Olga Vega

Speech 2 Outline: Artificial Intelligence

SPECIFIC PURPOSE:
My purpose is to inform listeners about Artificial Intelligence or AI emphasizing the various types, usage,
and ethical concerns related to its implementation in contemporary society.

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS:

A review of the audience reveals that it consists of 8 members between the ages of 18 and 60. A great
percentage of the members have directly or indirectly used Artificial Intelligence in their daily lives.
However, they don’t know the specific types and ethical concerns related to AI implementation. I will
maneuver the speech content by ensuring that it contains informative pieces about the technology.

I. INTRODUCTION

A. ATTENTION-GETTING DEVICE – The coming of the 21st century brought with it dynamic
technological changes with innovations propping up such as Artificial Intelligence.

B. ORIENTING MATERIAL - For most people, the phrase Artificial Intelligence means images of robots
or algorithms that work similarly to humans. Although this image relates to the concept, AI is
conceptualized as a computer system that can perform complex tasks that were previously relegated to
humans. This technology enables digital devices and computers to learn, evaluate, write, and analyze
information while simulating human intelligence processes.

C. THESIS and PREVIEW of the THREE *MAIN POINTS - Artificial Intelligence has grown to become a
critical cog in contemporary society with individuals and organizations using reactive machines, limited
memory machines, and general AI for various purposes amid ethical concerns about best practices and
management.

TRANSITION TO MAIN POINT #1 – Through Artificial Intelligence, society has turned into a new
age of machines imitating human intelligence thereby setting forth a foundation for numerous
opportunities to progress on real-world problems.

II. BODY OF SPEECH

A. MAIN POINT #1 - Before evaluating the various AI usage patterns, it is critical to identify the divergent
types of AI based on their capabilities, tasks, and methods of working.

1. Reactive machines:

a. According to Thongprasit and Wannapiroon, reactive machines comprise systems that are limited to
specific tasks. This means that they have no memory with their mode of operation involving generating
an output based on an input. Machine learning (ML) models have been propped up as reactive machines
considering that they use predefined data to deliver recommendations based on patterns.

b. A prime example of a reactive machine is a customer relationship management system. Using this
system, an organization can input customer information like their purchasing or search history. The AI
machine will then identify key trends and recommend marketing strategies for the company to enhance
purchasing decisions.

2. Limited memory machines:

a. Limited memory machines come intact with algorithms that replicate the thought patterns of human
beings. These algorithms evolve as more data is inputted into the system (Thongprasit and
Wannapiroon).

b. An example is deep learning which relies on image recognition and natural language processing. The
AI system investigates past trends and monitors situations over time. It then generates output based on
the present and conventional moment data while relying on its memory. For instance, self-driving cars
can monitor road conditions depending on previous drives or traffic. The car will then guide the driver on
when to accelerate or change their routes.

3. General AI:

a. General AI (GEN AI) represents evolved systems with capabilities that rival those of human beings.
Rather than act as a complementary technology, they are designed to replace humanity by undertaking
similar or extra tasks at low costs and high efficiency.

b. Obaid denotes that GEN AI is primed to attain cognitive adaptability and pliability. For example, a
customer service chatbot is created with the aim of replicating human representatives. It adapts to the
customer’s queries while using generalized approaches to offer recommendations and solve problems.

TRANSITION to MAIN POINT #2 - The three forms of AI have been embraced across various
contexts and settings to improve efficiency, productivity, and satisfaction.

B. MAIN POINT #2 - Thus far, individuals and organizations have embraced the idea of artificial
intelligence as a complementary or alternative option to conventional activities.

1. First, AI is implemented in e-commerce settings with the aim of providing personalized

recommendations to target markets:

a. E-commerce companies rely on AI to collect information on consumer preferences, tastes and values.
This information is then used to tailor their products or services and ensure satisfaction (Perifanis and
Kitsios).

b. Likewise, the firms rely on the technology to automate their marketing campaigns with GEN AI tools
being used for complex data analysis. The analytical functions and capabilities reduce resource wastage
while providing critical information.

