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BK\Z)
B cff
cffcke
cke K ut
utcs
cs e \ ktc`b Z jk
jkfi
fi (BK\Z)
(BK\Z)
‖Fielkr jigfcs pircfkgu yk`b eielk`tu u`tug chi`tcmcgksc ark`b yk`b ei`bkfkec kutcs―
BK\Z tirhcrc hkrc iepkt sultis yk`b lirduefko 9= ctie pir`yktkk` hk` c`mareksc tkelkok`
tirgkct pirgielk`bk` k`kg hkfke : tkou` kwkf giochupk`.
giochupk`.
^ircfkgu stiriatcp, khkfko sultis yk`b hcbu`kgk` u`tug eieircgsk pircfkgu yk`b tchkg
lirekg`k sipirtc4 ei`bufk`b-ufk`bc gktk/birkgk`, ei`ditcggk` dkrc lirgkfc-gkfc, sugk
ei`jcue-jcue li`hk hk` fkc`-fkc`. Zultis c`c tirhcr
t irhcrcc hkrc ;8 ctie pir`yktkk`.
pir`yktkk`.
Gaeu`cgksc, khkfko sultis yk`b lircsc ctie-ctie pir`yktkk` yk`b hcbu`kgk` u`tug
ei`cfkc giekepuk` gaeu`cgksc sisiark`b tirokhkp ark`b fkc`, lkcg ei`bbu`kgk` fcsk`
ekupu` csykrkt. Zultis c`c tirhcrc hkrc ctie gi ;9-<?.
; 9-<?.
C`tirkgsc sasckf, khkfko sultis yk`b hcbu`kgk` u`tug eieircgsk giekepuk` c`tirkgsc
sasckf sisiark`b hi`bk` ark`b fkc` hk` fc`bgu`bk`. Zultis c`tirkgsc sasckf ttirhcrc
irhcrc hkrc ctie
pir`yktkk` gi <3 ‚
<3 ‚ 8<.
8<.
^irgielk`bk`,
^irgielk`bk`, khkfko sultis u`tug eieircgsk pirgielk`bk` sisiark`b pkhk :=
lufk` pirtkek giochupk` (: tkou` pirtkek giochupk`), sioc`bbk hkpkt hcgitkouc
pirgielk`bk` yk`b hcecfcgc sisiark`b sisukc hi`bk` tkokpk` pirgielk`bk` ktku tchkg.
Zultis pirgielk`bk` eifcputc ctie pir`yktkk` gi 8: skepkc hi`bk` 9=.
Khec`cstrksc
Gukfcmcgksc pieircgsk (ixkec`ir )
^ieircgsk khkfko sisiark`b yk`b pramisca`kf hk` lirtk`bbu`b dkwkl u`tug ei`bifafk
(ei`bkhec`cstrksc) pieircgskk` BK\Z, ei`bcsc chi`tctks suldig pkhk lkbck` C hk` ei`jkrc
usck gra`afabcs suldig, eirktk-rktk `cfkc tatkf sultis hkrc huk pi`cfkc ( rktir ) ei`dkhc `cfkc,tatkf
kgocr sultis, eifkgugk` ga`virsc `cfkc sultis BK\Z sisukc usck gra`afabcs,
ei`bc`tirpritkscgk`
ei`bc`tirpritkscgk` okscf pi`cfkck` kgocr BK\Z hk` lirpirk`
lirpirk` hkfke ei`difksgk`
ei`difksgk` okscf
tirsilut gipkhk ark`b tuk hk`/ktku pi`bksuo utkek.
Rkgtu pi`cfkck`
BK\Z tchkg eiecfcgc wkgtu gousus u`tug pi`cfkck``yk, `keu` pi`cfkc ((rktir
rktir ) okrus eiecfcgc
gisiepktk` ei`balsirvksc ec`cekf < ec`bbu lirturut-turut. ^i`cfkc (rktir
( rktir ) hkpkt ei`bktur
jkrk hkfke ei`yifiskcgk` sifuruo ctie yk`b hkpkt hcsifiskcgk` sktu pir sktu ktku
hcsifiskcgk` sktu sisc hkfke 9-;>
9 -;> ei`ct.
