Name: De Leon, Patricia A. Prof.

Lita Sagun
BSMA 2B Art Appreciation

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING:

Human culture: The way people live together, including their language, beliefs, traditions, and
customs.
Paleoanthropologists: Scientists who study ancient humans and their ancestors.
Eoliths: Very old stone tools made by early humans.
Cultural documents: Records or artifacts that tell us about how people lived in the past.
Arts: Things like paintings, sculptures, music, and dance that show emotions, ideas, or culture.
Stained glass: Colored glass used to make beautiful windows or artworks.
Pictographs: Drawings that represent ideas or stories, often found on rocks.
Petroglyphs: Carvings or engravings on rocks made by ancient people.
Prehistory: Time before written history or recorded events.
Megalithic arts: Large stone structures or sculptures made by ancient people.
Ceramics: Objects like pottery or tiles made from baked clay.
Polychromy: Using many colors in art or sculpture.
Bifacial tools: Stone tools with sharp edges on both sides.
Neoclassicism: Art and architecture inspired by ancient Greek and Roman styles.
Fresco: Painting on wet plaster.
Fauvism: Art style with bright colors and bold brushstrokes.
Rococo: Fancy and decorative style of art and architecture from the 18th century.
Realism: Showing everyday things and people in art realistically.
Illuminated manuscripts: Handwritten books with fancy designs and illustrations.
Name: De Leon, Patricia A. Prof. Lita Sagun
BSMA 2B Art Appreciation

Discussion Questions:

1. How do you describe arts as a cultural document?

Art shows us how people lived in the past—what they believed, valued, and experienced—
through paintings, sculptures, and other creative works.
2. What are the purposes of arts during ancient times in Europe?
Ancient European art told stories, decorated religious places, showed power, and helped people
understand their world.
3. What ancient arts are mostly found in caves? What are their significant values?
Cave paintings show animals, hunting scenes, and rituals from ancient times. They're important
because they teach us about early human life and their environment.
4. What is the importance of stone during the Paleolithic period? Explain.
Stone was crucial for making tools used in hunting, crafting, and survival. It shows early human
cleverness and how they adapted to their surroundings.
5. What legacy in Ancient Europe do you like the most?
I'm fascinated by cave paintings because they connect us directly to our ancestors, showing
their creativity and relationship with nature.
Name: De Leon, Patricia A. Prof. Lita Sagun
BSMA 2B Art Appreciation

1. Define/describe famous prayers and rituals.

Mumbaki: A traditional ritual specialist among the Igorot people of the Philippines, known for
conducting spiritual ceremonies.
Cashawing: A healing ritual performed by the Ivatan people of Batanes involving chanting and
offerings to spirits.
Pagtatawas: A folk healing ritual done to diagnose illness or determine causes of misfortune by
using melted candle wax or oil in water.
Palina: A ritual of the Tagbanua people involving the cleansing and healing of a sick person
using prayers and herbal medicines.
Pangalap: A gathering ritual among the B’laan tribe in Mindanao to seek blessings for a good
harvest or successful hunting.
Pagdiwata: A ceremony among the Tagalog people to honor ancestral spirits and seek their
blessings for bountiful harvests and protection.

2. What are the famous indigenous musical instruments in the Philippines?

a. There are 4 categories – give examples for each category
Idiophones: Instruments that produce sound through the instrument's vibration, like the
kulintang (gongs) and Agung (large hanging gong).
Aerophones: Instruments that produce sound by vibrating air, such as the bamboo flute
(bansuri) and tongali (nose flute).
Chordophones: Stringed instruments like the kudyapi (two-stringed boat lute) and the hegalong
(two-stringed lute).
Membranophones: Instruments with a stretched membrane or drumhead that vibrates to
produce sound, such as the tambol (drum).

3. What is the importance of Philippine handicrafts?

Handicrafts in the Philippines are important for preserving cultural heritage, generating income
for communities, and showcasing indigenous skills and creativity.
Name: De Leon, Patricia A. Prof. Lita Sagun
BSMA 2B Art Appreciation

4. What are the common handicraft materials?

Common materials used in Philippine handicrafts include bamboo, rattan, abaca (banana fiber),
wood, coconut shells, and various natural fibers.

5. What are the traditional craftsmanship in the Philippines?

Traditional craftsmanship in the Philippines includes basket weaving, pottery making, wood
carving, metalworking, and textile production using traditional methods and designs.

6. What is GAMABA Awards - Gawad Sa Manlilikha Ng Bayan?

The GAMABA Awards recognize outstanding traditional artists and artisans in the Philippines
who excel in preserving and promoting indigenous crafts, arts, and traditions. It honors their
contributions to Filipino culture and heritage.
Name: De Leon, Patricia A. Prof. Lita Sagun
BSMA 2B Art Appreciation

1. Art Making(Soul Making Practice)

Art making, or creating art, is a way for artists to express themselves and explore their
emotions, ideas, and experiences through various mediums like painting, sculpture, or
photography. It can be a deeply personal and introspective process, often referred to as a "soul-
making practice" because it involves connecting with one's inner self and creativity.

