TAZRAWT Boufrouche Akkal

Tagduda tazzayrit tamagdayt taɣerfant
ta
Aɣlif n usedwel aɣelnaw
Asuddu aɣelnaw
elnaw n usileɣ
usile
n yinuwar n ugzum n usedwel
Lwurud wa lbanafseǧ – Blida
Aktay n taggara n usileɣ

n yimaswaḍen
yimaswa n tmaziɣtt n ulmud amenzu
Aktay n taggara n usileɣ
usile
n yimaswaden
yimaswa n tmaziɣtt n ulmud amenzu
S-ɣur imaswaḍen: S lmendad n Massaw:

- AKKAL Slimane - BELLIL Yahia
- BOUFROUCHE Ali - MAHNOUNE El Hocine
- HAROUN Ahmed
Aseggas n usileɣ
usile : 2018/2019
Asnemmer
- Tanemmirt tameqqrant i Mass BELLIL
Yehya i d-iyellan
iyellan i Lmendad n tezrawt
tezrawt-
nneɣ deg tazwara almi d taggara.
- Tanemmirt i Mass MAHNOUNE

Hocine ɣef yiwellihen i aɣ-d-yefka.
- Tanemmirt i yinemhalen i a ɣ-yeldin

yeldin
iɣerbazen ad nettemlili ad nesker
amahil.
- Tanemmirt i kra n win i d-yegren

