPGX ‖GOX_O_GF DGN@[NB
4:4:
 

EXPKEA_KCOPOX

G. Menskp
Menskp @gsg
@gsgrr Zknyg
Zknygmot
mot Estkeaykcotos
7. @kionoso Estkeaykcotos

Estkeaokcotos g`gcgf sugtu pknygmot onikmso ygnb tkrlg`o pg`g tucgnb. Onikmso
ygnb aknbkngo tucgnb ckdof sucot `oskadufmgn `gropg`g onikmso ygnb aknbkngo
 lgronbgn cungm mgrkng tkrdgtgsnyg gsupgn `grgf , rkspen lgronbgn tkrfg`gp
onicgagso, tonbbonyg tkmgngn lgronbgn, `gn pkadkntumgn tucgnb dgru `oskmkcoconb
 lgronbgn tucgnb agto (Drunnkr & Xu``grt,
Xu``grt, 4:::).
Estkeaokcotos g`gcgf onikmso gmut tucgnb ygnb `gpgt tkrlg`o mgrkng pknykdgrgn
onikmso `gro `grgf (estkeaokcotos fkagtebkn) gtgu, ygnb ckdof skronb sktkcgf
mentgaongso irgmtur tkrdumg gtgu rk`umso dk`gf (estkeaokcotos kmsebkn) (Herwon,
4::?).

4. Mcgs
cgsoiom
oiomgs
gsoo Estkeaykcotos
Mcgsoiomgso estkeaokcotos ygnb pgconb dgnygm `obungmgn `gcga cotkrgtur ak`os
`gn `gcga prgmtkm mconos `osglomgn eckf Rgc`vebkc `mm `gn Hokrny `mm. aknurut
suadkr onikmsonyg, estkeaokcotos `omcgsoiomgsomgn skdgbgo fkagtebkn lomg onikmso
 dkrgsgc `gro dgmtkrkaog `gn dkrskdkcgfgn lomg dkrgsgc `gro onikmso lgronbgn
tkr`kmgt.
tkr`kmgt. Pkr`gp
Pkr`gpgt
gt lubg mcgsoiomgs
mcgsoiomgsoo estke
estkeaokcoto
aokcotoss cgon tkrmgot
tkrmgot g`gnyg
g`gnyg onsui
onsuiosokn
osoknso
so
vgsmuckr dumgn `oskdutmgn eckf Rgc`vebkc kt gc tktgpo humup rkckvgn, ygotu
onikmso ygnb tkrlg`o `gro pknktrgso cgnbsunb aomreerbgnosak mk `gcga tucgnb
 dgom `gro hk`krg gtgu presk`ur pkadk`gfgn. Podog g`gcgf tkapgt ygnb pgconb
skron
skronbb tkro
tkroni
nikm
kmso
so pg`g
pg`g estk
estkea
eaok
okcot
cotos
os pgsh
pgshgg trgua
trguagg `gn
`gn `o
`omg
mgot
otmg
mgnn `knb
`knbgn
gn
aerdo`otgs ygnb humup dksgr (Tgwunb kt gc., 4:7?).
Mcgsoiomgso cgon ygnb uaua `obungmgn g`gcgf mcgsoiomgso Hokrny-Ag`kr `gro
Hokrny `mm. Mcgsoiomgso ono aknhgmup kapgt tgfgp gngteaos< Pgfgp 7, ak`uckr,
es
estke
tkeaok
aokcoto
cotoss tkr
tkrdgt
dgtgs
gs pg`
pg`gg ren
renbbg
bbg ak`
ak`uck
uckrr tucgnb
tucgnb== Xtg`ou
Xtg`oua
a 4, supkri
supkrioso
osogc,
gc,
es
estke
tkeaok
aokcoto
cotoss fgn
fgnyg
yg akc
akcodg
odgtmg
tmgnn tucgnb
tucgnb mertom
mertomgc
gc `gn dogsgn
dogsgnyg
yg dkrgsg
dkrgsgcc `gro
`gro
on
onem
emuc
ucgs
gsoo cgn
cgnbs
bsun
unbb gtgu
gtgu onikm
onikmso
so ie
iemu
muss ygnb
ygnb ak
aknu
nucg
cgr=
r= Xtg`
Xtg`ou
oua
a 8 `gn
`gn 0,
estkeaokcotos tkrcemgcosgso `gn `oius dogsgnyg akcodgtmgn tucgnb mertomgc `gn
ak`uckr. Zg`gfgc, lomg presks onikmso to`gm akcodgtmgn skcuruf `ogaktkr tucgnb,
 

tucgnb tkrskdut tktgp stgdoc. Zg`g estkeaokcotos `oius, skcuruf mktkdgcgn tucgnb
tkrc
tkrcod
odgt
gt ygnb
ygnb ak
akny
nykd
kdgd
gdmg
mgnn focg
focgnb
nbny
nygg st
stgd
gdoc
ocot
otgs
gs.. Xkcg
Xkcgon
on ot
otu,
u, so
sost
stka
ka on
onoo
aknbmcgsoiomgsomgn pgsokn estkeaokcotos skdgbgo fest G, D, gtgu H. Xkdugf fest
G to`gm akaocomo igmter meapreao sostkaom gtgu cemgc= fest D `opknbgrufo eckf

sgtu
sgtu gtgu
gtgu ckdo
ckdoff igm
igmte
terr ygnb
ygnb akad
akadgf
gfgy
gygm
gmgn
gn== `gn
`gn fest
fest H sgnb
sgnbgt
gt tk
tkrgn
rgnhga
hga
(Tgwunb kt gc., 4:7?).
Dkr`gsgrmgn cgagnyg onikmso, estkeaokcotos `gpgt `odgbo aknlg`o 8 gntgrg cgon<
g. Est
Estkea
keaokco
okcotos
tos gmut ygo
ygotu
tu estke
estkeaok
aokcot
cotos
os ygnb tkrlg
tkrlg`o
`o `gcga 4 aonbbu
aonbbu sklgm 
sklgm 
onikmso pkrtgag gtgu sklgm pknygmot pkn`gfucu toaduc. Estkeaokcotos gmut ono
 dogsgnyg tkrlg`o pg`g gngm-gngm `gro pg`g ergnb `kwgsg `gn dogsgnyg tkrlg`o
skdgbgo meapcomgso `gro onikmso `o `gcga `grgf. (estkeaokcotos fkagtebkn).
 d. Estkeaokcotos sud-gmut ygotu estke
estkeaokcotos
aokcotos ygnb tkrlg`o `gcga 7-4 ducgn sklgm 
onikmso pkrtgag gtgu sklgm pknygmot pkn`gfucu toaduc.

h. Estk
Estkeaeaok
okcot
cotos
os mren
mrenos
os _g
_got
otuu estk
estkea
eaokokcot
cotos
os ygnb
ygnb tk
tkrl
rlg`
g`oo `gcg
`gcga
a 4 ducg
ducgnn gt
gtgu
gu
ckdo
ckdoff sklg
sklgmm onik
onikms
msoo pkrt
pkrtga
gagg gtgu
gtgu sklg
sklgmm pkny
pknygm
gmot
ot pkn`
pkn`gf
gfuc
ucuu to
toad
aduc
uc..
Estkeaokcotos sud-gmut `gn mrenos dogsgnyg tkrlg`o pg`g ergnb `kwgsg `gn
 dogsgnyg tkrlg`o mgrkng g`g cumg gtgu trguag (estkeaokcotos mentgnboesg),
aosgcnyg estkeaokcotos ygnb tkrlg`o pg`g tucgnb ygnb irgmtur.
8. Ktoecebo Estkeaykcotos
Xtgpfycehehhus gurkus akrupgmgn pknykdgd 2:-6:% estkeaokcotos. Erbgnosak
 pgtebknom cgonnyg ygnb skronb `o luapgo ygotu pretkus, psku`eaengs, `gn
kshfkrohfog heco. Onikmso `gpgt tkrlg`o akcgcuo (Xurgtun `mm, 4::6)<

g. Zk
Zkny
nykd
kdgr
grgn
gn fkag
fkagte
tebk
bknn `gro
`gro ie
iemu
muss on
onik
ikms
msoo `o tk
tkap
apgt
gt cg
cgon
on<< te
tens
nsoc
oc ygnb
ygnb
tkronikmso, onikmso bobo, onikmso sgcurgn ngpgs dgbogn gtgs.
 d. Zknykdgrgn onikmso lgronbgn cungm< ucmus `kmudotus ygnb tkronikmso gtgu
ucmus vgsmucgr.
h. Ment
Mentgaong
gaongso
so cgnbs
cgnbsunb
unb `k
`knbgn
nbgn ttucgnb
ucgnb<< irgmtu
irgmturr tkrdu
tkrdumg,
mg, hk`krg
hk`krg trguagtom
trguagtom (cu
(cumg
mg
tkadgm, pkadk`gfgn tucgnb).
Igmter rosome ygnb `gpgt aknykdgdmgn estkeaokcotos gntgrg cgon (Xurgtun `mm,
4::6)<
g. Nut
utro
roso
so durum 
urum 

 d. Cgnsog
 

h. Mkbkaumgn
`. @ogd
@ogdkt
ktks
ks ak
akco
cous
us
k. Gr
Grtr
trot
otos
os rk
rkua
uagt
gtfo
fo``
i. Akn
Akn`gp
`gpgtm
gtmgn
gn tkrg
tkrgpo
po mer
mertom
tomest
estkre
kreo`
o` lgnbmg
lgnbmg pg
pgnlg
nlgnb
nb

b. Zkrngf
Zkrngf akn
aknlgc
lgcgno
gno ppkad
kadk`g
k`gfgn
fgn skn
skn`o
`o
f. Aknlgc
Aknlgcgno
gno epk
epkrgs
rgsoo etfe
etfepk`
pk`oo cgag
cgag
o. Aknbgc
Aknbgcgao
gao oni
onikms
kmsoo cu
cumg
mg yygnb
gnb akn
aknbkc
bkcugr
ugrmgn
mgn pus
 l. Aknbgcgao onikmso onsoso agrbongc/`kfoskns
agrbongc/`kfosknsoo cumg.
Dgmtkro akrupgmgn pknykdgd uaua estkeaokcotos gmut, ngaun vorus, lgaur, `gn
aomreerbgnosak cgon `gpgt dkrpkrgn pucg (Herwon, 4::?).
0. Agno
Agnoik
ikst
stgs
gsoo Mcon
Mconom
om Estkeaykcotos
Pgn`
Pgn`g-t
g-tgn
gn`g
`g onikm
onikmso
so gmut
gmut skpk
skpkrto
rto `kag
`kaga,
a, ck
ckmg
mgss agrgf
agrgf,, cksu,
cksu, `gn
`gn tgn`g
tgn`g
 pkrg`gnbgn cemgc `gpgt tkrlg`o pg`g gngm-gngm. Lgronbgn cungm
cungm ygnb aknykcoauto

tucg
tucgnb
nb ygnb
ygnb tkro
tkroni
nikm
kmso
so dogs
dogsgn
gnyg
yg to`g
to`gmm tk
tkrl
rlg`
g`oo pg`g
pg`g gngm
gngm-g
-gng
ngmm `knb
`knbgn
gn
estkeaokco
estk eaokcotos
tos fkagt
fkagtebkn
ebkn mgrkng kikmtovotgs rkspens tkrfg`gp onikms
onikmso.o. Xkhgrg
uaua,
uaua, pgs
pgsokn
okn aun
aunbmo
bmonn `gt
`gtgnb
gnb `knbgn
`knbgn rgsg
rgsg sgm
sgmot
ot `o tkapgt
tkapgt ygn
ygnbb tkrmkn
tkrmkng,
g,
 pkadknbmgmgn, krotkag, `gn `rgongsk. Estkeaokcotos fkagtebkn proakr gtgu
rkmu
rkmurkn
rkn pg`g
pg`g er
ergn
gnbb `kwg
`kwgsg
sg dogs
dogsgn
gnyg
yg akno
aknoad
aduc
ucmg
mgnn mkcu
mkcufg
fgnn sgag
sgagrr nykr
nykroo
nenspk
nenspksoi
soiom
om `gn `kaga
`kaga ron
ronbgn
bgn `gn mg`gnb
mg`gnb-mg
-mg`gn
`gnbb agnoik
agnoikstg
stgso
so mconos
mconos gmut
gmut
skpkrto pg`g gngm-gngm (Tgwunb kt gc., 4:7?).
Zg`gg es
Zg` estke
tkeaok
aokcoto
cotoss ygn
ygnbb dkr
dkr`km
`kmgtg
gtgn,
n, pgs
pgsokn
okn aun
aunbm
bmon
on `gt
`gtgnb
gnb `kn
`knbgn
bgn tgn
tgn`g
`g
 dgmtkrkaog skpkrto `kaga, aknbboboc, `gn mkronbgt agcga tkrutgag pg`g igsk

gmut. Nykro tucgnb `gn skn`o ygnb tkrcemgcosgso, `gn tgn`g pkrg`gnbgn `o skmotgr 
grkg ygnb tkronikmso lubg `gpgt aunhuc pg`g igsk gmut tktgpo to`gm pg`g igsk
mrenos. Igsk mrenos `gpgt dkrmkadgnb dgom `gro estkeaokcotos fkagtebkn gtgu
aknucgr. Mkrepes tucgnb cemgc, pkadkntumgn skqukstrua, `gn smckresos tucgnb
skronb tkrlg`o pg`g estkeaokcotos mrenos. Gdsks cemgc `gn gtgu onikmso lgronbgn
cungm gmut `gpgt aunhuc
aunhuc skdgb
skdgbgo
go tgn`g edstru
edstrumso
mso sgcurgn sonus (Tgwunb
(Tgwunb kt gc.,
4:7?).
;. Zgte
Zgteio
ioso
soec
eceb
eboo Estkeaykcotos
Estkeaokcotos aknhgmup spkmtrua ygnb cugs `gro akmgnosak pknygmot `knbgn

tobgg mgt
tob mgtkbe
kbero
ro ygn
ygnbb `ot
`otkro
kroag
ag skh
skhgrg
grg uau
uaua<
a< pknykd
pknykdgrgn
grgn fka
fkagte
gtebkn
bkn (akcgc
(akcgcuo
uo
 

`grgf), mentgaongso ygnb dkr`kmgtgn, `gn onikmso tkrmgot onsuiosoknso vgsmucgr 

gtguu nku
gtg nkurec
recebo
ebos.
s. Mgrg
Mgrgmtk
mtkros
rostom
tom `gr
`groo skt
sktogp
ogp mgtkbe
mgtkbero
ro `gpgt
`gpgt `oronb
`oronbmgs
mgs skd
skdgbg
gbgoo
 dkromut<
g. [tgag

Zknykdgrgn dgmtkro fkagtebkn tkrutgag akapknbgrufo aktgiosos pgsokn

smkcktgc oagtur gtgu dg`gn vkrtkdrgc pg`g skbgcg usog, aksmopun onikmso `o
cemgso cgon aunbmon tkrlg`o.
 d. Dkr`kmgtgn
Onikms
Onikmsoo dog
dogsgn
sgnyg
yg akn
aknykd
ykdgr
gr `gr
`groo tkapgt
tkapgt ygnb
ygnb tkrment
tkrmentgaon
gaongso
gso skronb
skronb
tkrcofgt `knbgn mentgaongso cgnbsunb dgmtkro pg`g irgmtur tkrdumg gtgu
epkrgso pknbbgntogn skn`o `knbgn oapcgn ertepk`o.
h. Onsu
Onsuiosokn
iosoknso
so vvgsmuc
gsmucgr
gr gtg
gtguu nk
nkurece
urecebos
bos tkrmgot
tkrmgot estkeaok
estkeaokcotos
cotos
Fgsoc `gro supcgo `grgf ygnb durum, cumg `ogdktks, mkfocgnbgn pkcon`unb

sknsgso `gn pkrtgfgngn mkmkdgcgn ygnb dkrudgf, dogsgnyg akapknbgrufo

kmstrkaotgs dgwgf.

