RF@KMÅG CGMKFCG@ LJ@

RJQß

J]MZJ@G CGMKFCG@ JJ]\R-RCR-RR

LJ DFQEGMKFC RQFDJ]KFCG@

GQJ.GGK. RF@KMKG@-RCR

\QGAG
\Q GAGOF
OF GR@
GR@KMG
KMG\KT
\KTFF IQZ
IQZRG
RG@
@

ZCKLGL LKLGM\KMG?
\JEG ?

LFMJC\J ?

JWZKRF C¿ ?

KC\JIQGC\J] ?

 C² LJ   CF\G]
FQLJC   IQGLF GRJ@@KLF] [ CFEAQJ] J@GA
J@GA.. ]Z
]Z]\
]\.. RQ
RQFE
FEJL
JLKF
KF

DJMNG JC\QJIG?
 

KCLKMJ
MGQG\Z@G

KC\QFLZMMKFC

EGQMF \JFQKMF

GCG@K]K]

MFCM@Z]KFCJ]

QJMFEJCLGMKFCJ]

AKA@KFIQGDKG

GCJ^F]

KC\QFLZMMKFC
 

Rfr ag`åstkmg (lj` ir.

ir. ag'``jkc,
 ag'``jkc, "`gczgr") sj jctkjclj j` jstulkf mkjctådkmf (dåskmg
(dåskmg   y quåekmg)
quåekmg) lj
tf
tflf
lf `f rj
rj`g
`gtk
tkvf
vf g` efvk
efvkek
ekjc
jctf
tf lj `fs
`fs prfyjmtk`js 
prfyjmtk`js   (ag`gs,
ag`gs, af
afea
eags
gs lj
irgvjlgl, mfnjtjs,
mfnjtjs, eksk`js
eksk`js ag`åstkm
ag`åstkmfs
fs,, jtm)
jtm).. @g ag`åstkmg dfrjcsj 
dfrjcsj  js ft
ftrg
rg lk
lksmk
smkp`k
p`kcg
cg qu
quj
j

jstulkg mkjrtfs gspjmtfs tëmckmfs lj `fs prfyjmtk`js, y sus jdjmtfs sfarj tjoklfs akf`ýikmfs,
y su kctjrgmmkýc mfc ftrfs faojtfs mfc j` dkc lj` jsm`grjmkekjctf lj prjsuctfs lj`ktfs.

@g Ag`åstkmg js `g Mkjcmkg quj tkjcj pfr faojtf j` mç`mu`f lj` g`mgcmj y lkrjmmkýc lj `fs
prfyjmtk`js88 Js Mkjcmkg pfr quj dfreg uc gutëctkmf mujrpf
prfyjmtk`js mujrpf lj lfmtrkcg sfarj j`
mfcfmkekjctf lj `gs mgusgs, prkcmkpkfs y rjsu`tglfs jc rj`gmkýc g` mfepfrtgekjctf lj `fs
prfyjmtk`js sfejtklfs jc prkcmkpkf g `gs `jyjs dåskmgs.

@g ag`åstkmg dfrjcsj gagrmg j` jstulkf y gcç`ksks lj `fs prfyjmtk`js y lj `fs kepgmtfs

ljtjrekc
ljtjrekcgcl
gclf
f j` mg`karj
mg`karj lj` greg lkspgrgl
lkspgrglg8
g8 \geakëc
\geakëc sj prjfmupg
prjfmupg lj ljtjrekc
ljtjrekcgr
gr `g
mfrrjspfcljcmkg jctrj prfyjmtk`js f vgkcgs (mgsquk``fs) ng``glgs jc j` sktkf lj` sumjsf mfc
g`iÿc greg ng``glg jc pfljr lj uc sfspjmnfsf f jc j` `uigr eksef lj` njmnf lj`kmtkvf8
gskeksef, vjrkdkmg `g prjsjcmkg lj rjsklufs lj pý`vfrg sfarj j` a`gcmf, mfc j` faojtf lj
fatjcjr ucg gprfxkegmkýc lj `g lkstgcmkg g `g quj duj rjg`kzglf j` lkspgrf.

Jc `g ag`åstkmg tgeakëc sj jstulkg j` trgyjmtf lj `g ag`g y mýef kepgmtg jc j` faojtkvf. @g

lkrjmm
lkrjmmkýc
kýc lj`
lj` prfyjm
prfyjmtk`
tk` sj ljcf
ljcfekc
ekcg
g ygw j kcmfrkcmfrpf
pfrg
rg lf
lfs
s djcýej
djcýejcf
cfss (prjmj
(prjmjský
skýc
c y
cutgmkýc). @f quj ngmj quj j` prfyjmtk` ikrj sfarj så eksef g `f `grif lj uc rjmfrrklf sfc
ucgs jstrågs. Jc mugctf g `g vj`fmklgl lj `g ag`g ljpjclj lj` mg`karj lj` greg y sj eklj
jc pkjs pfr sjiuclf (jstg ucklgl jxprjsg `g pftjcmkg lj` greg). Gså, `g jcjriåg quj sj
ijcjrg jc j` `gczgekjctf lj uc prfyjmtk` ljpjcljrç lj` mg`karj, j` tkpf y j` jstglf lj`
greg.
 

EGQMF \JFQKMF

AG@K]\KMG

MFCMJR\F
Js gquj``g mkjcmkg quj sj jcmgrig lj jstulkgr `gs gregs lj dujif, `g lkrjmmkýc y j`
g`mgcmj `fs g`mgcmjs `fs prfyjmtk`js quj lkspgrgc gså mfef `fs jdjmtfs quj prflumjc. @g
ag`ås
ag`åstkm
tkmg
g df
dfrjc
rjcsj
sj mf
mfepr
eprjc
jclj
lj j` gcç`
gcç`ksk
ksks
s lj `gs gr
gregs
egs lj dujif
dujif,, gså mfef
mfef `f lj
ljeç
eçs
s
dgmtfrjs quj mfctrkauyjc g prflumkr j` lkspgrf.

J` mfrpus lj jstulkf lj `g ag`åstkmg sj mjctrg jc j` jstulkf lj `gs dujrzgs, trgyjmtfrkgs,

rftgmkfc
rftgmkfcjs
js y mfepfrtg
mfepfrtgekjc
ekjctfs
tfs lkvjrsfs
lkvjrsfs lj `fs prfyjmtk
prfyjmtk`js
`js jc lkdjrjct
lkdjrjctjs
js geakjct
geakjctjs
js lj
jep`jf, gljeçs lj `g dfreg lj` prfyjmtk`, sustgcmkgs, tjepjrgturgs, prjskfcjs igsjfsgs,
jtm., sktugmkfcjs quj sumjljc jc `gs lkdjrjctjs dgsjs lj` lkspgrf, ljsp`gzgekjctf lj`
prfyjmtk` g `f `grif lj` çckeg
çckeg   y sg`klg g` jxtjrkfr, trgyjmtfrkg j kepgmtf. J` jstulkf lj `g
ag`åstkmg mjctrglf jc `gs gregs lj dujif 
dujif  js pgrtj lj `fs jstulkfs dfrjcsj
dfrjcsj..