yegren afus
afus-
is akken ad nesker tazrawt-a.
tazrawt
Abuddu
Ad buddeɣ leqdic-a i baba d gma Farid ad fell-asen yeɛfu Rebbi, i yemma ad
ibarek Rebbi di leɛmer-is, i tmeṭṭut-iw Yasmina, i tarwa-w: Milina d Farid, i
watmaten d tsetmatin, i yivulan
I yimaswaẓ
ven n tmazi$t: Ahmed, Ali, Arezki, Madani d Malika
I ugraw wis sin n yimaswaẓ
ven deg Blida
I yiselmaden-nneɣ deg tannant n usileɣ
I kra n win umi tella tmazi$t deg wul
Slimane
Abuddu
Ad buddeɣ leqdic-a :
I baba, ad fell-as yeεfu Rebbi i a$-iwellhen $er tmussni.
I yemma yeǧ
ğoolen meẓ
ééiyet, yennu$en d wuguren akken ad n$er.
ẓ
I gma ameqqran Lεarbi i yellan d tigejdit n uxxam ɣef i nettsennid.
I tmeẓ
îîut-iw taεzizt Lila-inu i yellan $er tuyat-iw di yal tagnit.
ẓ
I yessi :Alyssa,Delina, Dacine d Anya, tafatin n ddunit-iw.
I kra n win,tin yemmuten ne$ yeggujlen ne$ yeǧ
ğoolen $ef tmazi$t.
I yimaswaẓ
ven n tmaziɣt: Slimane, Ahmed, Arezki, Madani d Malika
I yiselmaden-nneɣ deg tannant n usileɣ
Σli Bufruc
Abuddu
Ad buddeɣ leqdic-a :
I Baba ad fell-as ad yeɛfu yerêem, xas akken gar wallen-nne$ t$abev maca deg
wulawen-nneɣ mazal-ik teddrev”.
I ugerruj n ddunit-iw, yemma taɛzizt iyi-d-yettaken tab$est d tezmert.
I tmeîîut-iw d warraw-iw: Yuba, Ferhat d Saɛid, ad iyi-ten-iêrez Rebbi
I watmaten-iw d weltma taɛzizt
I yiselmaden-nne$ deg tannant n usileɣ
I yimaswaven n tmaziɣt: Slimane, Ali, Arezki, Malika d Madani
Ahmed
AGBUR
Tazwert tamatut.................................................................................................... 8
AMUR AMENZU :TIẒRI D TESNARRAYT ................................................. 12
Tazwart : ............................................................................................................ 13
IXF 1: TINAKTAYIN ....................................................................................... 15
Tazwart : ............................................................................................................ 15
1.1.1 Tibadutin ................................................................................................... 16
1.1.1.1. Aslaḍ n yisefka...................................................................................... 16
1.1.1.2. Azalen .................................................................................................. 17
1.1.1.3. Ahil ..................................................................................................... 138
1.1.1.4. Adlisfus ................................................................................................ 20
1.1.1.5. Aḍris ..................................................................................................... 21
1.1.1.6. Tugna..................................................................................................... 22
1.1.1.7. Tafelwit ................................................................................................ 24
1.1.2. Tizrawin yezrin ....................................................................................... 24
1.1.2.1. Berra n tmurt ........................................................................................ 24
1.1.2.2. Deg tmurt n Lezzayer............................................................................ 25
1.1.3 Asesmel n wazalen ................................................................................... 27
1.1.3.1. Anawen n usesmel ................................................................................ 27
1.1.3.1.1. Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n ugbur ...................................................... 27
1.1.3.1.2. Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n tidmi ....................................................... 28
1.1.3.1.3. Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n umata ...................................................... 28
1.1.3.1.4. Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n ubani ...................................................... 29
1.1.3.1.5. Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n tigzi ........................................................ 29
1.1.3.1.6. Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n usentel .................................................... 29
1.1.3.1.7. Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n ubaɣur .................................................... 29
1.1.3.2. Asesmel n uɣlif n usedwel ................................................................... 30
Tagrayt .............................................................................................................. 31
IXF 02 : AGMAR N YISEFKA ....................................................................... 32
1.2.1. Amezruy n udlisfus aɣurbiz ..................................................................... 32
1.2.1.1. Imecwaren n uselmed n tmaziɣt .......................................................... 32
1.2.1.1.1. Amecwar amezwaru........................................................................... 32
1.2.1.1.2. Amecwar wis sin ............................................................................... 32
1.2.1.1.3. Amecwar wis kraḍ ............................................................................ 32
1.2.1.2. Aheyyi n wahilen d yidlisfusen ........................................................... 33
1.2.2. Asenked n uḥric unadi : adlisfus ............................................................. 34
1.2.2.1 Umlan ɣef udlisfus ................................................................................ 35
1.2.2.2 Iḥricen n udlisfus ................................................................................... 36
1.2.2.3 Agbur ..................................................................................................... 36
1.2.2.4.Tuddsa tamatut n yilmuden.................................................................... 37
1.2.2.4.1. Isenfaren............................................................................................. 37
1.2.2.4.2. Tigezmin ............................................................................................ 38
AMUR WIS SIN: TASLEḌT TASMEKTANT................................................ 40
Tazwart : ............................................................................................................ 41
IXF 01: AGMAR N WAZALEN....................................................................... 42
2.1.1. Asegzu n wallalen n uslaḍ ....................................................................... 42
2.1.1.1. Asegzu n wallalen n uslaḍ n wazalen deg yiḍrisen ............................. 42
2.1.1.2. Asegzu n wallalen n uslaḍ n wazalen deg tugniwin ............................ 43
2.1.2. Tifelwiyin n wazalen ............................................................................... 44
2.1.2.1. Tifelwiyin n wazalen yellan deg yiḍrisen n tɣuri d yisefra .................. 45
2.1.2.2. Tifelwiyin n wazalen yellan deg tugniwin............................................ 56
IXF 02: ASLAḍ N YISEFKA N TFELWIYIN ................................................ 60