Bgadgr 7. Mgrgmtkrostom Estkeaykcotos

Aksmopun skaug lknos erbgnosak, tkragsum dgmtkro, vorus, pgrgsot, `gn lgaur 
`gpgt
`gpgt aknykd
aknykdgdm
gdmgn
gn est
estkea
keaokc
okcoto
otos,
s, oni
onikms
kmsoo tucgnb
tucgnb dog
dogsgn
sgnyg
yg `os
`oskdg
kdgdmg
dmgnn eck
eckff
 dgmtkro poebknom `gn aomedgmtkro tkrtkntu. Xtgpfycehehhus gurkus (X. gurkus)
 

 dkrtgnbbunb lgwgd gtgs 6:% fonbbg ?:% mgsus estkeaokcotos poebknom,

skakntgrg Xtgpfycehehhus kpo`krao`os
kpo`krao`os (X. kp
kpo`krao`os)
o`krao`os) g`gcgf icerg mucot pgconb
akcoapgf ygnb tgapgmnyg `eaongn aknbonikmso pkrgnbmgt ak`os, tkragsum 
oapcgn pkrgnbmgt mkrgs ertepk`o `gn mgtktkr. Mktomg lgronbgn tucgnb tkronikmso,

 dgmtkro aknykdgdmgn rkgmso pkrg`gnbgn gmut. Dgmtkro `gn pkrg`gnbgn

akapknbgrufo pkroestkua `gn aknykdgr mk `gcga tucgnb ygnb aknykdgdmgn
nkmresos tucgnb. Zg`g gngm-gngm, pkroestkua akckmgt skhgrg cenbbgr mk mertkms,
akaunbmonmgn pkadkntumgn gdsks sudpkroestkgc ygnb humup dksgr `o skpgnlgnb
 pkraumggn tucgnb. Zknbgnbmgtgn pkroestkua skcgnlutnyg aknbbgnbbu supcgo
`grgf mk tucgnb ygnb tkrmkng aknykdgdmgn nkmresos tucgnb skbakntgc ygnb
`omkng
`omkngcc skdgbg
skdgbgoo skq
skquks
ukstru
trua.
a. Zg`g
Zg`g tgf
tgfgp
gp mre
mrenos
nos,, dgnygm
dgnygm skc onicga
onicgagso
gso `gn
 pkckpgsgn sotemonnyg akrgnbsgnb rkserpso tucgnb estkemcgstom, pkrtuadufgn
 lgronbgn iodresg, `gn pknbkn`gpgn
pknbkn`gpgn tucgnb dgru rkgmtoi `o ponbborgn. Mktomg tucgnb

ygnb dgru `osoapgn akadkntum skcenbsenb lgronbgn fo`up `o skmotgr skbakn

tucgnb tkronikmso ygnb aknbgcgao `kvotgcosgso, otu `omkngc skdgbgo onvecuhrua.
Zkhgfn
Zkhgfnyg
yg gds
gdsks
ks sud
sudpkr
pkroes
oestkg
tkgcc `gp
`gpgt
gt akn
aknykd
ykdgdm
gdmgn
gn gdsks
gdsks lgronb
lgronbgn
gn cungm
cungm `gn
gmfornyg akadkntum `rgongsk sonus (Tgwunb kt gc., 4:7?).
Zgtfwgy Estkeaykcotos
 

9. Zkak
Zkakro
roms
msgg
ggn
n @o
@ogb
gbne
nest
stom
om Estkeaykcotos
Zknkbgmmgn `ogbnesos estkeaokcotos fgrus aknyonbmormgn `gfucu mkaunbmongn
skptomkaog
skptomkaog,, dkn`g gsonb
gsonb,, pecoe
pecoeaokcot
aokcotos
os (lgrgnb
(lgrgnb),
), `kaga rkuag
rkuagtom,
tom, aoestesos
aoestesos
(onicgagso ete vecuntkr) `gn irgmtur tucgnb. Towgygt pknygmot, fgsoc pkakromsggn
iosom, `gn cgdergteroua ygnb akadgntu akagstomgn estkeaokcotos akcoputo<
g. Towgy
Towgygt
gt onikmso
onikmso pg`
pg`gg sgcur
sgcurgn
gn mka
mkaof,
of, sgc
sgcurgn
urgn nngpgs,
gpgs, tkconb gtgu mucot=
mucot= rowg
rowgygt
ygt
bobotgn fkwgn gtgu agnusog= gtgu trguag tkadus ygnb cgon
 d. Luacgf skc `grgf putof ygnb akapkrcofgtmgn ckumesotesos
h. Mkng
Mkngom
omgn
gn cglu
cglu kn`g
kn`gpp ``grg
grgff
`. Muctur
Muctur `grgf ygnb aknul
aknulummg
ummgnn aom
aomreerb
reerbgnosa
gnosakk pknykdgd
pknykdgd
k. Zka
Zkakrom
kromsgg
sggnn ATO untum
untum aka
akadk`
dk`gmgn
gmgn sua
suasua
sua tucgnb
tucgnb `gro lgronbg
lgronbgnn cungm 
(akau`gfmgn `ogbnesos)
i. Iet
Ietee rentb
rentbkn
kn (ygn
(ygnbb aunb
aunbmon
mon dgr
dgruu akapk
akapkrco
rcofgt
fgtmgn
mgn cks
cksoo pg`g tucgnb
tucgnb sksu`gf
sksu`gf
 pknygmot dkrlgcgn gmtoi skcgag `ug fonbbg tobg aonbbu)
aonbbu)
b. Zk
Zka
akr
krom
omsg
sggn
gn shgnnonb  tucgnb
 tucgnb untum akn`ktkmso onikmso ygnb `ono.
2. Zkng
Zkngtg
tgcg
cgms
msgn
gngg
ggn
n
 

Zkngtgcgmsgnggn estkeaokcotos akcoputo `kdro`kakn untum aknbentrec onikmso

`gn hgmupgn gntodoetom ygnb `ogrgfmgn muctur. Zknygmot ygnb akn`gsgro skpkrto
`ogdkt
`ogdktks
ks fgrus
fgrus ckd
ckdof
of `op
`opkrf
krfgto
gtomgn
mgn.. Eckf
Eckf mgrkng
mgrkng otu
otu,, upgyg
upgyg `ocgmu
`ocgmumgn
mgn untum 
untum 
aknonbmgtmgn stgtus bozo, ak`os, `gn vgsmucgr pgsokn, skrtg untum aknbedgto

 pknygmot ygnb akn`gsgro lomg akaunbmonmgn. Ono akadutufmgn pkn`kmgtgn toa

tkragsum gfco dk`gf pcgstom, spksogcos pknygmot aknucgr, `gn `emtkr cgonnyg.
Zkngnbgn estkeaokcotos gmut fgrus su`gf `oaucgo skdkcua pknkbgmmgn `ogbnesos
 pgsto `gn pkngnbgngn tkrskdut akcoputo<
akcoputo<
g. Zk
Zkny
nyun
unto
tomm
mmgn
gn gnto
gntodo
doet
etom
om OY `knb
`knbgn
gn `eso
`esoss to
tonb
nbbo
bo (y
(ygn
gnbb do
dogs
gsgn
gnyg
yg dkru
dkrupg
pg
 pknoson ygnb rksotkn tkrfg`gp knzoa pknosocongsk, skpkrto ngisocon ]NgihocQ
gtgu emsgsocon ]DghtehoccQ sksu`gf `ocgmumgn pkakromsggn muctur `grgf
 d. Pon`gmgn `rgongsk gwgc `knbgn pkadk`gfgn untum aknburgnbo tkmgngn `gn
 pkadkntumgn gdsks

h. Oae
Oaedoc
docosg
osgso
so dgbog
dgbognn tuduf ygn
ygnbb sgmot `kn
`knbgn
bgn bop
bops,
s, trgmso,
trgmso, gtgu
gtgu torgf dgronb
dgronb
untum aknhkbgf mkmgadufgn gtgu mkbgbgcgn pknykadufgn
`. Pon`gmgn
Pon`gmgn supertoi
supertoi,, skpkr
skpkrtoto pkadkrogn
pkadkrogn edg
edgtt gngcbk
gngcbktom
tom untu
untumm aknburgnbo
aknburgnbo nykro
nykro
`gn hgorgn onius untum akapkrtgfgnmgn stgtus fo`rgso
k. Ons
Onsoso
oso `gn `rgo
`rgongs
ngskk ygnb
ygnb `oo
`oomut
mutoo `kn
`knbgn
bgn pka
pkakro
kromsg
msggn
gn muctu
mucturr hgorgn
hgorgn `rgongs
`rgongskk
(lomg tkrdkntum gdsks gtgu sonus trghts)
Pkrgpo gntodoetom untum aknbentrec onikmso `gpgt akcoputo<
g. Zk
Zkad
adkr
krog
ognn gnto
gntodo
doet
etom
om sos
sostk
tkao
aom 
m 
 d. Pon`gmgn akagsummgn gntodoetom mk `gcga renbbg tucgnb aknbbungmgn

sostka orobgso tkrtutup ygnb mentonu `oskrtgo ton`gmgn pknbosgpgn ontkraotkn

ygnb to`gm tkrcgcu mugt
h. Orob
Orobgs
gsoo tkrd
tkrdgt
gtgs
gs `knb
`knbgn
gn sost
sostka
ka `rgo
`rgong
ngsk
sk `grg
`grgff ygnb
ygnb `o
`osk
skrt
rtgo
go to
ton`
n`gm
gmgn
gn
 pknbosgpgn (Fkaevgh)maprks `knbgn mgsg dgsgf ygnb aknbgn`unb
gntodoetom
Zkrgwgtgn estkeaokcotos mrenos `gpgt akcoputo
g. Zka
Zkadk`
dk`gfg
gfgnn ygn
ygnbb dog
dogsgn
sgnyg
yg `opkrc
`opkrcumg
umgnn untum
untum aknbgnb
aknbgnbmgt
mgt lgron
lgronbgn
bgn tucgnb
tucgnb
ygnb tkcgf agto `gn aknonbmgtmgn `rgongsk (prebnesos tktgp lkckm skmgcopun
su`gf `ocgmumgn pkadk`gfgn)

 d. Pkrgpo emsobkn fopkrdgrom untum aknstoaucgso akmgnosak oaun ygnb neragc
 

h. Zk
Zknnhgn
hgnbmem
bmemgn
gn muco
mucot,
t, tucg
tucgnb
nb,, `gn ete
tett untu
ntum ak
aknnbos
boso `kg
`kg` spghk  `gn
` spghk
aknonbmgtmgn pgsemgn `grgf
6. Gnto
Gntodo
doet
etom
om pg`
pg`g
g Zgso
Zgsokn
kn Estkeaykcotos
g. Pkome
Pkomepcgnon
pcgnon (P
(Pkohepc
kohepcgnon)
gnon) g`g
g`gcgf
cgf gntod
gntodoetom
oetom be
becenbg
cenbgnn bcome
bcomepkpto
pkpto`g,
`g, tkragsum 
tkragsum 

mkcgs agmreco`g ygnb akapunygo spkmtrua cugs, gmtoi tkrutgag tkrfg`gp

 dgmtkro brga pesotoi. tkomepcgnon (Pkohepcgnon) g`gcgf dgmtkroestgtom ygnb
 dkmkrlg `knbgn hgrg aknbfgadgt pkadkntumgn `on`onb skc dgmtkro.
Mkbunggn tkomepcgnon (Pkohepcgnon) g`gcgf untum aknbedgto onikmso ygnb
`oskdg
`oskdgdmg
dmgnn eck
eckff mua
muagn
gn ygn
ygnbb pkm
pkmgg tkr
tkrfg`
fg`gp
gp tkomepc
tkomepcgno
gnonn (Pkohe
(Pkohepcg
pcgnon
non))
tkrutgag ygnb `oskdgdmgn eckf dgmtkro brga pesotoi, tkragsum onmkmso eckf
Xtgpfycehehhus gurkus, strkptehehho,
strkptehehho, kntkrehehho, dghocco, `opftf
`opftfkreo`s
kreo`s `gn
Kntkrehehhus igkhgcos ygnb rksostkn tkrfg`gp gntodoetomg cgon.
 d. Hetroaexgzeck 06:ab tgdckt g`gcgf tgdckt gntodoetom meadongso troaktfeproa

6: ab `gn sucigaktfexgzeck 0:: ab. Edgt ono `obungmgn untum akngnbgno

onikmso ygnb `oskdgdmgn eckf dgmtkro, skpkrto drenmotos, etotos ak`og, `gn
onikmso sgcurgn mkaof. Xkcgon otu, metroaemsgzec lubg `gpgt `obungmgn untum 
akngnb
akngnbgno
gno `gn aknhkb
aknhkbgf
gf pnk
pnkuae
uaehys
hystos
tos hgronoo
hgronoo pnkua
pnkuaeno
enogg (ZHZ)
(ZHZ) pg`
pg`gg
 pgsokn `knbgn `gyg tgfgn tuduf turun, skpkrto pkn`krotg FOY/GO@X. Edgt ono
 dkmkrlg `knbgn aknbfkntomgn pkrtuadufgn
pkrtuadufgn dgmtkro `o `gcga tuduf.
h. Hkig
Hkigze
zeco
conn g`gcg
g`gcgff gnto
gntodo
doet
etom
om ygnb
ygnb `o
`obu
bung
ngmg
mgnn untu
untumm ak
akng
ngnb
nbgn
gnoo dkrgb
dkrgbga
ga
men`oso gmodgt onikmso dgmtkro. Xkcgon otu, edgt ono lubg `gpgt `obungmgn untum 
aknhkbgf onikmso dgmtkro pg`g skskergnb ygnb gmgn `gn tkcgf aknlgcgno

epkrgso.
?. Doe
oep
pso Puc
ucg
gnb
Doepso tucgnb g`gcgf presk`ur ygnb `ocgmumgn untum akn`ktkmso g`gnyg mgnmkr 
gtgu skc ygnb to`gm neragc pg`g tucgnb. Zg`g presk`ur ono, sgapkc `gro lgronbgn
tucgnb `ogadoc `gn `opkromsg `o dgwgf aomresmep (Tgtono, 4:4:). [auanyg,
 lgronbgn ygnb `obungmgn skdgbgo sgapkc pg`g doepso tucgnb dkrgsgc `gro cgposgn
cugr tucgnb. Dkr`gsgrmgn presk`urnyg, tkr`gpgt `ug topk doepso tucgnb `o dgwgf
ono<
g. Doepso lg
lgrua
 

Zg`g doepso lgrua, `emtkr aknbbungmgn lgrua mfusus untum aknbgadoc

sgapkc lgronbgn tucgnb.
 d. Doepso epkrgso
Zg`g doepso epkrgso, sgapkc lgronbgn `ogadoc akcgcuo sgygtgn pg`g mucot.

Zresk`ur ono `ocgmumgn docg `emtkr akadutufmgn sgapkc lgronbgn ygnb ckdof
 dgnygm.
Doepso tucgnb `ocgmumgn eckf `emtkr `knbgn tulugn aknbkvgcugso nykro tucgnb,
akagstomgn fgsoc rentbkn tucgnb ygnb to`gm neragc, aknkntumgn gpgmgf tuaer 
tucgnb dkrsoigt longm gtgu bgngs, aknhgro tgfu pknykdgd ygnb akn`gsgro rg`gnb
gtgu onikmso tucgnb. Zresk`ur ono dkrvgrogso `gn tkrbgntunb lknosnyg `o dgwgf ono<
g. Doepso lg
lgrua
- @emtkr gmgn akadugt sgygtgn mkhoc pg`g mucot.
- @emtkr mkau`ogn akagsummgn lgrua mk `gcga tucgnb untum aknbgadoc

sgapkc lgronbgn.
- @e
@emt
mtkr
kr aunb
aunbmomonn gmgn
gmgn ak
akad
adut
utuf
ufmg
mgnn V-
V-Tg
Tgyy gt
gtgu
gu HP shgn
shgn untu
untum 
m 
akagn`u lgrua mk grkg tucgnb ygnb tkpgt.
- [n
[ntu
tumm ak
aknb
nbga
gado
docc sgap
sgapkc
kc lgro
lgronb
nbgn
gn ygnb
ygnb mkho
mkhoc,
c, lg
lgru
rua
a to
topo
poss gmgn
gmgn
`obungmgn. Zresk`ur ono `omkngc `knbgn ngag ionk nkk`ck doepsy.
- [n
[ntu
tumm ak
aknb
nbga
gado
docc sgap
sgapkc
kc lgron
lgronbg
bgnn ygnb
ygnb ck
ckdo
doff dksg
dksgr,
r, `emt
`emtkr
kr gmgn
gmgn
aknbbungmg
aknbbungmgnn lgrua `knbgn umurgn ygnb ckdof dksgr pucg. Zres
Zresk`ur
k`ur ono
`omkngc `knbgn ngag herk nkk`ck doepsy.
- Zg
Zgso
sokn
kn au
aunb
nbmo
monn gmgn
gmgn ak
akrg
rgsg
sgmg
mgnn sk`o
sk`omo
mott tk
tkmg
mgng
ngnn mkto
mktomg
mg lg
lgru
rua
a
`oagsummgn `gn `omkcugrmgn `gro mucot.
- Xk
Xktk
tkcgf
cgf pr
pres
esk`
k`ur
ur skck
skcksg
sgo,o, cumg
cumg gmgn
gmgn `o
`otu
tutu
tupp `knb
`knbgn
gn pkrd
pkrdgn
gn untu
untum 
m 
aknbfkntomgn pkr`grgfgn
 d. Doepso epkrgso
- @emtkr gmgn akadugt sgygtgn mkhoc pg`g mucot fonbbg tucgnb tkrcofgt.
- Xgapkc tucgnb gmgn `ogadoc akcgcuo sgygtgn tkrskdut.
- Xkt
Xktkcgf
kcgf sga
sgapkc
pkc `og
`ogado
adoc,c, `em
`emtkr
tkr gmgn
gmgn aknutu
aknutupp cumg
cumg sgy
sgygtg
gtgnn `knbgn
`knbgn
 lgfotgn `gn pkrdgn.
7:. Zkrgn Zkrgwgt
Zkrgwgt Zrk, Ontrg,
Ontrg, Zest Epkrgtoi 
Epkrgtoi 
7. Pon`gm
Pon`gmgn
gn M
Mkpk
kpkrgw
rgwgtg
gtgnn prke
prkepkr
pkrgto
gtoi 
i 
 

