Me8692 Finite Element Analysis Question Bank 2022-2023

MOTHER TERESA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
METTUSALAI,ILLUPPUR,PUDUKOTTAI-622102
ME8692/Finite Element Analysis QUESTION BANK Department of Mechanical Engineering 2022-2023
ME8692 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS LTPC

3003
OBJECTIVES:
To introduce the concepts of Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems.
To appreciate the use of FEM to a range of Engineering Problems.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Historical Background – Mathematical Modelling of field problems in Engineering – Governing
Equations – Discrete and continuous models – Boundary, Initial and Eigen Value problems–
Weighted Residual Methods – Variational Formulation of Boundary Value Problems –
RitzTechnique – Basic concepts of the Finite Element Method.
UNIT II ONE-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS 9

One Dimensional Second Order Equations – Discretization – Element types- Linear and Higher
orderElements – Derivation of Shape functions and Stiffness matrices and force vectors- Assembly
of Matrices - Solution of problems from solid mechanics and heat transfer. Longitudinal vibration
frequencies and mode shapes. Fourth Order Beam Equation –Transverse deflections and Natural
frequencies of beams.
UNIT III TWO DIMENSIONAL SCALAR VARIABLE PROBLEMS 9

Second Order 2D Equations involving Scalar Variable Functions – Variational formulation –Finite
Element formulation – Triangular elements – Shape functions and element matrices and vectors.
Application to Field Problems - Thermal problems – Torsion of Non circular shafts –Quadrilateral
elements – Higher Order Elements.
UNIT IV TWO DIMENSIONAL VECTOR VARIABLE PROBLEMS 9

Equations of elasticity – Plane stress, plane strain and axisymmetric problems – Body forces and
temperature effects – Stress calculations - Plate and shell elements.
UNIT V ISOPARAMETRIC FORMULATION 9

Natural co-ordinate systems – Isoparametric elements – Shape functions for iso parametric elements
– One and two dimensions – Serendipity elements – Numerical integration and application to plane
stress problems - Matrix solution techniques – Solutions Techniques to Dynamic problems –
Introduction to Analysis Software.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOK:
1. Reddy. J.N., “An Introduction to the Finite Element Method”, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill,2005
2. Seshu, P, “Text Book of Finite Element Analysis”, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi,2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Rao, S.S., “The Finite Element Method in Engineering”, 3rd Edition, Butterworth Heinemann,2004
2. Logan, D.L., “A first course in Finite Element Method”, Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd., 2002
3. Robert D. Cook, David S. Malkus, Michael E. Plesha, Robert J. Witt, “Concepts andApplications
of Finite Element Analysis”, 4th Edition, Wiley Student Edition, 2002.
4. Chandrupatla&Belagundu, “Introduction to Finite Elements in Engineering”, 3rd Edition,Prentice
Hall College Div, 1990
5. Bhatti Asghar M, "Fundamental Finite Element Analysis and Applications", John Wiley &
Sons,2005 (Indian Reprint 2013)
1
ME 8692 - FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
COURSE OUTCOMES
On completion of this course, the student will be able
C312.1 To understand the Basic Concepts of Finite Element Method.
C312.2 To apply the Finite element method for one dimensional problems
C312.3 To understand the Finite element method for Two-dimensional scalar variable problems
C312.4 To understand the Finite element method for Two-dimensional vector variable problems
To gain the knowledge on isoparametric formulation, Numerical Integration and dynamic
C312.5
Problems.
MAPPING BETWEEN CO AND PO, PSO WITH CORRELATION LEVEL 1/2/3

ME PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
8692
C312.1 3 3 3 3 - - 1 1 1 - 1 2 3 2 2
C312.2 3 3 3 3 - - 1 1 1 - 1 2 3 2 2
C312.3 3 3 3 3 - - 1 1 1 - 1 2 3 2 2
C312.4 3 3 3 3 - - 1 1 1 - 1 2 3 2 2
C312.5 3 3 3 3 - - 1 1 1 - 1 2 3 2 2
RELATION BETWEEN COURSE CONTENT WITH COs

UNIT I: INTRODUCTION
Knowledge Course
S. No Experiment
level Outcomes
1 U Historical Background C312.1
2 U,Ap Mathematical Modelling of field problems in Engineering C312.1
3 U, An, Ap Governing Equations C312.1
4 U, Ap Discrete and continuous models C312.1
5 U, Ap, E Boundary, Initial and Eigen Value problems C312.1
6 U,An, Ap Weighted Residual Methods C312.1
7 U, Ap Variational Formulation of Boundary Value Problems C312.1
8 U, Ap RitzTechnique C312.1
9 U Basic concepts of the Finite Element Method C312.1
UNIT II: ONE-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS
Knowledge Course
S. No Experiment
level Outcomes
1 U, Ap One Dimensional Second Order Equations C312.2
2 U, Ap, An Discretization C312.2
3 U, Ap Element types C312.2
4 U Ap, An Linear and Higher order Elements C312.2
Derivation of Shape functions and Stiffness matrices and force
5 U, Ap, An C312.2
vectors
6 U, E, Ap Assembly of Matrices C312.2
7 U, Ap, E Solution of problems from solid mechanics and heat transfer C312.2
8 U, Ap, An Longitudinal vibration frequencies and mode shapes C312.2
9 U, Ap Fourth Order Beam Equation C312.2
10 U, Ap, An Transverse deflections and Natural frequencies of beams. C312.2
2
UNIT III: TWODIMENSIONAL SCALAR VARIABLE PROBLEMS
Knowledge Course
S. No Experiment
level Outcomes
Second Order 2D Equations involving Scalar Variable
1 U, Ap C312.3
Functions
2 U, Ap Variational formulation C312.3
3 U, Ap FiniteElement formulation C312.3
4 U Triangular elements C312.3
5 U, Ap, E Shape functions and element matrices and vectors C312.3
6 U, Ap, An, E Application to Field Problems C312.3
7 U, Ap, An, E Thermal problems C312.3
8 U,An Torsion of Non circular shafts C312.3
9 U Quadrilateralelements C312.3
10 U Higher Order Elements C312.3
UNIT IV: TWO DIMENSIONAL VECTOR VARIABLE PROBLEMS
Course
S. No Knowledge level Experiment
Outcomes
1 U, Ap Equations of elasticity C312.4
2 U, Ap, E Plane stress, plane strain and axisymmetric problems C312.4
3 U, Ap, E Body forces and temperature effects C312.4
4 U, Ap, An, E Stress calculations C312.4
5 U, Ap Plate and shell elements C312.4
UNIT V: ISOPARAMETRIC FORMULATION
Knowledge Course
S. No Experiment
level Outcomes
1 U,Ap Natural co-ordinate systems C312.5
2 U,Ap Isoparametric elements C312.5
3 U, Ap Shape functions for iso parametric elements C312.5
4 U,Ap One and two dimensions C312.5
5 U,Ap Serendipity elements C312.5
Numerical integration and application to plane
6 U,An,Ap C312.5
stress problems
Matrix solution techniques – Solutions Techniques to
7 U,An,Ap C312.5
Dynamic problems
8 U,Ap Introduction to Analysis Software C312.5
Ap – Apply; An – Analyze; U – Understand, E- Evaluate, C-Create
3
UNIT – 1 INTRODUCTION
PART –A (C312.1)
1. What is mean by node or joint? (May/June 2014)
Each kind of finite element has a specific structural shape and is interconnected with the
adjacent elements by nodal points or nodes. At the nodes, degrees of freedom are
located. The forces will act only at nodes and not at any other place in the element.
2. What is Rayleigh-Ritz method? (May/June 2014)
Rayleigh – Ritz method is an integral approach method which is useful for solving
complex structural problems, encountered in finite element analysis. This method is
possible only if a suitable function is available.
3. State the advantages of Guassian elimination technique. (Nov/Dec 2015)
It is direct method of solving linear simultaneous equations.
i. It uses back substitution.
ii. It is reduced to equivalent upper triangular matrix.
4. List any two sources of errors in finite element method. (Nov/Dec 2015)
The errors introduced into the finite element solution of a given differential equation can
be attributed to three basic sources. 1. Boundary error: Error due to the approximation of
the domain. 2. Quadrature and finite arithmetic error: Errors due to the numerical
evaluation of integrals and the numerical computation in a computer. 3. Approximation
error: Error due to the approximation of the solution.
5. What are the advantages of weak formulation? (May/June 2015)
 Order of the differential equation becomes half of that in the original equation.
 Hence continuity requirements on the assumed solution are reduced.
 Lower order polynomial can be assumed for the approximate solution.
 The Natural Boundary condition becomes embedded in the weak form
 Hence the trial solution needs to satisfy only the essential boundary condition
6. List the various methods of solving boundary value problems. (Nov/Dec 2016)
Finite difference method, Finite element method.
7. What is meant by post processing? (Nov/Dec 2016)
Analysis and evaluation of the solution results are referred to as post processing. Post
processor computer programs help the user to interpret the results by displaying them
in graphical form.
8. What do you mean by constitutive law? (Apr/May 2017)
{σ} = [D]{e}
Where {σ} = stress; [D] = stress – strain matrix ; {e} = strain.
9. Why polynomial type interpolation functions are used in FEM? (Apr/May 2017)
a) It is easy to formulate and computerize the finite element equations.
b) It easy to perform differentiation or integration.
c) The accuracy of the results can be improved by increasing the order of the
polynomial.
10. What are the methods generally associated with the finite element analysis. (May
2016)
a) Force Method b)Displacement method or stiffness method.
11. If a displacement field in x direction is given by u = 2x2+4y2+6xy. Determine the
strain in x direction. (May/June 2016)
Strain, du/dx = 4x +8y +6y
12. List the various weighted residual methods. (Nov/Dec 2014, Nov/Dec 2017)
 Point collocation method
 Subdomain collocation method
 Least square method
4
 Galerkin Method
13. Compare the Ritz technique with the nodal approximation method.
(April/May2018, 2021)
 The lumped-model method gives us deflections at only some discrete points (nodes),
and we know nothing in between the nodes.
 Rayleigh-Ritz method is an alternative numerical method to solve the same equation
in a simple way to know what happens in between as well.
 In nodal approximation method, divide into segments (“element”). The value of the
deformation at the discrete points (“nodes”) are the unknown scalar quantities to be
determined using the MPE principle.
 In Rayleigh-Ritz method, we need to know the nature of the function so that you can
approximate the deformation curve with one or more trial (guess) functions globally.
14. What are the advantages of natural coordinate system? (Nov/Dec 2014)
 Natural coordinate system is basically a local coordinate system which allows the
specification of a point within the element by a set of dimensionless numbers whose
magnitude never exceeds unity.
 This coordinate system is found to be very effective in formulating the element
properties in finite element formulation.
 This system is defined in such that the magnitude at nodal points will have unity or zero
or a convenient set of fractions.
 It also facilitates the integration to calculate element stiffness.
15. What is meant by primary and secondary node? (May/June 2013, April/May2018)
Nodes are of two types - external nodes and internal nodes.
* External nodes (primary nodes) - The nodal point connecting adjacent elements.
* Internal nodes (secondary nodes)- The extra nodes introduced at the inner points of the
element which are used to increase the accuracy of solution.
16. What is the principle of skyline solution based on Gaussian elimination?
(Nov/Dec2013)
Skyline solution method locate the uppermost nonzero elements starting from the diagonal
and concentrate only on the elements below the skyline. Skyline solver can eliminate most
of the operations on zero coefficients.
17. Mention the basic steps of Galerkin method. (Nov/Dec2013) (Apr/May 2022)
Step1: Establishment of the physical equations.; Step2: Compute the residual.
Step3: Apply residual to the approximation functions and form the set of equations.
Step4: Solve the set of equations to get the approximate solutions.
18. What is meant by Finite Element Analysis?
Finite element method is a numerical method for solving the problems of engineering and
mathematical physics.
19. State the methods of Engineering Analysis.
1. Experimental methods, 2. Analytical methods,
3. Numerical methods (or) approximate methods
20. Give examples for the finite element.
1 D – Truss element, Bar element and Beam element.
2 D – Triangular element, rectangular element
3 D – Tetrahedral elements, hexahedral elements.
21. What are the types of Boundary conditions?
1.Primary boundary condition, 2. Secondary boundary condition
22. What are the phases of finite element method?
1.Pre-processing, 2. Analysis, 3. Post processing.
5
23. What is aspect ratio?