2.2.1.Tafelwit n yiɣruden n wazalen deg yiḍrisen ............................................ 61
2.2.1.1. Tigejda d yifmiḍan ............................................................................... 62
2.2.1.2. Aslaḍ d yiwenniten ............................................................................... 63
2.2.2.Tafelwit n yiɣruden n wazalen deg tugniwin............................................ 64
2.2.3.Tafelwit n yiɣruden n wazalen deg yiḍrisen d tugniwin........................... 68
2.2.4. Tafelwit n yiɣruden d yifmiḍan n wazalen: iflalayen/wuffiren ............... 72
2.2.5. Tafelwit n yiɣruden n wazalen deg tugniwin ilmend n yiɣawasen ....... 74
2.2.5.2.Aslaḍ d yiwenniten ................................................................................ 75
Tagrayt tamatut .................................................................................................. 76
Adlismuɣ ........................................................................................................... 78
Tijenṭaḍ .............................................................................................................. 82
1. Amawal ......................................................................................................... 82
2. Ammud n yiḍrisen n udlisfus........................................................................ 87
Tazwert
tamatut
AMUR 01 : TIẒRI D TESNARRAYT Tazwart
Tazwert tamatut
Anfal, dayen yellan d imezgi deg tudert sumata. Anfal, yettili deg tmuɣli,
deg wallalen , deg yiswan… ur yeɛni ara kan amdan s yiman-is maca ula d timura
yuɣ-itent daɣen, ladɣa nitenti. Tamurt, ma tra kra n unfal d unefli d asegmi ay d
amenzu.
Lezzayer, seg tmura, yerran lwelha-s, tineggura-ya ɣer usegmi, tɛerreḍ ad
teddu d lmendad d wayen akk ay iḍerrun deg umaḍal, akken qqaren « Ddu neɣ
wexxer ». Anfal, tikwal yettimɣur, yettili d takennawt. D aya, i yeḍran deg tmurt-
nneɣ.
Timental n tkennawt n usedwel :
Ddeqs n tmental ay yeǧǧan tamurt-nneɣ ad tesseknew anagraw asdewlan,
ama d tigensayin, ama d tizɣarayin.
Tamendawt taɣelnawt :
Seg tmental tigensayin. Tamendawt tazzayrit 2016, d tamentilt tagejdant.
Deg usaḍuf uṭṭun 01-16, deg uzemz 06 meɣres 2016, aɣmis unsib uṭṭun 14 deg
uzemz 07 meɣres 2016, amagrad uṭṭun 4 yenna-d : «Tamaziɣt nettat daɣen d
tutlayt taɣelnawt d tunsibt. »
Tadamsa, d yiwet seg tmental nniḍen. Tadamsa tanemlayt, tetti ɣer tdamsa
n wulzuz. Asenfel ara d-yeglun s umaynut deg tudert n yal-ass n yizzayriyen.
Timental tizɣarayin :
Ma seg tmental tizɣarayin, mačči yiwet. Abeddel yella, deg taɣult n
usedwel deg tmura n umaḍal ladɣa tid n Yurup d Marikan d tmura n usammer
yenneflin. Rnu asmaḍal yexdem rray-is, yesdukkel kra tewwi lqaɛa, yessewzel
teɣzi d tuggugt, armi yewɛer ad yeṭṭef umdan deg uẓar-is d wanaw n tudert-is deg
tmurt-is, umag deg berra ur as-yettṣaḥ ara.
Anerni n tiknulujit, iḥettem-d kra n tarrayin, yerna-d taɣulin timaynutin ur
nelli yakan. Daymi timura la ttazzalent amek ara myizwirent ad myifent, tiyaḍ,
xersum ad qeḍɛent akka am tmurt-nneɣ.
8
Amaynut n tkennawt d wazalen tewwi:

Takennawt yeḍran deg unagraw asdewlan, ur teqqim ara deg wawal d
yineqqisen d temliliyin, tɛedda ɣer usnas.
Ahat, ad s-yini walebɛaḍ, d areqqeɛ, d asuref kan fell-as, fiḥel amaynut.
Maca tilawt tenna-d ayen-nniḍen. Yeḍra usenfel, yegla-d s umaynut. Amaynut-a,
beggnen-t-id akk warraten unṣiben yerzan asentel.
Asaḍuf n taɣda n usedwel aɣelnaw 08-04 , deg umagrad wis semmus,
yebder-d azalen i ilaq ad ten-neẓẓu deg unelmad d wayen i nettraju seg-s :
« aɣerbaz deg wannar n usedwel anmetti, s wassaɣen iǧehden d twacult, ad d-
yesker inelmaden ɣef uqader n wazalen imasɣanen, igitnanen d yiɣaranen n tmetti
tazzayrit d tmuɣli ɣer yilugan n tudert deg tmetti. »1
Yerna-d daɣen : « yewwi-d ɣef uɣerbaz ad yesker aya :
- Asegmi n yinelmaden ɣef wazalen n tiɣɣermi s uselmed-nsen, imenzayen n
teɣdemt d umgada n yiɣermanen deg yizerfan d walasen d leqder d twizi
way gar-asen.
- Asaki-nsen ɣef wazal n umahil i tudert yelhan, timmunent d usnefli n
tmurt.
- Asegmi iwatan yeddan d yizerfan n uqcic d yizerfan n umdan, d usnerni n
yidles n tugdut ɣer yinelmaden s wuẓẓu n yimenzayen n teywalt d uqbal n
rray n tuget, d usekcem n tekta n uwexxer ɣef tekriḍt d wusnuḥyu, d ufran
n ubrid n teywalt d umeslay n lɛali.
- Aselmed-nsen n tikli igerzen, nnqada d usaki-nsen akken ad ẓren, tilelli d
tmasit akken i teddun.
- Asileɣ n yiɣermanen, zemren i tekta, asnulfu d tmasit deg tudert tusligt,
taɣermant d twurant. »
1
Asaḍuf 08-04 deg wazemz n 23 deg yennayer 2008, i d-yeffɣen deg uɣmis unṣib uṭṭun 04, deg wazemz n 27 deg
yennayer 2008, amagrad : 04, asebter :09.
9
Azalen deg wahil n tmaziɣt