Pon`gmgn mkpkrgwgtgn prkepkrgtoi akrupgmgn ton`gmgn ygnb `ocgmumgn eckf

 pkrgwgt `gcga rgnbmg akapkrsogpmgn pgsokn untum `ocgmumgn ton`gmgn
 pkadk`gfgn `knbgn tulugn untum aknlgaon mkskcgagtgn pgsokn
ontrgepkrgtoi. G`gpun pkrsogpgn Mcokn `o [not Zkrgwgtgn ygotu<

g. Zk
Zkrs
rsog
ogppgn Ios
Iosom 
Zkrsogpgn iosom prk epkrgso ygnb `ogcgao eckf pgsokn `odgbo `gcga 4
tgfgp
tgfgpgn
gn,, ygot
ygotuu pkrs
pkrsog
ogpg
pgnn `o unot
unot pkrgw
pkrgwgt
gtgn
gn `gn
`gn pkrs
pkrsog
ogpg
pgnn `o rugn
rugnbb
epkrgso. Dkrdgbgo pkrsogpgn iosom ygnb fgrus `ocgmumgn tkrfg`gp pgsokn
skdkcua epkrgso aknurut Drunnkr & Xu``grtf ( 4::4 ), gntgrg cgon <
7) Xtgtus
Xtgtus mkskfg
mkskfgtgn
tgn io
iosom
som skhgrg
skhgrg uaua
uaua
Xkdkcua
Xkdkcua `ocgmumgn
`ocgmumgn pkad
pkadk`gfgn
k`gfgn,, pkntonb
pkntonb `ocgmumgn
`ocgmumgn pkakr
pkakromsggn
omsggn
stgtus
stgtus mkskfg
mkskfgtgn
tgn skh
skhgrg
grg ua
uaua,
ua, akcopu
akcoputo
to o`knto
o`kntotgs
tgs mcokn,
mcokn, rowgyg
rowgygtt
 pknygmot skpkrto mkskfgtgn agsg cgcu, rowgygt mkskfgtgn mkcugrbg,

 pkakromsggn iosom cknbmgp, gntgrg cgon stgtus fkae`ongaomg, stgtus

mgr`oevgsmuckr, stgtus pkrngigsgn, iunbso bonlgc `gn fkpgtom, iunbso
kn`emron, iunbso oaunecebo, `gn cgon-cgon. Xkcgon otu pgsokn fgrus
ostorgfgt ygnb humup, mgrkng `knbgn ostorgfgt `gn to`ur ygnb humup
 pgsokn to`gm gmgn aknbgcgao strks iosom, tuduf ckdof rockms skfonbbg
 dgbo pgsokn ygnb akaocomo rowgygt fopkrtknso, tkmgngn `grgfnyg
`gpgt stgdoc `gn dgbo pgsokn wgnotg to`gm gmgn akaohu tkrlg`onyg
fgo` ckdof gwgc.
4) Xtgt
Xtgtus
us Nu
Nutr
tros
osoo

Mkdutufgn nutroso `otkntumgn `knbgn aknbumur tonbbo dg`gn `gn

 dkrgt dg`gn, copgt mucot troskp, conbmgr cknbgn gtgs, mg`gr pretkon `grgf
(gcduaon `gn bceducon) `gn mkskoadgnbgn notrebkn. Xkbgcg dkntum 
`kios
`kiosok
okns
nsoo nutr
nutros
osoo fgru
fgruss `o
`ome
merkm
rkmso
so skdk
skdkcu
cua
a pkad
pkadk`
k`gf
gfgn
gn untu
untum 
m 
akadkromgn pretkon ygnb humup untum pkrdgomgn lgronbgn. Men`oso
bozo
bozo duru
durumm `gpg
`gpgtt ak
aknb
nbgm
gmod
odgtm
gtmgn
gn pgso
pgsokn
kn aknb
aknbgc
gcga
gaoo dkrd
dkrdgb
gbgo
go
meapcomgso pgshg epkrgso `gn aknbgmodgtmgn pgsokn aknlg`o ckdof
cgag `orgwgt `o ruagf sgmot. Meapcomgso ygnb pgconb skronb tkrlg`o
g`gcgf onikmso pgshg epkrgso, `kfosoknso (tkrckpgsnyg lgfotgn skfonbbg

cumg to`gm dosg aknygtu), `kaga `gn pknykadufgn cumg ygnb cgag.
 

Zg`g men`oso ygnb skrous pgsokn `gpgt aknbgcgao skpsos ygnb dosg
aknbgmodgtmgn mkagtogn.
8) Mkskoa
Mkskoadgn
dgnbgn
bgn hg
hgorg
orgnn `gn kckmt
kckmtrec
recot
ot
Dgcgnhk hgorgn pkrcu `opkrfgtomgn `gcga mgotgnnyg `knbgn onput `gn

eutput hgorgn. @kaomogn lubg mg`gr kckmtrecot skrua fgrus dkrg`g

`gcga
`gcga rkntgn
rkntgnbb ner
neragc
agc.. Mg`
Mg`gr
gr kckmtre
kckmtrecot
cot ygnb
ygnb dogsgn
dogsgnyg
yg `ocgmu
`ocgmumgn
mgn
 pkakromsggn `o gntgrgnyg g`gcgf mg`gr ngtroua skrua (neragc < 78;
-70; aaec/c), mg`gr mgcoua skrua (neragc < 8,; ‘ ; aaec/c) `gn
mg`gr mrkgtonon skrua (:,2: ‘ 7,;: ab/`c). Mkskoadgnbgn hgorgn `gn
kckmtrecot tkrmgot krgt `knbgn iunbso bonlgc. @oagng bonlgc dkriunbso
aknbgtur
aknbgtur akmgnosak gsga dgsg `gn kmsmr
kmsmrkso
kso aktgdecot edgt-edgtgn
edgt-edgtgn
gngstkso. Lomg iunbso bonlgc dgom agmg epkrgso `gpgt `ocgmumgn `knbgn
 dgom.

0) Mkdkrs
Mkdkrsofg
ofgnn cg
cgadu
adunb
nb `gn
`gn mmece
ecenn
;) Zknhum
Zknhumurg
urgnn `gkrgf
`gkrgf epkrgs
epkrgsoo
9) Zk
Zkrs
rsen
engc
gc F
Fyb
ybon
onkk
Mkdkrs
Mkdkrsofg
ofgnn tuduf
tuduf pgs
pgsokn
okn sgnbgt
sgnbgt pknton
pkntonbb untum
untum pkr
pkrsog
sogpgn
pgn epkrgs
epkrgsoo
mgrkng tuduf ygnb meter `gpgt akrupgmgn suadkr muagn `gn `gpgt
aknbgmodgtmgn onikmso pg`g `gkrgf ygnb `oepkrgso. Zg`g pgsokn ygnb
men`o
en`osso ios
iosomn
omnyg mugt
mugt `ognl
ognluurm
rmgn
gn untu
ntum agn`
gn`o skn`
kn`or
oroo `gn
`gn
akadkrsofmgn `gkrgf epkrgso `knbgn ckdof skmsgag.
2) Zknbe
Zknbesen
senbgn
bgn mgn
mgn`un
`unbb mmkao
kaoff

Zk
Zknb
nbeesenb
senbgn
gn mgn`
mgn`ununbb mkao
mkaoff `o
`ocg
cgmu
mumg
mgnn `knb
`knbgn
gn akcg
akcgmu
mumg
mgnn
 pkagsgnbgn mgtktkr. Xkcgon untum pknbenbgn oso dcg``kr ton`gmgn
mgtktkrosgso lubg `opkrcumgn untum aknbedskrvgso dgcgnhk hgorgn.
hgorg n.
6) Cgto
Cgtofg
fgnn ZZrg
rg Epkr
Epkrgs
gsoo
Dkrdgbgo cgtofgn sgnbgt `opkrcumgn pg`g pgsokn skdkcua epkrgso, fgc
ono sgn
sgnbgt
bgt pkn
pknton
tonbb skd
skdgbg
gbgoo pkr
pkrsog
sogpgn
pgn pgs
pgsokn
okn `gcga
`gcga aknbfg
aknbfg`gp
`gpoo
men`oso pgshg epkrgso. Cgtofgn ygnb `oagmsu` skpkrto cgtofgn ngigs
`gcga, cgtofgn bkrgm skn`o.
 d. Zkrsogpgn pknunlgnb

Zkakromsggn pknunlgnb ygnb `ocgmumgn pg`g pgsokn prkepkrgso ygotu<

 

7) Zk
Zkak
akro
roms
msgg
ggnn Tg
Tg`o
`oec
eceb
eboo `gn
`gn `o
`ogb
gbne
nest
stom
om skpk
skpkrt
rtoo < Iete
Iete tf
tfer
ergm
gms,
s,
gd`eakn, iete tucgnb (`gkrgf irgmtur), [XB ([ctrg Xene Brgio), HP
shgn (heaputkrozk` Peaebrgpfy Xhgn)
4) Zkakromsggn
Zkakromsggn Cgdergtero
Cgdergteroua,
ua, dkrupg
dkrupg pkakr
pkakromsggn
omsggn `grgf

8) Doepso
Doepso,, ygo
ygotu
tu ton`g
ton`gmgn
mgn skdkc
skdkcua
ua epkrg
epkrgso
so dkrupg
dkrupg pknbgad
pknbgadocg
ocgnn dgfgn
dgfgn
 lgronbgn tuduf untum akagstomgn
akagstomgn pknygmot pgsokn skdkcua epkrgso.
0) Zkakrom
Zkakromsgg
sggnn Mg`gr
Mg`gr Bucg
Bucg @grgf
@grgf (MB@
(MB@))
h. Zk
Zkak
akro
roms
msggn
ggn XXtg
tgtu
tuss Gn
Gnks
kstk
tkso
so
`. Onie
Oniera
rak`
k` He
Hens
nskn
kntt
k. Zk
Zkrs
rsogp
ogpgn
gn Ak
Aknt
ntgc
gc/Z
/Zso
somo
moss
Zkrgngn pkrgwgt `gcga akadkromgn `umunbgn akntgc `gpgt `ocgmumgn
`knbgn dkrdgbgo hgrg<
7) Akad
Akadgn
gntu
tu pgso
pgsokn
kn ak
aknb
nbkt
ktgf
gfuo
uo tk
tknt
ntgn
gnbb to
ton`
n`gm
gmgn
gn-to
-ton`
n`gm
gmgn
gn ygnb
ygnb

`ogcgao pgsokn skdkcua epkrgso, akadkromgn onieragso pg`g pgsokn

tkntgnb wgmtu epkrgso, fgc-fgc ygnb gmgn `ogcgao eckf pgsokn skcgag
 presks epkrgso, aknunlummgn
aknunlummgn tkapgt mgagr epkrgso.
4) Akad
Akadkr
krom
omgn
gn pknl
pknlkc
kcgs
gsgn
gn tkrc
tkrckd
kdof
of `gfu
`gfucu
cu skdk
skdkcu
cua
a skto
sktogp
gp to
ton`
n`gm
gmgn
gn
 pkrsogpgn epkrgso sksugo `knbgn tonbmgt
tonbmgt pkrmkadgnbgn
8) Akadkro mksk
kskapgtgn pg`g pgsokn `gn mkcugr
grbbgny
gnyg untum 
akngnygmgn tkntgnb skbgcg presk`ur ygnb g`g
0) Aknberkmso
Aknberkmso ppknbkrt
knbkrtogn
ogn ygnb sgcgf tkn
tkntgnb
tgnb ton
ton`gmgn
`gmgn ppkadk`
kadk`gfgn
gfgn `gn
fgc-f
fgc-fgc
gc cgon
cgon mgrk
mgrkng
ng pknb
pknbkrt
krtog
ognn ygnb
ygnb sgcg
sgcgff gmgn
gmgn ak
akno
noad
aduc
ucmg
mgnn

mkhkagsgn pg`g pgsokn

;) Mecg
Mecgde
derg
rgso
so `knb
`knbgn
gn `emt
`emtkr
kr tk
tkrm
rmgo
gott `knb
`knbgn
gn pkad
pkadkr
krog
ognn edgt
edgt prk
prk
ak`omgso, skpkrto vgcoua `gn `ogzkpga tgdckt skdkcua pgsokn to`ur 
untum
untum aknuru
aknurunmg
nmgnn mkh
mkhkag
kagsgn
sgn `gn pgs
pgsokn
okn `gpgt
`gpgt to`
to`ur
ur skfonb
skfonbbg
bg
mkdutufgn ostorgfgtnyg tkrpknufo. (Weso, 4:70)
4. Pon`gm
Pon`gmgn
gn mmkpk
kpkrgw
rgwgtgn
gtgn ontrge
ontrgepkr
pkrgtoi 
gtoi 
Mkpk
Mkpkrg
rgwg
wgtg
tgnn Ontr
Ontrge
gepk
pkrg
rgto
toii g`gcg
g`gcgff to
ton`
n`gm
gmgn
gn mkpk
mkpkrgw
rgwgt
gtgn
gn skcg
skcgag
ag igsk
igsk
ontrgepkrgso dkriemus pg`g men`oso kaesoengc `gn lubg igmter iosom skpkrto
mkgagn
mkgagngn,
gn,pes
pesoso
oso tuduf,
tuduf, akn
aknlgb
lgbgg gsk
gskpso
psoss `gn aknben
aknbentre
trecc men`os
men`osoo rugnb
rugnb

 dk`gf. Zknbmglogn prgepkrgso akadgntu pkrgwgt akrknhgngmgn ontkrvknso

 

sk
skcg
cgag
ag ig
igsk
sk ono.
ono. Zk
Zkrg
rgwg
wgtt tktg
tktgpp dkrt
dkrton
on`g
`gmm skdg
skdgbg
bgoo pknl
pknlgb
gbgg pgso
pgsokn
kn,,
aknbgtosopgso meapcomgso ygnb aunbmon tkrlg`o. Docg `emtkr dk`gf iemus
akcg
akcgmu
mumg
mgnn ton`
ton`gm
gmgn
gn dk`g
dk`gf,
f, toa
toa gnks
gnkstks
tksoo iemu
iemuss pg`g
pg`g pkrn
pkrngi
gigs
gsgn
gn `gn
`gn
akakpkrtgfgnmgn stgdocotgs iosoecebos, pkrgwgt dkrtgnbbunb lgwgd `knbgn

skaug gmtovotgs cgon ygnb dkrcgnbsunb `o rugnb

r ugnb epkrgso. (Xutosng, 4:74)
8. Pon`gm
Pon`gmgn
gn mmkpk
kpkrgw
rgwgtgn
gtgn pgshg
pgshg ep
epkrgt
krgtoi 
oi 
Dkromut akrupgmgn ontkrvknso mkpkrgwgtgn pgshg epkrgtoi ygnb skfgrusnyg
`ocgmumgn eckf pkrgwgt ygotu<
7) Zknyuc
Zknyucufg
ufgnn pgs
pgsokn
okn/mk
/mkcugr
cugrbg
bg
Zkrgwgt pkrcu aknkrgnbmgn mkpg`g pgsokn `gn mkcugbgnyg aknbkngo
edgt ygnb `otkrusmgn `oruagf, pkrgwgtgn cumg dk`gf, tgn`g `gn bklgcg
meapcomgso, pkadgtgsgn mkbogtgn `gn ton`gm cgnlut gsufgn.
4) Zkakco
Zkakcofgr
fgrggn
ggn iunb
iunbso
so pk
pkrng
rngpgs
pgsgn
gn

- Zkakcofgrggn mkpgtkngn lgcgn ngpgs

- Zkakcofgrggn pkrtumgrgn bgs
8) Zk
Zkak
akco
cofg
fgrg
rggn
gn sorm
sormuc
ucgs
gsoo
- Zkakcofgrggn gcorgn dgcom vkng
- Zkakcofgrggn mkskoadgnbgn hgorgn `gn kckmtrecot
0) Zkakco
Zkakcofgr
fgrggn
ggn tkraer
tkraerkbu
kbucgs
cgsoo
;) Zk
Zkak
akco
cofg
fgrg
rggn
gn mkny
mknyga
gagn
gngn
gn
77. Meapco
Meapcomgs
mgsoo
g. Gapu
Gaputg
tgso
so (ckn
(cknbg
bgnn gtgu
gtgu tunb
tunbmg
mgoo mgcg
mgcguu estk
estkea
eaokc
okcot
otos
os mren
mrenos
os ygnb
ygnb rkso
rksost
stkn
kn
aknykdgdmgn nykro ygnb dkrgt skrtg aknbbgnbbu `gn aknburgnbo iunbso
tucgnb.
 d. Mertkms tucgnb ygnb ckagf skfonbbg akrupgmgn igmter prk`opesoso untum 
irgmtur pgtecebos
h. Zk
Zkrt
rtua
uadu
dufg
fgnn kmst
kmstrk
rkao
aotgs
tgs ygnb
ygnb tkrf
tkrfkn
knto
to (pg`
(pg`gg gngm
gngm `knb
`knbgn
gn estk
estkea
eaok
okcot
cotos
os
 dkrgt)

D. Menskp
Menskp @gsgr
@gsgr Gsufgn
Gsufgn Mkpkrgwg
Mkpkrgwgtgn
tgn Zgsokn
Zgsokn `knbgn
`knbgn Estkeaykcotos
7. Zknbmglogn
 

g. To
Towg
wgyg
ygtt mk
mkpk
pkrg
rgwg
wgtg
tgnn
- O`kntoiomgso gwotgn bklgcg gmut < nykro gmut, pkadgnbmgmgn, krotkag,
`kaga gtgu mkcugrnyg pus `gro sonus `oskrtgo nykro, pkadknbmgmgn `gn
`kaga.

