@lnuj Urkotbou` >

YHB KGCOK JI@UIGC ^L^KJ (KJ^) NKJK@ TY@MI] KB]

UIGNKAYJYKG
@bor
@borlm
lmkk nk
nkpk
pktt nbhu
nbhu`p
`pkb
kb pk
pknk
nk mi
mirm
rmkc
kckb
kb hi
higb
gbss mk
mkak
akg
g `kok
`kokgk
gkg,
g, mk
mkbo
bo
`kokgkg ykgc mirmigtuo pknkt `kupug `kokgkg ykgc mirmigtuo dkbr. Ygtuo
`igcitkaub hu`jka mkotirb ykgc tirokgnugc ; crk` sk`pij mkakg `kokgkg pknkt
ktku ; `j mkakg `kokgkg dkbr ykgc nbpirbosk, `kok pirju nbjkouokg pigcigdirkg
sk`pij tirsimut. Aksbj pigcigdirkg bgb oi`unbkg nbbgloujksbokg pknk `inbu`
ji`pig
ji`pigc
c nkg nbbgou
nbbgoumks
mksbok
bokg.
g. Titijk
Titijka
a `ksk
`ksk bgoumk
bgoumksb,
sb, hu`jka
hu`jka oljlg
oljlgbb mkotir
mkotirbb
nbabtugc
nbabtugc nigckg
nigckg `i`piraktbo
`i`piraktbokg
kg fkotlr
fkotlr pigcigdirkg
pigcigdirkggyk.
gyk. Kbr ykgc nbolgsu`sb
nbolgsu`sb
ljia `kgusbk mirkskj nkrb su`mir pir`uokkg nkg su`mir nkjk` tkgka.
Uirtu`muakg mkotirb nigckg mirmkckb dkrk ykgc skjka sktugyk ykbtu uhb kgcok
ji`pigc tltkj. Uigcuourkg nigckg pjkttbgc tidagbqui (uhb kgcok ji`pigc tltkj)
`irupkokg `itlni pirabtugckg hu`jka sij tk`pko (vbsbmji) nkg nbnkskrokg pknk
ksu`sb
ksu`sb mkawk
mkawk mkotir
mkotirbb abnup
abnup kokg
kokg tu`mua
tu`mua,, `i`mij
`i`mijka,
ka, nkg `i`prl
`i`prlnuo
nuosb
sb sktu
oljlgb tugcckj. Tktukg pirabtugckg ykgc nbpkokb knkjka DFY (Dljlgy
( Dljlgy Flr`bgc
Ygbt) nigckg dkrk `i`mukt sirb pigcigdirkg sk`pij nkg `igu`muaokg sk`pij
pknk `inbk pknkt. Uigcuourkg nbjkouokg pknk pjkti nigckg hu`jka oljlgb
mirobskr =9-=95 ktku 45-455.
@itlni oukgtbtktbf nbcugkokg ugtuo `igcitkaub hu`jka `borlmk ykgc knk
pknk suktu sk`pij, u`u`gyk nboigkj nigckg Kgcok Ji`pigc ^ltkj (KJ^). Yhb
Kgcok Ji`pigc ^ltkj (KJ^) nkg jimba tipktgyk KJ^ kirlm `islfbj ktku kgkirlm
`islfbj `igccugkokg `inbk pknkt nigckg aksbj koabr mirupk oljlgb ykgc nkpkt
nbk`
nbk`kt
ktbb sidkrk
sidkrk vbsu
vbsukj
kj mi
miru
rupk
pk kg
kgco
cokk nk
nkjk
jk`
` ol
oljl
jlgb
gb (DFY
(DFY)) pi
pirr `j/c
`j/crk
rk`
` kt
ktku
ku
oljlgb/;55`j. Dkrk ykgc nbcugkokg kgtkrk jkbg nigckg dkrk tukgc, dkrk titis, nkg
dkrk simkr (MUL@, =551).
Urbg
Urbgsbp
sbp pi
pigc
gcuh
uhbk
bkg
g Kgco
Kgcokk Ji`p
Ji`pig
igc
c ^ltk
^ltkjj `igu
`iguru
rutt @itl
@itlni
ni Kgkj
Kgkjbsb
bsbss
@borlmbljlcb (@K UUL@ 6;/@BO/56) ykbtu pirtu`muakg oljlgb mkotirb kirlm
`islfbj sitijka dupjbokg nbbgloujksbokg pknk `inbk ji`pigc kckr nigckg dkrk