Aspect ratio is ratio is defined as the ratio of the largest dimension of the element to the
smallest dimension.
24. Name four FEA software’s.
1.ANSYS, 2. NASTRAN, 3. COSMOS, 4. NISA
25. What do you mean by structural and non-structural problems?
* In structural problems, displacement at each nodal point is obtained. By using these
displacement solutions, stress and strain in each element can be calculated.
* In non-structural problems, temperatures or fluid pressures at each nodal point is
obtained. By using these values, properties such as heat flow, fluid flow, etc., for each
element can be calculated.
26. What are h method and p method of FEM? (Nov / Dec 2018)
“h” method means- polynomial equations set as constant throughout the analysis and
number of elements are variable.
“p” method means – the order of the polynomial equations are variable and the number of
elements are constant throughout the analysis.
27. Why is Variational formulation referred to as weak formulation? (Nov / Dec 2018,
2020)
In Variational formulation the integration is carried out by parts or piece wise or
discontinuous form. It reduces the continuity requirement on the trial function. So it is
referred to as weak form. Weak form – an integral expression such as a functional which
implicitly contains a differential equation is called a weak form.
28. Difference between essential and natural boundary condition with suitable example?
(May 2019)
Essential boundary – all field variables in the domain called as essential or primary
boundary conditions. , example, u(x)= 0
Natural or Non-Essential boundary- the differential form of field variables in the domain
called as secondary boundary conditions. Example EA (du/dx)= P
29. In WRM method what is the influence of Wi- weighting function? (May 2019)
The influence of weighting function is minimizing the residue and giving the continuity
between the domain.
30. Define “Drichlet boundary conditions.” (Apr/May 2021)
In Finite Element Method, essential or Dirichlet boundary condition is defined by
weighted-integral form of a differential equation The dependent unknown u in the same
form as the weight function w appearing in the boundary expression is termed a primary
variable, and its specification constitutes the essential or Dirichlet boundary condition.The
question of finding solutions to such equations is known as the Dirichlet problem. In
applied sciences, a Dirichlet boundary condition may also be referred to as a fixed
boundary condition.
31. What are h and p versions of finite element method? (Nov/Dec 2020)
These two FEM formulations differ in terms of mesh refinement. h-refinement means that
element size is reduced to improve accuracy. p-refinement means that the order of
element's shape functions is increased (for example from linear to quadratic elements).
PART –B (C312.1)
1. List briefly describe the general steps of the finite element method. (May 2014, Nov
2018)
2
2. The differential equation of a physical phenomenon is given by𝑑 𝑦2 + 𝑦 = 4𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1.
𝑑𝑥
The boundary conditions are: y(0)=0, y(1)=1. Obtain one term, approximate solution by
using Galerkin’s method of weighted residuals. (May/June 2014), (Apr/ May 2021)
6
3. (i) Discuss the importance of FEA in assisting design process.
2
(ii) Solve the ordinary differential equation, 𝑑 𝑦2 + 10𝑥2 = 0For 0≤X≤1 , Subject to the
𝑑𝑥
boundary conditions y(0)=y(1) using the galerkin method with the trail functions N0(x)=0;
N1(x)=x(1-x2).(Nov/Dec 2015)
4. (i) Discuss the factors to be considered in discretization of a domain.
(ii) Solve the following equations using the gauss elimination method.(Nov/Dec 2015)
2x1+3x2+x2=9, x1+2x2+3x3=6, 3x1+x2+2x3=0
5. Derive the governing equation for a tapered rod fixed at one end and subjected to its own
self weight and a force P at the other end as shown in fig. Let the length of the bar be l
and let the cross section vary linearly from A1 at the top fixed end to A2 at the free end,
E and  represent the young’s modulus and specific weight of the material of the bar.
Convert this equation into its weak form and hence determine the matrices for solving
using the Ritz technique. (May/June 2015)
6. Determine using any weighted residual technique the temperature distribution along a
circular fin of length 6 cm and radians 1 cm. The fin is attached to a boiler whose wall
temperature is 140oC and the free end is insulated. Assume convection coefficient h=10
W/cm2oC. Conduction coefficient K=70W/cm°C and T ͚ =40°C. The governing equation
for the heat transfer through the fin is given by,
d dT
− [KA(x) ] + hp(x)(T − T∞) = 0
dx dx
Assume appropriate boundary conditions and calculate the temperature at every 1 cm from
the left end (April/May 2018/ Nov 2018)
7. A beam AB of span ‘l’ simply supported at the ends and carrying a concentrated load ‘W’
at the centre ‘C’ as shown in figure. Determine the deflection at the mid span by using
Rayleigh- Ritz method and compare with exact solution. Use a suitable one term
trigonometric trial function. (Nov/Dec 2016)
8. The following differential equation is available for physical phenomenon: d2w/dx2-

10x2=50; 0<x<1. The boundary conditions are given by w(0) = w(1) = 0. Assuming a trial
solution w(x) = a0 +a1x +a2x2+a3x3 determine using Galerkin method the variation of
‘w’ with respect to x.(Nov/Dec 2016)
2
9. The differential equation of a physical phenomenon is given by d y2 + 50 = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤
dX
10 . The trial function is y=a1x(10-x). The boundary conditions are: y(0)=0, y(10)=0. Find
the value of a1 by the following methods. (Apr/May 2017, 2022)
(i)Galerkin’s method.
(ii)Least square method.
10. Find the deflection at the centre of simply supported beam of span length ‘l’ subjected to
uniformly distributed loaded throughout its length as shown in Fig. using (i) point
allocation method (ii) sub domain a method.
7
11. Using collocation method, find the maximum deformation of the tapered rod as shown in
figure. E= 2 x 107 N/ cm2, γ = 0.075 N/ cm3. (Nov/Dec 2014)
12. (i) Discuss the importance of FEA in assisting design process.