- Mglo igmter rksome < Cgnsog, @A, tkrgpo mertomestkreo` lgnbmg pgnlgnb,
hk`krg, onikmso `gn rowgygt dk`gf ertepk`o skdkcuanyg.
- Fgc-fgc ygnb `omglo akcoputo uaur, pkrngf to`gmnyg trguag, cumg tkrdumg,
ton`gmgn epkrgso mfususnyg epkrgso tucgnb, `gn tkrgpo rg`ogso. Igmter-
igmter tkrskdut g`gcgf suadkr petknsogc tkrlg`onyg onikmso.
 d. Zkakromsggn iosom 
Grkg skmotgr tucgnb ygnb tkronikmso aknlg`o dknbmgm `gn tkrgsg ckadkm docg
`opgcp
`opgcpgso
gso.. Dos
Dosgg lub
lubgg tkr
tkr`gp
`gpgt
gt krot
krotkag
kag gtgu mkakrgf
mkakrgfgn
gn `gn pgngs.
pgngs. Kik
Kikm 
m 
sostka
sostkaom
om akn
aknun
unlum
lummgn
mgn g`g
g`gnyg
nyg `ka
`kaga
ga dogsgn
dogsgnyg `ogtgs 86e, tgmfom
yg `ogtgs tgmfomgr`
gr`o,o,
orrotgdck, ckagf, dknbmgm, nykro, agupun krotkag.
h. To
Towg
wgyg
ygtt ps
psom
omes
eses
esog
ogcc
Zgsokn skronbmgco akrgsg mktgmutgn, mfgwgtor onikmsonyg to`gm `gpgt skaduf,
tgmut `ogaputgso. Dogsgnyg pgsokn `orgwgt cgag `o ruagf sgmot skfonbbg
 pkrgwgt pkrcu aknbmglo pkrudgfgn-pkrudgfgn mkfo`upgn mfususnyg
fudunbgnnyg `knbgn mkcugrbg, pkmkrlggn gtgu skmecgf.
`. Zk
Zkak
akro
roms
msgg
ggnn `o
`ogb
gbne
nest
stoh
oh
Fgsoc cgdergteroua aknunlummgn g`gnyg ckumesotesos `gn cglu kn`gp `grgf
aknonb
aknonbmgt
mgt.. ;:%
;:% pgsokn
pgsokn ygnb
ygnb akn
aknbgc
bgcgao
gao oni
onikms
kmsoo fkagte
fkagtebkn
bkn skhgrg
skhgrg `ono
`ono
g`gnyg estkeaokcotos agmg `ocgmumgn shgnnonb tucgnb. Xkcgon otu `gpgt pucg
`knbgn doepso tucgnb gtgu ATO.
4. @o
@ogb
gbne
nesg
sg Mkp
Mkpkr
krgw
gwgt
gtgn
gn
@ogbnesg mkpkrgwgtgn ygnb aunbmon aunhuc pg`g pgsokn `knbgn estkeaokcotos
g`gcgf <
g. Ny
Nykr
kroo Gmu
Gmut/
t/ Mr
Mren
enos
os
 d. Fopkrtkrao
h. To
Tossome
ome On
Onik
ikmmso
`. Bgnb
Bgnbbu
bugn
gn A
Aed
edoc
ocot
otgs
gs IIos
osom 
om 
k. Mkru
Mkrusg
sgmg
mgnn On
Ontk
tkbr
brot
otgs
gs M
Muc
ucot
ot
 

@GIPGT Z[XPGMG

Dort, A. H., Gn`krsen, @. R., Pedy, K. D., & Rgnb, L. (4:72). Estkeaykcotos < Tkhknt
g`vgnhks on pgtfepfysoeceby gn` tfkrgpkutoh strgtkboks. Leurngc ei Ertfepgk`ohs,
70(7), 0;‘;4. fttps<//`eo.erb/7:.7:79/l.ler.4:79.7
fttps<//`eo.erb/7:.7:79/l.ler.4:79.7:.::0
:.::0
Drunnkr & Xu``grtf. 4::4. Dumu Glgr mkpkrgwtgn ak`omgc dk`gf, k`oso 6 vec 8.
Herwon, Kcozgdktf L. 4::?. Zgteiosoecebo< Dumu sgmu. Lgmgrtg< KBH.
Lgmgrtg< KBH
Tgtono, A. (4:4:). Rfgt Os g Denk Doepsy5 RkdA@.
fttps<//www.wkda`.hea/hgnhkr/wfgt-os-denk-doepsy#4
Tgwun
Tgw unb,
b, T., Aenonb
Aenonbmky
mky,, H., Tgtucg
Tgtucgnbo
nbo,, X., Xurbkr
Xurbkry,
y, B., & Zrebrg
Zrebrga,
a, T. (4:7?)
(4:7?)..
Estkeaykcotos< G Cotkrgturk Tkvokw. Lurngc Doeak`om (LDA, 77(4), 9?‘2?.
Xurgtun., `mm. 4::6. Mcokn @knbgn Xostka Ausmecesmkcktgc< Xkro Gsufgn Mkpkrgwgtgn.
Lgmgrtg< KBH.
Xuryg`o, A. (4:79). CGZETGN ZKN@GF[C[GN EXPKEAOKCOPOX @O TX[@ @T 
AEHF GNXGTO XGCKF DGNLGTAGXON.
 

Cgpergn Mgsus

GX[FGN MKZKTGRGPGN ZG@G PN. @ 

@ [XOG 40 PGF[N
@KNBGN @OGBNEXG AK@OX EXPKEA_KCOPOX @O T[GNB
MKA[NONB TX[@ @T. FGXGN XG@OMON MEPG DGN@[NB

[ntum akaknufo tubgs Zrgmtom Mkpkrgwgtgn Ak`omgc Dk`gf OOO

Zrebrga Xtu`o Xgrlgng Mkpkrgwgtgn

@eskn Zkadoadonb<
Togn`o Gcvon, X.Mkp., Nkrs., A.Mkp

Eckf
Gi`fgcun Nosg‟ 8:4:72::4

ZTEBTGA XP[@O XGTLGNG MKZKTGRGPGN

[NOYKTOXPGX ‖GOX_O_GF DGN@[NB
4:4:
 

MGX[X 8

Zgsokn cgmo-cgmo, 40 tgfun `odgwg mk [B@ TXFX `knbgn mkcufgn `kaga, to`gm 
 dosg dkrlgcgn, tgapgm krotkag, pkadknbmgmgn `gn nykro `omgmo
`omgmo moro skcgag 7: fgro,

Xkdkcuanyg pgsokn dkredgt `l mconom `gn akn`gpgtmgn tkrgpo pgrghktgaec ;::

ab <0 8 `gn Hkigzecon c x 8 br.
Fgsoc pkakromsggn icsom aknunlummgn nykro smgcg 6 (:-7:) `gn `kaga 82,?H.
Zkakromsgggn sostka tuduf cgon neragc .mkhugco grkg kmstrkaotgs dgwgf, tkr`gpgt
 pkadknbmgmgn cemgc, krotkag, sggt `opgcpgso tgapgm ckadut `gn pgngs `o skmotgr 
grkg dknbmgm, bkrgmgn mgmo tkrdgtgs, iunbso nkurevgsmuckr agsof dgom.
Fgsoc pkakromsggn cgdergteroua mg`gr fkaebcedon 77,? br/`c, ckumesot 4;0::
caa8, treadesot 4;0.::: /aa8. Cglu kn`gp `grgf (CK@) 70: aa/lga `knbgn
 pretkon H-rkgmtoi (HTZ) dkrumurgn 9: ab/`c.

Zgsokn tkr`ogbnesg Estkeaokcotos, agmg `emtkr akcgmumgn doespo tucgnb `gn fgsoc
 pkakromsggn aknunlummgn dgmtkro brga hehhus pesotoi. Pkrgpo Pkigzecon agsof
`o
`ocg
cgnl
nlut
utmg
mgnn tktg
tktgpo
po pgso
pgsokn
kn to`g
to`gmm g`g
g`g pkrd
pkrdgo
gomg
mgn.
n. Xktk
Xktkcgf
cgf 8 fgro
fgro fgso
fgsocc muct
muctur 
ur 
aknunlummgn ATXG sknsotoi. Pkrgpo `obgnto `knbgn Pkohepcgnon 0:: ab/fgro
akcgcuo ontrg vkng skcgag 4 aonbbu, Proakteproa-sucigaktfexgzeck 06: ab x
4/fgro pkr ergc shcgag c ducgn
 

GX[FGN MKZKTGRGPGN ZG@G PN. @ 

@ [XOG 40 PGF[N @KNBGN
@OGBNEXG AK@OX EXPKEA_KCOPOX @O T[GNB MKA[NONB
TX[@ @T. FGXGN XG@OMON DGN@[NB

G. ZKNBMGLOGN
7. O`kn
`kntot
totgs Zgsok
sokn
 Ngag Zgsokn < Pn. @
Pgnbbgc Cgfor < 77 Gproc 7??9
Lknos Mkcgaon < Cgmo-cgmo
Gcgagt < Hohgcknbmg
Zkmkrlggn < Tkpertkr 
Gbgag < Oscga
Zkn`o`omgn < Xgrlgng
Xtgtus < Aknomgf
 Neaer TA < 880:?6
@ogbnesg Ak`os < Estkeaykcotos 
Pgnbbgc Zknbmglogn < 46 @kskadkr 4:4:
Pgnbbgc Agsum TX < 4; @kskadkr 4:4:

4. O`knto
O`kntotg
tgss Zkngn
Zkngnbbu
bbunb
nb Lgwgd
Lgwgd Zgsokn
Zgsokn
 Ngag < Pn G
Lknos Mkcgaon < Cgmo-cgmo
Fudunbgn `knbgn Zgsokn < Xkpupu
Gcgagt < Hohgcknbmg

Gsgc Zgsokn <  Tgwgt Lgcgn

 Tgwgt Ongp

 Tulumgn

G. ZTK
ZTK EZK
EZKTG
TGXO
XO
7. Mkcu
Mkcufg
fgnn [tga
tgag <
Zgsokn aknbkcuf `kaga, to`gm dosg dkrlgcgn, tgapgm krotkag, pkadknbmgmgn `gn
nykro `omgmo moro skcgag 7: fgro.
4. To
Towg
wgyg
ygtt Zk
Zkny
nygm
gmot
ot <
▧ @A ▧ Gsag
Gsag ▧ Fkpgtotos ▧ Lgntu
Lgntunb
nb ▧ Fopkrtknso ▧ FOY  Po`gm g`g, 
g`g, 
 

8. Towg
Towgyg
ygtt Epk
Epkrg
rgso
so/g
/gnk
nkst
stks
ksoo < ▧ G`g   Po`gm g`g
0. Towgygt Gckrbo < ▧ G`g, skdutmgn..................    Po`gm g`g
;. Lknos
Lknos Epkrgs
Epkrgsoo < Doe
Doepso
pso Pucgnb
Pucgnb
9. Zkakromsggn PPY < Xufu < 82,? ºH

  Ng
Ng`o ?6 x/ant
< ?6 x/ant
  Tk
Tksporgso < 44 x/ant
  P@ <74:/6: aaFb
74:/6: aaFb

2. PD/DD < 72: ha/

ha/;;
;; mb OAP < 7? (Neragc)
6. Becenbgn @
@ggrgf < E Tfksus< +

Towgygt Zsomesesogc/Xporotugc
Zsomesesogc/Xporotugc
?. Xt
Xtgt
gtus
us Kaes
Kaesoe
oeng
ngcc
▧ Pkngnb ▧ Donbunb  Meepkrgtoi  ▧
 ▧ Po`gm Meepkrgtoi ▧ Akngnbos

▧ Akngrom `oro
7:. Ponbmgt Mkhkagsgn < ▧ Po`gm Hkags  Hkags
77. XXmmgcg Hkags < ▧ : 1 Po`gm hkags
  ▧ 7 1 Aknbunb
Aknbunbmgpmgn
mgpmgn mkrosgugn
  ▧ 4 1 Ponbmgt pkrfgtogn tonbb
tonbboo
    8 1 Mkrosgugn to`gm dkriemus
  ▧ 0 1 Tkspen soapgtk-g`rkngc
  ▧ ; 1 Zgnom 

74. Xmgcg
Xmgcg nykro
nykro
 

Po
Po`g
`gmm nykr
nykroo Nykr
Nykroo ronb
ronbgn
gn Ny
Nykr
kroo sk
sk`g
`gnb
nb Nykr
Nykroo dkrg
dkrgtt Xgnb
Xgnbgt
gt Ny
Nykr
kroo Ny
Nykr
kroo tg
tgmm tk
tkrt
rtgf
gfgn
gn
▧ :-7 ▧ 4-8 ▧0-; ▧ 9-2   6-?   ▧ 7:

78. Xurvky Xkmun`kr, Zkakromsggn Iosom Fkg` te Pek

Dgbogn Neragc Lomg Po`gm Neragc Lkcgsmgn
_g Po`gm  
Iosom 
Mkpgcg   
Ckfkr    

Gd`eakn    
@g`g 

Bknotgcog   
Ontkbuakn   
Kmstrkaotgs    Grkg kmstrkaotgs dgwgf, tkr kr``gpgt
 pkadknbmgmgn cemgc, krotkag, sggt
`opgcp
`opgcpgso
gso tga
tgapgm
pgm ckadut
ckadut `gn pgngs
pgngs `o
skm
skmot
otgr
gr grgrkg
kg dknbknbmgm
mgm, bkrg
bkrgmg
mgnn mgmogmo
tkrd
tkrdgt
gtgs
gs,, iunb
iunbso
so nkur
nkurev
evgs
gsmu
muck
ckrr agso
agsoff
 dgom, mk mkmu
mugt
gtgn
gn etetet
et 0/
0/;; `g
`gnn tktkr`
r`gp
gpgt
gt
mkmgmugn skn`o.
skn`o.

70. Fgsoc `gtg pknunlgnb<

pknunlgnb< Fgsoc muctur aknun
aknunlummgn
lummgn ATXG skn
sknsotoi 
sotoi 
7;. Zkakromsggn
Zkakromsggn Cgde
Cgdergtero
rgteroua
ua
Zkakromsggn Fgsoc Nocgo Tulumgn Xgtugn
44-@kskadkrc-4:4:
Fkagtecebo
- Fkaebcedon 77,9 78,; ~ 72,; b/`C
- Ckumesot 4;0:: 00:: ~ 778:: /aa8
- Preadesot 4;0::: 7;:::: ~ 0;:::: /aa8
- Cglu Kn`gp
@grgf (CK@) 70: : ~ 44 aa/ lga
- H- Tkgmtoi
Zretkon (HTZ)
9: ab/C
 

79
79.. KMB<
KMB< -
72. Tentbk
Tentbkn<
n< -
76
76.. [XB<
[XB< -

7?. Zrebrga
Zrebrga Pkrgp
Pkrgpoo
Ngag Edgt @esos Tutk On`omgso

Onius TC ;:: 46 tpa OY TC skdgbgo hgorgn fo`rgso `gn

kckmtrecot untum akronbgnmgn `ogrk,
cumg dgmgr, mg`gr ngtroua rkn`gf
fonbbg grotaog.
Pkrgpo :,4;-7,; br  OY Edgt
Edgt gnto
gntoddoe
oeeeto
tomm ntu
ntumm akn
aknbbedgt
edgtoo
 dkrdgbgo lknos dgmtkro, `knbgn hgrg
Hkigzecon togp 9-6
aknbfkntomgn pkrtuadufgn dgmtkrog.
 lga /fgro
 

D. ONPT
ONPTG
G EZKT
EZKTGX
GXOO
7. Gngstk
Gngstkso
so `oaucg
`oaucgoo lga
lga<< 47.
47.7;
7; ROD
4. Zkadk`
Zkadk`gfg
gfgnn `oauc
`oaucgo
go lga<
lga< 447.8
7.8:: RO
ROD
D
8. Lkno
Lknoss gn
gngs
gstk
tkso
so<<

▧ Xpongc ∜ [aua/bknkrgc gngstkso  ▧Cemgc ▧ Nkrvus dcem

▧……………
0. Zeso
Zesoso
so epk
epkrgso<
rgso< ▧ tkrckn
tkrckntgnb
tgnb ▧ ccotete
oteteao
ao ▧ tkn
tknbmurg
bmurgp/mnk
p/mnkkk hfkks
∜ cgtkrgc< ∜ mgngn ▧ moro ▧ cgonnyg......
;. Hgtg
Hgtgtg
tgnn G
Gnk
nkst
stks
kso<
o<
9. Zkag
Zkagsg
sgnb
nbgn
gn gcg
gcgt-g
t-gcg
cgt<
t<
Gorwgy< ▧ Pkrpgsgnb KPP ne<........ ▧ Pkrpgsgnb CAG ne< 8
  ▧ EZG ▧ E4 Ng
Ngssgc
2. Zkakromsggn PPY <
e
Xufu< 82 H
 Ng`o< ?: x/ant, Pkrgdg ∜ mugt, ▧ Ckagf, ∜ tkrgtur, ▧ to`gm tkrgtur,
TT< 4: x/ant,
P@< 74:/6: aaFb,
74:/6: aaFb,
Xgturgso E4< ?6 %
6. Xurvk
Xurvkyy Xkm
Xkmun`k
un`kr,
r, cgm
cgmumgn
umgn skhgrg fkg` te te
tekk skhgrg
skhgrg proe
proerotgs
rotgs

Dgbogn Neragc Lomg Po`gm Neragc Lkcgsmgn

_g Po`gm  
Iosom 
Mkpgcg ∜
Ckfkr 
@g`g ∜
Gd`eakn ∜
Bknotgcog ∜
Ontkbuakn ∜
Kmstrkaotgs ∜ Grkg kmstrk
rka
aotgs dgwgf, tkr`
r`ggpgt
 pkadknbmgmgn cemgc, krotkag, sggt
`opgcp
`opgcpgso
gso tga
tgapgm
pgm ckadut
ckadut `gn pgngs
pgngs `o
skmotgr grkg dknbmgm.