Kpklcfk pi`cfkc (rktir ) tchkg ykgc` ktku gisufctk` hkfke ei`balsirvksc hk` ei`cfkc
silirkpk sirc`b suldig ei`u`duggk` pircfkgu tirsilut, ekgk pirfu lk`tuk` pieircgsk
(ixkec`ir ) u`tug eielk`tu pi`cfkck` supkyk filco kgurkt. @keu`, kpklcfk pieircgsk
(ixkec`ir ) tchkg hkpkt ei`balsirvksc fk`bsu`b, ekgk lcsk ei`jkrc c`mareksc hkrc ark`b
yk`b pramisca`kf, ark`b tuk ktku ark`b fkc` yk`b filco ei`bitkouc pircfkgu tirsilut.
?. Duefkogk` stk`hkrh sjari hkrc sultis tirsilut gieuhck` ga`virscgk` ei`dkhc `cfkc Kutcse
`cfkc Kutcse
[uatci`t (fcokt pkhk tklif J).
3. C`tirpritkscgk`
C`tirpr itkscgk` okscf tirsilut hi`bk` eifcokt tklif H hk` tk`hkc pkhk lkbck` CCC pitu`dug
c`tirpritksc hk` eielukt brkmcg hc lkbck` C] pramcf `cfkc.
Xklif K
Ga`virsc `cfkc ei`tko (rkw s jari) gi Z tk
tk`hkrh
`hkrh Z ja
jari
ri hk` ^irji`tcfis
(sieuk usck hk` sieuk di`cs gifkec`)
g ifkec`)
Zultist
Ztk`hkrh
^ircfkgu C`tirkgsc Bk`bbuk` ^irji`tcfis
Zjari Gaeu`cgksc
stiriatcp Zasckf ^irgielk`bk`
; ; 6;
;
< < <-: 6;
: : ;-< 8-9 ;
9 = = 3-;> 9
;9 :8 :9-:= :? 39
<> ;8 033
Xklif L
Ga`virsc `cfkc tatkf s tk`hkrh
tk`hkrh s ja
jarr i gi K utcs e [u
[uatci`ts
atci`ts hk` pirj
pirji`tcfis
i`tcfis
Kutcse Duefko hkrc Duefko hkrc Duefko hkrc
[uatci`t 8 Z ultis
ultistt : Zultis < Zultis ^irji`tcfi
;=9 - - - 033
;=8 - => - 033
;=: - - 8; 033
;=< - 93 - 033
;=; - - - 033
;88 - - - 033
;8: == 9> - 033
;8< =9 - :8 033
;8; - 83 - 033
;8> =8 - - 033
;:3 - 8? :: 033
;:? =: - - 033
;:2 =< - - 033
;:= - 82 :< 033
;:9 =; - - 33
33
;:8 - 8= - 33
33
;:: => - :; 33
;:< 93 89 - 33
;:; - - - 33
;:> 9? 88 :> 3?
3?
;<3 - - - 32
;<? 92 8: - 32
;<2 9= - <3 32
;<= - 8< - 3=
3=
;<9 99 - - 39
39
;<8 - 8; <? 39
;<: 98 - - 38
38
;<< 9: - - 3:
3:
;<; - 8> <2 3<
;<> 9< - - 3;
3;
;;3 - :3 - 3>
3>
;;? 9; - <= ?3
;;2 9> :? - ?2
;;= - - - ?=
;;9 83 :2 <9 ?8
?8
;;8 - - - ?<
;;: 8? := - ?;
;;< 82 - <8 23
;;; - :9 - 22
22
;;> 8= - - 29
29
;>3 - :8 <: 2:
;>? 89 - - 2>
2>
;>2 88 - - =?
=?
;>= - :: << =9
;>9 8: - - =:
=:
;>8 - :< - =;
=;
;>: 8< - <; 9?