Jvf`umkýc nkstýrkmg

Mugclf nfy jc låg surij ucg kcvjstkigmkýc rj`gmkfcglg mfc `g utk`kzgmkýc lj gregs lj
dujif
dujif sg
sgaj
ajefs
efs,, quj
quj cf ngy
ngy lfs
lfs gregs
gregs quj
quj ljoj
ljojc
c klëctk
klëctkmg
mgs
s egrmg
egrmgs
s jc `g euc
euckmk
kmkýc
ýc
jep`jglg. [ quj, ejlkgctj j` jstulkf lj `gs `jskfcjs ljoglgs jc j` prfyjmtk` mugclf ëstj
sj ljs`k
ljs`kzg
zg pfr j` çckeg
çckeg lj` mg
mg÷ý
÷ýc,
c, f `gs prflum
prflumklg
klgs
s jc `g vgkcg
vgkcg,, pf
pfrr `g rgepg lj
g`kejctg
g`kejctgmkýc
mkýc,, `gs pgrjljs
pgrjljs lj `g rjmçegrg
rjmçegrg,, `g mu`gtg
mu`gtg lj mkjrrj,
mkjrrj, `g giuog
giuog pjrmutf
pjrmutfrg,
rg, j`
jxtrgmtfr y j` jxpu`sfr, sj pujlj ``jigr g ljlumkr j` greg quj rjg`kzý j` lkspgrf. Rjrf jstf
cf skjepr
skjeprj
j ng sklf
sklf gså,
gså, jstf
jstf quj
quj g cfsft
cfsftrfs
rfs cfs pg
pgrjm
rjmj
j fa
favkf
vkf,, du
duj
j pg
pgrg
rg cu
cujst
jstrfs
rfs
gctjmjsfrjs uc `grif mgekcf g rjmfrrjr ngstg lgr mfc `fs prfmjlkekjctfs tëmckmfs quj
pjrek
pjrektkj
tkjrgc
rgc gdk
gdkreg
regrr mf
mfc
c rkifr
rkifr mkjct
mkjctådk
ådkmf
mf quë
quë greg
greg du
duj
j `g jep`j
jep`jgl
glg
g pg
pgrg
rg rjg`kz
rjg`kzgr
gr `fs
lkspgrfs.
 

AG@Å]\KMG KC\JQKFQ

Jstulkg `fs djcýejcfs quj sj prflumjc jc j` kctjrkfr lj` greg, ljslj quj sj kckmkg j`
du`ekcgctj f mçpsu`g kckmkglfrg, ngstg quj j` prfyjmtk` gagclfcg `g afmg lj dujif lj`
greg, gså mfef `gs mgusgs quj prflumjc, eflkdkmgc lkmnfs djcýejcfs, ejmgckzgmkýc,

kckmkgmkýc, mgrig lj prfyjmmkýc, prjskfcjs quj ljsgrrf``g, jtm.)

@g ag`åstkmg quj sj jcmgrig lj` jstulkf lj tflfs `fs djcýejcfs quj fmurrjc ljslj j`
efejctf quj sj fprkeg j` lkspgrglfr ngstg quj j` prfyjmtk` gvgczg g `g afmg lj dujif
lj` greg.
greg. Jc `g ag`åstkm
ag`åstkmg
g kctjrkfr
kctjrkfr mfcskljr
mfcskljrgefs
gefs j` djcýejc
djcýejcf
f dåskmf
dåskmf tjre
tjreflkc
flkcçekm
çekmf,
f, `f
gctjrkfr jc mfcskljrgmkýc quj tkjcj `uigr `g pjrmuskýc, `g kickmkýc y `g mfeaustkýc lj `g
pý`vfrg j` ljsgrrf``f lj `fs igsjs8 `g prjskýc jc `g rjmgegrg y `g glgptgmkýc lj `g vgkck``g
g `g ekseg, j` ljspjiuj lj` prfyjmtk` su vuj`f `karj, vj`fmklgl quj g`mgczg y j` goustj g`
rgyglf lj `gs jstrågs y egmkzfs, `gs tjcskfcjs y rjskstjcmkgs, `g jcjriåg jc `g afmg lj
dujif lj` greg, jrfskfcjs y ljsigstjs jc ë` gckeg, `fs rjtrfmjsfs, ljsvåfs y vkargmkfcjs,

tflf j``f g trgvës lj` jstulkf lj` efvkekjctf lj` prfyjmtk` ljctrf lj` greg.

Jc `g ag`åstkmg kctjrkfr `fs gspjmtfs quj jstulkg jstg pgrtj sj tkjcjc jc mujctg `g rj`gmkýc
lkrjmtg quj mfc``jvg `g mgrig prfpu`sfrg pgrg frkikcgr `g vj`fmklgl kckmkg` jc `g afmg lj
dujif lj` greg, quj ljpjclj lj `fs skiukjctjs dgmtfrjs?

   Rjsf lj` Rrfyjmtk`

   Rjsfs lj `g mgrig prfpu`sfrg
   Tj`fmklgl jc `g afmg lj dujif lj` greg
   Gmj`jrgmkýc lj `g irgvjlgl
   Mg`fr `kajrglf lj `g mfeaustkýc lj `g pý`vfrg
   Rfrmkýc lj mg`fr `kajrglf lj `g mfeaustkýc quj pujlj mfcvjrtkrsj jc jcjriåg
mkcëtkmg
 

AG@Å]\KMG J^\JQKFQ

Açskmgejctj sj fmupg lj` mfepfrtgekjctf lj` prfyjmtk` ljslj quj gagclfcg `g afmg lj
dujif ngstg su kepgmtf jc uc faojtf f a`gcmf, gså mfef `fs dgmtfrjs quj kcd`uyjc jc j`
eksef, duclgejctg`ejctj `g gmmkýc lj `g irgvjlgl y `g rjskstjcmkg lj` gkrj.

Jstulkg j` mfepfrtgekjctf lj `g ag`g f prfyjmtk` ljslj quj gagclfcg `g afmg lj` greg,
lurgctj su trgyjmtfrkg y `fs dgmtfrjs quj gdjmtgc g `g ekseg, ngstg quj ``jig g` `uigr lj
kepgmtf. Zcg vjz `g ag`g ng gagclfcglf j` greg mfekjczg g prflumkrsj ucg sjrkj lj
djcýejcfs lurgctj su vuj`f ngmkg j` a`gcmf quj sfc jstulkglfs pfr `g ag`åstkmg jxtjrcg.
Ljslj j` prkejr kcstgctj y mjsglf j` kepu`sf prfpfrmkfcglf pfr `g prjskýc lj `fs igsjs, `g
ag`g sfejtklg g efvkekjctf lj trgs`gmkýc ngmkg j` a`gcmf y rftgmkýc sfarj su joj js
gdjmtglg pfr `g rjskstjcmkg quj j` gkrj fpfcj g` efvkekjctf y pfr `g dujrzg irgvktgtfrkg.

@g rjskstjcmkg lj` gkrj rjlumj su vj`fmklgl ekjctrgs quj `g dujrzg irgvktgtfrkg `g ngmj
ljsvkgrsj lj su trgyjmtfrkg g` sjr gtrgålg pfr `g tkjrrg. Ftrfs dgmtfrjs gdjmtgc tgeakëc g `g
ag`g gucquj su kcd`ujcmkg js skickdkmgtkvgejctj ejcfr, tg`js mfef `g lkrjmmkýc lj` vkjctf,
`g prjskýc gtefsdërkmg, jtm.

Mfc efvkekjctfs?

 Rgrgaý`kmf?  Qjsu`tgctj lj `g mfeakcgmkýc jctrj j` ljsp`gzgekjctf lj` prfyjmtk` y

`g dujrzg lj irgvjlgl jojrmklg sfarj jstj.
 \rgcs`gmkýc?  Jspgmkf dåskmf ejlka`j jxkstjctj jctrj `g afmg lj dujif lj` greg y j`
sktkf lj kepgmtf.
 Qftgmkýc?  Ikrf
Ikrf lj`
lj` prfyjm
prfyjmtk`
tk` sfarj
sfarj su joj
joj `fcik
`fciktul
tulkcg
kcg`,
`, prf
prflu
lumtf
mtf lj `g dujrzg
dujrzg

keprkeklg pfr `g dfreg nj`kmfklg` lj `gs jstrågs y egmkzfs.

 Ikrfsmýpkmf? Efvkekjctf mýckmf, pjclu`gr quj ljrkvg lj` mjctrf lj irgvjlgl mfc
j` efvkekjctf lj rftgmkýc.
Mfc çckeg `ksg (jsmfpjtg)?