Azalen, ttwabedren-d daɣen deg wahil n tutlayt tamaziɣt. A-t-a usegzel n
wayen i d-yetturajun seg unelmad:
- Zzux s tmagit tazzayrit s wayen akk iɣef tebna.
- Ad iẓer tigejda n tezdi n Lezzayer meqqren, ad izux s umezruy-is d yidles-
ines.
- Ad iẓer, llant tmura, idelsan d tɣermiwin-nniḍen u ad tent-iqader.
- Tikci n uzal i umahil,
- Aḍfar n ubrid n teywalt, ad yeqbel amgirred
- Ad yekki s yirmad i usenfalli ɣef tixutert n tezdeg d yilugan n tdawsa
- Ad yekki s yirmad i useḥbiber ɣef twennaḍt
- Ad yesɛu tikta n tiwḍin n kra n yiswi azayez d tazzla fell-as.
Tixutert n usedwel ɣef wazalen :

Aɣerbaz atrar, yettnadi amek ara yebnu timmad n unelmad seg ttexmam-is,
ara t-yallen ad ibeddel tikli ad tt-iseggem.
Ɣef waya, aselmed n wazalen ɣur-s tixutert meqqren. Ɣas deg temẓi d aḥazi
ara ḥazen anelmad, maca, simmal ad yettimɣur, simmal ad teẓẓun teẓẓun deg-s
ilmend n wayen ara yemlil deg tudert-is n termitin.
Tixutert n tezrawt :
Deg tezrawt-a, ad neɣreḍ ad nẓer ziɣ tasmekta n wazalen, anaw-nsen, amek i
d-ttwaskecmen i wakken ad d-nessumer kra n rray ahat ara yekkin deg useggem n
udlisfus imi d imaswaḍen n tmaziɣt, ɣur-neɣ ddeqs n tarmit ara nenfeɛ yis-s
asedwel ɣas ulamma, s tekti neɣ s snat. Yal wa, ad d-iger afus-is,i usnefli n
uselmed n tmaziɣt.
Timental n ufran n usentel

Nefren asentel, tamenzut, ɣef tixutert-ines. Fiḥel ma nezzi deg wawal,
nemmeslay-d yakan ɣef tixutert n wazalen.
10
Tis snat, asentel-a, ad aɣ-yeǧǧ ad nesɛu tamuɣli lqayen, tussnant ɣef usentel ,
imi asedwel aɣelnaw yebna ahilen seg tama ɣef wazalen-a.
Tis kraḍet, mi ara nagem tamussni seg unadi-a amecṭuḥ, ad t-nesɛeddi i
yimeddukal-nneɣ iselmaden, ladɣa imaynuten, yuḥwaǧen awelleh d usileɣ.
Tis ukkuzet, Asuddu aɣelnaw n usileɣ n yinuwar n ugzum n usedwel
Lwurud wa lbanafseǧ – Blida, iɛewwel ad yesker yiwen n unadi ɣef unagraw n
wazalen deg yidlisfusen n tutlayin : tamaziɣt, taɛrabt d tefransist. Aya, yessebɣes-
aɣ ugar, ad nekki ula nekni deg umahil-a s tezrawt-a-nneɣ, ladɣa imi d tamenzut
deg usuddu.
Tamukrist
Seg wayen yezrin, iban-d amek yesɛa usentel-a, azal. Maca, ur iban ara ar
tura ma yella adlisfus n uswir wis ukkuz n ulmud amenzu, yekka-d akk ɣef
wanawen yemgaraden, i d-yettwabedren deg warraten unṣiben n usedwel neɣ ala ?
Akken nebɣa daɣen ad nẓer ma mnadan wanawen-a deg umḍan-nsen, yella
umeyyez deg useddu n wazalen, neɣ iḥricen myezwaren s waṭas, ur yelli kra n
tesleḍt i yezwaren ama deg ufran n yiḍrisen, ama deg wazalen ddmen ?
11
AMUR I:
TIẒRI D
TESNARRAYT
12
Tazwart
Yal tamurt tesɛa anagraw asinan (asdewlan) ines, yellan d: tasemlilit n kra
n yiferdisen isnanen, isertiyen, idamsanen, imettiyen n tamiwin, d temnaḍin, d
temḍalin yesɛan iswi d usnerni n yimdanen, d uheyyi-ines i tudert.
Anagraw asinan, asdewlan, ssaɣayent-d deg-s kra n tewtilin tigejdanin, gar-
asent:
- Tawtilt tadelsant-taɣermant.
- Tawtilt tasertit-tasnaktayt.
- Tiwtilin timaganin
Tawuri n unagraw asinan (asdewlan)