2. How to Critique an Artwork?

Critiquing artwork involves carefully examining and evaluating it based on certain criteria. To
critique art, you can analyze its elements like composition, color, form, and subject matter, and
consider how these aspects contribute to the overall message or impact of the piece.

3. Basic guidelines to follow in achieving a thoughtful, thorough critique

When critiquing art, it's important to approach it thoughtfully and thoroughly. Start by
observing the artwork closely, noting your initial impressions and reactions. Consider the
context in which the artwork was created, its intended meaning, and the artist's techniques.
Provide constructive feedback based on both objective observations and subjective
interpretations.

4. Essential elements of an art critique

An art critique typically includes analysis of:
Formal elements: Composition, color, line, shape, texture, and space.
Subject matter: What the artwork is depicting or expressing.
Technique: How the artist applied materials and executed the work.
Context: The historical, cultural, or personal background that influences the artwork.
Interpretation: Your understanding of the artwork's meaning and significance.

5. How to Analyze an artwork?

Analyzing artwork involves breaking it down into its fundamental elements and understanding
how these elements work together. Focus on observing and describing what you see, identifying
patterns or motifs, and exploring the visual relationships within the artwork.
Name: De Leon, Patricia A. Prof. Lita Sagun
BSMA 2B Art Appreciation

6. How to interpret an artwork?

Interpreting art requires exploring its deeper meaning and symbolism. Consider the artist's
intentions, the historical or cultural context, and your own emotional response to the artwork.
Interpretation involves making connections between visual elements and broader themes or
ideas.

7. How to judge the artwork?

When judging artwork, it's important to assess its quality, effectiveness, and impact. Evaluate
whether the artwork achieves its intended purpose, communicates its message clearly, and
demonstrates technical skill and creativity. Provide feedback that acknowledges both strengths
and areas for improvement, always respecting the artist's vision and perspective.
Name: De Leon, Patricia A. Prof. Lita Sagun
BSMA 2B Art Appreciation

Answer the following:

1. Identify the elements of the painting. Describe each aspect.

Color: The visual property of objects determined by the light they reflect or emit. Colors can
convey emotions and set the mood of a painting.
Line: A mark made by a drawing tool, which can define shapes and create movement or texture
in a painting.
Shape: Two-dimensional area defined by lines or colors, such as geometric shapes or organic
forms.
Form: Three-dimensional objects represented in a painting, giving a sense of depth and volume.
Texture: Surface quality of an artwork, which can be rough, smooth, matte, or glossy.
Value: The lightness or darkness of colors and tones in a painting, creating contrast and defining
shapes.

2. Draw a color wheel and classify each

Primary Colors: Red, blue, and yellow, which are fundamental colors used to mix and create all
other colors.
Secondary Colors: Orange, green, and purple, which are created by mixing two primary colors.
Tertiary Colors: Colors formed by mixing a primary color with a secondary color, such as red-
orange or yellow-green.

3. Describe the ff classification of colors.

A. Complementary Colors: Colors opposite each other on the color wheel, which create
strong contrast when used together (e.g., red and green, blue and orange).
B. Analogous Colors: Colors next to each other on the color wheel, which create
harmonious and calming effects (e.g., yellow, yellow-green, and green).
C. Neutral Colors: Colors like white, black, gray, and brown that are not on the color wheel
but are used to modify other colors and create balance.
D. Warm Colors: Colors like red, orange, and yellow that evoke warmth, energy, and
excitement.
Name: De Leon, Patricia A. Prof. Lita Sagun
BSMA 2B Art Appreciation

E. Cool Colors: Colors like blue, green, and purple that evoke calmness, relaxation, and
tranquility.

4. Symbolism and meaning of Primary Colors

Red: Symbolizes passion, energy, and excitement; can also represent danger or love.
Blue: Symbolizes calmness, stability, and tranquility; often associated with depth and trust.
Yellow: Symbolizes happiness, optimism, and energy; can also represent caution or creativity.

5. What are the different mediums in painting?

Oil: Uses pigments mixed with oils like linseed oil.
Watercolor: Uses transparent paints diluted with water.
Acrylic: Uses pigments suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion.
Gouache: Similar to watercolor but opaque and more matte in finish.

6. Classification of Painting Style

Realism: Depicts subjects realistically and accurately.
Impressionism: Emphasizes capturing the impression of a scene rather than its details.
Abstract: Uses shapes, colors, and forms to achieve its effect rather than depicting real objects.
Expressionism: Focuses on expressing emotional experience rather than physical reality.

7. Western Style of Painting

Western painting refers to artistic styles originating in Europe and later spreading to other parts
of the world. It encompasses various movements and styles influenced by cultural, historical,
and artistic developments in the Western world.
Name: De Leon, Patricia A. Prof. Lita Sagun
BSMA 2B Art Appreciation