   Rgrgaý`kmf.
   \rgcs`gmkýc.
   Tkargtfrkf? Efvkekjctf mkrmu`gtfrkf.
mkrmu`gtfrk f.
   Lkspjrský
Lkspjrskýc?
c? ]jpgrgmkýc lj` prfyjmtk`
prfyjmtk` ngmkg mug`qukjr
mug`qukjr lkrjmmkýc rjspjmtf g `g `åcjg
lj tkrf.
 

Jctrj `fs prkcmkpg`js dgmtfrjs quj kcd`uyjc jc `g trgyjmtfrkg rjg` lj` prfyjmtk` sj tkjcj `fs
skiukjctjs?

@g rjskstjcmkg lj` gkrj g` efvkekjctf lj` prfyjmtk`.

@g dujrzg lj irgvjlgl lj `g tkjrrg.

@g kcd`ujcmkg lj` vkjctf.

@g rftgmkýc kepgrtklg pfr j` rgyglf lj` mg÷ýc.
J` mfctrf` quj j` usugrkf jojrmj sfarj j` greg lj dujif.

Jc 7><2 j` dåskmf arktçckmf skr Mngr`js Ynjgtstfcj suikrký j` usf lj `g j`jmtrkmklgl

j`jmtrkmklgl   pgrg
ejlkrr pjquj÷fs
ejlk pjquj÷fs kctjrvg`fs
kctjrvg`fs lj tkjepf. @gs dýreu`gs
dýreu`gs y tga`gs
tga`gs pgrg ag`åstkmg
ag`åstkmg jxtjrkfr
jxtjrkfr lj
mglg cujvf tkpf lj mg÷ýc sfc eçs f ejcfs jepårkmgs y ljajc mfeprfagrsj ejlkgctj
jxpjrkejctfs rjg`js, gctjs lj quj sj pujlgc mg`kargr mfc prjmkskýc `fs ejmgcksefs lj
puctjråg.

AG@K]\KMG LJ JDJM\F]

Jstulkg j` mfepfrtgekjctf lj` prfyjmtk` ljslj quj kcmklj sfarj j` a`gcmf ngstg quj sj
ljtkjcj, prkcmkpg`ejctj j` pfljr lj pjcjtrgmkýc y j` pfljr lj pgrglg. \kjcj ucg sua-rgeg
eëlkmf-`jig` quj sj ljcfekcg Ag`åstkmg lj `gs njrklgs.

‐Js `g quj jstulkg `fs rjsu`tglfs prflumklfs jc j` mujrpf u faojtf sfarj j` quj kepgmtg `g
ag`g f prfyjmtk`, `g dfreg jc quj gmtÿg j` prfyjmtk` g` ``jigr g` a`gcmf, mýef qujlg j`
prfyjmtk`, mýef sj jdjmtÿg `g trgcsdjrjcmkg lj jcjriåg mkcëtkmg y quë jdjmtfs tkjcj sfarj j`
faojtkvf, mýef ducmkfcgc `fs prfyjmtk`js jspjmkg`js, jtm.― Jstulkg `fs ljstrfzfs quj j`

prfyjmtk` prflumj y `fs quj g jstg gdjmtg, mugclf kepgmtg jc uc a`gcmf ljtjrekcglf ngstg
quj sj ljtkjcj.
 

@fs jdjmtfs quj jstgs ag`gs pujljc fmgskfcgr?

J` jdjmtf nklrçu`kmf?  sj agsg jc j` njmn

njmnf
f lj quj tflf sý`k
sý`klf
lf quj pj
pjcj
cjtrg
trg
arusmgejctj jc uc `åquklf jcmjrrglf y ``jcgclf pfr mfep`jtf ucg vgskog, fmgskfcg
ucg sfarjprjskýc ljctrf lj `g ekseg (prfpfrmkfcg` g` muglrglf lj `g vj`fmklgl

kcmkljctj lj` sý`klf) quj js mgpgz lj ngmjr jstg``gr lkmnf rjmkpkjctj.

J` jdjmtf nklrflkcçekmf?  ]jiÿc `g ag`g prfduclkzg jc su pjcjtrgmkýc, sj vgc

prflumkjclf ljsp`gzgekjctfs lj` tjoklf eusmu`gr quj mfepfcjc j` prfpkf
ejmgcksef lj `g `jskýc8 pjrf, g` eksef tkjepf, gpgrjmj ucg fclg lj mnfquj
(arjvj j kctjcsf) quj sj ljsp`gzg pfr j` tjoklf akf`ýikmf g vj`fmklgl egyfr quj j`
prfyjmtk` (js supjrkfr g `g lj` sfcklf).

]j jctkjclj pfr pjcjtrgmkýc g `g mgpgmklgl lj` prfyjmtk` pgrg kcirjsgr jc uc ejlkf eçs
a`gclf. G ejlklg quj j` prfyjmtk` vg pjcjtrgclf, sj ljdfreg y jctrjig pgrtj lj su
jcjriåg. ]k sj `firg agof ckvj` lj ljdfregmkýc j` prfyjmtk` mfcsjrvgrg pfr eçs tkjepf su
jcjriåg y sj mfcsjiukrç ucg pjcjtrgmkýc supjrkfr.

AG@K]\KMG DFQJC]J

Js ucg rgeg jspjmkg` lj `g Ag`åstkmg agsglg jc `g gp`kmgmkýc oulkmkg` lj lkmng mkjcmkg.

Rgrg `g ag`åstkmg dfrjcsj j` eëtflf f mgekcf g sjiukr js kcvjrsf g` lj `g Ag`åstkmg m`çskmg.
Rgrtkjclf lj `fs jdjmtfs prflumklfs jc uc a`gcmf, sj ljtjrekcg j` greg y mgrtumnf f
euckmkýc utk`kzglg, `g lkstgcmkg y j` çciu`f lj tkrf, j` cÿejrf lj lkspgrfs jdjmtuglfs jc su
mgsf, sk j` prfyjmtk` rjmfiklf ng sklf f cf lkspgrglf pfr j` greg sfspjmnfsg.

@fs eëlkmfs dfrjcsjs dgmk`ktgc kcdfregmkýc duclgejctg` jc `gs kcvjstkigmkfcjs mrkekcg`js,

pujs `fs lgtfs lj` jstulkf ag`åstkmf prfpfrmkfcgc kcdfregmkýc jsjcmkg` (`g lkstgcmkg lj`
lkspgrf, `g pfskmkýc lj tkrf, jtm). Lj jstg egcjrg, `g ejlkmkcg sj rj`gmkfcg mfc `g ag`åstkmg
dfrjcsj.
 

Gp`kmgmkýc Lj @g Ag`åstkmg Dfrjcsj

J` pjrktf jc Ag`åstkmg pgrtkmkpgrç jc gquj``fs njmnfs jc quj sj jcmujctrjc gregs
lj dujif f j`jejctfs rj`gmkfcglfs mfc j``gs. Js drjmujctj quj sj sf`kmktj su
kctjrvjcmkýc jc lj`ktfs
lj`ktfs   mfef j` gsg`tf mfc greg lj dujif, nfekmklkfs,
nfekmklkfs, sukmklkfs,

`jskfcjs, pfrtgmkýc k`jig` lj greg, lg÷f 

lg÷f  jc prfpkjlgl gojcg, gejcgzgs y ftrfs
eçs lfcl
lfcljj jxkst
jxkstg
g jvklj
jvkljcmk
cmkg
g quj
quj mfcl
mfcluzm
uzmg
g g `g rjg`k
rjg`kzg
zgmký
mkýc
c lj js
jstul
tulkfs
kfs jc
j` `gafrgtfrkf 
`gafrgtfrkf   lj Ag`åstkm
Ag`åstkmg.
g. Cfreg`e
Cfreg`ejctj
jctj,, j` pjrktf
pjrktf jc Ag`åstk
Ag`åstkmg
mg ljsjepj÷
ljsjepj÷g
g sus
gmtkvklgljs jc j` `gafrgtfrkf. @g egyfr pgrtj lj `fs lkmtçejcjs quj sj rjg`kzgc jc
jstg egtjrkg cjmjsktgc
egtjrkg cjmjsktgc gpfygrsj jc jqukpfs mfef j` ekmrfsmfpkf lj mfepgrgmkýc
y `g tkcg lj lkspgrfs.