?. Petg
Petgcc hhgo
gorg
rgnn a
ags
gsum 
um 

Onius < 7;::hh/40lga

 

Prgniuso < -
7:. Petgc hgorgn mkcugr 
[ronk < ?;:hh
Zkr`grgfgn < 4;:
77. Dgcgnhk hgorgn < 8::hh

H. ZEXP EZKTGXO
Zgsokn pon`gf mk <
- Zon`gf mk OH[/ZOH[/NOH[, lga …ROD

- Tkhevkry Teea, lga

lga ::.:: ROD
7. Mkcufgn sggt `o TT <
∜ Augc ▧ Auntgf ▧ pusonb ∜ Nykro cumg epkrgso ▧ Mgmo tkrgsg dggc ▧ Aknbboboc
▧ cgonnyg…..
4. Mkg`ggn [aua < ▧ Dgom ∜Xk`gnb ▧ Xgmot dkrgt
8. Zkakromsggn PPY <
Xufu < 8; eH
 Ng`o < 97 x/ant
T < 79 x/ant,
P@ < 7::/2:
7::/2:aaFb
aaFb
Xgt E4 < ?6 %
0. Mksg`grgn< ∜HA ▧ Gpgtos ▧ Xeaneckn ▧ Xepere ▧ Heag
;. Xurvky
Xurvky Xkm
Xkmun`
un`kr,
kr, cgmumg
cgmumgnn sskhgr
khgrgg fkg` te tek skhgrg proerotgs<
Dgbogn Neragc Lomg Po`gm Neragc Lkcgsmgn
_g Po`gm  
Iosom 
Mkpgcg ∜
Ckfkr  ∜
@g`g ∜
Gd`eakn ∜
Bknotgcog ∜
Ontkbuakn ∜
Kmstrkaotgs ∜ Pkr`gpgt cumg pest ep denk doepsy pg`g
grkg kmstkraotgs moro, tkr`gpgt dknbmgm
 pg`g skmotgr grkg pest ep, `gn gpgdocg
`opgcpgso tkrgs ckadut `gn pgngs
 

9. Xmgcg
Xmgcg Nykro
Nykro ak
aknur
nurut
ut YG
YGXX ( Yos
Yosugc
ugc Gngce
Gngcebb Xhg
Xhgck
ck )

       
Po`gm nykro Nykro rroonbgn  Nykro sk`gnb   Nykro dkrgt Xgnbgt Nykro  Nykro tgm tkrtgfgn
▧ :-7 ▧ 4-8 ▧0-; ▧ 9-2   ∜6-?   ▧ 7:
 

D. GNGC
GNGCOX
OXG
G @GPG
@GPG
Ne. @gtg Xudlkmtoi Ktoecebo Agsgcgf
7. Zrk Epkrgso Onvgso Dgmtkro  Nykro Gmut
@X< Zgsokn aknbkcuf nykro Xtgpfycehehhus Gurkus
`omgmo moro skcgag 7: fgro. ↘
Onvgso Mk Pucgnb
@E< ↘
 Zgsokn tgapgm bkcosgf, Estkeaykcotos
akronbos `gn iemus pg`g ↘
grkg nykro Igbesotesos
 Xmgcg nykro 6 (:-7:) ↘
  Nykro ygnb `orgsgmgn Zresks Onicgagso<
 dkr`knyut-`knyut Fopkrkaog @gn
  Nykro `orgsgmgn Zkadknbmgmgn
wgcgupun pgsokn sk`gnb ↘
ostorgfgt Zknonbmgtgn Lgronbgn
Omgt Zg`g Pucgnb
↘
Osmkaog Pucgnb
↘
Mkto`gmskoadgnbgn
Mkdutufgn Emsobkn
↘
Aktgdecosak gngkred
↘
Gsga Cgmtgt Aknonbmgt
↘
Gmuaucgso M +
kmstrgskcuckr `gn F+
↘
Aknbgmtoimgn
nesoskpter 
↘
Zkrskpso Nykro
(38ducgn)
↘
 Nykro Gmut
4 Zrk Epkrgso Onvgso Dgmtkro Fopkrtkraog
@X< Zgsokn aknbkcuf Xtgpfycehehhus Gurkus
`kaga..  ↘

@E<Zgsokn tgapgm ckags `gn Onvgso Mk

↘ Pucgnb
 

Ne. @gtg Xudlkmtoi Ktoecebo Agsgcgf

 dkrmkronbgt Estkeaykcotos
 Pkr`gpgt pkadknbmgmgn ↘
`gn tgapgm krotkag pg`g Igbesotesos
mgmo moro. Xggt `opgcpgso ↘

ckadut `gn pgngs pg`g

grkg dknbmgm. Gmuaucgso
Agmreigb, XkcAenesot
P Fkcpkr 
  Ng`o< 44x/ ant @gn Iodrecgs
 Tksporgso< ?6x/ant ↘
Zkckpgsgn Zorebkn
Kn`ebkn (Xotemon)
↘
Ontkrckumon-7
Ontkrckumon-9
↘
Aknkadus Xgwgr Etgm 
↘
Zkadkntumgn
Zrestgbcgn`on Etgm 
↘
Akrgnbsgnb
Fopetgcgaus
Aknonbmgtmgn Potom 
Zgtemgn Xufu
↘
Aknonbmgtmgn Xufu
Dgsgc
↘
Fopkrtkraog
8 Zrk Epkrgso Onvgso Dgmtkro Bgnbbugn
@X< Xtgpfycehehhus Gurkus Aedocotgs Iosom 
- Zgso
Zgsokn
kn aknb
aknbkckcuf
uf nykro
nykro ↘
`om
`omgmo
gmo moro
moro skcg
skcgag
ag 7: Onvgso Mk Pucgnb
fgro. ↘
- Zgsokn aknbkcuf to`gm Estkeaykcotos
 dosg dkrlgcgn ↘
@E< Igbesotesos
 Pkrkr`g
`gppgt krkrot
otka
kagg `gn ↘
 pkadknbmgmgn pg`g mgmo Zresks Onicgagso<
 Bkrgmgn mgmo tkrdgtgs Fopkrkaog @gn
 Zkadknbmgmgn
Mkmugtgn etet ↘
 

Ne. @gtg Xudlkmtoi Ktoecebo Agsgcgf

kmstrkaotgs dgwgf 0/; Zknonbmgtgn Lgronbgn
 Iosom pgsokn tgapgm  Omgt Zg`g Pucgnb
ckagf ↘
skn`o   Osmkaog @gn Nkmresos
 Pkr`gpgt mkmgmugn skn`o

Pucgnb
↘
Zkadkntumgn Gdsks
↘
Zkrbkrgmgn Mgmo
Pkrdgtgs
↘
Bgnbbugn Aedocotgs
Iosom 
0 Zrk Epkrgso Onvgso Dgmtkro Gnsoktgs
@X< Xtgpfycehehhus Gurkus
- Zg
Zgso
sokn
kn ak
aknb
nbkc
kcuf
uf tgm
tgmut
ut ↘
`ocgmumgn epkrgso Onvgso Mk
↘ Pucgnb
- Zgsokn akngnygmgn
 dkrgpg cgag wgmtu Estkeaykcotos
epkrgso dkrcgnbsunb ↘
@E< Igbesotesos
 Zgsokn tgapgm hkags `gn ↘
 puhgt Zresks Onicgagso<
 Zgsokn tgapgm to`gm  Fopkrkaog @gn
iemus Zkadknbmgmgn
 Xmgcg hkags pgsokn 8 (:- ↘
;) Epkrgso Doepso Pucgnb
 Tksporgso pgsokn ↘
aknonbmgt (44x/ant) Zgsokn tgapgm hkags
`gn bkcosgf gmgn
`oepkrgso
↘
Gnsoktgs
; Ontrg Epkrgso Onvgso Dgmtkro Tksome Onikmso
@X< -. Mglo mkcufgn ygnb Xtgpfycehehhus Gurkus
`orgsgmgn pgsokn.  ↘
@E< Onvgso Mk Pucgnb
 Pkr`gpgt cumg tkrdumg ↘
 pg`g mgmo moro pgsokn Estkeaykcotos
mgrkng sk`gnb `ocgmumgn ↘
 doepso tucgnb Igbesotesos
 

Ne. @gtg Xudlkmtoi Ktoecebo Agsgcgf

↘
Zresks Onicgagso<
Fopkrkaog @gn
Zkadknbmgmgn

↘ Pucgnb
Epkrgso Doepso
↘
Mkrusgmgn Lgronbgn `gn
vgsmuckr 
↘
Zert `k kntry
↘
Dkrksome onvgso dgmtkro
↘
Tksome Onikmso
9 Zest Epkrgso Onvgso Dgmtkro  Nykro Gmut
@X< Zgsokn
`omgmo moro. aknbkcuf nykro
Xtgpfycehehhus Gurkus
↘
Onvgso Mk Pucgnb
@E< ↘
 Zgsokn tgapgm bkcosgf, Estkeaykcotos
akronbos `gn iemus pg`g ↘
grkg nykro Igbesotesos
 Zgsokn pest-ep doepso ↘
tucgnb Zresks Onicgagso<
 Xmgcg 2 (:-7:) Fopkrkaog @gn
  Nykro ygnb `orgsgmgn Zkadknbmgmgn
 dkr`knyut-`knyut ↘
  Nykro `orgsgmgn Epkrgso Doepso Pucgnb
tkrutgag pg`g grkg cumg ↘
 Xggt ostorgfgt nykro tktgp Mkrusgmgn Lgronbgn `gn
`orgsgmgn Xkc

↘
Zkckpgsgn Ak`ogter 
 Nykro (Fostgaon,
Drg`omonon,
Zrestgbcgn`on,
Xkretenon, Oen Mgcoua,
@cc)
↘
Akrgnbsgnb Nesoskpter 
 

Ne. @gtg Xudlkmtoi Ktoecebo Agsgcgf

↘
@ofgntgrmgn Xkrgdut
Popk G Bgaag @gn
Xkrgdut Popk H

Ak`uccg↘Xpongcos
↘
Etgm (Mertkms
Xeagtesknserom)
↘
Zkrskpso Nykro
↘
 Nykro Gmut
2 Zest Epkrgso Onvgso Dgmtkro Tksome Onikmso
Xtgpfycehehhus Gurkus
@X< -. Mglo mkcufgn ygnb
↘
`orgsgmgn pgsokn.
@E< Onvgso Mk
↘ Pucgnb
Estkeaykcotos
 Zgsokn pest ep doepso
↘
tucgnb
Igbesotesos
Pkr`gpgt cumg pest ep dopso ↘
tucgnb pg`g mgmo moro pgsokn
Zresks Onicgagso<
Fopkrkaog @gn
Zkadknbmgmgn
↘
Epkrgso Doepso Pucgnb
↘
Mkrusgmgn Lgronbgn `gn
Xkc
↘
Zert `k kntry
↘
Zkrwgtgn cumg pest ep
to`gm `ocgmsgngmgn
`knbgn stkroc
↘
Tksome Onikmso

H. @OGBNEXG MKZKTGRGPGN ZTKEZKTGXO

 

@ogbne
@ogbnesg
sg mkpkrgw
mkpkrgwgtgn
gtgn ygnb
ygnb aun
aunhuc
huc akn
aknuru
urutt Xtgn`g
Xtgn`grr @ogbne
@ogbnesos
sos Mkpkrg
Mkpkrgwgt
wgtgn
gn
On`enksog pg`g pgsokn ono g`gcgf dkromut.
7. Nykr
Nykroo Gm
Gmut
ut d.`
d.` Gb
Gbkn
kn hk
hk`k
`krg
rg Do
Doec
eceb
ebos
os<< On
Onic
icga
gags
gsoo gmod
gmodgt
gt Zres
Zresks
ks pkny
pknygm
gmot
ot
Estkeaykcotos

4. Fopkrtkraog d.` Zresks pknygmot Estkeaykcotos  gmod

gmodgt
gt on
onikm
ikmso
so dgmt
dgmtkr
kroo
Xtgpfycehehhus Gurkus
8. Bgnbbu
Bgnbbugn
gn Aedocotg
Aedocotgss Ios
Iosom
om d.` Mkru
Mkrusgm
sgmgn
gn Ontkb
Ontkbrotg
rotgss Xtrumt
Xtrumtur
ur Pucgn
Pucgnbb gmodgt
gmodgt
Zkadkntumgn Gdsks `o Pucgnb pg`g Zknygmot Estkeaykcotos
0. Gnso
Gnsokt
ktgs
gs d.`
d.` Mr
Mros
osos
os Xotu
Xotugs
gsoe
oeng
ngcc Zr
Zrk-
k-Ep
Epkrg
krgso
so Do
Doep
epso
so Pucg
Pucgnb
nb pg`g
pg`g Zkny
Zknygm
gmot
ot
Estkeaykcotos

@. @OGBNEXG MKZKTGRGPGN ONPTG EZKTGXO

@ogbne
@ogbnesg
sg mkpkrgw
mkpkrgwgtgn
gtgn ygnb
ygnb aun
aunhuc
huc akn
aknuru
urutt Xtgn`g
Xtgn`grr @ogbne
@ogbnesos
sos Mkpkrg
Mkpkrgwgt
wgtgn
gn

On`enksog pg`g pgsokn ono g`gcgf dkromut.

;. Tksome
Tksome Onikmso
Onikmso d.` Pon`gmgn
Pon`gmgn on
onvgsoi
vgsoi Doe
Doepso
pso Puc
Pucgnb
gnb pg`g
pg`g Zgsokn `knbgn
`knbgn Zknygmot
Zknygmot
Estkeaykcotos
K. @OGBNEXG MKZKTGRGPGN ZEXPEZKTGXO
@ogbne
@ogbnesg
sg mkpkrgw
mkpkrgwgtgn
gtgn ygnb
ygnb aun
aunhuc
huc akn
aknuru
urutt Xtgn`g
Xtgn`grr @ogbne
@ogbnesos
sos Mkpkrg
Mkpkrgwgt
wgtgn
gn
On`enksog pg`g pgsokn ono g`gcgf dkromut.
9. Nykro Gmut d.`
d.` Gb
Gbkn
kn hk`
hk`krg
krg Ioso
Iosom<
m< Zre
Zresk`ur
sk`ur Epkrgso
Epkrgso Doep
Doepso
so Pucgnb
Pucgnb
2. Tksome
Tksome Onikmso
Onikmso d.` Pon`
Pon`gmg
gmgnn onv
onvgso
gsoii Zes
Zestt Doepso
Doepso Puc
Pucgnb
gnb pg`g
pg`g Zgs
Zgsokn
okn `knb
`knbgn
gn
Zknygmot Estkeaykcotos
 

YO.
YO. ONPK
ONPKTY
TYKN
KNXO
XO MK
MKZK
ZKTG
TGRG
RGPG
PGN
N
 Ngag Zgsokn < Pn. @ Tugnbgn < Mkaunonb
 Ne. Ak`rkm < 880:?6 @ogbnesg Ak`os < Estkeaykcotos
Ne Agsgcgf Mkpkrgwgtgn Pulugn Ontkrvknso Mkpkrgwgtgn Tgsoengc
7 Nykro Gmut d.` Gbkn hk`krg Pulugn<  Agnglkakn Nykro 
Doecebos< Onicgagso gmodgt Zresks Xktkcgf `ocgmumgn ton`gmgn Edskrvgso<
 pknygmot Estkeaykcotos mkpkrgwgtg
mkpkr skcgag 7 x - O`knt
gwgtgnn skcgag O`kntoiomg
oiomgso
so cemgso,
cemgso, mgrg
mgrgmtkro
mtkrostom,
stom, `urgs
`urgso,o, - [ntum aknbktgfuo
aknbktgfuo mgrgmgrgtkros
tkrostom
tom `gn
40 lglga
a Nykr
Nykroo Gmut
Gmut d.
d.`` irkmuknso
irkmuknso,, mugcotgs,
mugcotgs, ontkn
ontknsotgs
sotgs nykr
nykroo `gn cemg
cemgso
so ny nykr
kroo skfo
skfonb
nbbg
bg agap
agapuu
Gb
Gbkn
kn hk`k
hk`krg
rg DoDoec
eceb
ebos
os<< rkspens nykro nen vkrdgc. ak
aknk
nkau
aumgmgnn pk
pknh
nhkt
ktus
usny
nygg `g
`gnn
Oni
Onicga
cgagso
gso gmo
gmodgt
dgt Zresks
Zresks - On`kntoiomgso igmter ygnb akpkrdkrgt `gn akcg
akcgnl
nlut
utmg
mgnn ontk
ontkrv
rvkn
knso
so sksu
sksugo
go
 pknygmot Estkeaykcotos
`knbgn mrotkrog fgsoc< akapkronbgn nykro `knbgn ygnb `ogcgao pgsokn
- On`omgso pknbkruf nykro tkrfg`gp mugcotgs - [ntum aknbktgfuo `gapgm mkcufgn
- Zgso
Zgsokn
kn toto`g
`gmm skro
skronb
nb to`ur pgsokn nykro tkrf`gp mkskfgrognnyg
aknbkcuf
aknbk cuf nykro mgmo
cgbo
- Xmgc
Xmgcgg nynykr
kroo pg
pgso kn Pkrgpkutom<
sokn - Pk
Pkrg
rgpo
po ne nenn igra
igragm
gmec
eceb
eboo un
untu
tum 
m 
ronbgn `knbgn rkntgnb - Dkro Dkromg
mgnn tkrg
tkrgpo
po ne
nen-
n-ig
igra
ragm
gmec
eceb
ebos
os
aknburgnbo
aknbu rgnbo nykro ygnb `orgsgmgn
`orgsgmgn
7-8 `gro smgcg :-7: greagtkrgpo cgvkn`kr akte`k onfgcgso
 pgsokn
- Mentr
Mentrec
ec sufu rugnbgn
rugnbgn `gn pknhgfgyg
pknhgfgyggn
gn
- [ntum akadkromgn mknygagn pg`g
sksugo mkdutufgn pgsokn.
 pgsokn

K`umgso< - Gbgr pgs

Gbgr pgsokn
okn akn
aknbkt
bktgfu
gfuoo fgc-fg
fgc-fgcc
- Lkc
Lkcgsm
gsmgn
gn 4 strgtk
strgtkbo
bo akrk`g
akrk`gmgn
mgn nyk
nykro
ro ygn
ygnbb `gp
`gpgt
gt `oc
`ocgmu
gmumgn
mgn sgg
sggtt nyk
nykro
ro
(Pkrgpo Ausom `gn Greagtkrgpo Cgvkn`kr) aucgo tkrgsg cgbo
- Glgr
Glgrmgn
mgn tkmnom
tkmnom nen igrgameceb
igrgamecebos
os untum 
aknburgnbo rgsg nykro `knbgn greagtkrgpo
cgvkn`kr akte`k onfgcgso

- Gbgr `gpgt aknbgtgso

aknbgtgso nykro ygnb
Mecgdergso< `orgsgmgn pgsokn `knbgn ckdof gmurgt

- Mecgdergsomgn
Mecgdergso mgn `knbgn
`knbgn `emtkr
`emtkr pkadk
pkadkrogn
rogn `gn hkpgt
gngcbktom 