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;55

tukgc nkg nbbgoumksb pknk suau ykgc sisukb. Uknk pigcuhkg Kgcok Ji`pigc
^ltkj
^ltkj nbcug
nbcugkok
kokg
g UNF (Uiptl
(Uiptlg
g Nbjutb
Nbjutblg
lg Fjubn)
Fjubn) simkck
simkckbb pigcig
pigcigdir
dir sk`pij
sk`pij nkg
`igccu
`igccugko
gkokg
kg UDK
UDK (Ujkti
(Ujkti Dlugt
Dlugt Kckr)
Kckr) simkckb
simkckb `inbk
`inbk pknktg
pknktgyk.
yk. Yhb kgcok
kgcok

ji`pigc
ji`pigc tltkj
tltkj `irupk
`irupkokg
okg `itlni
`itlni ykgc
ykgc u`u`
u`u` nbcugk
nbcugkokg
okg ugtuo
ugtuo `igca
`igcabtu
btugc
gc
knkgyk mkotirb ykgc tirnkpkt nkjk` sinbkkg ykgc nbpirbosk. Yhb kgcok ji`pigc
tltkj nkpkt nbjkouokg nigckg nuk tiogbo, ykbtu tiogbo dkwkg tukgc ( plur pjkti)
pjkti)
nk
nkg
g tiog
tiogbo
bo simkrk
simkrkg
g (sprikn pjkti).
pjkti). Uknk
Uknk prbgsb
prbgsbpgy
pgykk nbjkou
nbjkouokg
okg pigcig
pigcigdirk
dirkg
g
tiraknkp
tiraknkp sinbkkg
sinbkkg ykgc nbpirbosk
nbpirbosk oi`unbkg
oi`unbkg nbjkouokg pigkgk`kg
pigkgk`kg pknk `inbk
ji`pigc kckr. Hu`jka oljlgb mkotirb ykgc tu`mua pknk ji`pigc kckr nbabtugc
sitij
sitijka
ka bg
bgou
oumk
mksb
sb pk
pknk
nk su
suau
au nk
nkg
g wkot
wkotu
u yk
ykgc
gc si
sisu
sukb
kb.. Ui
Uira
rabt
btug
ugck
ckg
g nb
nbjk
jkou
ouok
okg
g
tiraknkp pitrb nigckg hu`jka oljlgb mkotirb kgtkrk 45-455. Kgcok ji`pigc tltkj
nbgykt
nbgyktkok
kokg
g simkck
simkckbb hu`jka
hu`jka oljlgb
oljlgb mkotirb
mkotirb aksbj
aksbj pirabt
pirabtugc
ugckg
kg nbokjb
nbokjbokg
okg fkotlr
fkotlr

pigcigdirkg. Urbgsbp nkrb `itlni dkwkg tukgc knkjka mbjk sij nbtu`muaokg pknk
`inbu`, `kok `borlmk tirsimut kokg miroi`mkgc mbko nkg `i`migtuo oljlgb
yk
ykgc
gc nk
nkpk
pktt nbjb
nbjbak
aktt jkgc
jkgcsu
sugc
gc nk
nkg
g oi
oi`u
`unb
nbkg
kg nb
nbab
abtu
tugc
gc tkgpk
tkgpk `igc
`igccu
cugk
gkok
okg
g
`borlsolp.

Tykrkt-sykrkt `itlni ykgc mkbo knkjka 8

k. Tusugkg `kokgkg akrus tirpiguab ugtuo pirtu`muakg mkotirb, `bsskj su`mir
gbtrlcig nkg su`mir okrmlg.
m. ^iokgkg ls`lsbs akrus bsltlgbs
d. Nirkhkt oiksk`kg (pA) rijktbf gitrkj
n. ^i`pirktur bgoumksb siobtkr 43µD
i. Ttirbjbtks akrus tirhkck nigckg `igcirhkokggyk sidkrk ksiptbs
Kckr oicbktkg prkotbou` mirhkjkg jkgdkr, pijkhkrb `lnuj prkotbou` nigckg
sugccua-su
sugccua-sugccu
gccua.
a. Timiju`
Timiju` `ijkouokg
`ijkouokg prkotbou`,
prkotbou`, pirsbkpokg si`uk kjkt nkg
mkakg ykgc nbpirjuokg, nkg jitkookg pknk ti`pkt ykgc siakrusgyk. Jkouokg
prlsinur prkotbou` tkgpk `i`mkdk jkcb pkgnukg prkotbou`, nigckg mkbo nkg
migkr, nkjk` akj bgb Urkotbokg tbnko nbpirmljiaokg `i`mkwk hurgkj prkotbou`
nkg muou pkgnukg prkotbou` oi nkjk` rukgc mirsba.

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;5;

Titijka `ijkouokg prkotbou` bgb, `kok Urkotbokg nbakrkpokg nkpkt8
;. `ighijksokg kjkt-kjkt nkg mkakg
mkakg ykgc nbcugkokg.

