DAYANG ALMIRA H.

MAULANA, RN

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 1 (100 POINTS)

1. In not less than 100 words, discuss what is artificial intelligence (AI) = 25points
Artificial intelligence, also called machine learning, is a kind of software system
based on neural networks, a technique that was pioneered decades ago but very recently
has blossomed thanks to powerful new computing resources. AI has enabled effective
voice and image recognition, as well as the ability to generate synthetic imagery and
speech.  It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially
intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to
understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that
are biologically observable.

2. Enumerate and discuss 5 different types of AI. (25 points)

Machine learning (ML): ML is a branch of AI that empowers computers to self-learn
from data and apply that learning without human intervention. When facing a situation in
which a solution is hidden in a large data set, machine learning is a go-to. “ML excels at
processing that data, extracting patterns from it in a fraction of the time a human would
take, and producing otherwise inaccessible insight.
Deep learning: Deep learning is a subset of machine learning, and machine learning is
a subset of AI, which is an umbrella term for any computer program that does
something smart. Deep learning uses so-called neural networks, which “learn from
processing the labeled data supplied during training, and uses this answer key to learn
what characteristics of the input are needed to construct the correct output,” according
to one explanation provided by deep AI. “Once a sufficient number of examples have
been processed, the neural network can begin to process new, unseen inputs and
successfully return accurate results.
Natural language processing (NLP): Natural language processing makes it possible
for humans to talk to machines.” It’s the branch of AI that enables computers to
understand, interpret, and manipulate human language. Natural language processing
makes it possible for computers to extract key words and phrases, understand the intent
of language, translate that to another language, or generate a response. 
Explainable AI (XAI): Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging area of
research in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). XAI can explain how AI obtained a
particular solution (e.g., classification or object detection) and can also answer other
"wh" questions. This explainability is not possible in traditional AI.
Computer vision: Computer vision is the “field of artificial intelligence that trains
computers to interpret and understand the visual world. Using digital images and deep
learning models, machines can accurately identify and classify objects – and then react
to what they ‘see.

3. Discuss 5 Advantages of Pursuing a graduate degree in AI (25points)

1. Artificial Intelligence Is Here to Stay
Businesses were already experimenting with intelligent systems before the COVID-19
pandemic. The pandemic accelerated AI’s expansion further and faster, cementing it as
a crucial business tool. And most organizations now use some artificial intelligence
technologies, though they may not realize just how intelligent those systems really are.
Moving forward, many industries will prioritize hires who can take internal and outward-
facing systems to the next level using AI-driven technologies such as computer vision
and natural language processing.
2. There are Computer Science and AI Opportunities in Most Fields
Organizations across industries regularly find new uses for intelligent systems. IBM
used computer vision to identify significant golf shots in the 2018 Masters Tournament,
automatically creating highlight reels for viewers. Uber is using AI to power self-driving
cars. Therapists and educators leverage social robots, hiring managers rely on AI to vet
applicants and retailers tap into machine learning to automate marketing and drive
customer engagement. Alexa and Google have become kitchen-counter mainstays in
many homes. And specialists with graduate-level artificial intelligence degrees are
conducting cutting-edge research that could eventually make
humans safer, smarter and more productive.
3. The Real-World Applications of an Artificial Intelligence Degree are Limitless
Most AI and automation specialists do not think of machine learning as a replacement
for human creativity or ingenuity. Instead, they look at intelligent systems as
optimization tools. Most executives believe that artificial intelligence will improve
collaboration between humans and computers. AI can take over menial tasks’ humans
tend to dislike, such as sifting through unstructured data or responding to redundant
customer service inquiries. Artificial intelligence can also perform tedious administrative
work, detect fraud, identify inefficiencies, read radiological scans and more. The Mayo
Clinic and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, for example, are exploring how
artificial intelligence programs can diagnose cancers early on, allowing for faster
treatment.
One of the most innovative subsets of artificial intelligence is deep learning, a branch of
machine learning that uses layered neural networks to analyze complex data sources.
Deep learning can create something as simple as an online board game, as responsive
as automatic speech recognition software or as complex as a drug toxicology prediction
program. The breakout company AtomNet developed a deep learning neural network
that could quickly analyze tens of thousands of compounds, helping healthcare
researchers discover and test new drugs faster. Deep neural networks can even identify
pieces of art and create new images in the same style.
4. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Is Expanding
For instance, we can virtually eliminate global poverty, massively reduce disease and
provide better education to almost everyone on the planet.”
Consider the potential of AI to address inequity: Roughly 759 million people globally,
largely in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, do not have access to reliable electricity.
This creates significant health challenges along with barriers to education and gender
equality. Artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning, can expand access to
clean, renewable energy sources worldwide while cutting operating costs and reducing
waste through methods such as smart metering. Smart grids monitor energy demand
and usage in real-time, providing data to electric companies while analyzing consumers’
usage patterns. These grids can respond to urgent electricity needs and, when paired
with neural networking, predict weather patterns and provide energy accordingly.
If you already have a grasp of computer science fundamentals – e.g., expertise in a
programming language like Python or experience in software development – studying
artificial intelligence in a graduate program is a surefire way to prepare to make a
broader societal impact. Southern Methodist University’s online MSCS-AI teaches the
skills you will need to develop AI programs that benefit humanity. The computer science
master’s curriculum encourages students to think about AI integration, technological
decision-making and human-computer interaction in the context of ethics and
sustainability.
5. Artificial Intelligence Skills Are in High Demand
Ninety-one percent of employers who see barriers to AI realization cite lack of access to
talent as a significant challenge. That is where artificial intelligence degree programs
come into play. The MSCS-AI curriculum provides students with highly specialized and
up-to-date skills that not only meet employer expectations in the present but are
adaptable as organizational needs change. Demand for AI skills has grown at
a staggering rate. While more than 80 percent of large, enterprise-level organizations
want to hire talent with machine learning, reinforcement learning and deep learning
skills, only 12 percent report that they can find workers who meet these qualifications.
More demand means more money on the table. One study found that AI skills carry a
wage premium of 11 percent within firms and five percent by job title. Companies with
the most job listings for AI specialists tend to offer higher salaries across positions.
Some companies are even creating new executive positions such as Chief AI Officer to
spearhead artificial intelligence implementation and drive AI strategy.

4. Discuss 5 challenges with AI in the Graduate Education

1.Developing a comprehensive view of public policy on AI for sustainable

development

The complexity of the technological conditions needed to advance in this field require
the alignment of multiple factors and institutions. Public policies have to work in
partnership at international and national levels to create an ecosystem of AI that serves
sustainable development.

2.Ensuring inclusion and equity for AI in education

The least developed countries are at risk of suffering new technological, economic and
social divides with the development of AI. Some main obstacles such as basic
technological infrastructure must be faced to establish the basic conditions for
implementing new strategies that take advantage of AI to improve learning.

3.Preparing teachers for an AI-powered education

Teachers must learn new digital skills to use AI in a pedagogical and meaningful way
and AI developers must learn how teachers work and create solutions that are
sustainable in real-life environments.

4.Developing quality and inclusive data systems

If the world is headed towards the datafication of education, the quality of data should
be the main chief concern. It´s essential to develop state capabilities to improve data
collection and systematization. AI developments should be an opportunity to increase
the importance of data in educational system management.

5.Enhancing research on AI in education

While it can be reasonably expected that research on AI in education will increase in the
coming years, it is nevertheless worth recalling the difficulties that the education sector
has had in taking stock of educational research in a significant way both for practice and
policy-making.