- [ntum aknbktgfuo
aknbktgfuo mkcufgn
mkcufgn skpkrto
skpkrto
 Zkrgwgtgn Mknygagn
 pg`g pgsokn sggt akrgsgmgn nykro
Edskrvgso< mktom
ktomgg to`u
to`urr skf
skfonbb
onbbgg `g `gpg
pgtt
- O`kntoiomgso bklgcg ygnb to`gm  akantumgn ontkrvknso skcgnlutnyg
akny
aknykn kngn
gnbm
bmgn
gn skpkskpkrt
rtoo ny
nykr
kroo yg
ygnb
nb
`orgsgmggn to`ur 
- Gbgr pgsokn
Gbgr pgsokn `gp
`gpgt
gt akn
aknlgc
lgcgnm
gnmgn
gn
osto
ostorg
rgfg
fgtn
tnyg
yg `k `knb
nbgn
gn dg dgom
om `g `gnn
Pkrgpkutom< nygagn
- Dkromgn pesoso ygnb nygagn - Gbgr
Gbgr pk pkrg
rgwg
wgtt `g
`gpg
pgtt akdk
akdkroromg
mgnn
- @umunb mkcugrbg tkrcodgt `gcga tkrgpo men`oso gtgu mknygagn conbmunbgn
- @osmusomgn aknbkngo sotugso `gn pocofgn sksugo ygnb `oonbgnmgn pgsokn
tkrgpo ygnb `oonbonmgn
4 Fopk
Fopkrt
rtkr
krao
aogg d.` Zres
Zresks
ks pkny
pknygm
gmot
ot Pulugn<  Agnglkakn Fopkrtkraog
Estkeaykcotos  gmod
gmodgt
gt on
onikmsoo Xktkcgf `ocgmumgn ton`gmgn Edskrvgso<
ikms
 dgmtkro Xtgpfycehehhus Gurkus mkpkrgwgtg
mkpkrgwgtgnn skcgag
skcgag 7 x - O`kntoiomgso pknykdgd fopkrtkraog - [ntu
[ntumm ak
aknb
nbkt
ktgf
gfuo
uo pk
pkny
nykd
kdgd
gd
40 lg
lga
a FoFopk
pkrt
rtkr
krao
aogg d.
d.`` - Aenoter sufu tuduf fopkrtkaog skfonbbg dosg
Zresks pknygmot - Aenoter meapcomgso gmodgt fopkrtkraog aknkntumgn ton`gmgn skcgnlutnyg
Estkeaykcotos  gmodgt - [nt
[ntum
um akn
aknbkt
bktgfu
gfu pku
pkudgf
dgfgn
gn `gn
onikmso dgmtkro  pkrmkadgnb gn sufu pgsokn
Xtg
Xtgpfy
pfyceh
cehehh
ehhus
us Gurkus
Gurkus - [ntu
[ntumm ak
aknh
nhkb
kbgf
gf tkrl
tkrlg`
g`on
onyg
yg
`g
`gpg
pgtt tk tkrg
rgtg
tgso
so,, `k
`knb
nbgn
gn meapcomgso cgnlutgn
mrotkrog fgsoc<
- Zgsokn to`gm aknbkcuf Pkrgpkutom< - [ntu
[ntumm ak
akn`
n`um
umun
unbb up
upgy
gygg
`kaga - Xk`ogmgn conbmunbgn ygnb `onbon
aknurunmgn sufu pgsokn
- Xufu
Xufu PuduPuduff (89,
(89,;-
;- - Cenbbgrmgn pgmgogn - [ntu
[ntumm ak
aknononb
nbmg
mgtm
tmgn
gn pr
pres
esks
ks
82,;) - Dkromg
Dkromgnn meaprks
meaprks fgn
fgnbgt
bgt pg`g
pg`g dgb
dgbogn
ogn  pknbugpgn gmodgt pgngs tuduf
 

 pkraumggn tuduf  pgsokn

- Pk
Pkrg
rgpo
po ne
neni
nigr
grag
agme
mece
cebo
bo un
untu
tum 
m 
akadgntu aknurunmgn pgngs tuduf
 pgsokn
- [ntum aknburgnbo pkagmgogn knkrbo
K`umgso<
 pgsokn
- Gnlurmgn torgf dgronb
- [ntum akn
[ntum aknbgn
bgntos
tosopg
opgso
so tkrlg`
tkrlg`ony
onygg
Mecgdergso
`kfo`rgso gmodgt `kaga pg`g pgsokn
- Mecgdergso pkadkrogn hgorgn `gn kckmtrecot
ontrgvkng, lomg pkrcu.
8 Bgnbbugn Aedocotgs Iosom d.` Pulugn<  @umunbgn Gaducgso 
Mkr
Mkrusg
usgmgn
mgn Ontkbr
Ontkbrotg
otgss Xtr
Xtrumt
umtur 
ur  Xktkcgf `ocgmumgn ton`gmgn Edskrvgso<
Pucg
Pucgnb
nb gmod
gmodgt
gt Zkad
Zkadknkntu
tumg
mgnn mkpkrgwgtgn skcgag 4 x 40 - O`knt O`kntoiomg
oiomgso
so g`gnyg
g`gnyg nykro gtgu mkcufgn
mkcufgn - [ntu
[ntumm aknb
aknbkt
ktgf
gfuo
uo gpgpgm
gmgf
gf g` g`gg
Gdskss `o Pucgnb pg`g Zknygmot
Gdsk Zknygmot  lga Bgnbbugn Aedocotgs iosom cgonnyg mkcufgn ygnb `orgsgmgn pgsokn ygnb
Estkeaykcotos Ioso
Iosomm d. d.`` Mk Mkrrusg
usgmg
mgnn - O`k O`knto
ntoiom
iomgso
gso tec
teckrg
krgnso
nso iosom
iosom akc
akcgmu
gmumgn
mgn  pkrcu `otgnbgno
Ontkbrotgs Xtrumtur Pucgnb gaducgso - [ntum aknbktgfuo
aknbktgfuo gpgmgf
gpgmgf mkcufgn
mkcufgn
gmodgt Zkadkntumgn Gdsks - Aenot Aenoterer irkmuknso
irkmuknso lgntunb
lgntunb `gn tkmgngn
tkmgngn  pgsokn dkrpknbgruf pg`g pkrbkrgm 
`o Pucgnb
Pucgnb pg`g Zknygmot
Zknygmot `grgf skdkcua akaucgo gaducgso `gngtgu skcgag gmtovotgs pgsokn
Estkeaykcotos  `gpgt -   [ntu
[ntumm ak
aknb
nbhr
hrbg
bgff tkrl
tkrlg`
g`oo
tkrgtg
tkrgtgso,
so, `kn
`knbgn
bgn mro
mrotkr
tkrog
og  pkrdurumgn men`oso pgsokn sktgcgf
fgsoc< gaducgso
- Zgsokn agapu
 dkrlgcgn `knbgn
au`gf
- Zsso
Zssokn
kn agap
agapuu `g ro Pkrgpkutom<
`gro - [ntum
[nt um aknbur
aknburgnb
gnboo mkaunb
mkaunbmon
mongn
gn
tkapgt to`ur mk mgagr  - Igsocotgso akcgmumgn
akcgmumgn aedocotgs
aedocotgs iosom, lomg
tkrlg`
tkrlg`ony
onygg hk`krg
hk`krg skc
skcgag
gag pgs
pgsokn
okn
agn`o  pkrcu akaucgo gaducgso
- Zgsokn agapu - Igsocotgso gaducgso `knbgn gcgt dgntu (aos. - [ntum
[nt um akau`g
akau`gfmg
fmgnn pgs
pgsokn
okn sggt
sggt
aknb
aknbbkbkrg
rgmg
mgnn mg
mgmo
mo  ponbbor tkapgt to`ur, tognb oniusgn) akadutufmgn gcgt ygnb akn`umunb
`knbgn ckcugsg - Dkromgn tkrgpo cgtofgn TEA Gmtoi, skrtg

- Codgtmgn mkcugrbg untum akadgntu pgsokn  pgsokn skcgag gaducgso

`gcga aknonbmgtmgngaducgso - Gbg
Gbgrr mkagap
mkagapugn
ugn gad
gaducg
ucgso
so pg`
pg`gg
 pgsokn ckdof hkpgt aknonbmgt gpgdocg
`ocg
`ocgmu
mumg
mgnn `k
`knb
nbgn
gn `u
`umu
munb
nbgn
gn
K`umgso< mkcugrbg
- Glgrmgn akcgcmumgn aedocosgso sk`krfgng
ygn
ygnbb fgrus
fgrus `oc
`ocgmu
gmumgn
mgn (`u`um
(`u`um `ok `okapg
apgtt - [ntum aknonbmgtm
aknonbmgtmgngn mkagapugn
mkagapugn
to`
to`ur,
ur, tur
turun
un `gro
`gro tkapgt
tkapgt to`
to`ur,
ur, `u`
`u`um 
um  gad
gaducg
ucgso
so pgsokn
pgsokn skh
skhgrg
grg agn`or
agn`oroo
`omurso, lgcgn mk mgagr agn`o) skcgag `o rugnb rgwgt
- Glgrmgn tkmnom cgtofgn TEA Gmtoi 
- [ntum aknon
aknonbmgtg
bmgtgmgn
mgn mkagapugn
mkagapugn
etet, pkrbkrmgn
pkrbkrmgn kmstkraotg
kmstkraotgs,
s, skrtg
rkntgnb bkrgm ygnb `gpgt `ocgmumgn
 pgsokn
0 Gnsok
nsoktg
tgss d.`
d.` Mroso
rososs Xotu
Xotugs
gsoe
oeng
ngcc Pulugn<  Tk`umso Gnsoktgs
Zrk-Epkrg
Zrk-Epkrgso
so Doepso Pucgnb pg`g Xktkcgf `ocgmumgn ton`gmgn Edskvgso<
Doepso Pucgnb
Zknygmot Estkeaykcotos mkpkrgwgtgn skcgag 4 x 40 - O`kn O`knto
toio
iomg
mgso
so mk
mkag
agap apug
ugnn aknb
aknbga
gado
docc - [ntum aknykcksgomgn agsgcgf gtgu
 lga Gnsoktgs d.` Mrosos mkputusgn akapkrmkhoc agsgcgf
Xot
Xotugs
ugsoen
oengc
gc Zrk-Ep
Zrk-Epkrg so Pkrgpkutom<
krgso
Do
Doep
epsso Puc
ucgn
gnbb pg`g - Pkag
pg`g Pkagno no pg pgso
sokn
kn un untu
tumm ak
aknb
nbur
urgn
gnbo
bo - [ntu
[ntumm aknb
aknbur
urgn
gnbo
bo mkmkhk
hkag
agsg
sgnn
Zknygmot Estkeaykcotos mkhkagsgn. Lomg akaunbmonmgn  pgsokn
`g
`gpg
pgtt tktkrg
rgtg
tgso
so,, `k
`knb gn - Bun
nbgn Bungmg
gmgnn pkn
pkn`km
`kmgtg
gtgnn ygn
ygnbb tkngnb
tkngnb `gn - [ntum `gpgt aknyogpmgn `umunbgn
mrotkrog fgsoc< akygmonmgn `gn dgntugn dgbo pgsokn
- Zgsokn agapu - Zgf Zgfgao
gao sot
sotugs
ugsoo ygn
ygnbb akadug
akadugtt gnsgnsokt
oktgs
gs - [ntum akagfgao mkg`ggn pgsokn
aknbentrec hkags `knbgrmgn `knbgn pknuf pkrfgtogn - [ntum akadkromgn aetovgso mkpg`g
- Xmgc
Xmgcgg hkag
hkag pgpgsokn - Aeto
sokn Aetovgso
vgso aknbo`knto
aknbo`kntoiomgs
iomgsoo sotugso
sotugso ygnb  pgsokn `gcga aknbfg`gpo sotugso
aknurun aknlg`o : akaohu mkhkagsgn `oskmotgr 
- Zgso
Zgsokn
kn aknb
aknbkt
ktgf uo K`umgso<
gfuo
epkrgso gpg ygnb gmgn - Gnlurmgn mkcugrbg untum tktgp dkrsgag - [nt
[ntum
um aknunl
aknunlgnb
gnb mkd
mkdkrf
krfgso
gsocgn
cgn
`ocgmumgn pg`gnyg aknkngnbmgn pgsokn
Pkrgpo Tkcgmsgso 
Edskvgso<
 

- O`k
O`knto
ntoiom
iomgso
gso pkn
pknuru
urungn
ngn tonbmg
tonbmgtt knkrbo
knkrbo,, - [nt
[ntum
um aknbtg
aknbtgfuo
fuo men
men`os
`osoo pgsokn
pgsokn
mkt
mkto`g
o`gmag
magapu
apugn
gn dkrmen
dkrmenskn
skntrg
trgso,
so, gtgu
gtgu gbgr dosg akntumg tkrgpo rkcgmsgso
bklgcg cgon ygnb aknbbgnbbu mebnotoi  ygnb hehem untum pgsokn
- O`kntoiomg
O`kntoiomgso
so tkmnom
tkmnom rkcgmsgso
rkcgmsgso ygnb pkrngf
pkrngf - Gbgr dosg aknbtgso hkags `knbgn
kikmtoi `obungmgn hkpgt `gn kikmtoi 
Pkrgpkutom<
- Bungmgn pgmgogn cenbbgr  - [ntum aknburgno mktkbgngn
mktkbgngn psokn
- Bungmgn
Bung mgn rkcg
rkcgmsgso
msgso greag
greagtkrg
tkrgpo
po cgvkn`kr 
cgvkn`kr  `gn aknaknonb
onbmgt
mgtmgn
mgn mkn
mknyga
ygagng
gngnn
akte`k onfgcgso  pgsokn
- [ntu
[ntumm anbk
anbktgtgso
so hkag
hkagss pg
pgso
sokn
kn
`knbgn nen igragmecebo

K`umgso<
- Lkcgsmgn tulugn, agniggt, dgtgsgn, `gn lknos - Gbgr pgsokn aknbtgfuo omau gtgu
rkcg
rkcgmsgso
msgso greag tkrgpo
tkrgpo cgvkn`kr
cgvkn`kr akte`k
akte`k  presk`ur `gro tkrgpo rkcgmsgso ygnb
onfgcgso skhgrg ronho `odkromgn
- Gn
Gnlulurm
rmgn
gn skro
skronb
nb aknb
aknbuc
ucgn
gnbo
bo tkrg
tkrgpo
po - Gbg
Gbgrr pgsokn
pgsokn aga
agapupu aknbgt
aknbgtgso
gso
rkc
rkcgms
gmsgso
gso `kn
`knbgn
bgn gre
greagt
agtkrg
krgpo
po cgv
cgvkn`
kn`kr 
kr  hkagsnyg `knbgn kikmtoi 
akte`k onfgcgso

; Tksome Onikmso d.` Pon`gmgn Xktkcgf `ocgmumgn ton`gmgn  Zknhkbgfgn Onikmso 

onvg
onvgso
soff Doep
Doepsoso Pucg
Pucgnb
nb pg
pg`g
`g mkpkrgwgtgn skcgag 7 x 40 Edskrvgso
Zgsokn `knbgn Zknygmot  lga Tksome Onikmso d.` - Aenoter tgn`g `gn bklgcg onikmso cemgc `gn - [ntum aknbktgfuo
aknbktgfuo gpgmgf
gpgmgf pgsokn
pgsokn
Estkeaykcotos  Mkto`gmg`k
Mkto` gmg`kmugtg
mugtgnn pkrtg-
pkrtg- sostkaom  aknunlumgn bklgcg onikmso
fg
fgng
ngnn tu tudu
duff skmu
skmun`
n`kr 
kr 
`otgn`go `knbgn pknurungn Pkrgpkutom 
Fd= Zgsokn `knbgn - Dkrom
Dkromgngn pkrgwgtgn
pkrgwgtgn cumg `knbgn
`knbgn pronsop
pronsop - [nt
[ntum
um aknhkb
aknhkbgf
gf mkaunb
mkaunbmon
mongn
gn
Zknygmot Estkeaykcotos stkroc tkrlg`
tkrlg`ony
onygg oni
onikms
kmsoo gmodgt
gmodgt pre
presks
sks
`g
`gpg
pgtt tktkrg
rgtg
tgso
so,, `k
`knb
nbgn
gn - Huho tgnbgn skdkcua `gn sksu`gf mentgm   doepso pgsokn
mrotkrog fgsoc< `knbgn pgsokn `gn conbmunbgn pgsokn - [ntum aknhkbgf tkrlg`onyg
tkrlg`onyg onvg
onvgso
so
- Pkmnom stkroc `gpgt `o

 pkrtgfgnmgn skcgag  dgmtkro `gn muagn

 pkadk`gfgn
- Po`gm tkrlg`o
 pknurungn Fd ygnb
sobnoiomgn
sobnoiomgn sgapgo 36
ab/ `C
9 Nykro Gmut d.` Gbkn hk`krg Pulugn<  Agnglkakn Nykro 
Iosom<< Zresk`ur
Iosom Zresk`ur eEpkrgso Doepso Xktkcgf `ocgmumgn ton`gmgn Edskrvgso<
eEpkrgso Doepso
Pucgnb mkpkrgwgtg
mkpkr skcgag 8 x - O`knt
gwgtgnn skcgag O`kntoiomg
oiomgso
so cemgso,
cemgso, mgrg
mgrgmtkro
mtkrostom, `urgso,o, - [ntum aknbktgfuo
stom, `urgs aknbktgfuo mgrg mgrgtkros
tkrostom
tom `gn
40 lglga
a Nykr
Nykroo Gmut
Gmut d.d.`` irkmuknso
irkmuknso,, mugcotgs,
mugcotgs, ontkn
ontknsotgs
sotgs nykr
nykroo `gn cemg
cemgso
so ny nykr
kroo skfo
skfonb
nbbg
bg agap
agapuu
Gb
Gbkn
kn hk`khk`krg
rg Do Doec
eceb
ebos
os<< rkspens nykro nen vkrdgc. ak
aknk
nkau
aumgmgnn pk
pknh
nhkt
ktus
usny
nygg `g
`gnn
Oni
Onicga
cgagso
gso gmo
gmodgt
dgt Zresks
Zresks - On`kntoiomgso igmter ygnb akpkrdkrgt `gn akcg
akcgnlnlut
utmg
mgnn ontk
ontkrv
rvkn
knso
so sksu
sksugo
go
 pknygmot Estkeaykcotos akapkronbgn nykro `knbgn ygnb `ogcgao pgsokn
`knbgn mrotkrog fgsoc< - On`omgso pknbkruf nykro tkrfg`gp mugcotgs - [ntum aknbktgfuo `gapgm mkcufgn
- Zgso
Zgsokn
kn toto`g
`gmm skro
skronb
nb to`ur pgsokn nykro tkrf`gp mkskfgrognnyg
aknbkcuf
aknbk cuf nykro mgmo
cgbo
- Xmgc
Xmgcgg nynykr
kroo pg
pgso kn Pkrgpkutom<
sokn - Pk
Pkrg
rgpo
po ne nenn igraigragmgmec
eceb
eboo ununtu
tum 
m 
ronbgn `knbgn rkntgnb - Mentr Mentrecec sufu rugnbgn
rugnbgn `gn pknhgfgyg
pknhgfgyggn gn
aknburgnbo
aknbu rgnbo nykro ygnb `orgsgmgn`orgsgmgn
7-8 `gro smgcg :-7: sksugo mkdutufgn pgsokn.
 pgsokn
- [ntum akadkromgn mknygagn pg`g
K`umgso<  pgsokn
- Glgr
Glgrmgn
mgn tkmnom
tkmnom nen igrgameceb
igrgamecebos os untum 
akn
aknbur
burgnb
gnboo rgsg
rgsg nyk
nykro
ro `kn
`knbgn tkrgpo - Gbg
bgn tkrgpo Gbgrr pgspgsokn
okn akn aknbkt
bktgfu
gfuoo fgc-fg
fgc-fgcc
rkcgmsgso ngigs `gcga ygn
ygnbb `gp
`gpgt
gt `oc`ocgmu
gmumgn
mgn sggsggtt nyk
nykro
ro
aucgo tkrgsg cgbo
Mecgdergso<
- Mecgd
Mecgdergso
ergsomgn
mgn `knbgn
`knbgn `emtkr
`emtkr pkadk
pkadkrogn
rogn
gngcbktom  - Gbgr `gpgt aknbgtgso
aknbgtgso nykro ygnb
`orgsgmgn pgsokn `knbgn ckdof gmurgt
 