\geak
\geakëc
ëc rjqukj
rjqukjrj
rjc
c lj kcdfr
kcdfregm
egmkýc
kýc aka`kf
aka`kfirç
irçdkm
dkmg
g guxk`k
guxk`kgr
gr f quj
quj sj jcmu
jcmujct
jctrj
rj
mgpturglg jc j` skstjeg mfeputgrkzglf lj kcdfregmkýc @gs gregs lj dujif y `fs
j`jejct
j`jejctfs
fs dgarkmgl
dgarkmglfs
fs pgrg sjr lkspgrg
lkspgrglfs
lfs pfr j``gs
j``gs mfcstkt
mfcstktuyj
uyjc
c `fs j`jejct
j`jejctfs
fs
cgturg`js lj jstulkf lj` pjrktf jc jstg jspjmkg`klgl. \geakëc mfcstktuyjc dgmtfrjs
lj gcç`ksks 
gcç`ksks  `fs djcýe
djcýejc
jcfs
fs quj
quj sj frkik
frkikcg
cgc
c jc j` kctjrk
kctjrkfr
fr lj`
lj` çc
çckeg
keg lj`
lj` mg÷ýc
mg÷ýc,,
ljslj quj sj prflumj j` lkspgrf ngstg quj `g ag`g gagclfcg `g afmg lj` mg÷ýc.
]j jstulkgc `fs efvkekjctfs lj` prfyjmtk` jc j` gkrj,
gkrj, ucg vjz quj jstj ng ljoglf `g
afmg lj` mg÷ýc lj` greg y j` mfctgmtf quj tuvf mfc ucf f vgrkfs mujrpfs ngstg
qujlgr jc jstglf lj rjpfsf.

]j ng ``jiglf g mfcskljrgr mfcvjckjctj `g pgrtkmkpgmkýc lj` jxpjrtf jc Ag`åstkmg

lurgctj `g "rjmfcstrummkýc lj `fs njmnfs", jc g`iucfs mgsfs. ]u prjsjcmkg pjrektj
fatjcjr
fatjcjr ucg gprjmkg
gprjmkgmkýc
mkýc eçs faojtkv
faojtkvg
g lj `gs mfclkm
mfclkmkfcj
kfcjs
s y sumjsfs
sumjsfs.. Lj jstg
jstg
egcjrg, prfpfrmkfcgrç egyfrjs j`jejctfs pgrg `g j`gafrgmkýc lj` lkmtgejc.
 

\rgyjmtfrkg lj` prfyjmtk`

 G mglg lkspgrf j` prfyjmtk` ljsmrkaj su prfpkg trgyjmtfrkg.

trgyjmtfrkg. Ckciucg greg pfr prjmksg quj
sjg tkjcj ljdkcklg `g trgyjmtfrkg lj` lkspgrf, `f mug` cf js sf`f g mfcsjmujcmkg lj` nfearj.
@gs gregs pfrtçtk`js `gs mfcskljrgefs lj tkrf rgsgctj, g :2 ets lj lkstgcmkg y tjckjclf j`

a`gcmf eývk`, js euy lkdåmk` gmjrtgr. Ngy lkvjrsfs dgmtfrjs pgrg quj mglg lkspgrf prjsjctj
su trgyjmtfrkg mfef pfr jojep`f? mg`klgl lj` greg, mg`klgl lj` mgrtumnf jtm.

Dgmtfrjs Wuj Kcd`uyjc @g \rgyjmtfrkg Lj` Rrfyjmtk`

  Gtefsdërkmfs.  Jctrj
Jctrj jstfs
jstfs tjcjefs
tjcjefs ``uvkg,
``uvkg, vkjctf,
vkjctf, tje
tjepjrg
pjrgturg
turg,, prjskýc
prjskýc y `gs
fsmk`gmkfcjs quj sfc prflumklgs pfr `g gteýsdjrg, quj sj prflumj pfr mfrrkjctjs
gsmjcljctjs (mç`klf) y ljsmjcljctjs (dråfs), jc tkrfs lj `grig lkstgcmkg. G :22 e
js lkdåmk` tjcjr prjmkskýc yg quj jxkstjc mfclkmkfcjs quj g` prfyjmtk` `f

ljsjstgak`kzgc. @fs prfyjmtk`js cf sf`f tkjcjc efvkekjctfs lj rftgmkýc y trgs`gmkýc

skcf tgeakëc lj prjmkskýc y eutgmkýc, ljaklf g quj `fs pjsfs cf jstçc skjeprj
rjpgrtklfs.

Rjrsfcg`js. ]fc `fs gtrkauklfs g` tkrglfr pfr cf g`kcjgmkýc mfrrjmtg lj` gpgrgtf lj

puctjråg, iukýc y g`zg, y pfr `g gmmkýc lj `g mf`g lj` lkspgrglfr g mglg tkrf, js ljmkr 
pfr `g prjskýc quj jojrmj j` ljlf sfarj `g mf`g lj` lkspgrglfr.

Greg.  Js uc dgmtfr duclgejctg` sj ljaj g `fs ljdjmtfs lj` gpgrgtf lj puctjråg, yg

sjg pfr su mfcstktumkýc, if`pjs f trgtgekjctf kcgljmuglf lj` greg. Gså eksef `g
vkargmkýc lj` mg÷ýc jstf js jc gregs `grigs.

NJQKLG] RQFLZMKLG] RFQ GQEG LJ DZJIF

J` frkdkmkf lj jctrglg u frkdkmkf cgturg` js gquë` pfr j` mug` pjcjtrg j` prfyjmtk` y mgsk
skjeprj js lj ejcfr tgeg÷f quj j` lj sg`klg, prjsjctgclf jc j` mgsf lj` lkspgrf g
afmgogrrf ucg dfreg jstrj``glg. Gså eksef, sj pflrçc fasjrvgr jc lkdjrjctjs mgsfs `g
qujeglurg, j` tgtugoj, j` mf``grjtj jrfskvf y j` grf lj sumkjlgl. J` frkdkmkf lj sg`klg cf sj

prflumj skjeprj, pujs mgaj `g pfskak`klgl lj quj j` prfyjmtk` qujlj g`foglf ljctrf lj`
mujrpf.
 

G AFMG LJ OGQQF
]j prjsjctg mugclf j` mg÷ýc lj` greg lj dujif f eçs gÿc, `g trfepjtk``g, sj gpfyý
mfctrg j` mujrpf. @gs mgrgmtjråstkmgs lj jstg `jskýc, jspjmkg`ejctj jc mugctf sj rjdkjrj g`

frkdkmkf lj jctrglg sfc `gs skiukjctjs mgrgmtjråstkmgs?

f   Ijcjrg`ejctj qujlg egrmglg `g trfepjtk``g lj` greg

f   Rujlj gpgrjmjr
gpgrjmjr j` frkdkmkf lj jctrglg lj egyfrjs lkejcskfcjs quj j` lj sg`klg.
Jstf sj ljaj g `g jxp`fskýc quj prflumjc `fs igsjs g` gagclfcgr `g afmg lj
dujif, mugclf j` lkspgrf sj jdjmtÿg mfctrg uc nujsf, `g mgajzg.
f   ]k j` lkspgrf js mfctrg pgrtjs
pgrtjs a`gclgs,
a`gclgs, v.ir, j` jstýegif, j`
j` frkdkmkf lj jctrglg sj
prjsj
prjsjctg
ctg `kepk
`kepkf
f lgcl
lgclf
f `g gpgrk
gpgrkjc
jcmkg
mkg lj uc lkspg
lkspgrf
rf g `grig
`grig lkstgc
lkstgcmkg
mkg88 pj
pjrf
rf g`
kcspjmmkfcgr `g njrklg, sj fasjrvg quj `fs rjsklufs ngc qujlglf jctrj `g pkj` y `fs
eÿsmu`fs.