- Asnerni n timmadit n yinelmaden, d uheyyi-nsen i tudert.
- Almad n tmussnuwin timatutin, tussnanin, titiknulujiyen.
- Tiririt i usirem n uɣref i teɣdemt d wazalen.
- Askar n tsutwin ɣef leḥmala n tmurt.
- Uzẓu deg wid i d-yekkren, taɣdemt d tagda gar yiɣerman d yigduden, d
uheyyi-nsen i umennuɣ mgal timeẓla d temsirit.
- Tikci n usedwel yettalen (yettɛawanen) ɣef usegzi d tdukli gar yiɣerfan, d
useḥbiber ɣef talwit deg umḍal.
- Asedwel yeddan d yizerfan n umdan d tlelliyen tigejdanin.
Yal anagraw asinan, yettaddam-d tigejda-s d wazalen-is deg snat tamiwin:
Isuḍaf
Seg yisuḍaf i iɣef isenned usedwel, tamendawt d usaḍuf n taɣda n usedwel
aɣelnaw.
Tamendawt
Awalen d tefyar timezwura iseg tebda tezwart n tmendawt d wid I d-
yettmeslayen ɣef wazal unnig i yeḥwaj akk umdan, tilelli: “Aɣref azzayri d aɣref
13
ilelli, yeɣtes ad yeqqim d ilelli. Amezruy-is n wacḥal n yigiman n yiseggasen d

