Tetanus is an infection caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetani.

When
these bacteria enter the body, they produce a toxin that causes painful muscle
contractions. Another name for tetanus is “lockjaw”. It often causes a person's
neck and jaw muscles to lock, making it hard to open the mouth or swallow

S/S: Opisthotonos- muscle spasms cause them to ache their backs

Trismus - most common form of generalized tetanus

Lab/DX: Tennis-Racket Appearance ( microscope gen appearance)

DOC; Penicillin PREV: Tetanus Toxoid : Pregnant 5 doses

Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by bacteria that can cause severe
illness in both people and animals.

Pulmonary Anthrax (Koch’s Disease) is the most dangerous form of anthrax in

humans. Endospores have high probability of entering bloodstream

Tx and prevention : 3 doses of vaccines if exposed

Lab Dx: Wirtz Conklin Stain

DOC: Doxycycline

Conjunctivitis or “PINK-EYE”: Standard precaution

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with the

Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacterium. N. gonorrhoeae infects the mucous
membranes of the reproductive tract, including the cervix, uterus, and fallopian
tubes in women, and the urethra in women and men.

Lymphogranuloma Venereum lesion in the genitalia, w/ a small and painless lesion

heals rapidly.

Syphilis is an infection caused by bacteria. Most often, it spreads through sexual

contact. The disease starts as a sore that's often painless

Syphilis systemic venereal diseases..

Lab/Dx : VDRL and FTA-ABS

Mumps( Parotitis) is an infection caused by a virus. It can infect many parts of
the body, but is best known for causing swelling of the parotid glands. These
glands, which make saliva (spit), are in front of the ear, around the jaw.

Mumps virus: Droplet precaution

Measles: Airborne

Chicken pox : Airborne

MMR : Mumps, Measles, Rubella

DPT: Diphtheria, Pertussis , Tetanus

Ritter’s Disease newborns and young children disease; sudden onset of perioral erythema
that covers the body within 2 days, followed by bullae and cutaneous blister formation .

Clostridium perfringens : GI tract: Incubation period : 24 hours

Clostridium Botulinum : caused by ingestion of unpasteurized honey and canned food

S/S: Flaccid paralysis - loss of muscle tone in infants ( floppy Baby)

Prevention: Adequate sterilization of canned goods ,

Boiling of food for more than 20 minutes

Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious

disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease affects the skin, the
peripheral nerves, mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract and the
eyes.
S/S: Patchy- sensory loss of lepromatous form

LAB/DX: AFB of the wound exudates

Lepromin Test - for tuberculoid type of leprosy

DOC: Dapsone and Rifampicin, Clofazimine

PREV: Bacillus Calmette Guerine (BCG)

Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by the

poliovirus. The virus spreads from person to person and can infect a person's
spinal cord, causing paralysis (can't move parts of the body).
Bulbar Poliomyelitis - infection of poliomyelitis that may affect the respiratory center

Non-paralytic Poliomyelitis- type of poliomyelitis as minor illness manifest with back

pains and stiff neck.

Prevention: Vaccine: Salk Vaccine- Inactivated Polio Vaccine

Sabin Vaccine- common vaccine/ longer immunity/costless

MOT: Fecal- oral

Rabies is a preventable viral disease most often transmitted through the bite of
a rabid animal. The rabies virus infects the central nervous system of mammals,
ultimately causing disease in the brain and death.

The WHO rabies exposure categories are:

Category I touching or feeding animals, animal licks on intact skin (no exposure);

Category II nibbling of uncovered skin, minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding

(exposure); Administration of rabies vaccine and RIG is not indicated is
recommended

Category III single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches, contamination of mucous

membrane

LAB/DX: Histopathology of Negri bodies

S/S: Hydrophobia, Convulsion, Paralysis, headache ,fever

Prophylaxis: pre-exposure/ Vaccine : Human Diploid Cell Vaccine

Hepatitis is a general term used to describe inflammation of the liver. Liver

inflammation can be caused by several viruses (viral hepatitis), chemicals, drugs,
alcohol, certain genetic disorders or by an overactive immune system that
mistakenly attacks the liver, called autoimmune hepatitis

How did I get hepatitis A?

The virus is primarily spread when an uninfected (and unvaccinated) person ingests
food or water that is contaminated with the faeces of an infected person. The disease is
closely associated with unsafe water or food, inadequate sanitation, poor personal
hygiene and oral-anal sex.
Hepatitis B is spread when blood, semen, or other body fluids from a person infected
with the virus enters the body of someone who is not infected. This can happen through
sexual contact; sharing needles, syringes, or other drug-injection equipment; or during
pregnancy or delivery.

Hepatitis G The new virus, tentatively named hepatitis G virus (HGV) and known to be closely
related to GB virus C (GBV-C), is transmitted by blood and blood products, intravenous drug
use and other behavior associated with a high risk of parenteral exposure to blood.

MOT: sexual intercourse/ blood transfusion/ co- infected w/ HIV

CVA6 infections (Coxsackievirus A6) may be emerging as a new and major cause of
epidemic HFMD. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood illness
characterized by fever and vesicular eruptions on hands and feet and in the mouth. It is caused
by members of the family Picornaviridae in the genus Enterovirus.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2

virus. Most people infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate

S/S: flu like ; fever, dry cough, body malaise, body aches, sore throat and loss of taste and
smell

DOC: Remdesivir