(ii) Solve the ordinary differential equation Subject to the boundary conditions y(0) = y(1)
=0 using Galerkin method with trial functions N0(x) =0; N1(x)= x(1-x2).(May/June 2013)
13. A rod fixed at its ends is subjected to varying body force as shown in figure. Use the
Rayleigh-Ritz method with an assumed displacement field u= a0+a1X+a2X2 to
determine displacement u(X) and stress σ (X).(Nov/Dec2013)
E=1, A=1, L=1

14. Using any one of the Weighted Residual Method, find the displacement of the given
𝑑𝑢 𝑥 = − 1[ NOV/DEC 2017]
governing equation. At x=1, u=2; at x=2, 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 2
[𝑥 ] − = 0, 1 < 𝑥 < 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
15. Using Collocation method, find the solution of given governing equation subject to the
boundary conditions Φ(0)= Φ(1) = 0; Use x= 1/4 and x= 1/2 as collocation
points.(Nov/Dec 2017)
𝑑2𝛷
+ 𝛷 + 𝑥 = 0, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1
𝑑𝑥2
16. A tapered bar made of steel is suspended vertically with the larger end rigidly clamped
and the smaller end acted on by a pull of 105N. The areas at the larger and smaller ends
are 80 cm2 and 20cm2 respectively. The length of the bar is 3m. The bar weighs 0.075
N/cc. Young's modulus of the bar material is E = 2 x 10 7 N/cm2. Obtain an approximate
expression for the deformation of the rod using Ritz technique. Determine the maximum
displacement at the tip of bar. (April/May 2018)
2
17. The differential equation of a physical phenomenon is given by𝑑 𝑦2 + 𝑦 = 4𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1.
𝑑𝑥
The boundary conditions are: y(0)=0, y(1)=1. Obtain one term, approximate solution by
using Rayleigh Ritz method. (Nov 2018)
8
18. Determine the variation of displacement along a bar of varying cross section of length
90cm. the bar is attached to a wall and suspended vertically. It carries a load of 20 kN at
the tip. E= 210 GPa. Specific Weight density = 0.0785 N/cm3. The bar is of rectangular
cross section of side 5cmX 3cm at the free end. The displacement at the tip of the bar due
to the point load and its own self weight is determine.(i) how will you mathematically
model this problem.(ii) what is the difference between the use of WRM, RR,FEM
techniques. (iii) solve by FEM with two element. (MAY 2019)(Nov/Dec 2020)
19. Explain the following with examples: (Apr/May 2021)
(i) Boundary value problems. (4)
(ii) Initial Value problems (4)
(iii) Eigen Value Problems (5)
20. Discuss the following weighted residual methods to find out the solutions for boundary
value problems, and compare their merits. (Apr/May 2021)
a. Least squares method (7)
b. Collocation method (6)
21. A 50 mm long Aluminium pin fin of diameter 1 mm is attached to a wall that is maintained
at 300°C. It is subjected to both conduction and convection heat transfer. The thermal
conductivity k of Aluminium is 200 W/m°C and the convective heat transfer coefficient
h is 20 W/m2°C. The free end of the fin is insulated. Determine using any weighted
Residual technique or the Ritz technique the temperature distribution along the fin and
hence the temperature at the tip. The Governing differential equation for the fin is given
by
d dT
[KA(x) ] + hp(x)(T − T∞) = 0
dx dx
Boundary Conditions:
(i) T(0) = 300OC (ii)(dT/dx)x=50=0 (Nov/Dec 2020)
Part C (C 312.1)
1. The following differential equation is available for physical phenomenon: d2 y/dx2-
10x2=50; 0<x<1, the boundary conditions are y(0)=0 and y(1)=0. By using Galerkin’s
method of weighted residuals to find an approximate solution of the above differential
equation and also compare with exact solution
2. Discuss the following methods to solve the given differential equation :
𝑑 2𝑦
𝐸𝐼 2 𝑀(𝑥) = 0With the boundary condition y(0) = 0 and y(H) = 0
𝑑𝑥
(i) Variant method (ii) Collocation method.
3. Determine the expression for deflection and bending moment in a simply supported beam
subjected to uniformly distributed load over entire span. Find the deflection and moment
at midspan
𝜋𝑥
and compare
3𝜋𝑥
with exact solution using Rayleigh-Ritz method. Use 𝑦 =
𝑎 sin ( ) + 𝑎 sin ) (Apr/May 2022)
1 𝑙 2 ( 𝑙
4. Solve the following equations using the Gauss elimination method. (Nov 2018)(Nov/Dec
2020)
2a + b+ 2c-3d=-2 ; 2a – 2b +c -4d = -15 ; 1a+ 2c-3d=-5; 4a+4b-4c+d= 4
UNIT - 2 ONE-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS
PART A (C312.2)
1. What is a truss? (May/June 2014)
A truss is defined as a structure, made up of several bars, riveted or welded together.
2. What is meant by transverse vibrations? (May/June 2014)
When the particles of the shaft or disc moves perpendicular to the axis of the shaft, then
the vibrations are known as transverse vibrations.
9
3. Define dynamic analysis. (May/June 2014)

When the inertia effect due to the mass of the components is also considered in addition
to the externally applied load, then the analysis is called dynamic analysis.
4. Define shape function. (Nov/Dec 2015)
In finite element method, field variables within an element are generally expressed by the
following approximate relation:
Φ(x,y) = N1(x,y) Φ1 + N2(x,y) Φ2 + N3(x,y) Φ3, Where, and are the values of the field
variable at the nodes and N1, N2 and N3 are the interpolation functions. N1, N2, and N3
are also called shape functions because they are used to express the geometry or shape of
the element
5. Define continuity. (Nov/Dec 2015)
In conventional finite element formulations, the concept of node—a point where one of the
shape functions is unitary and all others are nil—is used to advantage as it simplifies the
definition of interelement continuity conditions.
6. What are the properties of the stiffness matrix?
(May/June 2015, April/May2018, 2021)
The properties of a stiffness matrix [K] are: 1. It is symmetric matrix. 2. The sum of
elements in any column must be equal to zero. 3. It is an unstable element. So, the
determinant is equal to zero.
7. Derive the mass matrix for a 1D linear bar element. (May/June 2015)
⍴𝐴𝑙 1 0
[𝑚] = [ ] , ⍴=Density of material; A=Area of the cross section;
2 0 1
l=length of the bar.
8. Write the governing equation and for 1D longitudinal vibration of a bar fixed at
one end and give boundary conditions. (May/June 2015)(Nov/Dec 2020)
AE(d2u/dx2) +⍴Aω2u=0; Boundary conditions x=0 to x=L
9. Write down the conduction matrix for a three noded linear triangular element.
(May/June 2015)
𝑑 𝑑𝑇 𝑑 𝑑𝑇
(𝑘𝑥 )+ (𝑘𝑦 )+𝑄 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
10. Why polynomials are generally used as shape function? (Nov/Dec 2016/ Nov2018)
Polynomials are generally used as shape function due to the following reasons.
1. Differentiation and integration of polynomials are quite easy.
2. The accuracy of the results can be improved by increasing the order of the polynomial
3. It is easy to formulate and computerize the finite element equations.
11. What is meant by Dynamic analysis?(Nov/Dec 2016)
It is an analysis to find out the response of a system as a function of time with External
disturbances. The state should be unsteady transient.
12. Write the stiffness matrix for two noded linear element.
(Nov/Dec 2014,Nov/Dec 2017 )
𝐴𝐸 1 −1
[𝐾] = [
]
𝐿 −1 1
13. Write down the expression for longitudinal vibration of bar element.
(Apr 2017, Nov/Dec 2017)
[K]{u} = ω2 [m]{u}
Where, u – displacement
[K] – stiffness matrix
10
AE [ 1−1
[K] = ]
L −1 1
ω – Natural Frequency;
1 0 [m] – Mass MatrixρAL 2 1
Lumped [m] = ρAL [ ] ; Consistent [m] = [ ]
2 0 1 6 1 2
14. Derive the convection matrix for a 1D linear bar element.
(May 2015)(Apr/may 2018)
𝑄𝐴𝐿 + 𝑃ℎ𝑇 𝑙 1 𝐴𝐾 1 −1 ℎ𝑃𝑙 2 1 𝑇1
{ }=[ [ ]+ [ ]] { }
2 1 𝑙 −1 1 6 1 2 𝑇2
15. What are the difference between the boundary value problem and initial value
problem? (Apr/May 2017)
  The solution of differential equation is obtained for physical problems which satisfies
some specified conditions known as boundary conditions.
 The differential equation together with these boundary conditions, subjected to a
boundary value problem.
 The differential equation together with initial conditions subjected to an initial value.
16. Write down the expression of governing equation for free axial vibration of rod
and transverse vibration of beam. (May/June 2016)
Free axial vibration of rod.
2 ∂2 u
AE∂ u2 = ρA 2
∂X ∂t
Where, E – Young’s modulus, A – Cross – sectional area, ρ - Density
Transverse vibration of a beam is
∂2v ∂ 2v
EI 4 + ρA 2 = 0
∂X ∂t
Where, E – Young’s modulus, I – Moment of inertia,
A – Cross – sectional area,
ρ– Density
17. What is the stationary property of total potential energy. (May/June 2016, 2022 )
If a body is in equilibrium, its total potential energy π is stationary.
For a stable equilibrium, σ2π>0, otherwise π is minimum for stable equilibrium.
For neutral equilibrium, σ2π =0, in this case π is unchanging.
For unstable equilibrium, σ2π<0, otherwise π is maximum.
Where, A- Area of cross-section; E- Young’s Modulus; L- Length of the element
18. Give the properties of shape functions. (Nov/Dec 2014)(Apr/May 2022)
 The shape function at any node has a value 1 at that node and 0 at other nodes.
 The displacement approximation is continuous across the element’s boundaries.
 Sum of the shape functions at an element is equal to 1.
19. State the assumptions are made while finding the forces in a truss.
The following assumptions are made while finding the forces in a truss.
(i) All the members are pin jointed.
(ii) The truss is loaded only at the joints.
(iii) The self-weight of the members is neglected unless stated.
20. State the principles of virtual work.
A body is in equilibrium if the internal virtual work equals the external virtual work for
every kinematically admissible displacement field.
21. What is the need for coordinate transformation in solving truss problems?
(Nov/Dec2013)
In order to solve truss problems, the discrete local element equilibrium equations of all
discrete elements have to be assembled into the overall algebraic equation system. This
can be accomplished using transformation matrix.
11
22. State the principle of minimum potential energy.