  G AFMG \FMGC\J
Jc jstg m`gsj lj njrklgs `g afmg lj` greg jstç jc mfctgmtf mfc j` mujrpf mugclf j`
lkspg
lkspgrf
rf sj prflu
prflumj
mj88 jstgs
jstgs njrkl
njrklgs
gs pujl
pujljc
jc gprjm
gprjmkgr
kgrsj
sj jc af
afmg
mg gp
gpfyg
fyglg
lg,, fa
fa`km
`kmug
ug f
kcmfep`jtg. Jc `gs njrklgs mfc `g afmg lj` greg gpfyglg jc `g pkj` sj m`gvg jc j``g lj tg`
eflf quj jstg rfljg `g afmg, `fs afrljs kcejlkgtfs lj `g jctrglg lj` prfyjmtk` jstçc
gpjrigekcglfs pfr `fs igsjs lj `g mfeaustkýc y jccjirjmklfs pfr j` nf``åc.

Jc tflgs `gs njrklgs g afmg tfmgctj sj jcmujctrg j` nf``åc lj `g pý`vfrg, `gs pgrtåmu`gs
ejtç`kmgs lj duskýc prfvkjcjc lj `g ag`g, lj` mjaf y lj `g vgkcg y tgeakëc `fs trfzfs lj
efcýxklf lj mgrafcf ljpfsktglfs tflfs g `f `grif lj` trgyjmtf lj `g njrklg

  G WZJEGQQFRG

Ljaklf g su jsmgsg egsg `fs nuefs pfsjjc euy pfmg jcjriåg mkcëtkmg rgzýc pfr `g mug`
g`mgczgc ucg lkstgcmkg quj lkdåmk`ejctj supjrg `fs 72 me. lj `g afmg lj dujif, pfr `f quj
 

sý`f jstgrçc prjsjctjs jc mgsfs lj lkspgrfs g euy mfrtg lkstgcmkg, mfcfmklfs

pfpu`grejctj mfc j` cfearj lj ‐\KQF G WZJEGQQFRG―.

G WZJ LK]\GCMKG] ]J JDJM\ZGC @F] LK]RGQF]

7. Lkspgrfs g mfrtg lkstgcmkg? @fs quj g su vjz sj pujljc lkvklkr jc lfs?

7) Lkspgrfs g euy mfrtg lkstgcmkg?  Rrjsjctg tgtugoj lj rjstfs lj pý`vfrg cf
mfeaustkfcglg f sjek-mfeaustkfcglg, `fs quj jc dfreg lj "irgcfs" vgc g
kcmrustgrsj supjrdkmkg`ejctj jc `g pkj` f g glnjrkrsj g `gs prjclgs lj vjstkr,
jcmfctrçclfsj prjsjctj tgeakëc j` tgtugoj ejtç`kmf, js ljmkr j` prflumklf
pfr `gs pgrtåmu`gs ejtç`kmgs ljsprjclklgs lj` prfpkf prfyjmtk` y, mfef js
cfreg, j` Ng`f lj Dksmn.

J` tgtugoj ljaklf g `fs rjstfs lj pý`vfrg sj egckdkjstg trgtgclf gljmuglgejctj `g

zfcg
zfcg girjlkl
girjlklg
g mfc rjgmtkvf
rjgmtkvf lj Irkjss
Irkjss (G`dg-c
(G`dg-cgdtk
gdtk`` gekcg
gekcg y Gmklf
Gmklf su`dgcå`
su`dgcå`kmf
kmf jc
ejlkf
ejlkf gm
gmët
ëtkmf
kmf),
), j` quj
quj pfcj
pfcj jc jvklj
jvkljcmk
cmkg
g `fs irgcf
irgcfs
s lj pý`vf
pý`vfrg
rg ejlkgc
ejlkgctj
tj `g
dfregmkýc lj puctfs lj mf`fr   rfof ljaklf g `g rjgmmkýc mrfeçtkmg lj jstj rjgmtkvf
mfc `fs rglkmg`js cktrktfs.

J` tgtugoj prflumklf pfr `fs irgcfs lj pý`vfrg pujljc g`mgczgr ngstg

gprfxkeglgejctj :2 me. jc `gs gregs lj pu÷f lj usf ngaktug`. J` tgtugoj ljaklf

g rjstfs ejtç`kmfs sj egckdkjstg ejlkgctj trgtgekjctf lj `g zfcg girjlklg mfc

giug fxkijcglg, çmklf gmëtkmf y ngmkjclf pgsgr pfr ÿ`tkef ucg mfrrkjctj lj çmklf
su`dnålr
su`dnålrkmf,
kmf, prflumk
prflumkëclf
ëclfsj
sj puctfs
puctfs cjirfs
cjirfs mfrrjsp
mfrrjspfclk
fclkjctj
jctj g `fs su`durf
su`durfs
s lj
`fs ejtg`js 
ejtg`js  (p`fef
(p`fef y mfarj 
mfarj  prkcmkpg`ejctj),
prkcmkpg`ejctj), quj mfcstktuyjc
mfcstktuyjc `gs pgrtåmu`gs
pgrtåmu`gs
ljsprjclklgs lj` prfyjmtk`.
Cfreg`ejctj jstgs rjgmmkfcjs cf sj jdjmtÿgc lkrjmtgejctj sfarj `g pkj` lj `g
våmtkeg ck sfarj `gs prjclgs lj vjstkr, skcf quj sj trgcsdkjrjc `gs sustgcmkgs g``å
prjsjctjs g ucg nfog lj pgpj` dftfirçdkmf prjvkgejctj dkoglf y `gvglf g` quj sj
glnkjrjc irgmkgs g `g mgpg lj ij`gtkcg quj rjmuarj ucg lj sus mgrgs.
 

1) Lkspgrfs g ejlkg lkstgcmkg?   Jc j``fs sf`f sj jcmujctrg prjsjctj j` tgtugoj

ejtç`kmf muyg mgrgmtjrkzgmkýc sj jxp`kmgrg prjmjljctjejctj, gljeçs lj`

Ng`f lj Dksmn. Jc gregs lj pu÷f js dgmtka`j jcmfctrgr jstj tkpf lj tgtugojs

ngstg
ngstg lkstgcm
lkstgcmkgs
kgs lj gprfxkeg
gprfxkeglgej
lgejctj
ctj ZC (`) ejtr
ejtrf,
f, jxtjclkë
jxtjclkëclf
clfsj
sj jsg
lkstg
kstgcm
cmkg
kg ngst
ngstg
g `fs
`fs \QJ]
\QJ] (=)
(=) ejtr
ejtrfs
fs pgrg
pgrg j` mgsf
mgsf lj gp`k
gp`kmg
mgrr jc `g
ljtjrekcgmkýc. Ejlkfs tjmcf`ýikmfs lj gvgczglg, tg`js mfef `g
Ekmrfsmfpåg J`jmtrýckmg lj Agrrklf.

