Machine Learning

&
Artificial Intelligence
What is Machine Learning ?
• Machine learning (ML) is a type of
artificial intelligence (AI) that allows
software applications to become more
accurate at predicting outcomes
without being explicitly programmed to
do so. Machine learning algorithm use
historical data as input to predict new
output values.
 Why is machine learning important?
Machine learning is important because it gives enterprises a
view of trends in customer behavior and business operational
patterns, as well as supports the development of new
products. Many of today's leading companies, such as
Facebook, Google and Uber, make machine learning a central
part of their operations. Machine learning has become a
significant competitive differentiator for many companies.
4 Types of Machine Learning
1. Supervised Learning
2. Unsupervised Learning
3. Semi-supervised learning
4. Reinforcement learning
 Supervised Learning
In this type of machine learning,
data scientists supply algorithms
with labeled training data and
define the variables they want the
algorithm to assess for correlations.
Both the input and the output of
the algorithm is specified.
Unsupervised Learning
This type of machine learning
involves algorithms that train
on unlabeled data. The
algorithm scans through data
sets looking for any meaningful
connection. The data that
algorithms train on as well as
the predictions or
recommendations they output
are predetermined.
Semi-Supervised Learning
Here the data used for training includes
a few desired outputs. This falls
between the supervised & unsupervised
learning discussed before. It uses both
labelled & unlabeled data. This is mostly
used in Speech recognitions, photo
tagging, etc.
 Reinforcement Learning
Data scientists typically use
reinforcement learning to teach a
machine to complete a multi-step
process for which there are clearly
defined rules. Data scientists program an
algorithm to complete a task and give it
positive or negative cues as it works out
how to complete a task. But for the most
part, the algorithm decides on its own
what steps to take along the way.
 ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES OF
MACHINE LEARNING
 Advantages of Machine Learning
1. Easily identifies trends and patterns
Machine Learning can review large volumes of data and discover specific trends
and patterns that would not be apparent to humans. For instance, for an e-
commerce website like Amazon, it serves to understand the browsing behaviors
and purchase histories of its users to help cater to the right products, deals, and
reminders relevant to them. It uses the results to reveal relevant advertisements to
them.
2. No human intervention needed (automation)
With ML, you don’t need to babysit your project every step of the way. Since it
means giving machines the ability to learn, it lets them make predictions and also
improve the algorithms on their own. A common example of this is anti-virus
softwares; they learn to filter new threats as they are recognized. ML is also good at
recognizing spam.
3. Continuous Improvement
As machine learning algorithms gain experience, they keep improving
in accuracy and efficiency. This lets them make better decisions. Say you
need to make a weather forecast model. As the amount of data you have
keeps growing, your algorithms learn to make more accurate predictions
faster.
4. Handling multi-dimensional and multi-variety data
Machine Learning algorithms are good at handling data that are
multi-dimensional and multi-variety, and they can do this in dynamic or
uncertain environments.
5. Wide Applications
You could be an e-tailer or a healthcare provider and make ML work
for you. Where it does apply, it holds the capability to help deliver a much
more personal experience to customers while also targeting the right
customers.
 Disadvantages of Machine Learning
1. Data Acquisition
Machine Learning requires massive data sets to train on, and these should be inclusive/unbiased,
and of good quality. There can also be times where they must wait for new data to be generated.
2. Time and Resources
Machine Learning needs enough time to let the algorithms learn and develop enough to fulfill
their purpose with a considerable amount of accuracy and relevancy. It also needs massive resources
to function. This can mean additional requirements of computer power for you.
3. Interpretation of Results
Another major challenge is the ability to accurately interpret results generated by the algorithms.
You must also carefully choose the algorithms for your purpose.
4. High error-susceptibility
  Machine Learning is autonomous but highly susceptible to errors. Suppose you train an algorithm
with data sets small enough to not be inclusive. You end up with biased predictions coming from a
biased training set. This leads to irrelevant advertisements being displayed to customers. In the case
of ML, such blunders can set off a chain of errors that can go undetected for long periods of time.
And when they do get noticed, it takes quite some time to recognize the source of the issue, and
even longer to correct it.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
the theory and development of computer systems able
to perform tasks that normally require human
intelligence, such as visual perception, speech
recognition, decision-making, and translation between
languages.
Why does AI matter ?
Artificial intelligence has long been a subject of
anticipation among both popular and scientific
culture, with the potential to transform businesses as
well as the relationship between people and
technology at large.
 7 Types of Artificial Intelligence

1. Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)

2. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
3. Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)
4. Reactive Machines
5. Limited Memory
6. Theory of Mind
7. Self-aware
What is Artificial Narrow Intelligence ?
Artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that tackles a
specific subset of tasks. ANI is often considered a “weak” form of AI. It pulls information
from a particular data set, and its programming is limited to performing a single task,
such as playing chess or crawling web pages for raw data. ANIs, like other AI systems, can
perform tasks in real-time despite not having any other functions outside their initial
programming.
What is Artificial General Intelligence ?
An Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) would be a machine capable of understanding
the world as well as any human, and with the same capacity to learn how to carry out a
huge range of tasks.  AGI is also called strong AI, full AI, or general intelligent action.
What is Artificial Super Intelligence ?
An Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) system would be able to surpass all human
capabilities. This would include decision making, taking rational decisions, and even
includes things like making better art and building emotional relationships.
Reactive Machines
Technology capable of responding to external stimuli in real time, but
unable to build a memory base and store information for future use.
Limited Memory
Machines that can store knowledge and use it to learn and train for
future tasks. 
Theory of Mind
The concept of AI that can sense and respond to human emotions as
well as perform the tasks of limited memory machines.
Self-aware 
The final stage of AI where machines can not only recognize the
emotions of others, but also have a sense of self and a human-level
intelligence.
 Advantages & Disadvantages of AI
Advantages of AI
1) Reduction in Human Error
2) Takes risks instead of Human
3) Available 24/7
4) Helping in Repetitive Job
5) Digital Assistance
6) Faster Decisions
7) Daily Applications
8) New Inventions
Disadvantages of AI
1) High Costs of Creation
2) Making Humans Lazy
3) Unemployment
4) No Emotion
5) Lacking Out of Box Thinking
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!