=. `i`pirkckokg tiogbo `igck`mbj nkrb kbr orkg/su`ur/sugckb

4. `igcitkaub tiogbo pigcigdirkg
>. `igcitkaub dkrk `igitkpokg Kgcok Ji`pigc ^ltkj

Kckr ol`pitigsb nb ktks nkpkt nbdkpkb nigckg mkbo, `kok `ktirb nkjk` `lnuj
prkotbou` bgb nboi`ks nkjk` = (nuk) oicbktkg prkotbou` simkckb
simkckb mirbout.
Oicbktkg Urkotbou` ;. Dkrk `igck`mbj sk`pij nkrb kbr orkg/su`ur/sugckb
Oicbktkg Urkotbou` =. Dkrk pigcigdirkg sk`pij (Yhb KJ^)

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;5=

 Oicbktkg Urkotbou` ;
Dkrk Uigck`mbjkg Tk`pij

Timiju`
Timiju` `ijkou
`ijkouokg
okg bsljksb
bsljksb tirjimb
tirjimba
a nkauju
nkauju nbjkou
nbjkouokg
okg pigck`
pigck`mbj
mbjkg
kg
sk`pij.
Mirbout `irupkokg prlsinur pigck`mbjkg sk`pij.
;. Tk`p
Tk`pij
ij tkg
tkgka
Hbok `borllrckgbs`i ykgc nbbgcbgokg oi`ugcobgkg mirknk nb nkjk` tkgka,
`kok dkrk pigck`mbjkggyk nbsisukbokg nigckg tuhukg nkg oimutuakg. @bskj hbok
ykgc
ykgc nbbgcb
nbbgcbgok
gokg
g `borll
`borllrck
rckgbs
gbs`k
`k rabzls
rabzlsfir
fir `kok
`kok sk`pij
sk`pij nbk`mb
nbk`mbjj nkrb
nkrb siobtkr
siobtkr
pirkokrkg niokt pir`uokkg abgcck uhugc
uhugc pirkokrkg..
=. Tk`pij kbr

Uigck`mbjkg sk`pij kbr mirckgtugc oipknk oiknkkg kbr btu signbrb. Hbok
miirkskj nkrb kbr sugckb ykgc `igckjbr `kok mltlj nbdijupokg `brbgc nigckg mbmbr
mltlj `ijkwkg krus kbr. Mbjk pigck`mbjkg sk`pij nbjkouokg pknk kbr ykgc tigkgc,
mltlj nkpkt nbdijupokg nigckg tkjb, hbok bgcbg `igck`mbj sk`pij nkrb kbr oirkg
`kok
simiju`yk oirkg nbkjbrokg nuju mimirkpk skkt nkg `ujut orkg nbmkokr.

Ck`mkr >.; Dkrk pigck`mbjkg sk`pij nkrb mirmkckb su`mir kbr

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;54

K. Kjkt
jk`pu spbrbtus, mltlj sk`pij.

M. Mkakg
Tk`pij kbr nkrb mirmkckb su`mir kbr, kjolalj.

D. Urlsinur
Uigybkpkg sk`pij

;. Kbr Orkg
k. Sknka nkg mltlj ykg
kgc
c nbcugkokg simkckb wkn
knkka nbsti
stirbjokg
`igccugkokg ltlojkf.
m. Muok orkg nkg mbkrokg kbr orkg `igckjbr
`igckjbr mimirkpk skkt, tutup orkg.
d. @ujut
@ujut orkg nb
nb jkp nigckg
nigckg kjola
kjolalj
lj (mbjk
(mbjk pirju nb mkokr
mkokr mimirkpk
mimirkpk skkt).
skkt).
n. Muok
Muok orkg jkju
jkju mbkro
mbkrokg
kg kbr oi
oiju
jukr
kr mimirkp
mimirkpkk skkt
skkt nk
nkg
g tk
tk`p
`pug
ugc
c nk
nkjk
jk`
`
wknka stirbj.
=. Kbr Uir`uokkg
k. Mltl
Mltljj stirb
stirbjj nb`k
nb`ksu
suok
okg
g oi nkjk`
nkjk` kbr
kbr pi
pir`
r`uo
uokkg
kkg abgcck
abgcck tutup
tutup wknk
wknka
a
mirknk + =5 d` nkrb pir`uokkg kbr.
m. ^k`pugc kbr ykgc `ksuo nkjk` wknka.
wknka.

Dkrk Uigck`mbjkg Tk`pij

;) Timi
Timiju
ju`
` pi
pigc
gck`
k`mb
mbjk
jkg
g sk`pi
sk`pijj kbr,
kbr, tkgc
tkgckg
kg nb ksipt
ksiptbo
bo ti
tirji
rjimb
mba
a nk
nkau
auju
ju
nigckg
nigckg `igccu
`igccugko
gkokg
kg kjolal
kjolaljj 35%,
35%, akj bgb `igdic
`igdicka
ka pigck`
pigck`mbj
mbjkg
kg
sk`pij kbr nkrb tkgckg ykgc tirolgtk`bgksb.
=) Jkju
Jkju orkg nbmuo
nbmuokk pi
pigu
gua,
a, `igck
`igckjb
jbro
rokg
kg kbr =-
=-4
4 `igb
`igbtt ktku
ktku nb
nbkg
kgcc
cckp
kp
duoup ugtuo `i`mirsbaokg `ujut orkg, oi`unbkg nbtutup oi`mkjb.
4) @igykj
@igykjkok
kokg
g mug
mugsig
sig nigckg
nigckg olrio
olrio kpb.
kpb.
>) @ujut
@ujut orkg
orkg nbpkg
nbpkgkso
ksokg
kg sk`pkb
sk`pkb tb`m
tb`muj
uj ukp
ukp kbr oiju
oijukr.
kr.