The principle of minimum potential energy states: Among all the displacement
equations that satisfy internal compatibility and the boundary conditions, those that also
satisfy the equations of equilibrium make the potential energy a minimum in a stable
system.
23. Give the Governing equation and the primary and secondary variables associated
with the one-dimensional beam element. (Nov/Dec 2017)(Apr/May 2021)
24. The Governing equation of one-dimensional beam element is
𝑑4𝑦
𝐸𝐼 −𝑤 =0
𝑑𝑥4
Primary variables= deflection- y and slope- dy/dx
Secondary variable - shear force and bending moment
25. Difference between longitudinal vibration and transverse vibration? ( Nov 2018)
Longitudinal vibration Transverse vibration
Oscillation occurs along the axis Oscillation occurs perpendicular to the
Example: vibration in bar, rod. axis
Example : vibration in beam
26. Write the analogies between structural, heat transfer and fluid mechanics. one
dimensional solid mechanics equation. (Nov/Dec 2014)
One dimensional
 T
Heat transfer equation
 
KA   0,Laplace equation   u 
x  x 
 AE   0,
Where , K is thethermal conductivity, x  x 
T is temperature, and A is cross  sectional area Where , E is the Young' s modulus,
u is axial displacement,
One dimensional fluid flow equation
and A is cross  sectional area
  Φ 
ρA   0, Where ,
x  x 
ρis thedensity, φ is potential function ,
Φ
and A is cross  sectional area and u 
x
27. Illustrate two Hermite shape functions associated with slope as applicable for beam
element(Nov/Dec2013)
The approximate solution =
In which N are shape functions, v1, θ1 are displacement at node1 and v2, θ2 are
displacement at node2.
Hermite shape functions associated with slope are specified in terms of natural
coordinate ξ.
12
28. What is the difference between bar element and beam element?
(May 2019)(Nov/Dec 2020)
Bar element Beam element
Bar element is an element Beam element is an element formulated to model
formulated to model rod type beam type structures, with translational and rotational
structures, with translational degrees of freedom at each node. Thick and Thin
degrees of freedom at each
beam formulations may be available.
node.
Bar element can resist only Beam element can resist only axial load, lateral and
axial load twisting loads
Dof / node is 1 Dof / node is 2
Stiffness matrix size is 2X2 Stiffness matrix size is 4X4
Example : rod, bar Example : beam
29. Derive the shape function of 3 noded bar element. (May 2019)
{u} = N1u1+N2u2+N3u3
Where shape function
3𝑥 2𝑥 2
N1 = 1 − +
𝑙 2 𝑙2
−𝑥 2𝑥
N2= 𝑙 + 𝑙2
2
4𝑥 4𝑥
N3 = 𝑙 − 𝑙2
PART B (C312.2)
1. A two noded truss element is shown in fig. The nodal displacements are u1=5mm and
𝑙 𝑙 𝑙
u2=8mm. Calculate the displacements at x= , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (May/June 2014)
4 3 2
2. For the two bar truss shown in fig, determine the displacements of node 1 and the stress
in element 1-3. (May/June 2014, Nov 2018, 2020)
3. Derive the equation of motion based on weak form for transverse vibration of a beam.
(May 2014)
4. Derive the stiffness matrix and finite element equation of 1D linear bar element (May
2022)
5. Determine the Eigen values and natural frequencies of a system whose stiffness and mass
matrices are given below. (May/June 2014)
2𝐴𝐸 3 −1 ⍴𝐴𝐿 6 1
[𝐾] = [ ],𝑀 = [ ]
𝐿 −1 1 12 1 2
6. Derive a finite element equation for one dimensional heat conduction with free end
convection. (May/June 2014)
13
7. Derive the stiffness matrix and load vectors for fluid mechanics in two dimensional finite
element. (May/June 2014)
8. Determine the extension of the bar shown in fig. due to self weight and a concentrated
load of 600N applied at its end. Given b1 = 200mm. b2 = 100mm and t=20mm. Use two
spar elements to solve the problem. Take E=2*105 N/mm2 and⍴=0.8*10-4
N/mm3(Nov/Dec 2015)
9. A cantilever beam of length 3.4m has a elastic spring support of stiffness 230kN/m at its
free end where a point load of 13KN acts. Take young’s modulus as 200GPa and area
moment of inertia of the cross section as 1*10-4 m4. Determine the displacement and slope
at the node and the reactions. (Nov - 2015)
10. Derive using lagrangian polynomials the shape functions for a 1D three noded bar
element. Plot the variation of the same. Hence derive the stiffness matrix and load vector.
(May/June 2015)
11. Determine the maximum deflection and slope in the SSB beam having UDL. Also
determine the reactions at the supports. E = 200 GPa, I = 20 X 10-6 m 4. The UDL q = 5
k N/ m. take L = 1 m. (May/June 2015, May 2019)
12. Determine the first two natural frequencies of transverse vibrations of the cantilever
beam shown in fig and plot the mode shapes. (May/June 2015, May 2019)
14
13. A composite wall consists of three materialsas shown in fig. The inside wall temperature
is 200°C and the outside air temperature is 50°C with a convection coefficient of 10
W/cm2 °C. Determine the temperature along the composite wall. (May/June 2015)
14. Determine the first two natural frequencies of longitudinal vibrations of the bar as
shown in fig assuming that the bar is discretised into two elements as shown E and ⍴
represent the young’s modulus and mass density of the material of the bar. (May/June
2015)
15. For the bar element as shown in the Fig. Calculate the nodal displacements and elemental
stresses. (Nov/Dec 2016)
16. Determine the Eigen values for the stepped bar shown in Fig. (Nov/Dec 2016)
17. Determine the maximum deflection for the beam loaded as showed in Fig. Young’s
modulus 200Gpa and density 0.78 x 106 kg/m3. The beam is of 'T' cross section shown in
Fig (Nov/Dec 2017)
15
18. A metallic fin 20mm wide and 4mm thick is attached to a furnace whose wall temperature
is 180oC. The length of the file is 120 mm. If the thermal conductivity of the material of
the fin is 350 W/moC and convection coefficient is 9W/m2oC, determine the temperature
distribution assuming that the tip of the fin is open to the atmosphere and that the ambient
temperature is 25oC.(Nov/Dec2017)
19. Determine the deflection in the beam, loaded as shown in Fig. at the mid-span and at a
length of 0.5m from left support. Determine also the reactions at the fixed ends.
E=200GPa. I1 = 20 x 10-6 m4, I2 = 10 x 10-6 m4.(April/May2018), (Nov/Dec 2020)
20. Determine the first two natural frequencies of longitudinal vibration of the stepped steel
bar shown in Figure and plot the mode shape. All dimensions are in mm. E = 200GPa and
ρ=0.78 kg/cc. A = 4cm2, length l = 500mm. (April/May2018)
21. Determine the first natural frequencies of Transverse vibration for a beam fixed at both
the ends. The beam may be modelled by two elements, each of length L, cross sectional
area A, young‘s modulus E. (Nov 2018).
22. Find the stresses and strains in the bar made up of steel and aluminium as shown in
figure below. The elasticity modulus of steel and aluminium are to be taken as 200 Gpa
and 70Gpa respectively. (Apr/May 2021)
23. The furnace wall shown in fig below consisites of 30cm of fire brick, 10 cm of insulation
brick and 20cm of red brick with thermal conductivities respectively, 0.012, 0.0014 and
0.0086 W/cm/oC. the inner and outer temperatures are 400OC and 125OC, respectively.
Determine the internal temperature distribution. (Apr/May 2021)
16
24. Find the stresses and strains in the bar made up of steel and aluminium as shown in
figure below. The elasticity modulus of steel and aluminium are to be taken as 200 Gpa
and 70Gpa respectively. (Apr/May 2021, 2022)
Part – C (C312.2)
1. Figure shows the pin jointed configuration. Determine the nodal displacements and
stresses in each element. (May/June 2013)
2. Determine the first two natural frequencies of longitudinal vibration of the stepped steel
bar shown in figure and plot the mode shapes. All the dimensions are in mm. Take E= 200
GPa, and density 0.78 kg/cc. (Nov/Dec 2014)
3. Consider the bar as shown in figure. Determine the nodal displacements, stresses and
support reactions. (Nov/Dec 2014)
4. For the beam shown in figure, determine

(i) The slope at node 2 and 3 and
17
(ii) Vertical deflection at the mid point of the distributed load. All the elements have
E= 200 GPa and I= 5 x 106 mm4. (May/June 2013, Nov 2018, 2020). (May 2022)
5. For a tapered bar of uniform thickness t=10mm as shown in figure .find the displacements
at the nodes by forming into two element model. The bar has a mass density G = 7800
Kg/m3, the young’s modulus E = 2x105 MN/m2. In addition to self weibers. ght, the bar is
subjected to a point load P= 1 KN at its centre. Also determine the reaction forces at the
support.
6. Determine the fundamental frequency of the cantilever beam for the given cross section.
Length is 1.5 m, 3cm X 6 cm, load at the free end is 500 N, assume necessary data. ( May
2019)
7. A shaft of length 2000mm and diameter 8 mm carries a pulley at center 100 N, if the shaft
is mounted on both the ends by bearings. Determine the frequency. E= 200 GPa. Density
= 0.78 X10 6 , kg / m3
8. Determine the deflections for the truss system shown below, where A,E,l and k
respectively denote the area of cross-section, elasticity modulus, length of the truss
member, and stiffness of the spring. The load P acts at the hinge joining both the truss
members. (Apr/ May 2021)
UNIT-3 TWO DIMENSIONAL SCALAR VARIABLE PROBLEMS