ssnesla n yimennuɣen yeǧǧan Lezzayer ad tili dima d akal n tlelli d ugemmir.” 2
Akken i tefka azal i tdukli, taɣerma d tmagit: “Lebɣi n uɣref d aḥuddu n
Lezzayer seg lfetna, takriḍt d tiḍḍurfa, s uleqqem n wazalen-is ibaḍniyen d
inɣermayen, n ummeslay, n ussemsuɣal d tegmat, aya s uqader n tmendawt d
yisuḍaf n tegduda.”3
Asaḍuf n taɣda n usedwel aɣelnaw4.
Seg timunent ɣer wass-a, Lezzayer tger asedwel n warraw-is gar wallen-is.
Tefka-as azal s umuken n yiberdan iwulmen almud d ssɛaya taɣelnawt i usnerni-
ines.
Asedwel
D aɣbalu wis sin, iseg d-yettagem unagraw n usedwel tigejda-s. aya,
yettban-d deg:
- Amselɣu amatu n wahilen5.
- Amnir asnaray n usbeddi n wahilen6
- Ahil n useggas wis ukuẓ n ulmud amenzu. 4LM
- Amnir n uselmad
- Adlisfus n useggas wis ukuẓ n ulmud amenzu. 4LM
Yal asedwel, yesɛa tamseɣlut, aɣbalu. Tin n wahilen n uɣerbaz azzayri,
tettwaru-d s telqey deg umselɣu amatu n wahilen.
2
Tamendawt, 2016, asebter 02,Tazwart, taseddart 01
3
Tamendawt, Win kan.
4
Loi d’orientation sur l’éducation nationale n° 08-04 du 23janvier 2008.
5
Référentiel général des programmes
6
Guide méthodologique d’élaboration des programmes
14
AMUR 01 : TIẒRI D TESNARRAYT Ixf 01 : Tinaktayin
Ixef 1: Tinaktayin
Tazwart
Seg 1962, tefka Lezzayer lǧehd-is i usnerni n usedwel. Anerni n umḍan n
yinelmaden d yiɣerbazen yemmal-d ayen. Rnu ɣer waya, Lezzayer tezdel ɣef
umenzay: Asmagdi n ulmud, d amaran.Txeddem s wayen tesɛa, akken ad taweḍ
ɣer yiswi-ya.
Abeddel yellan ama deg tmurt-nneɣ, ama deg umḍal, yessefk usmeskel n
uɣerbaz, imi d netta yesɛan azal ameqqran deg tmetti tazzayrit.
Nezmer ad nessegzel abeddel-a deg Lezzayer:
- Leddi d usget aserti, d ukeččum n wawal amiḍran”tugdudt” d wayen i d-
iẓuɣɣur n wazalen, tasurfa, tamasit d leddi ɣef umḍal.
- Abeddel n tsertit tadamsant, imi yuɣal d tilellit, twexxer i turza.Annect-a
yegla-d s tmuɣli tamaynut i uzzayri n uzekka.
Ilmend n ubeddel-a, aselway n tigduda ijerred deg wahil-is aseggem n
unegraw asinan. Ayen i d-yeffɣen deg ugraw gar yineɣlafen n 30 di yebrir 2002, i
iɛeddan deg useqqamu aɣelnaw aɣerfan, d useqqamu n uɣlan. Aya yella d adda i
ubeddel n tmuɣli.
Ad d-yas usenfar n usaḍuf aɣelnaw i usedwel s usekcem n useggem n
unegraw asinan imi win i d- yeffɣen yakan “35-76 n 16 yebrir 1976, yeǧǧa-t
wakud , ur iwulem ara i tegnit i deg tella Lezzayer.
Aslugen n useggem n usedwel d usileɣ iban yeḥwaǧ iberdan imaynuten i
uressi n tesbedditin (lsisan) n ugdud azzayri deg uɣerbaz.
Iswi agejdan, d aseǧhed n twuri n uɣerbaz deg uressi n tmasit; tamagit d
usdukel n ugdud. Ad ilin iẓuran-is d ulɣu n 01 n wenber 1954.
Deg usaḍuf-a, yedda-d deg umagrad wis 02: “Aɣerbaz azzayri, tawuri-ines,
d asileɣ n uɣerman yesɛan iseddagen iɣelnawen yurzen s tuzer ɣer wazalen n
15
ugdud azzayri ,i izemren ad yegzu amḍal i s-yezzin, yeddu yid-s, ad yekki deg-s.
Ad yizmir ad yeldi ɣef tɣermiwin timeɣradin”7
Tawuri n uɣerbaz deg usaḍuf-a: d tikkin deg wuẓẓu n tgensest n Lezzayer,
imi d tamurt tineslemt, d amur deg tmazɣa ( lmaɣrib ameqqran), d tamaziɣt, d
taɛrabt, d tagrakalt, d tafriqit.
Ilaq ad yeẓẓu rruḥ aɣelnaw deg yinelmaden –nneɣ , d usnerni n yiḥulfan n
tikkin deg Lezzayer.Ɣef uɣerbaz , ad yesnerni ,ad yessaki inelmaden ɣef tmagit I
ten-yesdukulen. Tamagit yebnanen ɣef: tineslemt, timuzɣa d tiɛɛurebt.
Tamezwarut, Lislam, d asɣan, d idles d tɣerma deg tiddukla n ugdud azzayri.
Tis snat, asnerni n uselmed n tutlayt taɛrabt, imi d tutlayt tunṣibt rnu ɣur-s d
tutlayt n usɣan. Tis kraḍet , asnerni n uselmed n tutlayt tamaziɣt, imi d tutlayt
tayemmat, d tutlayt tanaslit n ugdud azzayri, d aḥric agejdan deg tmagit n
Lezzayer: d tutlayt, d idles, d amezruy d tɣerma. Ad s-ttunefken wallalen, ad tt-
rren d tutlayt n tmussni d unadi.
1.1.1 TIBADUTIN
1.1.1.1 Aslaḍ n yisefka
Aslaḍ n yisefka d tagrumma n tarrayin tusnakanin swayes nezmer ad nefru
kra uferdis n uslaḍɣ
deg tfelwit. Iferdisen-a d agraw n yimeskilen .Llan s umata sin
n yigrawen n yimeskilen: imeskilen ismektanen, imeskilen iɣ
ɣaranen. Akken i
zemren ad ttwibḍɣ
un ɣ
ɣer yigrawen imeṭcɣḥ.8
aɣ
Iswi n uslaḍɣ
n yisefka, d asesfer n yisallen n tewsit: anwa iferdisen
igejdanen neɣ
ɣ isinawen, d acu i d assaɣen yellan gar yiferdisen-a d yimeskilen.
7
: « L’école algérienne a pour vocation de former un citoyen doté de repères nationaux incontestables,
profondément attaché aux valeurs du peuple algérien, capable de comprendre le monde qui l’entoure, de s’y
adapter et d’agir sur lui et en mesure de s’ouvrir sur la civilisation universelle»-La Loi d’Orientationn°08-04
du 23 janvier 2008 Chapitre I, art. 2.
8
https://www.jle.com/fr/revues/stv/e-
docs/les_differents_types_de_variables_leurs_representations_graphiques_et_parametres_descriptifs_287251/
article.phtml yettwazra ass n 04/04/2019
16
Igmaḍɣ
n uslaḍɣ
, ttmuddun tagnit i useɣ
ɣti, aseggem, usesfer neɣɣ
useǧhed d
usnerni n kra n tsudest.
“Aslaḍ n yikaturen sumata d tarrayt i usegzu s tidet n wayen ira yiwen ad d-
yini. Tikwal, d tinin n wayen ur d-yettwannan”9
1 .1 .1 .2 . Aza len
D acu i d azalen deg taɣulin yemgraden ?
Yattwasemres wawal –agi “azal” deg waṭas n taɣulin, yal taɣult tefka-as
anamek , ad d-nebder kra seg –sen, s yin ad nerr tidmi-neɣ ugar ɣer unamek i as-
yefka usedwel i wawal-a.
- Deg tdamsa: azal ɣur-s sin n yimunak , amezwaru d azal n ubaɣur; wis
sin, d azal n usemmeskel.
- Deg tusnakt: anamek n wazal icudd ɣer wacḥal mačči ɣer tɣara
- Deg tesnilest (tutlayt ): anamek n wazal icudd ɣer wazal n tutlayt , am
wazal n tseddast i d-yemmalen anamek n wawal d temlilt-is deg tefyirt.
- Deg tussna n tmetti: azal d taflest deg kra n tɣawsa belli tasɛa tazmert
akken ad tesserwu lebɣi n umdan, daɣen d ssifa n tɣawsa ara tt-yeǧǧen ɣur-
s tixutert ama ɣer umdan ama ɣer tmetti, tettili kan deg walleɣ n umdan
mačči deg tɣawsa-nni
- Deg tfelsaft: mgaraden yiɣerbazen n tfelseft deg tmuɣli –nsen ɣef wazal.
Ttwalin wat uxemmem amitali akken amdan ikemmlen yettawi-d azalen-is
deg umaḍal n yigenni, azalen-agi d imagdazen, nnekkmalen yerna n lebda.
Ma d at uxemmem ilaway, ttwalin azalen d izarafen itteg-iten
umdan deg tilawt ideg yettidir akked tirmitin yesɛa ɣef tɣawsiwin-a deg
kra n tegnit, ma d at ubaɣur, nnan-d ulac azalen igitnanen d imagdazen
maca d imassaɣen, ttektilin-ten s yibaɣuren-nsen.
9
Franck VIALLE, L’analyse de contenu, edition : BéaBa, 2015, p :11
17
Anamek n wazalen deg usedwel