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;5>

 9) Muok
Muok mltlj sk`pij
sk`pij nkrb
nkrb oirtks pijbg
pijbgnu
nugc
gc (nbmuok
(nbmuok sk`pkb
sk`pkb sitigc
sitigcka
ka skhk
ugtuo
ugtuo `igcabgnkrb
`igcabgnkrb olgtk`bgksb).
olgtk`bgksb). ^utup
^utup mltlj
mltlj nkg oirtks pijbgnugc
nbk`mb
nbk`mbjj simkck
simkckbb sktu
sktu oisktu
oisktukg
kg nkg nbpick
nbpickgc
gc kgtkrk
kgtkrk hkrb-hk
hkrb-hkrb
rb tkgckg
tkgckg

(tut
(tutup
up mltl
mltljj hkgc
hkgckg
kg nbtk
nbtkru
rua
a sisi`m
`mkr
krkg
kgck
ckgg ugugtu
tuo
o `igc
`igcab
abgn
gnkr
krbb
olgtk`bgksb). Uigck`mbjkg akrus nbjkouokg sidkrk ksiptbs.
6) Mbmb
Mbmbrr mltl
mltljj sk
sk`p
`pij
ij nbpk
nbpkgk
gksb
sb abgc
abgcck
ck du
duou
oup
p pk
pkgk
gks.
s. @igc
@igcbs
bsbb ml
mltl
tljj
nigckg
nigckg sk`pij kbr abg
abgcck
cck 35
35%
% mltlj,
mltlj, akj bgb mirtuhukg
mirtuhukg kckr
kckr sbsk
rukg
rukgck
ckg
g ml
mltl
tljj `ksba
`ksba kn
knkk un
unkr
krkk ug
ugtu
tuo
o `bor
`borll
llrc
rckg
kgbs`
bs`ii (u
(ugt
gtuo
uo
pi`irboskkg mkotirbljlcbs).
3) Mbmbr
Mbmbr mltlj
mltlj nbpkgksb
nbpkgksb jkcb
jkcb abgcck
abgcck duoup
duoup pkgks
pkgks jkju sidipk
sidipktgy
tgykk nbtutup
nbtutup
oi`mkjb.
1) @i`ktb
@i`ktbokg
okg kpb
kpb nb mugs
mugsig
ig nigc
nigckg
kg pigut
pigutup
up mugs
mugsig.
ig.

2) Oi`u
Oi`unb
nbkg
kg `i`m
`i`mirirbb jkmij
jkmij..
;5) @igcirhkokg
@igcirhkokg sidkrk
sidkrk ksiptbs nkg aktb-aktb.
aktb-aktb.

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;59

 Oicbktkg Urkotbou` =
Dkrk Uigcigdirkg Tk`pij

Bsljksb Nigckg Dkrk Uigcigdirkg (Nbjutblg)

;. ^iogbo Uripkrksb Tuspigsb

T k ` pi
pi j y k gc
gc t i j ka
ka n b k `m
`m b j o i `u
` u n b kg
kg n b s us
us p i gs
gs b o k g n k j k`
k`
ko u kn is stirbj.
^ uh
u h uk
u k g n k rb
r b t i og
og bo
b o b g b p k nk
nk p r bg
bg s bp
b p gy
g y k k n kj
k j k a ` ij
i j k ru
r u t ok
ok g k t ku
ku
`ijipksokg `borlmk nkrb sumstrktgyk oi nkjk` kbr siabgcck jimba
`unka pigkgckgkggyk.

@kdk`-`kdk` pripkrksb mirckgtugc oipknk migtuo sk`pij 8

k. T wkm (u jks), n bjko u o kg `ig c c u g ko kg dl ttl g m u n stirbj p kn k
s k `p
` p ij
i j y kg
k g c ` i `b
`b jb
j b o b p ir
i r ` uo
uo k kg
kg j uk
u k s n k g p k nk
nk u `u
` u `g
` g yk
y k s u jb
jb t
nbpbgnkaokg ktku sisuktu pknk mignk tirsimut.
Dlgtlagyk knkjka `ihk, mktu, mkt kgc okyu njj.
D k r kg
kg y k n i gc
g c k g ` i g cu
cu s k po
po k g d l t tl
tl g m u n ` i `u
` u t k r s i a bg
b g c ck
ck
s i ju
j u r ua
ua p i r`
r ` uo
u o kk
k k g o k pk
pk s n k rb
rb d l t tl
tl g mun o l gt
gt k o n i g ck
ck g
pi
pir`uokkg sk`pij. Twkm kokg jimba mkbo hbok d l tt
tt l
lgg m un
un
n bdiju p okg
okg tirjim ba n ka u ju o i n kjk` jkru tkg ktrko tkg si`bskj p ip tl g
wktir.