PART A - C312.3
1. How do you define two dimensional elements? (May/June 2014)
Two dimensional elements are defined by three or more nodes in a two dimensional plane
(x, y Plane) the basic element used in this is triangular element.
2. What is QST(Quadratic strain Triangle) element? (May 2014)(Apr/May 2017, Nov
2018)
Ten noded triangular element is known as Quadratic Strain Triangle. The displacement
functions for the element are Cubic instead of linear in the CST.
18
3. Write down the governing equation for two dimensional steady state heat
conduction. (May/June 2014, Nov 2018, 2022)
𝑑 𝑑𝑇 𝑑 𝑑𝑇
(𝐾𝑥 ) + (𝐾𝑦 ) + 𝑄 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4. When is triangular element preferred over quadrilateral elements? (Nov/Dec 2015)
It depends on your geometry. Normally the triangular mesh are faster than the quadratic
one where the shape functions are simpler. But the quadratic meshes gives better results
generally and we use them normally.
5. Write down the shape functions associated with the three noded linear triangular
element and plot the variation of the same. (May/June 2015)
𝑢1
𝑢
U=[N1 N2 N3 ] { 2}
𝑢3
6. State the assumption in the theory of pure torsion. (Nov/Dec 2016)

i)The material of the shaft is homogenous, perfectly elastic and obeys hookes law
ii)Twist is uniform along the length of the shaft
iii) The stress does not exceed the limit of proportionality
iv) strain and deformation are small.
7. What is LST element? (Nov/Dec 2016, May 2019, Nov 2018)
Six noded triangular element is known as Linear Strain Triangle. It has 12 unknown
displacement degrees of freedom. The displacement functions for the element are
quadratic instead of linear in the CST. The Quadratic triangle has side nodes in addition
to vertex nodes. Here 12 d.o.f per element. The element strains can vary linearly within
the element. So it is called as LST – Linear Strain Triangle.
8. Write down the stress – strain relationship matrix for plane strain condition.
(Apr/May 2017)
D=
9. Why a CST element so called? (Nov/Dec 2014, Nov/Dec 2017, Nov 2018, May 2019)
CST is the constant strain triangle element. This CST has 3 nodes one at each vertex and
has six degrees of freedom. The element has constant strain throughout its area.
10. Define path line and streamline. (May/June 2016)
A streamline is an imaginary line that connects a series of points in space at a given
instant in such a manner that all particles falling on the line at that instant have velocities
whose vectors are tangent to the line.
Path line is defined as the locus of point through which a fluid particle of fixed identity
passes as it moves in space.
11. What are the ways by which a 3D problem can be reduced to a 2D problem?
(Nov/Dec 2014)
 Plane stress and plane strain conditions.
 Considering axisymmetric element formulation.
19
12. Write a displacement function equation for CST equation. (May/June 2016)
u1 
v 
 1 
 
u2 
u (x, y) N 0 N 0 N 0 N 0  v 

 2 
u
v (x, y)   0
1
N1 0
2
N2 0
3
N3 0
4
N 4 u 3 
v3 
 
u4 
v 
 4 
13. What are properties of Lagrange interpolation function?
Interpolation functions derived by using dependent unknown is called Lagrange’s family
of interpolations. So Lagrange interpolation function has unknown variables in shape
functions (x,y,z). It allows more internal nodes and admits more, higher degree terms into
polynomial shape functions.
14. What is meant by Pascal’s triangle? What is its use?
Pascal triangle Degree No. of terms
1 0 (Constant) 1 term
x y 1 (linear) 3 terms
x2 xy y2 2 (Quadratic) 6 terms
x3 x2 y xy2 y3 3 (Cubic) 10 terms
x4 x3y x2 y2 xy3 y4 4 (Quadratic) 15 terms
x5 x4y x3 y2 x2y3 xy4 y5 5 (Quadratic) 21 terms
Pascal’s triangle gives the complete polynomial representation for interpolation functions.
The derivation of shape functions using interpolation functions and x, y co-ordinates can
become tedious algebric task. This simplifies derivation of shape function
15. What is meant by “Area Co-ordinate” system?
It is alternative derivation of the interpolation functions for the higher order Lagrange
family of triangular elements is simplified by use of the “Area Co-ordinate” method.
16. Why triangular elements are generally considered with area co-ordinates?
While adding central node to triangular element, eliminates by static condensation. These
will be avoided while using area co-ordinates. It allows full cubic to be used. It also avoids
the difficulties of asymmetry.
17. Define “Higher Order Elements”
Higher Order Element classified into Heuristic element, Serendipity element.2D element,
3D element (Quadratic, Quadrilateral, brick etc) with interior node is called “Heuristic
element”.2D element, 3D element without interior node is called “Serendipity element”
18. Distinguish between plane stress and plane strain analysis with examples. (May
2022)
PLANE STRESS:Plane stress is defined as the state of stress in which the normal stress
and shear stress directly to plane are assumed to zero. Eg: Thin elements.
PLANE STRAIN:Plane strain is defined as the state of strain in which the strain normal
to x,y plane (ex) of shear strain rxx, ryxare assumed to be zero. The assumption of plane
strain is realistic for long bodies (say in z direction) with constant cross – sectional area
subjected to loads that act only in x or y – direction or in both x & y direction and do not
20
vary in z – direction. Eg: Thick Sections.

19. Differentiate between material non – linearity and geometric nonlinearity.
Geometric Nonlinearity: Where the geometry of the problem changes significantly. So
that a linear analysis is no longer acceptable. This might be due large displacement.
Material Nonlinearity: Where the material behaviour is not governed by a linear stress
– strain relationship, such as those materials considered in plasticity and creep problems.
20. What are the Difference between 2 dimensional scalar and vector variable
element?(April/May2018)
 Two dimensional scalar variable have only one direction independent variable per
node.
 Two dimensional triangular element stiffness matrix size is 3×3.
 Two dimensional vector variable elements have direction dependent variable at each
node.
 The element stiffness matrix of a triangular element size 6×6.
21. What are basic two dimensional elements?
(i) Triangular element (ii) Rectangular Element
(iii) Quadrilateral element (iv) Parallelogram Element
22. In what ways a three dimensional Problem can be reduced to a two dimensional
approach?[Nov/Dec 2014](Apr/May 2021)
when1–D element is too small when compared to other two dimension using plane stress
analysis. When 1-d Element is too large when compared to other two dimension using
plane strain analysis. When geometry is symmetric about the axis using axisymmetric
analysis
23. Write the governing equation for the torsion of non- circular sections and give the
associated boundary conditions.( or) Write the stiffness matrix of torsion of a square
shaft for three noded triangle element. [Nov/Dec 2017], (May 2019)
Governing equation
Where, φ = rotation along y and z directions.

24. Write down the shape functions for a 4 noded bi linear rectangular element.
[Nov/Dec 2017, April/May2018]
25. Classify the elements based on their dimensions (Nov 2018)

1D elements - bar, beam ;2D elements – Rectangular, triangular, quadrilateral,
axisymmetric
3D elements - Brick , tetrahedral
26. Difference between LST and QST and CST elements? (May 2019, 2022)(Nov/Dec
2020)
CST –Constant Strain Triangle element- 3noded element, 2 DOF/ node, 6
21
displacements, strain is constant throughout the element
LST- Linear Strain Triangle Element – 6 noded element, 2 DOF/ node, 12
displacements, strain is linear throughout the element
QST – Quadratic Strain Triangle element- 10 noded element, 2 DOF/ node, 20
displacements, strain is quadratic manner throughout the element
27. Express the shape function for a constant strain triangular finite element
(Nov/Dec 2020) (Apr/May
2021)
PART B (C312.3)
1. Determine the shape functions for a constant strain triangular (CST) element in terms of
natural coordinate system.(May/June 2014)(Nov/Dec 2020)
2. Determine the shape functions N1,N2 and N3 at the interior point p for the triangular
element shown in the figure.(May/June 2014)(Nov/ Dec 2020)
3. Find the Distribution in a square region with uniform energy generation as shown in fig.
Assume that there is no temperature variation in the Z direction. Take k=30W/cmOC,
L=10cm, T∞= 50OC, Q=100W/cm3
4. A circular fin of 40mm diameter is fixed to a base maintained at 50°C as shown in fig.
The fin is insulated on the surface expect the end face which is exposed to air at 25°C.The
length of the pin is 1000mm, fin is made of metal with thermal conductivity of 37 W/m
K. If the convection heat coefficient with air is 15 W/m2 K. Find the temperature
distribution at 250,500,750 and 1000 mm from base. (Nov/Dec 2015)
5. A two dimensional fin is subjected to heat transfer by conduction and convection. It is