Ggtent tbadutin n yinsedwalen i “wazal”. Llan wid i d-yennan azalen d
isefranen ad tzerfeḍ yis-sen ɣef tekta, imdanen, tiɣawsiwin, isental d wadduden
imanen neɣ n ugraw ma gerrzen ɣur-sen azal ,bɣan-ten medden neɣ diri-ten, ur
sɛin azal, ɣunzan-ten.
Azalen d tinaktayin neɣ d allalen neɣ d isefranen, banen neɣ ffren,
nessemras-iten i uzaraf ɣef kra ma bɣan-t medden, yerna ttwellihen tiddi n umdan
ɣer wayen tebɣa tmetti. (el caɛwan) 10
Azalen d agraw n yinagrawen igitnanen, n tiddi n umdan n wayen i d-ibanen
ɣer berra-s neɣ ayen yeffren ɣer daxel-is, ttekken-d seg ddin-is, taɣerma n tmetti-s
akked yidles n timmadit-is, rnu ɣur-s asedwel-is , d teflest n yiman-is d umaḍal.
( el ddahwi) 11
1.1.1.3. Ahil
D acu i d ahil ?
Akken i nezra aheyyi n yigburen n udlisfus yettili-d ilmend n wayen i d-
yettilin deg wahil, deg wayen yerzan tarrayt neɣ timussniwin, acku ahil d
win ilan azal d ameqqran deg uselmed d ulmad n tutlayin, acku d netta i
d-yemmalen abrid ara yeḍfer uselmad deg uselmed-ines.
Ma yella d adlisfus d yiwen wallal asensegmi, ihi yewwi-d ad yili usuffeɣ-
is yettedu ilmend n wahil i d-yettheyyi uɣlif n usegmi deg yal aswir u uselmed.
“Ahilen iɣurbizen ttilin ddima d agemuḍ n ukala d aɣezfan n usuffeɣ i
yeɛnan tira n yimyennan, assufeɣ-nsen yebna ɣef kraḍ n yimenzayen, :
Épitémologie, tasnarayt d tsensegmit. Ahil n uselmed, d asali anmezlan, d
tagruma n yiferdisen yuddsen deg unagraw, akk ahilen ara d-yettwassufɣen ilaq
ad bedden ɣef tenmezla ara ixedmen assaɣ akked yiswan n yigburen, d
tzemmar n yinelmaden,akked twezza n yiselmaden. 12
10
‫ ﻋﺑداﻟرﺣﻣن ﺑن ﻣﺣﻣد اﻟﺷﻌوان‬/ ‫ اﻟﻘﯾم وطرق ﺗدرﯾﺳﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟدراﺳﺎت اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬,https://jes.ksu.edu.sa/ar/node/3786,yettwazra ass n 22/03/2019
11
file:///C:/Users/admin/Downloads/4d0ef32997e19fccdeacce5d01fd5dec-original.pdf ,aseb:14,yettwazra ass n
04/04/2019
12
« Les programmes scolaires sont toujours les résultats d’un long processus d’élaboration d’écriture de
18
Deg lebni n wahilen yewwi-d ad nefk azal i yimenzayen i yeɛnan ahil md :