`gn hkpgt
 Zkrgwgtgn Mknygagn
Edskrvgso<
- O`kntoiomgso bklgcg ygnb to`gm 
akny
aknykn kngn
gnbm
bmgn
gn skpkskpkrt
rtoo ny
nykr
kroo yg
ygnb
nb - [ntum aknbktgfuo
aknbktgfuo mkcufgn
mkcufgn skpkrto
skpkrto
`orgsgmggn to`ur   pg`g pgsokn sggt akrgsgmgn nykro
mktom
ktomgg to`u
to`urr skf
skfonbb
onbbgg `g `gpg
pgtt
akantumgn ontkrvknso skcgnlutnyg
Pkrgpkutom<
- Dkromgn pesoso ygnb nygagn - Gbgrr pgsokn
Gbg pgsokn `gp
`gpgt
gt akn
aknlgc
lgcgnm
gnmgn
gn
- @umunb mkcugrbg tkrcodgt `gcga tkrgpo osto
ostorg
rgfg
fgtn
tnyg
yg `k `knb
nbgn
gn dgdgom
om `g `gnn
- @osmusomgn aknbkngo sotugso `gn pocofgn nygagn
tkrgpo ygnb `oonbonmgn - Gbgrr pkrgwg
Gbg pkrgwgtt `gp
`gpgt
gt akadkr
akadkromg
omgnn
men`oso gtgu mknygagn conbmunbgn
sksugo ygnb `oonbgnmgn pgsokn
2 Tksome Onikmso d.` Pon`gmgn Xktkcgf `ocgmumgn ton`gmgn  Zknhkbgfgn Onikmso 
onvgsoi Zest Doepso Pucgnb pg`g mkpkrgwgtgn skcgag 8 x 40 Edskrvgso
Zgsokn `knbgn Zknygmot  lga Tksome Onikmso d.` - Aenoter tgn`g `gn bklgcg onikmso cemgc `gn - [ntum aknbktgfuo
aknbktgfuo gpgmgf
gpgmgf pgsokn
pgsokn
Estkeaykcotos Mkto`gmg`k
Mkto` gmg`kmugtg
mugtgnn pkrtg-
pkrtg- sostkaom  aknunlumgn bklgcg onikmso
fg
fgng
ngnn tu tudu
duff skmu
skmun`
n`kr 
kr 
`otgn`go `knbgn pknurungn Pkrgpkutom 
- [nt
[ntum
um aknhkb
aknhkbgfgf mkaunb
mkaunbmonmongn
gn
Fd= Zgsokn `knbgn - Dgtgso luacgf pknbunlunb
tkrlg`onyg
tkrlg`onyg onikmso
onikmso `gro conbmunbgn
conbmunbgn
Zknygmot Estkeaykcotos - Dkrom
Dkromgngn pkrgwgtgn
pkrgwgtgn cumg `knbgn
`knbgn pronsop
pronsop `gcga pgsokn agupun `gro ergnb ergnb
`g
`gpg
pgtt tktkrg
rgtg
tgso
so,, `k`knb
nbgn
gn stkroc cugr ygnb aknbunlunbo pgsokn
mrotkrog fgsoc< - Huho tgnbgn skdkcua `gn sksu`gf mentgm  - [ntum aknhkbgf tkrlg`onyg tkrlg`onyg onvg
onvgso
so
- Pkmnom stkroc `gpgt `o `knbgn pgsokn `gn conbmunbgn pgsokn  dgmtkro `gn muagn
 pkrtgfgnmgn skcgag
 pkadk`gfgn K`umgso - Gbgr pgsokn dosg aknbktgfuo tgn`g
- PPY
PPY Zgso Zgsokn
kn `g`gcg
cga
a - Lkcgsmgn tgn`g `gn bklgcg onikmso `gn bklgcg pgsokn tkrmkng onikmso
Tkntgnb Nerag - Gbg
Gbgrr pgs
pgsokn
okn agapu
agapu aknhkb
aknhkbgf
gf

- P@< 7::-74:/ 9:-
6: aaFb
- TT< 79-4: x/ant
-  N< 9:-7:: x/ant
- X< 89,;-82,; eH
- Glgrmgn hgrg aknhuho tgnbgn `knbgn dkngr onikmso `gro `oronyg skn`oro
- Gbgr pgsokn agapu akcofgt tgn`g-
tgn`g onikmso pg`g cumgnyg
 

YOO..
YOO OAZCKA
OAZCKAKNP
KNPGXO
GXO @GN
@GN K
KYG
YGC[G
C[GXO
XO MKZKTG
MKZKTGRGP
RGPGN
GN
 Ngag Zgsokn < Pn. @ Tugnbgn < Mkaunonb
 Ne. Ak`rkm < 880:?6 @ogbnesg Ak`os < Estkeaykcotos

Fgro/Pgnbbgc @x Rgmtu Oapckakntgso `gn Hgtgtgn Zkrmkadgnbgn Kvgcugso Zgrgi  

 ZTK-EZKTGPOI 
Xkcgsg  Xfoit Zgbo 
4?/74/4:4: :6.:: - Huho tgnbgn skdkcua `gn sksu`gf mentgm `knbgn @ogbnesg Mkpkrgwgtgn O
 pgsokn `gn conbmunbgn pgsokn X < - Zgsokn su`gf agapu ostorgfgt `knbgn dgom 
- Akn
Aknbuhbuhgpm
gpmgn
gn sgcga,
sgcga, sgpg
sgpg `gn dkr`eg
dkr`eg unt
untum 
um  ngaun nykronyg agsof `orgsgmgn wgcupun nykro
mkskadufgn pgsokn. ygnb `orgsgmgn mono to`gm dkrlga-lga cgagnyg.
- Xk`ogmgn rugnbgn ygnb `onbon, gtur sufu rugnbgn Zgsokn aknbgtgmgn aknyumgo greagtkrgpo ygnb
sksugo mkdutfgn pgsokn `gn agtomgn cgapu dumg `obungmgn skdgbgo tkrgpo.
torgo lkn`kcg mgagr pgsokn E < smgcg nykro 0 `gro 7:
O, OO :6.7; - Ak
Akcgcgmu
mumg
mgnn pk
pkak
akro
roms
msgg
ggnn tgtgn`
n`g-
g-tg
tgn`
n`gg votg
votgc,
c, G < Nykro Gmut dkcua tkrgtgso
 pkakromsggn iemus nykro akcoputo cemgso, Z < Ontkrvknso `ocgnlutmgn
mgrgmtkrostom, `urgso, irkmuknso, mugcotgs, ontknsotgs - Aenoter `urgso, irkmuknso, mugcotgs,
nykro `gn rkspens nykro nen vkrdgc, igmter ygnb ontknsotgs nykro `gn rkspens nykro nen
akpkrdkrgt `gn akapkronbgn nykro skrtg pknbgruf vkrdgc.
nykro tkrfg`gp
tkrfg`gp mugcotgs
mugcotgs to`ur pgsokn.
pgsokn.  Zgsokn dkcua - Dkromgn tkrgpo nen-igragmecebos
agapu to`ur `gn nykronyg agsof g`g. Xmgcg nykro greagtkrgpo cgvkn`kr kte`k onfgcgso
 pgsokn `gro :-7: g`gcgf 6. - Mentrec sufu rugnbgn `gn pknhgfgyggn
P@ 747/ 22 aaFb N 62 x/ aknot, mgagr pgsokn
T 4: x/ aknot X 82,? eH - Mecgdergso pkadkrogn gngcbksom pgshg
:6.4: - Zkadkrogn edgt Hkigzecon epkrgso
- Cenbbgrmgn pgmgogn pgsokn - Zesosomgn pgsokn fkg` up pgshg epkrgso
OO :6.0: - Dkromgn meaprks fgnbgt pg`g dgbogn pkraumggn
@ogbnesg Mkpkrgwgtgn OO
tuduf pgsokn. Meaprks fgnbgt `odkromgn pg`g grkg
X < Zgsokn aknbgtgmgn cumgnyg su`gf cgag tgm
ckfkr,, mktog
ckfkr mktogmm `gn `gfo pgsokn.
pgsokn. @odkromgn
@odkromgn skhgrg
munlunb skaduf, agmg `gro otu sgrgn `gro pkrgwgt

Fgro/Pgnbbgc @x Rgmtu Oapckakntgso `gn Hgtgtgn Zkrmkadgnbgn Kvgcugso Zgrgi  

dkrbgntogn. tkrmgot rkmeakn`gso mensuaso agmgngn tonbbo
tonbbo
- Cgmumgn pkrgwgtgn mucot pg`g grkg k`kag `knbgn mgcero `gn pretkon gmgn `otkrgpmgn.
aknbbungmgn mgon meaprks fgnbgt. E < X1 82eH.
- Ak
Aknb
nbmg
mglo
lo pk
pkny
nykd
kdgd
gd `k`kag
agaa `g`gnn gp
gpgm
gmgf g`gg G < Fopkrtkraog dkcua tkrgtgso.
gf g`
meapcomgso
meapc `kaga. Xktkcgf `opkromsg `o`gpgtmgn Z < Ontkrvknso `ocgnlutmgn
omgso `kaga.
fgsoc dgfwg pgsokn
pgsokn `kaga `omgrkn
`omgrkngmgn
gmgn presks Gsupgn aonua pgsokn aon. 6 bkcgs/fgro
 pknygmotnyg, pgsokn to`gm tkrcgcu akakrcumgn edgt  Zgsokn `ognlurmgn untum torgf dgronb
 pkrk`g `kaga `gn pkadkrogn tkrgpo hgorgn humup
`knbgn aknlgbg hgorgn pkr ergc. @ogbnesg Mkpkrgwgtgn OOO
OOO :?.:: - Aknbmglo
Aknbmg lo gpg
gpgmgf
mgf tkr`gp
tkr`gpgtgt tec
teckrg
krgnso
nso iosom sggtt X  < Zgsokn
iosom sgg Zgsokn aknbkcuf
aknbkcuf sucot dkrlg
dkrlgcgn,
cgn, pkrbkrgm
pkrbkrgmgn
gn
akcg
akcgmu
mumg
mgnn gadu
gaducgcgso
so..  Zgsokn aknbkcuf sucot  mgmo ygnb tkrdgtgs.
dkrlgcgn `gn tkrdgtgs akcgmumgn pkrbkrgmmgn. E < 
O :?.8: - Mecgdergsomgn `knbgn `emtkr pkadkrogn gngcbktom. - P@ 74:/ 26 aaFb
 Zgskon humup `odkromgn pkadkrogn tkrgpo nen -  N 22 x/ aknot
 igragmecebo. - @o`gpgtmgn fgsoc mglogn< mkmugtgn etet
:?.8; - Akakr
Akakromsg
omsg sormucgso
sormucgso pkroikr
pkroikr (aos. ng`o pkroikr,
pkroikr, kmstrkaotgs dgwgf 0/7
k`kag,
k`kag, pknpknbos
bosogn
ogn mgp
mgpock
ockr,
r, wgr
wgrng,
ng, sufu)
sufu) `gn G  < Bgnbbugn Aedocotgs Iosom dkcua tkrgtgso
akag
akagntntgu
gu gpgpgm
gmgf
gf g` g`gg mkmkcu
cufg
fgnn cgcgon
on pg pgng
ngs,
s, Z  < Ontkrvknso `ofkntomgn
mkakrgfgn, nykro gtgu dknbmgm pg`g kmstrkaotgs. Zgsokn `orkskpmgn tkrgpo untum cgtofgn
 @o`gpgtmgn fgsoc mglogn< pkadkmgmgn cemgc, gaducgso.

krotkag `gn pg`g sggt `opgcpgso tkrgs ckadut `gn @ogbnesg Mkpkrgwgtgn OY
 pgngs `oskmotgr grkg dknbmgm.
O 7:.:: - Akadkr
Aka dkromg
omgnn pes
pesoso
oso ygn
ygnbb nyg agn  Zgsokn `ogtur  X < Zgsokn lubg su`gf akrgsg ckdof tkngnb.
nygagn
tkapgtt to`urnyg
tkapg to`urnyg `knbgn
`knbgn mkpgcg
mkpgcg ygnb `otonbbomgn E < Xmgcg hkags 7 (:-;).
`otonbbomgn
G < Gnskotgs tkrgtgso
 sk`omo taknbbungmgn dgntgc.
- Aknlkcgsmg
Aknlk cgsmgnn 4 strgtkbo
strgtkbo akrk`gmgn (Pkrgpo Z < Ontkrvknso `ocgnlutmgn
akrk`gmgn nykro (Pkrgpo
Ausom `gn Greagtkrgpo Cgvkn`kr). Zgsokn akaocof   Greag
Greagtkrgp
tkrgpoo cgvkn
cgvkn`kr
`kr `ocgnlutmg
`ocgnlutmgnn sgapgo
sgapgo
 Greagtkrgpo Cgvkn`kr.
skdkcua doepso pgsokn dkrcgnsbunb
- Codgtm
Codgtmgn
gn mkc
mkcugr
ugrbg
bg tkrcod
tkrcodgt
gt `gc
`gcga
ga tkrgpo
tkrgpo `gn
`osmusomgn aknbkngo sotugso `gn pocofgn tkrgpo ygnb
 

Fgro/Pgnbbgc @x Rgmtu Oapckakntgso `gn Hgtgtgn Zkrmkadgnbgn Kvgcugso Zgrgi  

`oonbonmgn
- Aknbgl
Akn bglgrm
grmgn
gn tkmnom
tkmnom nen igr
igrgam
gamece
ecebos
bos unt
untum 
um 
77.:: aknb
aknbururgn
gnbo
bo rgsg
rgsg nynykr
kroo `k
`knb
nbgn
gn grea
greagt
gtkr
krgp
gpoo
cgvkn`kr.
O, OY 77.7: - Akadkromgn tkrgpo nen-igragmecebos greagtkrgpo
cgvkn`kr 7: aknot. Greagtkrgpo cgvkn`kr `ocgmumgn
 skcgag7: aknot `knbgn aknbbungmgn mkrtgs strop.
Xkt
Xktkcg
kcgf
f `od
`odkro
kromgn
mgn tkrgpo
tkrgpo pgsokn
pgsokn su`
su`gf
gf agapu
agapu
ost
ostorg
orgfgt
fgt `knbgn
`knbgn dgo
dgomm nga
ngaunun nykron
nykronyg
yg agsof
agsof
`orgsgmgn wgcupun nykro ygnb `orgsgmgn mono to`gm 
dkrlga-lga cgagnyg. Zgsokn aknbgtgmgn aknyumgo
greagtkrgpo ygnb `obungmgn skdgbgo tkrgpo. Xmgcg
nykro 0 `gro (:-7:) Xktkcgf `odkromgn greagtkrgpo
 pgsokn lubg su`gf akrgsg ckdof tkngnb smgcg hkags
hkags
aknurun
aknur un aknlg`o
aknlg`o 7. Aknurut
Aknurut pgsokn
pgsokn wgcgupun
wgcgupun
 sk`gnb to`gm sgmot greatkrgpo ono lubg kngm 
`ob
`obung
ungmgn
mgn tkrutg
tkrutgag
ag sgg
sggtt dkrmua
dkrmuapuc
puc `knbgn
`knbgn
mkcugrbg.
OOO 78.:: - Gnlurmgn
Gnlur mgn pgsokn untum cgtofgn
cgtofgn gaducgso.
gaducgso.  Cgtofgn
gaducgso ygnb `ocgmumgn skpkrto `u`um `gro pesoso
dkrdgronb,
dkrdgronb, `u`um mk ponbbor
ponbbor tkapgt to`ur,
to`ur, `gro
`u`um mkadgco dgronb.
78.4: - Cgmumg
Cgmumgnn pkakro
pkakromsg
msggn
gn PPY unt untum
um edsedskrv
krvgso
gso
 pknonbmgtgn gtgu pknurungn men`oso pgsokn.
pgsokn.
P@ 74:/
74:/ 26 aaFb N 22 x/ aknot
aknot
T 76 x/ aknot X 82 eH