1. Lkspgrfs g `grig lkstgcmkg?  ]j ljcfe

ljcfekcg
kcgc
c gs
gsåå jc Ag`ås
Ag`åstkm
tkmg
g Dfrj
Dfrjcsj
csj g
tf
tflf
lfs
s gquj
gquj``f
``fs
s quj
quj supjr
supjrjc
jc `g lkstgc
lkstgcmk
mkg
g eçxke
eçxkeg
g g `g quj
quj js pfsk
pfska`j
a`j
prflumkr tgtugoj, yg sjg ejtç`kmf f lj pý`vfrg, y lfclj j` ÿckmf skicf
prjsjctj `f mfcstktuyj j` Ng`f lj Dksmn, `f quj jc gregs lj pu÷f cfreg`js,
kep`kmg lkstgcmkgs supjrkfrjs g `gs mfcskicglgs.

LK]\GCMKG LJ@ LK]RGQF

  MFQ\G LK]\GCMKG
 GQEG] MFQ\G] (Ejcfs lj :2 Me.)

 GQEG] @GQIG] (Ejcfs lj 7:2 Me.)

  @GQIG LK]\GCMKG
 GQEG] MFQ\G] (Egyfr lj :2 Me.)

 GQEG] @GQIG] (Egyfr lj 7:2 Me.)

 

MGQGM\JQK]\KMG]
MGQGM\JQK]\KMG] RGQG LJ\JQEKCGQ @G] LK]\GCMKG] JC WZJ DZJ
LK]RGQGLF ZC MGQ\ZMNF

Rgrg jstj dkc js kepfrtgctj j` jstulkf jc `gs rfpgs lj `g våmtkeg lj `g lkspjrskýc lj `fs
j`jejctfs prfvjckjctjs lj` lkspgrf, quj sj rjg`kzg ejlkgctj `fs skiukjctjs eëtflfs?

 Eëtflf lj` Qflkzfcgtf ]ýlkmf?  Rgrg ljtjmtgr g`iucfs ejtg`js pjsglfs, mfef j`
p`fef. ]k `g supjrdkmkj js lj mf`fr m`grf, sj pu`vjrkzg mfc ucg sf`umkýc sgturglg lj
rflkzfcgtf sýlkmf jc giug ljstk`glg, nuejljmkjclf prjvkgejctj j` çrjg mfc çmklf
tgrtçrkmf pgrg `firgr ucg rjgmmkýc lj mf`fr rfof vkf`jtg.
 Eëtflf lj Nfddegc?  Ljtjrekcg `g lkstrkaumkýc lj R`fef y Agrkf ejlkgctj ucg
lj`iglg `çekcg lj mj`fdçc keprjicglg lj çmklf gmëtkmf y prjskfcglf mfctrg j`
çrjg lj` lkspgrf lurgctj 12 ekcutfs, jc ucg prjcsg mfc mg`fr pgrg pjrektkr `g
lkduskýc lj `fs kfcjs ejtç`kmfs (sfarj tflf j` R`fef) jc j` mj`fdçc. @g nfog js
rjvj`glg jc uc ag÷f lj su`durf sýlkmf f lkmrfegtf pftçskmf, jcougiglg y sjmglg.
 @gs cujvgs tjmcf`fiågs  utk`kzgc `g ekmrfsmfpåg mfc jspjmtrfdftfejtråg kcdrgrrfog
(D\KQ) f `g ekmrfsmfpåg j`jmtrýckmg lj agrrklf, pjrektkjclf jdjmtugr 
ljtjrekcgmkfcjs suegejctj mfcdkga`js y g`tgejctj prjmksgs lj `g prjsjcmkg lj
rjstfs lj ljd`girgmkýc lj pý`vfrg, du`ekcgctj y/f pgrtåmu`gs ejtç`kmgs
   @g rjmfiklg lj `f
`fs
s rjsklufs lj lkspgrf sj rjg
rjg`kzg
`kzg ejlkgctj j` usf lj tge
tgepfcjs
pfcjs
glnjskvfs.
 

GCG@K]K]

7) @fs jxçejcjs
jxçejcjs ag`åstkmfs sfc
sfc lj sueg kepfrtgcmkg
kepfrtgcmkg pgrg `g Ag`åstkmg dfrjcsj,
dfrjcsj,
quj
quj tkjc
tkjcj
j pfr
pfr faoj
faojtf
tf j` jstu
jstulk
lkf
f lj `gs
`gs greg
gregs
s lj duji
dujif,
f, eu
euck
ckmk
mkýc
ýc y
djcýejcfs prflumklfs pfr `fs lkspgrfs lj ëstgs, `g ljtjrekcgmkýc lj `fs
frkdkmkfs lj jctrglg lj jctrglg y sg`klg, `g prjsjcmkg lj mgrgmtjråstkmgs lj`
lkspgrf g mfrtg lkstgcmkg, `g mfcdrfctgmkýc lj prfyjmtk`js y mgsquk``fs, `g
ljtjrekcgmkýc lj trgyjmtfrkgs, jtm., quj tkjcj pfr utk`klgl j` jsm`grjmkekjctf
lj uc njmnf lj`kmtufsf jc ucg kcvjstkigmkýc Rf`kmkg` y/f Oulkmkg`.
1) @g tëmckmg lj jstulkf,
jstulkf, sj agsg jc `g ljefstrgmkýc
ljefstrgmkýc lj `g kljctklgl
kljctklgl ag`åstkmg
quj sj jstga`jmj jctrj uc greg lj dujif y sus prfyjmtk`js8 pfr `f tgctf, `gs
mgrgmtjråstkmgs f jstrågs quj prjsjctg uc prfyjmtk` mgrtumnf lkspgrglfs pfr 

uc greg lj dujif y fasjrvglfs g` ekmrfsmfpkf lj mfepgrgmkýc,

prjsjct
prjsjctgrç
grçc
c skek`ktu
skek`ktul
l lj mgrgmtj
mgrgmtjrås
råstkmg
tkmgs
s lj frkikcg
frkikcg`klg
`klgl
l y mfcstgcm
mfcstgcmkg8
kg8 js
ljmkr,
ljmkr, sjrçc
sjrçc mfef lfs keprjsk
keprjskfcjs
fcjs lkiktg`j
lkiktg`js
s prfvjck
prfvjckjctj
jctjs
s lj uc eksef
eksef
lkiktf? Cf jxkstjc gregs lj dujif quj prfluzmgc lkspgrf skek`gr, pjsj g su
prflummkýc jc sjrkj.
=) Js mfcvjckjctj
mfcvjckjctj rjsg`tgr quj js lj vktg` kepfrtgcmkg pgrg j` Rjrktf Ag`åstkmf,
Ag`åstkmf,
tjcjr kcdfregmkýc sfarj `fs njmnfs jc quj sj jcmujctrgc kcvf`umrglfs `gs
eujstrgs quj sj rjektgc, yg quj j``f vg pjrektkr frkjctgr sus mfcfmkekjctfs
pgrg jvgmugr ucg pjrkmkg jc dfreg eumnf eçs prjmksg8 pfr `f quj, sj
mfcm`uyj quj `gs ucklgljs sf`kmktgctjs, g` efejctf lj pjlkr jstfs
jxçejcjs, ngigc uc pjquj÷f prjçeau`f sfarj `fs njmnfs quj sj
kcvjstkigc
 

MFCM@Z]KFCJ]

7) @g Ag`åstkmg Dfrjcsj jc su mfrtg nkstfrkg ng gpfrtglf g `g sfmkjlgl j`

jsm`grjmkekjctf lj eumnfs lj`ktfs, skjclf ucg mkjcmkg gep`kgejctj utk`kzglg. J`
duturf ljpgrgrç cujvfs rjtfs g `g ag`åstkmg dfrjcsj mfc cujvgs gregs, prfyjmtk`js y
jdjmtfs lkdjrjctjs g `fs quj gmtug`ejctj jxkstjc.