;>< 8; :; - 99
;>; - - - 9:
;>> 8> :> <> 9>
9>
33 - - - 82
3? :3 <3 - 89
32 :? - ;3 8<
3= - <? - :3
39 :2 - - :2
38 - <2 ;? :9
3: := - - :<
3< :9 - - :>
3; - <= ;2 <2
3> :8 - - <9
?3 - <9 - <:
?? :: - ;= <;
?2 :< <8 - ;3
?= - - - ;?
?9 :; <: ;9 ;=
?8 - - - ;8
?: :> << - ;:
?< <3 - ;8 ;<
?; - <; - ;>
?> <? - - 3
23 - <> ;: ?
2? <2 - - 2
22 <= - - =
2= - ;3 ;< 9
29 <9 - - 9
28 - ;? - 8
2: <8 - ;; :
2< <: ;2 - :
2; - - - :
2> << ;= ;> <
=3 - - - <
=? <; ;9 - ;
=2 <> - 3 ;
== - ;8 - ;
=9 ;3 - - ;
=8 - ;: ? 6;
=: ;? - - 6;
=< ;2 - - 6;
=; - ;< 2 6;
=> ;= - - 6;
93 - ;; - 6;
9? ;9 - = 6;
92 ;8 ;> - 6;
9= - - - 6;
99 ;: 3 9 6;
98 - - - 6;
9: ;< ? - 6;
9< ;; - 8 6;
9; - 2 - 6;
9> ;> - - 6;
83 - = : 6;
8? 3 - - 6;
82 ? - - 6;
8= - 9 < 6;
89 2 - - 6;
88 - 8 - 6;
8: = - - 6;
8< 9 : - 6;
8; - - - 6;
8> 8 - - 6;
:3 - - - 6;
:? - - - 6;
:2 - - - 6;
:= - - - 6;
:9 - - - 6;
Xklif J
^itu`dug C`tirpritksc Zultist Ztk`hkrh Zjari hk` Kutcse [uatci`ts
Zultist
Kutcse [uatci`t ^irji`tcfi \k`g ^ifuk`b Kutcsei
Kutcsei
Ztk`hkrh Zjari
;2-;3 ;:;+ 33+ Zk`bkt tc`bbc
;9-;= ;<;-;:> 3<-3? Xc`bbc
;:-;8 ;;;-;<> 2=-3; Ktks rktk-rktk
?-;< 3>-;;> <9-29 \ktk-rktk
=-2 ?>-?3 3-<8 Lkwko rktk-rktk
8-9 2>-23 <-? \i`hko
;-: 6 =3 ;-; Zk`bkt ri`hko
^ircfkgu stiriatcp
^IXY@DYG4 Lircgk` `cfkc pkhk sitckp ctie sisukc hi`bk` mrigui`sc gidkhck`. Cgutc pihaek` u`tug
pi`cfkck`4
Fc`bgkrc k`bgk yk`b pkfc`b ei`bbkelkrgk` pi`bkektk` K`hk ti`tk`b pircfkgu goks hkrc suldig
hkfke gikhkk` lcksk/ ga`hcsc `yktk (ykctu hc silkbck` liskr tiepkt hi`bk` ark`b-ark`b yk`b
suldig gi`kf hk` hkfke gibcktk` yk`b lcksk hcfkgugk` siokrc-okrc). C`bktfko u`tug ei`cfkc sieuk
ctie pir`yktkk` yk`b khk. Dcgk K`hk tchkg ykgc` lkbkcek`k jkrk ei`cfkc ctie pir`yktkk`
tirsilut, ekgk tu`hk tirfilco hkoufu u`tug ei`cfkc gieuhck` kektc suldig sifkek = dke u`tug
ei`i`tugk` `cfkc yk`b kgk` hclircgk`.