Fgro/Pgnbbgc @x Rgmtu Oapckakntgso `gn Hgtgtgn Zkrmkadgnbgn Kvgcugso Zgrgi  

70.7:  Xfoit Xognb 
- Huho tgnbgn skdkcua `gn sksu`gf mentgm `knbgn
 pgsokn `gn conbmunbgn pgsokn
- Akn
Aknbuh
buhgpm
gpmgn
gn sgcga,
sgcga, sgpg
sgpg `gn dkr`eg
dkr`eg unt
untum 
um 
mkskadufgn pgsokn.
- Xk`ogmgn rugnbgn ygnb `onbon, gtur sufu rugnbgn
sksugo mkdutfgn pgsokn `gn agtomgn cgpu dumg torgo
O,OO 70.8:  lkn`kcg mgagr pgsokn
- Ak
Akcg
cgmu
mumg
mgnn pk pkak
akro
roms
msgg
ggnn tgtgn`
n`g-
g-tg
tgn`
n`gg votg
votgc,
c,
 pkakromsggn iemus nykro akcoputo cemgso,
mgrgmtkrostom, `urgso, irkmuknso, mugcotgs, ontknsotgs
nykro `gn rkspens nykro nen vkrdgc, igmter ygnb
akpkrdkrgt `gn akapkronbgn nykro skrtg pknbgruf
nykro tkrfg`gp
tkrfg`gp mugcotgs
mugcotgs to`ur pgsokn.
pgsokn.  Zgsokn su`gf
agapu ost
agapu ostorg
orgfgt
fgt `knbgn
`knbgn dgo
dgomm nga
ngaun
un nyk
nykron
ronyg
yg
agsof `orgsgmgn
`orgsgmgn wgcupun
wgcupun nykro ygnb `orgsgmgn
`orgsgmgn
mono to`gm dkrlga-lga cgagnyg.
P@ 747/ 22 aaFb N 62 x/ aknot
O 70.0; T 4: x/ aknot X 82,7 eH
- Akadkr
Akadkromg
omgnn pes
pesoso
oso ygn
ygnbb nyg
nygagn
agn  Zgsokn `ogtur 

7;.:: tkapgtt to`urnyg

tkapg to`urnyg `knbgn
`knbgn mkpgcg
mkpgcg ygnb `otonbbom
 sk`omotaknbbungmgn dgntgc.
`otonbbomgn
gn

- Dkromgn meaprks fgnbgt pg`g dgbogn pkraumggn

tuduf pgsokn. Meaprks fgnbgt `odkromgn pg`g grkg
ckfkr,, mktog
ckfkr mktogmm `gn `gfo pgsokn.
pgsokn. @odkromgn
@odkromgn skhgrg
OO 79.:: dkrbgntogn.
- Xesogcosgsomgn untum aonua gor ygnb humup `gn
O aknonbmgtmgn gsupgn dugf `gn sgyur 
- Akdkromgn
Akdkr omgn tkrgpo
tkrgpo nen-igragm
nen-igragmecebos
ecebos greagtkrgp
greagtkrgpoo
cgvkn`kr 7: aknot. Greagtkrgpo cgvkn`kr `ocgmumgn
79.4:
 

Fgro/Pgnbbgc @x Rgmtu Oapckakntgso `gn Hgtgtgn Zkrmkadgnbgn Kvgcugso Zgrgi  

7?.4:  skcgag7: aknot `knbgn aknbbungmgn mkrtgs strop.
 Zgsokn su`gf agapu ostorgfgt `gn nykronyg
`orgsgmgn sgnbgt ronbgn. Xmgcg 0 `gro (:-7:)
- Zkadkrogn edgt Hkigzecon
- Cgmumgn
Cgmum gn mkg`ggn
mkg`ggn uaua `gn pkakromsg
pkakromsggn
gn PPY
unt
untum
um eds
edskrv
krvgso
gso pkn
pknonb
onbmgt
mgtgn
gn gtg
gtguu pkn
pknuru
urungn
ngn
men`oso pgsokn.
P@ 74:/ 26 aaFb N 22 x/ aknot
T 76 x/ aknot X 82 eH
4:.7:
 Xfoit Agcga
- Huho tgnbgn skdkcua `gn sksu`gf mentgm `knbgn
 pgsokn `gn conbmunbgn pgsokn
- Aknbuh
Akn buhgpm
gpmgn
gn sgcga,
sgcga, sgpg
sgpg `gn dkr`eg
dkr`eg untuntum 
um 
mkskadufgn pgsokn.
OO 4:.4: - Aknbgtur sufu rugnbgn `gn fo`upmgn cgapu tutup
torgo lkn`kcg mgagr pgsokn
Tgdu, - Zkadkrogn
Zkadk rogn edgt Proakteproa
Proakteproa-Xuci
-Xucigaktf
gaktfexgz
exgzeck
eck
8:/74/4:4: 06: ab pkr ergc
- Akcgmumgn pkakromsggn tgn`g-tgn`g votgc pgsokn.
P@ 747/ 22 aaFb, N 62 x/ aknot, T 4: x/ aknot, X
OO
82,8 eH
- Akagnt
Aka gntgu
gu tgn`g
tgn`g `gn bkl
bklgcg
gcg onikms
onikmsoo cem
cemgc
gc `gn
O 4:.8:
sostkaom.  Zgsokn to`gm g`g aknunlummgn tgn`g `gn
 bklgcg onikmso.
- Aknygrgnmgn untum aknbbungmgn meaprks fgnbgt
skdkcua to`ur ....
Akadkr
Aka dkromg
omgnn pespesoso
oso ygn
ygnbb nyg
nygagn
agn  Zgsokn `ogtur 
OO ::.4:
-
tkapgtt to`urnyg
tkapg to`urnyg `knbgn
`knbgn mkpgcg
mkpgcg ygnb `otonbbom
`otonbbomgn
gn
 sk`omotaknbbungmgn dgntgc.
:9.8:

Fgro/Pgnbbgc @x Rgmtu Oapckakntgso `gn Hgtgtgn Zkrmkadgnbgn Kvgcugso Zgrgi  

- Zkadkrogn edgt Hkigzecon
- Cgmumgn
Cgmum gn mkg`ggn
mkg`ggn uaua `gn pkakromsg
pkakromsggn
gn PPY
unt
untum
um eds
edskrv
krvgso
gso pkn
pknonb
onbmgt
mgtgn
gn gtg
gtguu pkn
pknuru
urungn
ngn
men`oso pgsokn.
P@ 74:/ 26 aaFb N 22 x/ aknot
T 76 x/ aknot X 82,: eH
Tgdu,  Xfoit Zgbo 
8:/74/4:4: :6.:: - Huho tgnbgn skdkcua `gn sksu`gf mentgm `knbgn @ogbnesg Mkpkrgwgtgn O
 pgsokn `gn conbmunbgn pgsokn X < - Zgsokn su`gf agapu ostorgfgt `knbgn dgom 
- Akn
Aknbuhbuhgpm
gpmgn
gn sgcga,
sgcga, sgpg
sgpg `gn dkr`eg
dkr`eg unt
untum 
um  ngaun nykronyg agsof `orgsgmgn wgcupun nykro
mkskadufgn pgsokn. ygnb `orgsgmgn mono to`gm dkrlga-lga cgagnyg.
- Xk`ogmgn rugnbgn ygnb `onbon, gtur sufu rugnbgn Zgsokn aknbgtgmgn aknyumgo greagtkrgpo ygnb
sksugo mkdutfgn pgsokn `gn agtomgn cgapu dumg `obungmgn skdgbgo tkrgpo.
torgo lkn`kcg mgagr pgsokn E < smgcg nykro 8 `gro 7:
O, OO :6.7; - Ak
Akcgcgmu
mumg
mgnn pk
pkak
akro
roms
msgg
ggnn tgtgn`
n`g-
g-tg
tgn`
n`gg votg
votgc,
c, G < Nykro Gmut dkcua tkrgtgso
 pkakromsggn iemus nykro akcoputo cemgso, Z < Ontkrvknso `ocgnlutmgn
mgrgmtkrostom, `urgso, irkmuknso, mugcotgs, ontknsotgs - Aenoter `urgso, irkmuknso, mugcotgs,
nykro `gn rkspens nykro nen vkrdgc, igmter ygnb ontknsotgs nykro `gn rkspens nykro nen
akpkrdkrgt `gn akapkronbgn nykro skrtg pknbgruf vkrdgc.
nykro tkrfg`gp
tkrfg`gp mugcotgs
mugcotgs to`ur pgsokn.
pgsokn.  Zgsokn dkcua - Dkromgn tkrgpo nen-igragmecebos
greagtkrgpo cgvkn`kr kte`k onfgcgso
agapu to`ur `gn nykronyg agsof g`g. Xmgcg nykro - Mentrec sufu rugnbgn `gn pknhgfgyggn
 pgsokn `gro :-7: g`gcgf 8.
P@ 777/ 24 aaFb N 6: x/ aknot, mgagr pgsokn
T 72 x/ aknot X 82 eH - Mecgdergso pkadkrogn gngcbksom pgshg
OO :6.4: - Zkadkrogn edgt Hkigzecon epkrgso
- Cenbbgrmgn pgmgogn pgsokn - Zesosomgn pgsokn fkg` up pgshg epkrgso
:6.0: - Dkromgn meaprks fgnbgt pg`g dgbogn pkraumggn
@ogbnesg Mkpkrgwgtgn OO
tuduf pgsokn. Meaprks fgnbgt `odkromgn pg`g grkg
X < Zgsokn aknbgtgmgn cumgnyg su`gf cgag tgm
ckfkr,, mktog
ckfkr mktogmm `gn `gfo pgsokn.
pgsokn. @odkromgn
@odkromgn skhgrg
munlunb skaduf, agmg `gro otu sgrgn `gro pkrgwgt
dkrbgntogn.
tkrmgot rkmeakn`gso mensuaso agmgngn tonbbo
tonbbo
 

Fgro/Pgnbbgc @x Rgmtu Oapckakntgso `gn Hgtgtgn Zkrmkadgnbgn Kvgcugso Zgrgi  

- Cgmumgn pkrgwgtgn mucot pg`g grkg k`kag `knbgn mgcero `gn pretkon gmgn `otkrgpmgn.
:?.:: aknbbungmgn mgon meaprks fgnbgt. E < X1 82eH.
- Aka
Akadkr
dkromg
omgnn pes
pesoso
oso ygn
ygnbb nyg agn  Zgsokn `ogtur   < Fopkrtkraog dkcua tkrgtgso.
nygagn G
tkapgtt to`urnyg
tkapg to`urnyg `knbgn
`knbgn mkpgcg
mkpgcg ygnb `otonbbomgn Z < Ontkrvknso `ocgnlutmgn
`otonbbomgn
 sk`omot aknbbungmgn dgntgc. Gsupgn aonua pgsokn aon. 6 bkcgs/fgro
:?.8: - Akadkromgn tkrgpo nen-igragmecebos greagtkrgpo Zgsokn `ognlurmgn untum torgf dgronb
cgvkn`kr 7: aknot. Greagtkrgpo cgvkn`kr `ocgmumgn
 skcgag7: aknot `knbgn aknbbungmgn mkrtgs strop. @ogbnesg Mkpkrgwgtgn OOO
:?.8; Xkt
Xktkcg
kcgf
f `od
`odkro
kromgn
mgn tkrgpo
tkrgpo pgsokn
pgsokn su`
su`gf agapu X  < Zgsokn
gf agapu Zgsokn aknbkcuf
aknbkcuf sucot dkrlg
dkrlgcgn,
cgn, pkrbkrgm
pkrbkrgmgn
gn
ostorgfgt `knbgn dgom `gn nykro tkrgsg ckdof ronbgn mgmo ygnb tkrdgtgs.
`gro skdkcuanyg. Xmgcg nykro 4 `gro (:-7:). Zgsokn E < 
OOO 77.7:  lubg aknbgtgmgn pkrgsgnnyg aknlg`o tkngnb  - P@ 74:/ 26 aaFb
78.7;  sktogp aknbforup greag cgvkn`kr tkrskdut, smgcg 7 -  N 22 x/ aknot
(:-;). - @o`gpgtmgn fgsoc mglogn< mkmugtgn etet
- Xesogcosgsomgn cgtofgn aedocosgso  kmstrkaotgs dgwgf 0/7
- Cgmumg
Cgmumgnn pkakro
pkakromsg
msggn
gn PPY unt untum
um eds
edskrv
krvgso
gso G  < Bgnbbugn Aedocotgs Iosom dkcua tkrgtgso
 pknonbmgtgn gtgu pknurungn men`oso pgsokn.
pgsokn. Z  < Ontkrvknso `ocgnlutmgn
P@ 74:/
74:/ 2: aaFb N 24 x/ aknot
aknot Zgsokn `orkskpmgn tkrgpo untum TEA Gmtoi.
T 7? x/ aknot X 89,6 eH
70.7: @ogbnesg Mkpkrgwgtgn OY
X  < Zgs
Zgsokn
okn akn
aknbgt
bgtgmg
gmgnn pkrgsg
pkrgsgnny
nnyggaknlg`
aknlg`oo
 Xfoit Xognb  tkngnb sktogp aknbforup greag cgvkn`kr tkrskdut.
- Huho tgnbgn skdkcua `gn sksu`gf mentgm `knbgn E < Xmgcg hkags 7 (:-;).
G < Gnskotgs tkrgtgso
 pgsokn `gn conbmunbgn pgsokn
- Aknbuh
Akn buhgpm
gpmgn
gn sgcga,
sgcga, sgpg
sgpg `gn dkr`eg
dkr`eg unt um  Z < Ontkrvknso `ocgnlutmgn
untum 
mkskadufgn pgsokn.   Greagtkrgpo cgvkn`kr `ocgnlutmgn sgapgo
- Xk`ogmgn rugnbgn ygnb `onbon, gtur sufu rugnbgn skdkcua doepso pgsokn dkrcgnsbunb
O 70.8:
sksugo mkdutfgn pgsokn `gn agtomgn cgpu dumg torgo
 lkn`kcg mgagr pgsokn
- Ak
Akcg
cgmu
mumg
mgnn pkpkak
akro
roms
msgg
ggnn tg
tgn`
n`g-
g-tg
tgn`
n`gg votg
votgc,
c,

Fgro/Pgnbbgc @x Rgmtu Oapckakntgso `gn Hgtgtgn Zkrmkadgnbgn Kvgcugso Zgrgi  

 pkakromsggn iemus nykro akcoputo cemgso,
mgrgmtkrostom, `urgso, irkmuknso, mugcotgs, ontknsotgs
nykro `gn rkspens nykro nen vkrdgc, igmter ygnb
akpkrdkrgt `gn akapkronbgn nykro skrtg pknbgruf
nykro tkrfg`gp
tkrfg`gp mugcotgs
mugcotgs to`ur pgsokn.
pgsokn.  Zgsokn su`gf
agapu ost
agapu ostorg
orgfgt
fgt `knbgn
`knbgn dgo
dgomm nga
ngaun
un nyk
nykron
ronyg
yg
agsof `orgsgmgn wgcupun nykro ygnb su`gf tkrgsg
70.0; ronbgn.
P@ 747/ 22 aaFb N 62 x/ aknot
T 4: x/ aknot X 82,7 eH
- Akadkr
Akadkromg
omgnn pes
pesoso
oso ygn
ygnbb nyg
nygagn
agn  Zgsokn `ogtur 
tkapgtt to`urnyg
tkapg to`urnyg `knbgn
`knbgn mkpgcg
mkpgcg ygnb `otonbbom
`otonbbomgn
gn
OO 7;.::  sk`omotaknbbungmgn dgntgc.
- Dkromgn meaprks fgnbgt pg`g dgbogn pkraumggn
79.:: tuduf pgsokn. Meaprks fgnbgt `odkromgn pg`g grkg
ckfkr,, mktog
ckfkr mktogmm `gn `gfo pgsokn.
pgsokn. @odkromgn
@odkromgn skhgrg
dkrbgntogn.
- Xesogcosgsomgn untum aonua gor ygnb humup `gn
aknonbmgtmgn gsupgn dugf `gn sgyur 
- Akdkromgn
Akdkr omgn tkrgpo
tkrgpo nen-igragm
nen-igragmecebos
ecebos greagtkrgp
greagtkrgpoo
79.4:
O,OO 72.:: cgvkn`kr 7:
 skcgag7: aknot.
aknot
 Greagtkrgpo cgvkn`kr `ocgmumgn
`knbgn aknbbungmgn mkrtgs strop.
 Zgsokn aknbgtgmgn su`gf agapu akaucgo to`ur 
7?.4: `knbgn dgom `gn nykronyg `orgsgmgn sgnbgt ronbgn.
Xmgc
Xmgcg
g 4 `g
`gro
ro (:-7:
(:-7:)) Zgso
Zgsokn
kn aknbg
aknbgtg
tgmg
mgn
n
 pkrgsgnnyg aknlg`o tkngnb sktogp aknbforup
greag cgvkn`kr tkrskdut. Xmgcg 7 (:-;).
- Zkadkrogn edgt Hkigzecon
- Aknbme
Akn bmenio
niorag
ragso
so lg`wgc
lg`wgc `kn
`knbgn
bgn pgsokn
pgsokn unt
untum 
um 
`ocgmumgn doepso tucgnb pg`g agcga fgro.