discretized as shown in fig. into two elements using linear triangular elements. Derive
the conduction, and thermal load vector. How is convection accounted for in
solving the problem using finite element method? (May/June 2015)
22
6. A bilinear rectangular element has coordinates as shown in fig and the nodal temperatures
are T1=100°C,T2=60°C, T3=50°C, T4=90°C.Compute the temperature at the point whose
coordinates are (2.5,2.5).Also determine the 80°C isotherm. (May 2015,April/May2018)
7. The x, y coordinates of nodes i, j and k of a triangular elements are given by (0, 0), (3,0)
and (1.5, 4) mm respectively. Evaluate the shape functions N1, N2, and N3 at an interior
point P(2, 2.5) mm of the elements. Evaluate the strain – displacement relation matrix B
for the above same triangular elements and explain how stiffness matrix is obtained
assuming scalar variable problem. (Nov/Dec 2016)
8. Calculate the temperature distribution in the stainless steel fin shown in Fig. The region
can be discretized into 3 elements of equal size. (Nov/Dec 2016)
9. Determine the temperature distribution along a circular fin of length 5 cm and radius 1
cm. The fin is attached to a boiler whose wall temperature 1400deg and the other end is
open to the atmosphere. Assume T∞= 400C, h= 10 W/ cm20C, k= 70 W/cm 0C. (Nov/Dec
2014)
10. Consider a rectangular plate of length 3500 mm and width of 2500 mm having thickness
of 300 mm. It is subjected to a uniform heat source of 200 W/ m3 acting over the whole
body. The temperature of the top side of the body is maintained at 130 0C. The body is
insulated on the other edges. Take the thermal conductivity of the material as 35 W /m
0
C. Determine the temperature distribution using triangular elements. (Nov/Dec2013)
11. Compute the steady state temperature distributions in the plate shown in figure by
discretizing the domain of interest using triangular elements. Assume Thermal
Conductivity k = 1.5 W/m 0C. (Nov/Dec 2014, Nov/Dec 2017)
23
12. Compute the finite element equation for the LST element shown in figure. (May/June
2013)
Thickness = 2mm
E = 200GPa
𝖯=0.3
Load = 5N/mm2
13. A triangular plate of thickness 9 mm has vertices P(40,40), Q (100, 40) and R (70, 130).
It is fixed at P and supported on rollers at Q. There is vertical downward load of 5 kN
applied at R. Take Young’s modulus as 200 GPa. Determine the nodal displacements
accounting for body weight. Take density of material as 7800 kg/m3.( (Nov/Dec2013)
14. Derive the Stiffness matrix for Torsional triangular element.
15. For the square shaft of cross section 1 cm x 1cm as shown in Fig. It was decided to
determine the stress distribution using FEM by solving for the stress function values.
Considering geometric and boundary condition symmetry 1/8 th of the cross section was
modeled using two triangular elements and one bilinear rectangular element as shown.
The element matrices are given below. Carry out the assembly and solve for the unknown
stress function values.
16. Derive the conductance matrix for a 3noded triangular element whose nodal coordinates
are known. The element is to be used for two dimensional heat transfer in a plate fin.
(April/May2018)
17. A square shaft cross section 1cm x 1cm as shown in Figure is to be analyzed
fordetermining the stress distribution. Considering geometric and boundary condition
symmetry 1/8th of the cross section was modeled using four equitized triangular elements
as shown. The element stiffness matrix and force vector for a triangle whose nodal
coordinates are (0,0) , (0.25,0) and (0.25,0.25) are given below. Carry out the assembly
and determine the assembled stiffness matrix. Impose the boundary conditions and explain
how the unknown stress function values at the nodes can be used to determine the shear
stress.(April/May2018)
18. (i) Brief the following: Continuity and completeness of elements (6) (Apr/May
2021)
(ii) Illustrate the variation of shape function across nodes in a quadrilateral finite
element(7)
19. Derive the shape function for an eight node quadrilateral element (Apr/May 2021)
20. Derive the shape function for an six node triangular element (Apr/May 2021)
Part - C (C312.3)
1. A thin plate is subjected to surface tension as shown in figure. Calculate global stiffness
matrix. Take t=25mm, E= 2×105N/mm2 & µ=0.3. Assume plane stress condition.
24
2. Compute the element matrix and vectors for the element shown in figure when the edges
2-3 and 3-1 experience convection heat loss. (Apr/May 2022)
3. A shaft having rectangular cross section with 8×4cm sides as show in fig. The material
has shear modulus 80×105N/cm2. The shaft length is 100 cm. the shaft is fixed at one end
and subjected to torque T at the other end. Determine the total angle of twist if the applied
torque is 10×103N-cm.
UNIT- 4 TWO DIMENSIONAL VECTOR VARIABLE PROBLEMS

PART A (C312.4)
1. Distinguish between plane stress and plane strain conditions. (Nov/Dec 2015)(Apr/
May 2022)
2. Plane stress condition can be visualized as thin plate with stresses acting along its plane.
There is no stress acting perpendicular to to the the plane and components in equations
are zero. Plain strain can be idealized as long wire with stresses acting perpendicular to
its length.
3. What is meant by plane stress analysis? (Nov/Dec 2016)(Nov/ Dec 2020)
Plane stress is defined to be a state in which the normal stress (W) and shear stress
directed perpendicular to the plane is assumed to be zero.
4. What are the types of shell elements? (May/June 2016)
o Flat shell element
o Curved shell element
o Solid shell element
o Degenerated shell element
5. Sketch a finite element model for a long cylinder subjected to an internal pressure
using axis symmetric elements. (Nov/Dec 2015)
25
6. State the applications of axisymmetric elements. (May/June 2013)

Applications of axisymmetric elements are boilers, water tanks, chimney, nuclear reactor
etc.
7. Write the finite element equation used to analyze a two dimensional heat
conduction problem. (May/June 2013)
Stiffness matrix for 2D heat conduction problem
Force vector Displacement vector
8. Write the strain – displacement matrix for a CST element.(Nov 2016,2020 April
2018)
9. What are the ways which a three dimensional problems can be reduced into two
dimensional approach? (Apr/May 2017, Nov/Dec 2017)
a)Plane stress b)Plane strain c)Axisymmetric
10. Write down the stress – strain relationship matrix for an axisymmetric triangular
element. (May/June 2016)
11. Specify the strain displacement matrix of CST element and comment on it.
(Nov2013)
Strain Displacement matrix of CST element is given by
b1 0 b2 0 b3 0 
1 
[B ] 
e
0 c1 0 c2 0 c3 
2A  
 c1 b1 c2 b2 c3 b3 
26
Where,b1= y2-y3; b2= y3-y1; b3= y1-y2 ; c1= x3-x2 ; c2= x1-x3;c3= x2-x1;
12. What are non homogeneous boundary conditions? Give an example.(
(Nov/Dec2013)
The Heat equation without source problem is an example of non homogeneous boundary
condition problem.
13. What is axisymmetric element?

Many three dimensional problems in engineering exhibit symmetry about an axis of
rotation. Such types of problems are solved by a two dimensional element called the
axisymmetric element. A two – dimensional element formulated for use in problems
with axial symmetry, When the elements are used only a radial section of the geometry
needs to be modelled.
14. What are the conditions for a problem to be axisymmetric element?
(i). The problem domain must be symmetric about the axis of revolution.
(ii). All boundary conditions must be symmetric about the axis of revolutions
(iii). All loading conditions must be symmetric about the axis of revolution.
15. What are the applications and example of Plane stress analysis?
Generally members that are thin (those with a small z dimension compared to the in
plane x and y dimensions) and whose loads act only in the x – y plane can be considered
to be under plane stress. Plate with holes and plates with fillets are coming under plane
stress analysis problem. Example: Gears
16. What are the four basic sets of elasticity equation?
(a) Equilibrium equation
(b) Compatibility equation
(c) Strain displacement relationship equations
(d) Stress-stain relationship.
17. What are the applications and example of Plane strain analysis? (or) What are the
applications and example of Plane stress analysis? (April/May 2021, May 2019, Nov
2018)
Generally members that are thin (those with a small z dimension compared to the in plane
x and y dimensions) and whose loads act only in the x – y plane can be considered to be
under plane stress. Plate with holes and plates with fillets are coming under plane stress
analysis problem.
Example: Gears, Dams and pipes subjected to loads that remain constant over their lengths
are coming under plane strain analysis problems. Example: long pipe and dam wall.
18. Write the four applications of Axisymmetric elements? (Nov 2018)
Pressure vessels, Rocket Castings, Cooling towers, Submarine hills, springs.
19. What are the stresses need to be calculated in axisymmetric problem.
Radial Stress, Longitudinal stress – circumferential stress, shear stress.
20. Define body force.
A body force is a distributed vector acing on every elemental volume of the body
27
21. Define plate element(April/May2018)

A Plate is a planar structure with a very small thickness in comparison to the planer
dimensions. The forces applied on a plate are perpendicular to the plane of the plate.
22. What are the assumptions made in equation of an elasticity.