1) Mugclf nfy jc låg surij ucg kcvjstkigmkýc rj`gmkfcglg

rj`gmkfcglg mfc `g utk`kzgmkýc
lj gregs 
gregs  lj dujif tflfs sgajefs, eçs f ejcfs, quj cf ngy lfs gregs quj
ljojc klëctkmgs egrmgs 
egrmgs  jc `g euckmkýc jep`jglg. [ quj, ejlkgctj j` jstulkf lj
`gs `jskfcjs ljoglgs jc j` prfyjmtk` mugclf ëstj sj ljs`kzg pfr j` çckeg lj` mg÷ýc,

f `gs prflumklgs jc `g vgkcg, pfr `g rgepg lj g`kejctgmkýc,

g`kejctgmkýc , `gs pgrjljs lj `g
rjmçegrg, `g mu`gtg lj mkjrrj, `g giuog pjrmutfrg, j` jxtrgmtfr y j` jxpu`sfr, sj
pujlj ``jigr g ljlumkr j` greg quj rjg`kzý j` lkspgrf.

=) @g ag`ås
ag`åstkm
tkmg
g g` kiug`
kiug` quj
quj mug`qu
mug`qukjr
kjr ftrf ejlkf
ejlkf lj pr
pruj
ujag
ag qu
quj
j prfvj
prfvjci
cig
g lj `g
mrkekcg`åstkmg, mfcstktuyj jc så, `g dfreg lj lgr jsj irgc pgsf quj cjmjsktg cujstrf
skstjeg oulkmkg`, yg quj pjrektkråg prfmjsfs ejcfs jcifrrfsfs y pf`ktkzglfs, skcf
quj, eçs akjc tjclrågefs rjsu`tglfs pfsktkvfs y `firgrågefs agogr j` åclkmj lj
kepucklgl y mfcsjmujctjejctj j` åclkmj lj`kcmujcmkg`.
 

QJMFEJLGMKFCJ]

7) Ljaj
Ljaj lçrsj`j prkfrklg
prkfrklgl
l g `g prujag
prujag pjrkmkg`,
pjrkmkg`, jspjmådkmg
jspjmådkmgejct
ejctj
j pgrg j` mgsf g `g
prujag lj ag`åstkmg dfrjcsj, yg quj `g graktrgrkjlgl, `g kcmjrtkluearj, j` pj`kirf lj
jquk
jqukvfm
vfmgrs
grsj,
j, tflf
tflf j``f
j``f dg`
dg`sj
sjg
g `g oustkm
oustkmkg
kg y ng
ngy
y qu
quj
j jsdfrz
jsdfrzgrs
grsj
j pg
pgrg
rg rjlum
rjlumkr
kr j`
egrijc lj jrrfr8 pgrg `f quj `g prujag mkjctådkmg js uc greg euy jdkmkjctj, quj
pjrektkråg mfcm`ukr j` prfmjsf mfc egyfr irglf lj prfagak`klgl lj quj j` gmusglf
js mu`pga`j f kcfmjctj. Ƒ

1) Rgrg quj `g ag`åstkmg sjg

sjg lj vjrlgl ucg njrrgekjctg
njrrgekjctg jdkmgz jc j` jsm`grjmkekjctf
jsm`grjmkekjctf
lj njmnfs lj`kmtkvfs y pfr mfcskiukjctj, jc ucg oustg rjsf`umkýc oulkmkg` quj så
muep`g mfc glekckstrgr oustkmkg, ljaj lçrsj`j `g kepfrtgcmkg quj ejrjmj
ejofrgclf kcsuefs y rjmursfs cjmjsgrkfs pgrg quj `fs lkmtçejcjs pjrkmkg`js sjgc
prfctfs y vjrgmjs8 y gså pujlgc kctrflumkrsj g` prfmjsf mfc tflg mfcdkgczg.
 

AKA@KFIQGDKG

nttp?//rkueg.ueg.js/xe`uk/aktstrjge/ngcl`j/724=2/;<=;/Greg%12lj%12Dujif.
%12Ag`%M=%GLstkmg.pld6sjqujcmj57
nttps?//js.wkhkpjlkg.fri/wkhk/Ag`%M=%GLstkmg
dk`j?///M?/Zsjrs/Z]ZGQKF/Lfwc`fgls/=111>2<:-AG@K]\KMG-\QGAGOF.pld 
nttp?//kctrflummkfcg`gag`kstkmg.a`fispft.pj/1272/72/ljdkckmkfc-lj-ag`kstkmg.nte`
nttp?//www.kmlmrkekcg`.mfe.gr/mfct/grtkmu`fs/AG@K]\KMG%12LJ%12JDJM\F.pld 
nttps?//prjzk.mfe/4zfdmxpzwc9u/ag`kstkmg-lj-jdjmtf-f-kepgmtf/
nttp?//www.efcfirgdkgs.mfe/trgagofs=1/ag`kstkmg-dfrjcsj/ag`kstkmg-dfrjcsj.snte`

nttps?//affhs.iffi`j.mfe.pj/affhs6ksac5><;91::9<9
nttp?//www.gclkcg.mfe.pj/gijcmkg/cftkmkg-jc-sf`f-7:-ekcutfs-pcp-kljctkdkmgrg-
ag`gs-y-gregs-dujif-lkspgrglgs-gmtfs-lj`kmtkvfs-<==127.gspx
 

GCJ^F]

JC ]Ý
]Ý@F
@F 7: EK
EKCZ
CZ\F
\F]
] RC
RCR
R KL
KLJC
JC\K
\KDK
DKMG
MGQÇ
QÇ AG
AG@G
@G]
] [ GQ
GQEG
EG]
] LJ DZ
DZJI
JIF
F
LK]RGQGLG] JC GM\F] LJ@KM\KTF]

]f`f 7: ekcutfs `j tfegrç g `g Rf`kmåg Cgmkfcg` lj` Rjrÿ kljctkdkmgr `gs ag`gs y gregs lj
dujif lkspgrglgs jc gmtfs mrkekcg`js, irgmkgs uc efljrcf skstjeg prjsjctglf nfy pfr 
jsg kcstktumkýc, quj ljog gtrçs j` prfmjlkekjctf egcug` quj lurgag sjegcgs y ngstg
ejsjs. ]j trgtg lj` ]kstjeg Kctjirglf lj Kljctkdkmgmkýc Ag`åstkmg (KAK]), j` eçs gvgczglf
lj` euclf, j` mug` duj kcstg`glf jc `g Lkrjmmkýc lj Mrkekcg`åstkmg lj `g Rf`kmåg Cgmkfcg`,
jc ucg mjrjefckg quj mfctý mfc `g prjsjcmkg lj `gs eçs g`tgs gutfrklgljs lj` sjmtfr 
Kctjrkfr.

J` lkrjmt
lkrjmtfr
fr ijcj
ijcjrg`
rg` lj `g RCR,
RCR,
ljstgmý
ljstgmý quj jstg
jstg efljrcg
efljrcg
njrrgekj
njrrgekjctg
ctg kcdf
kcdfreçt
reçtkmg
kmg lj
gcç`ksks mf`fmg g `g kcstktumkýc g`
ckvj` lj `gs ejofrjs Rf`kmågs lj`
euclf jc egtjrkg lj pjrktgoj

ag`åstkmf, y dfrtg`jmj j` mfeagtj

mfctrg `g lj`kcmujcmkg y j` mrkejc
frigckzglf. ‐Ljogefs gtrçs j`
trglkmkfcg` prfmjlkekjctf egcug` lj kljctkdkmgmkýc ag`åstkmg, quj ljefrgag sjegcgs y
ngstg ejsjs. Gnfrg guejctgrç cujstrg mgpgmklgl rjsf`utkvg y mfctgrjefs mfc
lkmtçejcjs pjrkmkg`js mfcm`uyjctjs y fpfrtucfs―.