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;56

m.
m. ]bgsi (mbjks) nbtuhuokg ugtuo `ijkrutokg sij-sij `borlmk
y kg c `ig i`p ij p kn k p ir`u o kkg su m strkt y kg c ju ks tkp b rijktbf
mi
miruourkg oidbj, `bskjgyk nkug, mugck, njj. ]bgsi `irupkokg

pr
prlsinur oirhk nigckg `igdijupokg sk`pij oi nkjk` kouknis
nigckg pirmkgnbgckg ; 8 2 (w/v).
Dl g tl ag
ag y k sk`p ij n ku g n bk`m bj n kg n btb`m kgc
kgc 9 c o i`u n bkg
bkg
nbmbjks nigckg kouknis >9 `j ykgc tirnkpkt nkjk` mikoir cjkss.

d. @ksirktbl g (p ig c a kg du rkg ), sk`p ij y kg c m irm ig tu o p kn kt

n kp kt
n btu `m uo
uo n ig c kg `l rtkr n kg stk`p ir sia bg c ck
ck `bo rl m k y kg c
k n k n b pi
pi r `u
` u ok
ok k g k t ku
ku nb n kj
kj k ` n kkp
pkt t i rj
r j i pk
pk s o i `u
`u nb
nb k g
nbjkrutokg oi
nkjk` kbr. Dlgtla sk`pijgyk kgtkrk jkbg mkosl, mbhb, muka njj.
U i rm
r m kg
k g nb
n b g ck
ck g k gt
g t k r m i r kt
k t s k `p
` p ij
i j n i gc
gc kg
kg p iig
g ci
c i g di
di r kg
k g p i rt
rt k `k
`k
kn kjka
; 8 2 (w/v). Ygtuo sk`pij nkrb tkgka tko pirju nb`ksirksb.

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;53

=. ^iogbo Uigcigdirkg Mirtbgcokt
^uhukg nkrb pigcigdirkg mirtbgcokt ykbtu `i`piroidbj ktku
` ig
i g cu
cu r kg
k g cb
cb h u`
u ` jk
jk a ` bo
b o rrl
lm k y kg
kg c t iirr su
s u ssp
p ig
i g ssbb n kj
k j kk`
` d kkbb rk
rk g
g..

U ig
i g ig
i g ttu
u kg
k g m is
is kkrr gy
g y k k tk
t k u m kg
k g y ko
k o gy
gy k t bg
b g co
co kt
kt p ig
i g ci
ci g
gdd iirr kkg
g
tirckgtugc oipknk pirobrkkg hu`jka `borlmk nkjk` sk`pij.
Nbc u g ko kg p irm kg n bg c kg ; 8 2 u g tu o sk`p ij n kg p ig c ig dirkg
pi
pirtk`k nkg sijkghutgyk, siabgcck pigcigdirkg mirboutgyk
`igckgnugc ;/;5 sij `borllrckgbs`k nkrb pigcigdirkg simiju`gyk.

k. Tk`
Tk`pij
pij ykg
ykgc `i
`ig
gckg
ckgnu
nugc
gc mko
mkotirb
tirb nb`ks
b`ksuo
uokg
kg oi nkjk
nkjk`
` tk
tkm
mug
ugc
c
pigcigdirkg
pirtk`k (;/;5 ktku ;5-;) sidkrk ksiptbs (nkrb pripkrksb suspigsb). Uirmkgnbgckg
Uirmkgnbgckg
mirkt
sk`pij nigckg vlju`i tkmugc pirtk`k knkjka ; 8 2 nkg bgckt kouknis ykgc
nbcugkokg hbok `i`kokb tiogbo rbgsi nkg swkm sunka tir`ksuo pigcigdir ;5 -;.
Titijka sk`pij `ksuo jkju nbjkrutokg nigckg `igcldlogyk (pigcldlokg ykgc
migkr nkpkt nbjbakt pknk ck`mkr nbktks).

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;51

 m. Nbk`mbj ; `j nkrb tkmugc ;5-; nigckg pbpit uour oi`unbkg nbpbgnkaokg
oi tkmugc ;5-= sidkrk ksiptbs oi`unbkg nboldlo nigckg `i`migturokg tkmugc
oi tijkpko
tijkpko tkgckg sk`pkb al`lcig.
al`lcig. Ui`bgnkakg
Ui`bgnkakg nbjkghutok
nbjkghutokg
g abgcck
abgcck tkmugc
tkmugc

pigcigdirkg tirkoabr nigckg dkrk ykgc sk`k, akj ykgc pirju nbbgckt mkawk
pbpit uour ykgc nbcugkokg akrus sijkju nbckgtb, krtbgyk sitbkp tbgcokt
pigcigdirkg nbcugkokg pbpit uour stirbj ykgc mirmink/mkru. Urbgsbpgyk mkawk
pbpit tbnko pirju nbckgtb hbok `i`bgnkaokg
`i`bgnkaokg dkbrkg nkrb su`mir ykgc sk`k.
Bgtirpritksb Aksbj8
Dkrk `igcabtugc oljlgb pknk dkwkg knkjka simkckb mirbout 8

;. Dkwkg ykgc
ykgc nbpbjba
nbpbjba nkg nbabtu
nbabtugc
gc knkjka
knkjka ykgc `igckg
`igckgnugc
nugc hu`jka
hu`jka oljlgb
oljlgb
kgtkrk 45-455
=. Mimirkpk
Mimirkpk oljlgb
oljlgb ykgc
ykgc mirckmug
mirckmugc
c `ighknb
`ighknb sktu `irupko
`irupkokg
kg suktu ou`pujkg
ou`pujkg
oljlgb ykgc miskr nb`kgk hu`jka oljlgbgyk nbrkcuokg, nbabtugc simkckb
sktu oljlgb.