Perfectly elastic, Homogeneous, Isotropic
23. Write the strain available in Axisymmetric triangular element?
Radial, circumferential, longitudinal, shear.
24. What is the effect of the element distortion in the analysis results?[April/May 2011]
It affects the accuracy of the stress distribution.
25. Differentiate between plate and shell element(April/May2018, 2021)
 A Plate is a planar structure with a very small thickness in comparison to the planer
dimensions. The forces applied on a plate are perpendicular to the plane of the plate.
 A shell element is curved surface, which by virtue of their shape can withstand both
membrane and bending forces.
26. What are the assumptions made in thin plate and thick plate elements? Apr/May
2017)
 Thin plate – The line normal to the neutral axis before bending remains straight after
bending.
 The transverse shearing strains are assumed to be zero.
 Thick plate – The deflections of the plate are small. Stresses normal to the mid surface
are negligible.
PART B (C312.4)
1. Derive constitutive matrix for axisymmetric analysis. (Nov/Dec 2015)(Apr/May 2022)
2. What are lagrangian interpolation functions? Using lagrangian polynomials derive the
shape functions for ID quadratic element/cubic element. (Nov/Dec 2015)
3. (i) A plate of dimensions 15cm *6cm *1cm is subjected to an axial pull of 5KN.
Assuming a typical element is of dimensions as shown in fig. determine the strain
displacement matrix and constitutive matrix E=200GPa, Poisson’s ratio=0.3, t=10mm.
(May/June 2015, April/May2018)
(ii) Derive the stiffness matrix for a ID linear element.(April/May2018)

4. For the triangular element as shown in the Fig, determine the strain – displacement matrix
[B] and constitutive matrix [D]. Assume plane stress conditions. Take µ = 0.1m. Also
calculate the element stiffness matrix for the triangular element. (Nov/Dec 2016, 2020)
5. For an axi-symmetric element, determine stiffness matrix. Take E=210GPa and µ=0.25
the coordinates are in mm the nodel displacements are u1=0.05mm, w1=0.03mm,
28
u2=0.02mm, w2= 0.02mm, u3= 0, w3=0. the nodal coordinates are (0,0),(50,0), (0,50)
for the node 1,2,3 respectively. (Nov/Dec 2016)
6. (i) Determine the stiffness matrix for the CST Element shown in Fig. The co-ordinates
are given in mm. Assume plane stress conditions E = 210GPa, v=0.25 and t=10mm.
(Nov/Dec 2017)
(ii) Determine the pressure at the location (7,4) in a rectangular plate with the data shown
in Fig and also draw 50Mpa contour line. (Nov/Dec 2017)
7. The nodal coordinates for an axisymmetric triangular element are given in Fig. Evaluate
the strain – displacement matrix(April/May2018)
8. Triangular elements are used for the stress analysis of plate subjected to inplane loads.
The (x,y) coordinates of nodes i,j and k of an element are given by (2,3), (4,1), and (4,5)
mm respectively. The nodal displacements are given as:
u1=2.0 mm; u2=0.5 mm; u3=3.0 mm
v1=2.0 mm; v2=0.5 mm; v3=3.0 mm; Determine the element stresses. Let E= 160 GPa,
Poisson’s ratio = 0.25 and the thickness of the element t= 10 mm. (May/June 2013)
9. (i) What are the non zero stress and strain components of axisymmetric element? Explain.
(ii) Derive the elment stiffness matrix of an axisymmetric element using potential
approach.
(May/June 2013)
10. A four node quadrilateral element is defined by nodal coordinates (in mm) as 1(3,8),
2(10,5) , 3(12,18) and 4(5,16). The nodal displacement vector is given by
q=[0,0,2,0,1.6,1.2,0,0.6]T. Evaluate the stress at point P (7,12) of the element assuming
plane stress condition. Take Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s ratio as 30x106 N/m2 and
0.3 respectively. (Nov/Dec2013)
11. Establish the shape functions and derive the strain displacement matrix for an
axisymmetric triangular element. (Nov/Dec2013)
29
12. Derive the element stiffness matrix for axisymmetric triangular element.
13. Evaluate the strain diplacement matrix and stress strain matrix for an axisymmetry
triangular element take E=2.1×105 N/mm2 and µ=0.25. the nodal coordinates are
(50,10),(50,0), (60,10) for the node 1,2,3 respectively.
14. Develop elasticity equation for 2D Element.
15. Derive the stess strain relationship matrix for axisymmetric triangular element.
16. i) The nodal co-ordinates for an axi-symmetric triangular element are given below.
r1=10mm, r2=40mm, r3=40mm,z1=10mm, z2=10mm,z3=50mm. Evaluate strain
displacement matrix.
ii) Nodal values of the triangular element is shown in Fig. Evaluate element shape
functions and calculate the value of temperature at a point whose coordinate are given(5,7)
.(Nov/Dec 2017)
17. (i) A thin plate of thickness 5mm is subjected to an axial loading as shown in the Figure.
It is divided into two triangular elements by diving it diagonally. Determine the straiin
displacement matrix [B], load vector and the constitutive matrix. How will you derive the
stiffness matrix?(Need not be determined). What will be the size of the assembled stiffness
matrix?. What are the boundary conditions? E = 2 x 107 N/cm2 , μ=0.3.(April/May2018)
(ii) Differentiate between plane stress and plane strain analysis.(April/May2018)

18. Calculate the strain displacement matrix and the load vector for the CST elements 1and
2, and the global load vector for the domain shown below (Apr/May 2021)
19. A long cylinder of outer diameter 100 mm and inner diameter 70mm fits snugly in a hole
over its full length as shown in figure below. The cyclinder is then subjected to an internal
pressure of 1.8 MPa. Find the horizontal displacements of two points lying on inner radius
which are vertically apart by a distance of 10 mm. (Apr/ May 2022)
30
Part C (C312.4)
1. Determine the element stiffess matrix and the thermal load vector for plane stress element.
The element increases by 15 oC in temperature. Take, E = 15×106 N/cm2. Also given t =
0.5cm, α= 6×10-6/oC. the nodal coordinates are (0,0),(2,0), (1,3) for the node 1,2,3
respectively.
(May 2019)
2. The nodal coordinates for an axisymmetric triangular element at its three nodes are (r1,
z1) = (30, 10), (r2 , z2) = (50,10), (r3 , z3) = (40,60). Determine the strain displacement
matrix for that element (May 2019).
3. Determine the element strains for an axisymmetric triangular element shown in figure.
The nodal displacements are u1= 0.001, u2= 0.002, u3= - 0.003, w1= 0.002, w2=0.001,
w3=0.004. All dimensions are in cm. Assume suitable missing data. (Nov 2018)
UNIT - 5 ISOPARAMETRIC FORMULATION

PART A (C312.5)
1. What is the salient feature of an isoparametric element. (Nov/Dec 2015) (May
2019).
It is difficult to present the curved boundaries by straight edges finite elements. A large
number of finite elements may be used to obtain reasonable resemblance between original
body and the assemblage. In order to overcome this drawback, isoparametric elements are
used i.e for problems involving curved boundaries, a family of elements known as
isoparametric elements.
2. What is the purpose of isoparametric element? (Nov/Dec 2016,2020,May 2019).
It is difficult to represent the curved boundaries by straight edges finite elements. A large
number of finite elements may be used to obtain reasonable resemblance between original
body and assemblage. In order to overcome this drawback, isoparametric elements are
used i.e. for problems involving curved boundaries, a family of elements known as
“isoparametric elements” is used.
3. What are the advantages of Gauss quadrature numerical integration for
isoparametric elements? (Nov/Dec 2016) (May 2019).
Gauss guadrature method is used to find the value of complicated integral through simple
approach. It converts the integration form into summation form. Even though the solution
obtained by gauss quadrature method is approximate, the accuracy can be improved by
selecting more terms.
31
4. What are the essential and natural boundary conditions? Give some example.
(Apr/May 2017) (May 2019).
The geometric boundary conditions are displacement, slope etc. The natural boundary
conditions are bending moment, shear force etc.
5. Write down the stiffness matrix equation for four nodedisoparametric elements.
(Apr/May 2017) (May 2019).
1
Stiffness matrix, [𝐾] = 𝑡 ∬ [𝐵]𝑇[𝐷][𝐵]x|𝐽| 𝜕𝜀 x𝜕𝜂
−1
Where, t= Thickness of the element; |J| = Determinant of the Jacobian
ε,η = Natural co – ordinates; [B] = Strain – Displacement matrix
[D] – Stress strain Displacement matrix
Natural Co ordinate System - It is a special type of co ordinate system. Here the co
ordinates of any point in a system lies between -1 and +1.The Natural Co ordinate
system is very useful during usage of iso parametric elements.
Local Co ordinate System - It is a co ordinate system created individually for each
component or any suitable sub-assembly. Local axis is established in an element. Since it
is in the element level they change with the change in orientation of the element. The
direction differs from element to element.
6. Write the shape functions for a 1D quadratic iso parametric element. (Nov/Dec 2014)
(May 2019).
7. Name a few FEA packages. (Nov/Dec 2014)

Ansys, COSMOS, NASTRON, IDEAS, SOLIDWORKS.
8. When are isoparametric elements used? (May/June 2013)
It is generally applicable for two and three-dimensional stress analysis and for non-
structural problems. The isoparametric formulation allows elements to the created that are
nonrectangular and have curved sides.
9. What are force vectors? Give an example. (May/June 2013)
Representation of nodal forces acting on the structure in
Force vector [F] = { F1F2 F3 F4}T
10. What are super parametric elements? Give an example. (Nov/Dec2013) (May 2019).
If the number nodes used for defining the geometry is more than number of nodes used
for defining the displacements is known as super parametric element.
Plate elements and shell elements are defined using super parametric elements.
11. What is the difference between natural coordinates and local coordinates?(Nov-
2020)
Local Co ordinate System - It is a co ordinate system created individually for each
component or any suitable sub-assembly.
Natural Co ordinate System - It is a special type of co ordinatesystem.Here the co
ordinates of any point in a system lies between -1 and +1.
32
12. Define “Higher Order Elements”. (May2013) (May 2019).

Higher Order Element classified into Heuristic element, Serendipity element.2D element,
3D element
13. Specify the shape functions of a four-node quadrilateral
element.(Nov/Dec2013,April/May2018) (May 2019. 2022).
Where s and t are natural coordinates.