J` Lkrjmtfr jxp`kmý quj j` skstjeg pjrektj mfepgrgr uc prfyjmtk` utk`kzglf jc uc njmnf

lj`kmtkvf (nfekmklkf, gsg`tf f jcdrjctgekjctf greglf, jctrj ftrfs) mfc `g agsj lj lgtfs
quj sj mfcstrukrç g pgrtkr lj `gs prujags lj lkspgrf quj ljajrçc ngmjr qukjcjs sf`kmktjc
 

`kmjcmkg pgrg pfrtgr gregs. Lj` eksef eflf, sj g`egmjcgrç kcdfregmkýc prfmjljctj lj
`gs eujstrgs lj ag`g, `fs mgsquk``fs (pgrtj lj` prfyjmtk` quj qujlg trgs j` lkspgrf) y ngstg
drgiejctfs lj euckmkýc jcmfctrglfs jc `g jsmjcg lj` mrkejc, sjgc lj usf mkvk` f ek`ktgr.

Ljtg``ý quj ucg vjz rjmfiklg `g eujstrg js sfejtklg g uc gcç`ksks ekmrfsmýpkmf pgrg

ljtjrekcgr `gs mgrgmtjråstkmgs prfpkgs lj` greg. Mugclf ngy uc lkspgrf, jc j` mgsquk``f y
jc j` prfyjmtk` qujlgc egrmgs quj g skep`j vkstg cf sfc pjrmjptka`js, pjrf
ekmrfsmýp
ekmrfsmýpkmge
kmgejctj
jctj så. ‐Mglg
‐Mglg greg ljog ucgs
ucgs sj÷g`js
sj÷g`js pgrtkmu
pgrtkmu`grj
`grjs
s y ÿckmgs,
ÿckmgs, mfef `g
nuj``g lkiktg` jc `fs nuegcfs―.

@fs prfyjmtk`js y mgsquk``fs rjmfiklfs jc `g jsmjcg lj` mrkejc sfc kctjirglfs g` skstjeg
KAK],
KAK], mgptur
mgpturçc
çclf
lfsj
sj `gs
`gs keçij
keçijcj
cjs
s lj `fs
`fs eksefs
eksefs,, qu
quj
j sfc mfepg
mfepgrgl
rglfs
fs lj df
dfreg
reg
gutfeçtkmg pfr j` jqukpf jctrj tflg `g agsj lj lgtfs quj pfsjj j` prfirgeg. ‐Lj jstg
egcjrg, j` pjrktf ag`åstkmf pujlj jstga`jmjr sk j` greg sj jcmujctrg rj`gmkfcglg mfc ftrfs
lj`ktfs―.

Jxp`kmý quj j` skstjeg KAK] tkjcj mugtrf mfepfcjctjs? ucg jstgmkýc lj mfepgrgmkýc lj
mgsquk``
mgsquk``fs,
fs, ljcfekc
ljcfekcglg
glg Argsstrg
Argsstrgx8
x8 ftrg lj mfepgrgm
mfepgrgmkýc
kýc lj prfyjmtk
prfyjmtk`js
`js (Au``jtt
(Au``jttrgx)8
rgx)8 uc
eýlu`f lj gcç`ksks (egtmnpfkct), y uc sjrvklfr lj g`egmjcgekjctf lj lgtfs. J` tktu`gr lj `g
RCR
RCR sj÷g`
sj÷g`ý
ý quj
quj KAK]
KAK] tkj
tkjcj
cj ucg
ucg mg
mgpg
pgmkl
mklgl
gl lj g`egm
g`egmjc
jcgek
gekjc
jctf
tf lj lg
lgtfs
tfs lj 9;
9;,12
,122
2
mgsquk``fs y =;,422 prfyjmtk`js, pjrf pujlj gep`kgrsj jc `g ejlklg lj `gs cjmjsklgljs.

Zcg lj `gs vjctgogs lj jstj skstjeg,

utk`kzglf tgeakëc pfr j` DAK lj Jstglfs
Zckl
Zcklfs
fs y `g Rf`k
Rf`kmå
måg
g lj ftrf
ftrfs
s pg
pgås
åsjs
js
ljsgrrf``glfs, js quj skep`kdkmg j`
mgepf lj gcç`ksks jc `g kljctkdkmgmkýc
lj` prfyjmtk` y lj` greg g `g quj
pjrtjcjmký, lkof.

‐Mugc
‐Mugclf
lf `g `gafr
`gafr sj rjg`kz
rjg`kzga
gag
g
egcug`ejctj sj tjcåg quj pgrtkr lj uc
 

uckvjrsf gep`kf lj ljmjcgs lj gregs lj dujif, pjrf gnfrg sj pujlj kckmkgr `g pjrkmkg
ag`åstkmg g pgrtkr lj mkcmf f sjks gregs prjsj`jmmkfcglgs pfr j` skstjeg KAK] lj egcjrg
kcejlkgtg―.

Jc @keg, Mnkm`gyf y Grjqukpg

J` Lkrjm
Lkrjmtfr
tfr lj `g RCR,
RCR, kclkm
kclkmý
ý quj
quj jstj
jstj skstj
skstjeg
eg fp
fpjrg
jrgrç
rç kckmkg
kckmkg`ej
`ejctj
ctj jc @keg,
@keg, jc j`
Ljpgrtgejctf lj Ag`åstkmg y Jxp`fskvfs lj `g Lkrjmmkýc lj Mrkekcg`åstkmg lj `g RCR8 gså
mfef jc `gs Fdkmkcgs lj Mrkekcg`åstkmg lj Mnkm`gyf y Grjqukpg, ljslj lfclj sj muarkrç g
`g rjikýc cfrtj y sur lj` pgås. ‐@fs pjrktfs lj @keg y Grjqukpg yg dujrfc mgpgmktglfs jc j`
usf lj jstfs jqukpfs y sj ngmj `f prfpkf mfc `fs lj Mnkm`gyf―, gcftý `g eçxkeg gutfrklgl
pf`kmkg`.

J` tktu`gr lj `g RCR suargyý quj `g kcvjstkigmkýc mrkekcg` ejlkgctj j` KAK] sj

mfep`jejctgrç mfc `g prýxkeg kcstg`gmkýc lj` ]kstjeg lj Kljctkdkmgmkýc Lgmtk`gr (mfcfmklf
mfef GDK]), quj pjrektkrç `g kljctkdkmgmkýc kcstgctçcjg lj pjrsfcgs mfc gctjmjljctjs
pf`kmkg`js. @g mjrjefckg lj kcguiurgmkýc lj` KAK] jstuvf jcmgajzglg pfr j` ekckstrf lj`
Kctjrkfr, qukjc ljstgmý quj j` usf lj jstg efljrcg njrrgekjctg mf`fmg g `g RCR g` ckvj`
lj `gs ejofrjs Rf`kmågs lj` euclf.

]fstuvf, tgeakëc, quj mfc jstj skstjeg sj ljeujstrg `g dkrej vf`uctgl lj` Ifakjrcf lj

lftgr g `g RCR lj `g ejofr tjmcf`fiåg y j` jqukpgekjctf jc kcvjstkigmkýc mrkekcg` y `umng

mfctrg `g lj`kcmujcmkg. ]j rjdkrký quj `g glqukskmkýc lj` skstjeg KAK] duj pfska`j irgmkgs g
uc mfcvjckf mfc j` ifakjrcf lj Mgcglç susmrktf pfr j` sjmtfr Kctjrkfr y ljegclý ucg
kcvjrskýc lj 72.: ek``fcjs lj cujvfs sf`js. J` gmtf lj kcguiurgmkýc mfctý tgeakëc mfc `g
prjsjcmkg lj` lkrjmtfr lj Mrkekcg`åstkmg lj `g RCR, qukjc suargyý quj mfc `g utk`kzgmkýc lj
jstj efljrcf skstjeg sj garj ucg cujvg pçikcg jc `g nkstfrkg lj `g kcvjstkigmkýc mrkekcg`
jc Rjrÿ.