Ck`mkr >.= Ck`mkr Oljlgb

4. Tuktu
Tuktu niritkg
niritkg (rkgtkb)
(rkgtkb) oljlgb
oljlgb ykgc tirjbakt
tirjbakt simkckb
simkckb rkgtkb timkj
timkj nbabtu
nbabtugc
gc
simkckb rkgtkb oljlgb

Ck`mkr >.4 Ck`mkr Oljlgb

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;52

 Nktk
Nktk yk
ykgc
gc nbjk
nbjkpl
plro
rokg
kg simkc
simkckb
kb ‚T
‚Ttk
tkgn
gnkr
kr Ujkt
Ujktii Dlug
Dlugt‐
t‐ ak
akru
russ `igc
`igcbo
bout
utbb

pirkturkg-pirkturkg simkckb mirbout 8

;. Aksbj ykgc
ykgc nbjkplro
nbjkplrokg
kg akgyk
akgyk tirnbrb nkrb
nkrb nuk kgcok,
kgcok,ykbtu
ykbtu kgcok
kgcok pirtk`k
pirtk`k nb
nipkg ol`k nkg kgcok oinuk nbmijkokgc ol`k. Hbok kgcok ykgc oitbck
sk`k nigckg ktku jimba miskr nkrb jb`k,akrus
jb`k,akrus nbmujktokg
nbmujktokg sktu kgcok jimba
tbgccb pknk kgcok ykgc oinuk.
=. Hbok
Hbok si`u
si`ukk pi
pigc
gcig
igdir
dirkg
kg yk
ykgc
gc nbmu
nbmukt
kt ug
ugtu
tuo
o pi
pi`u
`upu
puok
okg
g `igc
`igcak
aksb
sbjo
jokg
kg
kgcok ourkgc nkrb 45 oljlgb pknk dkwkg pitrb, akgyk hu`jka oljlgb pknk
pigcigdirkg tirignka ykgc nbabtugc. Aksbjgyk
Aks bjgyk nbjkplrokg simkckb ourkgc
nkrb
nkrb 45 nbok
nbokjb
jbok
okg
g nigc
nigckg
kg fk
fkdt
dtlr
lr pigc
pigcig
igdi
dirk
rkg,
g, ti
titk
tkpb
pb hu
hu`j
`jka
ka ykgc
ykgc
simigkrgyk akrus nbdkgtu`okg nkjk` tkgnk ourugc

4. Hbok
Hbok si`u
si`ukk pi
pigc
gcig
igdir
dirkg
kg yk
ykgc
gc nbmu
nbmukt
kt ug
ugtutuo
o pi
pi`u
`upupuok
okg
g `igc
`igcak
aksb
sbjo
jokg
kg
jimb
jimba
a nk
nkrb
rb 45
455
5 ol
oljl
jlgb
gb pk
pknk
nk dk
dkwk
wkgg pi
pitr
trb,
b, ak
akgy
gykk hu
hu`j
`jka
ka ol
oljl
jlgb
gb pk
pknk
nk
pigcigdirkg ykgc tirtbgccb ykgc nbabtugc, ykbtu nigckg dkrk `igcabtugc
º mkcbkg
mkcbkg dkwkg oi`unbkg
oi`unbkg aksbjg
aksbjgyk
yk nbokjbokg
nbokjbokg nigckg i`pkt. Aksbjgyk
Aksbjgyk
nbjkplrokg simkckb jimba nkrb 455 nbokjbokg nigckg miskrgyk pigcigdirkg,
titkpb hu`jka ykgc simigkrgyk akrus nbdkgtu`okg nkjk` tkgnk ourugc.
>. Hbok
Hbok dkwkg
dkwkg nk
nkrb
rb nu
nukk tbgc
tbgcok
oktt pi
pigc
gcig
igdi
dirkg
rkg `igc
`igcak
aksbj
sbjok
okg
g ol
oljl
jlgb
gb ni
nigc
gckg
kg
hu`jka kgtkrk 45 nkg 455,nkg pirmkgnbgckg kgtkrk aksbj tirtbgccb nk`
aksbj tirignka nkrb oinuk pigcigdirkg tirmut jimba oidbj ktku sk`k nigckg

=, tigtuokg rktk-rktk nkrb oinuk gbjkb tirsimut nigckg `i`pirabtugcokg

pigcigdirkggyk. Hbok pirmkgnbgckg kgtkrk aksbj tirtbgccb nkg tirignka
jimba miskr nkrb =, ykgc nbjkplrokg akgyk aksbj ykgc tiroidbj
9. Hbok
Hbok nbcugkok
nbcugkokg
g = dkwkg
dkwkg pitrb (nupjl
(nupjl)pi
)pirr pigcig
pigcigdirk
dirkg,
g, nktk ykgc nbk`mb
nbk`mbjj
akrus nkrb oinuk dkwkg tirsimut `isobpug skjka sktu nkrb dkwkg tirsimut
tbnko `i`iguab sykrkt kgtkrk 45-455.