ct b ct
ct ` k
k k ct
k h e
e k kr
e kr k
kr g- it
it b e
it kr
`
g `b kh ti c`br
k kr k
ch kD G i
Z
X
;. Ei`boc`hkrc ga`tkg
ga`tkg ektk (eieluk`b eugk skkt hckdkg
> ; < :
ga`tkg ektk)
<. Ei`ktkp tk`bk`, li`hk, ktku lkrk`b hc fc`bgu`bk` sifkek
> ; < :
ec`cekf 9 hitcg
:. Ei`di`tcggk`
Ei`di`tcg gk` dkrc ktku tk`bk` hi`bk` jipkt hc hipk` ektk
> ; < :
sifkek 9 hitcg filco
8. Ok`yk ekgk` ekgk`k` tirti`tu hk` ei`afkg u`tug ekgk`
> ; < :
ekgk`k` yk`b fkzce hcekgk` ark`b fkc`
9. Ei`dcfkt-dcfkt
Ei`dcfkt-dcfk t li`hk yk`b tchkg lcsk hcekgk` (ecskf4 tk`bk`
> ; < :
ark`b, ekc`k`, lugu, hff)
=. Ei`jcue-jcue
Ei`jcue-jcu e ktku ei`bi`hus li`hk (ecskf4 ekc`k`,
> ; < :
tk`bk` ark`b, rkelut, hff)
2. Lirputkr-putkr
Lirputk r-putkr > ; < :
?. Eieutkr li`hk yk`b tchkg siokrus`yk
siokrus`yk hcputkr (ecskf4
> ; < :
pcrc`b, jk`bgcr, gkjkektk, hff)
3. Eielafkg-lkfcggk`
Eielafkg-l kfcggk` li`hk skelcf huhug ktku lirhcrc > ; < :
;>. Eifkgugk` birkgk`
birkgk` hi`bk` jipkt sipirtc ei`irdk`b/
> ; < :
eifiskt jipkt hkrc sktu tiepkt gi tiepkt fkc`
;;. Lirdkfk` dc`dct skkt lirbirkg ktku lirhcrc hc tiepkt > ; < :
;<. Ei`bipkggk` tk`bk` ktku dkrc hc hipk` ktku skepc`b
> ; < :
wkdko
;:. Eielukt sukrk lir`khk tc`bbc (ecskf―(ecskf― iii-iii-iii-iii)
iii-iii-iii-iii)
> ; < :
ktku vagkfcsksc fkc` u`tug stceufksc
st ceufksc hcrc
;8. Ei`kepkr, eieuguf, ktku ei`bcgkt hcrc ktku hi`bk` jkrk
> ; < :
fkc` liruskok eifugkc hcrc si`hcrc
Duefko `cfkc pircfkgu stiriatcp
Gaeu`cgksc
^IXY@DYG4 Lircgk` `cfkc pkhk sitckp ctie sisukc hi`bk` mrigui`sc gidkhck`. Cgutc pihaek` u`tug
pi`cfkck`4
Fc`bgkrc k`bgk yk`b pkfc`b ei`bbkelkrgk` pi`bkektk` K`hk ti`tk`b pircfkgu goks hkrc suldig
hkfke gikhkk` lcksk/ ga`hcsc `yktk (ykctu hc silkbck` liskr tiepkt hi`bk` ark`b-ark`b yk`b
suldig gi`kf hk` hkfke gibcktk` yk`b lcksk hcfkgugk` siokrc-okrc). C`bktfko u`tug ei`cfkc sieuk
ctie pir`yktkk` yk`b khk. Dcgk K`hk tchkg ykgc` lkbkcek`k jkrk ei`cfkc ctie pir`yktkk`
tirsilut, ekgk tu`hk tirfilco hkoufu u`tug ei`cfkc gieuhck` kektc suldig sifkek = dke u`tug
ei`i`tugk` `cfkc yk`b kgk` hclircgk`.