14. Write the Jacobian for the one dimensional 2 noded linear element.
15. What is a Jacobian matrix? (May 2019)

A matrix containing the derivatives of global co-ordinates with respect to natural co-
ordinates of a particular element.
16. What is meant by quadrature?
Quadrature is the name applied to evaluating an integral numerically, rather than
analytically as is done in tables of integrals.
17. State trapezoidal rule of integration?
A popular unconditional stable implicit method is called the trapezoidal rule or the average
acceleration method. The trapezoidal rule relates displacements, velocities and
acceleration.
18. Define Gauss Quadrature.
A method of numerical integration where the value of the integrand is evaluated at sample
points then summed after factoring with weighting functions. If applied accurately with
the correct number of sampling points, Gauss Quadrature will give the exact answer.
19. What is meant by co-ordinate transformation? (Nov 2018)
Transformation of finite element mesh into a domain (or) master element for numerical
integration. i.e. transformation of local co-ordinate (x,y) into global co-ordinate (η,Σ).
20. What are the advantages of natural coordinate system?(April/May2018, 2019, 2021).
 Natural coordinate system is basically a local coordinate system which allows the
specification of a point within the element by a set of dimensionless numbers whose
magnitude never exceeds unity.
 Natural coordinate system is found to be very effective in formulating the element
properties in finite element formulation.
 Natural coordinate system is defined in such that the magnitude at nodal points will have
unity or zero or a convenient set of fractions.
21. What are serendipity elements? (Nov 2018)
The serendipity elements are those rectangular elements which have no interior nodes.
33
22. What are the types of Eigen value problems? (May 2019).
There are essentially three groups of method of solution,
 Determinant based methods,
 Transformation based methods,
 Vector iteration methods
23. How many gauss points should be preferred to numerically integrate a third order
polynomial? (Apr/May 2021)
2n-1 = 3; n=4/2=2 2 gauss point is preferred for third order polynomial.
PART B (C312.5)
1. Determine the jacobian matrix for the quadrilateral element whose Cartesian coordinates
of the corner nodes are given by (0,-1), (-2,3),(2,4) and (5,3). Evaluate the jacobian matrix
at the point (0.5,0.5). (Nov/Dec 2015)
1
2. Using gauss quadrature method evaluate the integral 𝐼 = ∫ (2 + 𝑥 + 𝑥2)𝑑𝑥 and
−1
compare with exact solution. (Apr/May 2022)
3. (i) Using guass quadrature evaluate the following integral(April/May2018)
+1 3+𝜉 2
I=∬ 𝑑𝜉 𝑑𝔥
−1 2+𝔥2
(ii) Evaluate the shape function for one corner node and one mid side node of a nine noded
quadrilateral element. (April/May2018) (May 2019).
4. (i) For the four noded element shown in fig (i) determine the Jacobin and evaluate its
value at the point (1/3,1/3) (Nov/Dec2017, April/May2018) (May 2019).
(ii) Differentiatebetween subparametric, isoparametric and superparametric

elements.(April/May2018)
5. The Cartesian (global) coordinates of the corner nodes of an isoparametric quadrilateral
element are given by (1,0), (2,0), (2.5, 1.5), and (1.5,). Find the jacobian matrix.
(Nov/Dec 2016) (May 2019).
1 1
6. Evaluate the integral by two point Gaussian quadrature I = ∫ ∫ (2x2 + 3xy +
−1 −1
4y2)dx dy . Gauss points are +0.57735 and -0.57735 each of weight 1.0000.
(Nov/Dec 2016) (May 2019).
7. For the isoparametric quadrilateral element(2,1), (8,4), (6,6) and (3,5) as shown in Fig,
the Cartesian coordinates of point ‘P’ are (6, 4). The loads 10kN and 20kN are acting in
the x and y direction on that point P. Evaluate the nodal forces. (Nov/Dec 2020)
34
8. (i).Derive the Jacobian matrix for triangular element with the (x,y) coordinates of the
nodes are (1.5,2) (7,3.5) and (4,7) at nodes i, j, k. (Nov/Dec 2014)
(ii).Find the Jacobian transformation for four noded quadrilateral element with the (x,y)
coordinates of the nodes are (0,0) (2,0) (2,1) and (0,1) at nodes i,j,k,l. Also find the
jacobian at point whose natural coordinates are (0,0). (May 2019).
9. Evaluate the Jacobian Matrix for the isoparametric quadrilateral element (1,0), (2,0),
(2.5,1.5) and (1.5, 1) shown in Fig (May 2019) (Nov 2018, 2020)
10. (i) Evaluate the Integral using Gaussian integration with one , two and three integration
points. (Nov/Dec 2014)
1 1
I=∫ (𝑒𝑥 + 𝑥2 + )𝑑𝑥
−1 𝑥+7
Number of
Location Weights
points
1 0 2
2 ± 1/ √3 1
3 ± 0.774597 0.55555,0.88888
(ii) Determine the stiffness matrix of triangular elements with the (x,y) coordinates of the
nodes are (0,-4), (8,0) and (0,4) at nodes i,j,k. Assume plane stress condition. Take E=
200GPa, Poisson’s ratio = 0.35. (May 2019) (Nov 2018)
11. (i) Consider the isoparametric quadrilateral element with nodes 1-4 at (5,5), (11,7), (12,
15) and (4,10) respectively. Compute the Jacobian matrix and its determinant at the
element centroid. (May/June 2013)
1
(ii) Use Gaussian quadrature with two points to evaluate the integral ∫ (𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑥/(1 −
−1
𝑥2))𝑑𝑥
The Gaussian points are ± 0.5774and weights at the two points are equal to unity.
(May2013)
12. The nodal displacements of a rectangular element having nodal coordinates (0,0), (4,0),
(4,2) and (0,2) are: u1=0 mm; u2=0.1 mm; u3=0.05 mm; v1=0 mm; v2=0.05 mm; u3=0.05
mm; u4=0.00 mm and u4=0.0mm respectively. Determine the stress matrix at r= 0 and
s=0 using isoparametric formulation. Take E= 210 GPa, Poisson’s ratio = 0.25.
(May/June 2013)
13. Derive the shape function for eight noded rectangular element. (May 2019) (Nov 2018)
14. Derive the shape function for four noded rectangular element. (May 2019, 2022) (Nov
2018)
15. Derive the element stiffness matrix equation for isoparamteric quadrilateral element
16. (i) Derive the shape functions for all the corner nodes of a nine noded quadrilateral
element.
(ii) Using Gauss Quadrature evaluate the following integral using 1, 2 and 3 point
integration.(Nov/Dec2017)
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑠
∫ 𝑑𝑠
𝑆(1 − 𝑠2)
−1
35
17. (i) Explain the following: Iso-parametric, sub-parametric, super-paremetricelements.(6)

(ii) what are serendipity elements? How are they different from lagrangian elements?
What are the advantages and drawbacks of serendipity elements? (7) (Apr/ May 2021)
18. Derive the element equation for a uniform rod experiencing free axial
vibrations.(Apr2021)
Part-C (C312.5)
1. Evaluate the Jocobian Matrix at r=s=1/2 for the linear quadrilateral element. The nodal
coordinates are (4,4) (7,5) (8,10) (3,8). (May 2019) (Nov 2018)
2. Determine the strain displacement matrix for the linear quad element at gauss point
r=0.57735 and s=-0.57735, for the isoparametric quadrilateral element which has the
coordinates (1,1) (5,2) (4,5) (2,4). (May 2019) (Nov 2018)
3. Integrate f(x) = 10 + 20x – (3x2/10) + (4x3/100) – (-5x4/1000) + (6x5/10000) between 8
and 12. Use Gaussian quadrature rule. (May 2019) (Nov 2018)
36

Me8692 Finite Element Analysis Question Bank 2022-2023

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MOTHER TERESA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ME8692 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS LTPC

UNIT II ONE-DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS 9

UNIT III TWO DIMENSIONAL SCALAR VARIABLE PROBLEMS 9

UNIT IV TWO DIMENSIONAL VECTOR VARIABLE PROBLEMS 9

UNIT V ISOPARAMETRIC FORMULATION 9

MAPPING BETWEEN CO AND PO, PSO WITH CORRELATION LEVEL 1/2/3

RELATION BETWEEN COURSE CONTENT WITH COs

UNIT III: TWODIMENSIONAL SCALAR VARIABLE PROBLEMS

UNIT IV: TWO DIMENSIONAL VECTOR VARIABLE PROBLEMS

UNIT V: ISOPARAMETRIC FORMULATION

Ap – Apply; An – Analyze; U – Understand, E- Evaluate, C-Create

23. What is aspect ratio?

8. The following differential equation is available for physical phenomenon: d2w/dx2-

12. (i) Discuss the importance of FEA in assisting design process.

E=1, A=1, L=1

3. Define dynamic analysis. (May/June 2014)

22. State the principle of minimum potential energy.

4. For the beam shown in figure, determine

UNIT-3 TWO DIMENSIONAL SCALAR VARIABLE PROBLEMS

6. State the assumption in the theory of pure torsion. (Nov/Dec 2016)

vary in z – direction. Eg: Thick Sections.

Where, φ = rotation along y and z directions.

25. Classify the elements based on their dimensions (Nov 2018)

5. A two dimensional fin is subjected to heat transfer by conduction and convection. It is

UNIT- 4 TWO DIMENSIONAL VECTOR VARIABLE PROBLEMS

6. State the applications of axisymmetric elements. (May/June 2013)

Force vector Displacement vector

13. What is axisymmetric element?

21. Define plate element(April/May2018)

22. What are the assumptions made in equation of an elasticity.

(ii) Derive the stiffness matrix for a ID linear element.(April/May2018)

(ii) Differentiate between plane stress and plane strain analysis.(April/May2018)

UNIT - 5 ISOPARAMETRIC FORMULATION

7. Name a few FEA packages. (Nov/Dec 2014)

12. Define “Higher Order Elements”. (May2013) (May 2019).

Where s and t are natural coordinates.

15. What is a Jacobian matrix? (May 2019)

(ii) Differentiatebetween subparametric, isoparametric and superparametric

17. (i) Explain the following: Iso-parametric, sub-parametric, super-paremetricelements.(6)

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