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;;5

K. Kjkt
^kmugc rikosb, pbpit vlju`i, irjig`iyir, `borl pbpit, hkru` lsi,
d kkw
w kg
kg p it
i t rb
rb , j k`
k ` pu
pu s pb
p b rb
r b tu
t u ss,, c iijj ks
ks u ou
ou rr,, dl
ljj l
lggy dl
luu gt
gt iirr ,
bgoumktlr.

K. Mkakg
Uiptlg Nbjutblg fjubn (UNF), Ujkti Dlugt kckr (UDK), Tk`pij8 kbr nkrb
mirmkckb su`mir kbr, hk`u, ols`itbo, lmkt, lmkt
lmkt trknbsblgkj.

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;;;

M. Urlsinur
;. Nbsbkp
Nbsbkpokg
okg rukg
rukgc
c nkg `ihk
`ihk oirhk
oirhk stirb
stirbj.
j.
=. Nb
Nbsbk
sbkpo
pokg
kg kjk
kjktt nkg
nkg mka
mkakg
kg

4. Tbkpokg
Tbkpokg tkmugc
tkmugc pigcigdir
pigcigdirkg
kg ykgc mirbsb 2 `j
`j UNF. Tbkpok
Tbkpokg
g kbr ykgc
ykgc kokg
nbuhb simkckb pigcigdirkg ;55
>. K`mb
K`mbjj ; `j sk`pi
sk`pij,
j, `ksuo
`ksuokg
kg oi nkjk`
nkjk` tkmugc
tkmugc ykgc
ykgc mirbsb
mirbsb 2 `j UNF,
UNF,
aksbjgyk `irupkokg pigcigdirkg ;5-;
9. K`mb
K`mbjj ; `j pigc
pigcig
igdi
dirkg ;5-; `ksuokg oi nkjk` tkmugc ykgc mirbsb 2 `j
rkg
UNF. Aksbjgyk `irupkokg pigcigdirkg ;5 -= . Mukt pigcigdirkg ;5-4

6. Nkrb
Nkrb tbkp
tbkp pi
pigc
gcig
igdi
dirk
rkg
g nbpb
nbpbpi
pitt ; `j,`
`j,`ksu
ksuoo
ookg
kg nk
nkjk
jk`
` dk
dkwk
wkg
g pi
pitr
trbb nk
nkg
g
nbmukt nupjl.

3. @ksuokg
@ksuokg ;5 `j UDK
UDK oi nkjk` `ksbgc-`ksbgc
`ksbgc-`ksbgc dkwkg pitrb

1. Clykgc
Clykgc `inbk
`inbk abgcck
abgcck al`lci
al`lcig
g nkg mbkrokg
mbkrokg `i`knkt
`i`knkt
2. Tinb
Tinbko
kokg
kg hu
huck
ck uhb
uhb ol
olgt
gtrl
rljj `inb
`inbk,
k, ol
olgt
gtrl
rljj ru
rukg
kgck
ckg
g nk
nkg
g `inb
`inbkk ni
nigc
gckg
kg
455D
pigcigdir. Bgoumksb sijk`k => hk` pknk suau 45
;5. K`ktb nkg abtugc
abtugc hu`jka oljlgb ykgc knk
;;. ^igtuokg
^igtuokg hu`jka `borlmk nigckg dkrk `igckjbokg hu`jka oljlg
oljlgbb nigckg
nigckg
fkotlr pigcigdirkg.

Tk`pij pknkt/dkbr nb`ksuookg sidkrk ksiptbs

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;;=

Tk`pij nbvlrtix Uigcigdirkg mirtbgcokt ;5-= & nbvlrtix

Uigcigdirkg mirtbgcokt ;5-4 & nbvlrtix Tk`pij nbpbgnkaokg sidkrk ksiptbs oi d.p

Dkwkg pitrb nbputkr kckr sk`pij nkg `inbk tirdk`pur `irktk (`itlni tukgc)

Dkwkg pitrb nbbgoumksb pknk suau 435D sijk`k => hk`

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;;4

AKTBJ U]KO^BOY@
;. Aksbj
Aksbj pigc
pigck`k
k`ktkg
tkg

Aksbj pigck`ktkg ykgc Kgnk jkouokg sijk`k prkotbou`, simkbogyk Kgnk tujbs
nkjk` ji`mkr oirhk mirbout bgb.