ct b ct
ct ` k
k k ct
k h e
e k kr
e kr k
kr g- it
it b e
it kr
b ` b
k it
g
k
` h c`r
kr k
hc G i
X kD Z
C`tirkgsc Zasckf
^IXY@DYG4 Lircgk` `cfkc pkhk sitckp ctie sisukc hi`bk` mrigui`sc gidkhck`. Cgutc pihaek` u`tug
pi`cfkck`4
Fc`bgkrc k`bgk yk`b pkfc`b ei`bbkelkrgk` pi`bkektk` K`hk ti`tk`b pircfkgu goks hkrc suldig
hkfke gikhkk` lcksk/ ga`hcsc `yktk (ykctu hc silkbck` liskr tiepkt hi`bk` ark`b-ark`b yk`b
suldig gi`kf hk` hkfke gibcktk` yk`b lcksk hcfkgugk` siokrc-okrc). C`bktfko u`tug ei`cfkc sieuk
ctie pir`yktkk` yk`b khk. Dcgk K`hk tchkg ykgc` lkbkcek`k jkrk ei`cfkc ctie pir`yktkk`
tirsilut, ekgk tu`hk tirfilco hkoufu u`tug ei`cfkc gieuhck` kektc suldig sifkek = dke u`tug
ei`i`tugk` `cfkc yk`b kgk` hclircgk`.
ct b ct
ct ` k
k k ct
k h e
e k kr
e kr k
kr g- it
it b e
it kr
b ` b
g ` k it `c
k kr h r
hc k i
kD G Z
X
Bk`bbuk` ^irgielk`bk`
i-eahuf Bcffcke Kutcse \ktc`b Zjkfi (BK\Z)
Durusk` Agupksc Xirkpc ^aftiggis Giei`gis Zurkgkrtk tkou` <>;3
hckhkptksc afio 4 Cmmko @urokyktc, Z.Xr.
^khk lkbck` c`c lcsk hccsc afio ark`btuk hk`/ktku pi`bksuo yk`b sirc`b liroulu`bk` fk`bsu`b
hk` lirgifk`dutk` pkhk pi`bksuok` k`kg pkhk := lufk` pirtkek (sitkrk : tkou`). Rkwk`jkrk
ark`btuk hk` pi`bksuo hctircek. Dkwklk` hkrc sitckp pirtk`ykk` hcfkgugk` hi`bk` eifc`bgkrc
skfko sktu hc k`tkrk ‖cyk― ktku ‖tchkg―. Fi`bgkpc sieuk ctie.
88. Kpkgko suldig hkpkt lirdkfk` hkfke wkgtu ;9 lufk` pirtkek giochupk`1 Cyk Xchkg
- +
82. Kpkgko suldig ei`u`duggk` ktku pir`ko hchckb`ascs ei`bkfkec Cyk Xchkg
gitirfkelktk` pirgielk`bk` silifue := lufk`1 + -
9;. Kpkgko suldig hkpkt ei`cru ark`b fkc` silifue usck : tkou` (ecskf4 Cyk Xchkg
lirekc` tipug tk`bk`, ‖jcfug
‖ jcfug lk―,
lk―, ei`cru sukrk, hff)1
hff)1 - +
9:. Kpkgko suldig lirlcjkrk (ei`bifukrgk` sukrk) u`tug lirgaeu`cgksc Cyk Xchkg
silifue usck := lufk`1 - +
98. Kpkgko suldig tchkg lcsk ei`hi`bkr sukrk (ek`usck) titkpc hkpkt Cyk Xchkg
ei`hi`bkr yk`b fkc` (ecskf4 sukrk piskwkt)1 + -
99. Kpkgko suldig ei`bcgutc pirc`tko sihirok`k (ecskf4 lirhcrc, huhug, Cyk Xchkg
giekrc/ gisc`c, hff)1 - +
9=. Kpkgko suldig hkpkt ei`bc`bkt li`hk (ecskf4 hcek`k fitkg ei`ycepk` Cyk Xchkg
ekc`k` ktku li`hk yk`b hcsugkc, lkbkcek`k skkt lirgu`du`b gi hagtir)1 - +
<. Kpkgko pircfkgu tirsilut eu`juf hc sieuk fc`bgu`bk``yk (rueko, sigafko, tiepkt tirkpc,
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