2. Nonetheless, healthcare organizations and practitioners rely on these tools to formulate patients’
interventions:

a. Doctors and nurses input patient history and information in ML tools like clinical decision-making
systems. The systems predict the expected/probable outcomes related to specific interventions or
prescriptions. This ensures that the right medicine is offered while minimizing the risk of errors
(Davenport).

b. Needless to say, healthcare entities also utilize the innovations to improve patient engagement. This is
attained through targeted content and messaging alerts aimed at provoking action and enhancing
individual awareness of risky behaviors.

3. Consequently, we all rely on AI in our day-to-day activities even though most people do not realize it:
a. For instance, taxi booking apps use algorithms to predict demand and provide a definitive price for a
ride. They also optimize routes by using real-time traffic data and road closures to alleviate travel time
and improve satisfaction.

b. Voice assistants like Alexa also hinge on the technology to evaluate and decipher voice commands.
The commands act as inputs with the assistants leveraging vast databases to provide outputs related to
individual preferences.

TRANSITION TO MAIN POINT #3 – Every new technology has its own merits and demerits with
scholars raising concerns about AI ethicality in the fast-paced environment.

C. MAIN POINT #3 - Every new technology has its own merits and demerits with scholars raising
concerns about AI ethicality in the fast-paced environment.

1. A primary ethical issue undermining artificial intelligence is privacy and data protection.:

a. Stahl shows that most AI systems deviate from informational privacy guidelines as they require large
data sets for training purposes. Therefore, most customers and individuals are not aware that companies
are using their personal information to improve the system’s performance levels.

b. Nonetheless, the systems are susceptible to breaches that undermine individual privacy and
autonomy. They have the potential of re-identifying anonymized information and exposing individuals to
rights violations (Bankins and Formosa).

2. Second, the innovations can generate inscrutable and misguided evidence due to the fallibility of
information imbued in their datasets:

a. Most AI systems generate erroneous conclusions with human reliance on the technologies
undermining scrutiny and oversight.

b. The lack of proper oversight and evaluation inadvertently leads to misguided decisions and unfair
outcomes.

TRANSITION TO CLOSING – The ethical concerns around AI merit the introduction of guidelines
and best practices on how to use the technology.

III. CONCLUSION

A. Summary Statement: Overall, few technologies get the same amount of acclaim as artificial
intelligence. These systems are continuously being implemented across all facets of society with
reactive/limited memory machines and GEN AI improving productivity and efficiency levels.

B. Make it memorable: However, it is critical for policymakers to formulate rules pertaining to the
technologies with emphasis on data protection and privacy. Furthermore, individuals must be privy to the
nature of the systems and avoid over relying on them as they are susceptible to errors and misguided
output.
Work Cited:

Bankins, Sarah and Paul Formosa. "The Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) For Meaningful Work."

Journal of Business Ethics (2023): 725-740.

Davenport, Thomas. "The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare." Future Healthcare Journal (2019): 94-

98.

Obaid, Omar Ibrahim. "From Machine Learning to Artificial General Intelligence: A Roadmap and Implications."

Mesopotamian journal of Big Data (2023): 81-91.

Perifanis, Nikolaos-Alexandros and Fotis Kitsios. "Investigating the Influence of Artificial Intelligence on Business

Value in the Digital Era of Strategy: A Literature Review." Information (2023): 85.

Stahl, Bernd Carsten. "Ethical Issues of AI." Stahl, Bernd Carsten. Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future, An

Ecosystem Perspective on the Ethics of AI and Emerging Digital Technologies. 2021. 35-53.

Thongprasit, Junjiraporn and Panita Wannapiroon. "Framework of Artificial Intelligence Learning Platform for

Education ." International Education Studies (2022): 76-86.