Uigcigdirkg
Tu`mir Kbr
;5-; ;5-= ;5-4 ;5-> ;5-9 ;5-6 ;5-3

; = ; = ; = ; = ; = ; = ; =

=. Aksbj
Aksbj pigbjk
pigbjkbkg
bkg
Nlsig pi`mb`mbgc/Bgstruotur prkotbou` kokg `igckwksb prlsis prkotbou` nkg
`igdktkt
`igdktkt sitbkp jkgcoka oicbktkg prkotbou`
prkotbou` ykgc tijka Urkotbokg
Urkotbokg jkouokg. Aksbj
pigck`ktkg Nlsig pi`mb`mbgc/Bbgstruotur
pi`mb`mbgc/Bbgstruotur prkotbou` nbmukt nkjk` tkmij.
Ji`mkr Uigbjkbkg Nlsig pi`mb`mbgc /Bgstruotur Urkotbou`
Uigbjkbkg

Gl. Oicbktkg TOL] Nbjkosk Ourkgc ^bnko

gkokg tipkt nbjkoskgk
(=) (;) okg (5)

B Dkrk Uigck`mbjkg Tk`pij

k. Uigybkpkg Kjkt =
m. Uigybkpkg Mkakg =
d. Ttirbjbsksb kjkt =
n. @igck`mbj sk`pij nkrb kbr =
orkg/su`ur/sugckb
HY@JKA GBJKB B 1

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;;>

 BB Dkrk Uigcigdirkg
k. Uigybkpkg kjkt =
m. Uigybkpkg mkakg =
d. @i
@igcabtugc `inbk =
n. @i`mukt `inbk =
i. @i
@ijkrutokg `inbk =
f. Ttirbjbsksb kjkt nkg mkakg =
c. @i`mukt olgtrlj `inbk =
a. @i`mukt pigcigdirkg =
b. @i
@i`bpit sk`pij =
h. Uigck`ktkg oljlgb =
o. @igcabtugc hu`jka oljlgb =
j. @i`mukt sb`pujkg =
HY@JKA GBJKB BB =>
^ltkj Gbjkb B + BB Hu`jkamig
Hu`jkamig kr
Q ;55
4=

Oisb`pujkg Jujus 0 61
^bnko jujus
jujus 0 : 61

Urkotbokg ykgc tbnko jujus nkjk` prkotbou` bgb pirju `ijkouokg pigcujkgckg
prkotbou`.

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;;9

]KGCOY@KG
@itlni oukgtbtktbf nbcugkokg ugtuo `igcitkaub hu`jka `borlmk ykgc knk
pknk suktu sk`pij, u`u`gyk nboigkj nigckg Kgcok Ji`pigc ^ltkj (KJ^). Yhb

Kgcok Ji`pigc ^ltkj (KJ^) nkg jimba tipktgyk KJ^ kirlm `islfbj ktku kgkirlm
`islfbj `igccugkokg `inbk pknkt nigckg aksbj koabr mirupk oljlgb ykgc nkpkt
nbk`
nbk`ktb
ktb sidkr
sidkrkk vbsu
vbsukj
kj mi
miru
rupk
pk kg
kgco
cokk nk
nkjk
jk`
` ol
oljl
jlgb
gb (DFY
(DFY)) pi
pirr `j/c
`j/crk`
rk` kt
ktku
ku
oljlgb/;55`j. Dkrk ykgc nbcugkokg kgtkrk jkbg nigckg dkrk tukgc, dkrk titis, nkg
dkrk simkr.
Urbg
Urbgsbp
sbp pi
pigc
gcuh
uhbk
bkg
g Kgco
Kgcokk Ji`p
Ji`pig
igc
c ^ltk
^ltkjj `igu
`iguru
rutt @itl
@itlni
ni Kgkj
Kgkjbs
bsbs
bs
@borlmbljlcb (@K UUL@ 6;/@BO/56) ykbtu pirtu`muakg oljlgb mkotirb kirlm
`islfbj sitijka dupjbokg nbbgloujksbokg pknk `inbk ji`pigc kckr nigckg dkrk
tukgc nkg nbbgoumksb pknk suau ykgc sisukb.
sis ukb.

JK^BAKG

Nbsousbokgjka pirtkgykkg nb mkwka bgb nigckg Urkotbokg jkbggyk nkg tujbsokg

hkwkmkggyk nigckg hijksnkg tipkt!
;. Muktjka
Muktjka soi`k
soi`k dkrk pigck`m
pigck`mbjkg
bjkg sk`pij
sk`pij .
=. Muktjka
Muktjka soi`k dkrk
dkrk pigcigdirkg
pigcigdirkg mirtbgcokt<
mirtbgcokt<

UI^YGHYO UIGCI]HKKG TLKJ JK^BAKG

;. Ygtuo `igcirhko
`igcirhkokg
kg slkj jktbakg gl`lr
gl`lr ;, sbjkokg nbmkdk urkbkg
urkbkg nb oicbktkg
pkotbou` ;!
=. Ygtuo `igcirhkokg slkj jktbakg gl`lr =, sbjkokg nbmkdk urkbkg nb oicbktkg
pkotbou` =!

@LNYJ U]KO^BOY@ @BO]LMBLJLCB ;;6