(ahil ad yettwabnu s tsufeɣ…
S wakka, ad negzu, ahil d win i yesɛan azal d ameqqran deg yal asenfar
deg uɣerbaz , d win i yebnan ɣef yilugan n tsensegmit akked tesnarrayt
Akken i d-nnan yimussnawen-a : BERNARD J M, A PAIRICK, N
NKEGNE d F ROBERT « Ahilen imaynuten iɣurbizen, ttwassasen-d am
umsiweḍ anammal n tɣara n usdwel, nezmer ad nexdem ahilen imaynuten
iɣurbizen deg umyeḍfer n wayen i d-yewwi unagraw n usegmi win yellan d
ukris d tarnist n tutlayt, daɣen assufeɣ n wahilen, yesselkim-d asemsawi n
usedger ; n yidlisfusen iɣurbizen, akked tsileɣt n yiselmaden »13
Deg wahil i nettaf igburen i ilaqen akken ad yili uselmed s wudem yelhan, d
ne tta i d-yemmalen tarrayin s wayes ara yili uselmed akken i d-yenna
RAYLAN F. d ARIEUNIER deg usegzawal asensegmi “Ahil d umuɣ n yigburen
i uselmed ideg nettaf tarrayt d unekmar iwulmen i uselmed-nsen”14
Ahil yettwassisen-d deg yiwen unnar d awesɛan, deg unagraw n
usedwel deg-s nettaf tizemmar uɣur nebɣa ad naweḍ, ma yella d aksad n
tmussniwin d tzemmar yettili s yirmad ara yexdem unelmad.
Ahil aɣurbiz yessegzay-d s wudem unsib amek i ilaq ad yili uselmed-almad
yesɛa azal d ameqqran imi ɣur-s i rran yegburen n uselmed
discution.Les trois principes fondateurs de tout programmes sont épistémologie, méthodologie et

pédagogique, un programme d’enseignement et une construction cohérente, un ensemble des éléments
organisés en système, tout programme à élaborer doit nécessairement s’appuyer sur une logique qui met en
relation des continus, les capacités des apprenants et les compétences de l’enseignent, la construction d’un
programme prend appuis sur le respect de principe de globalité (le programme construit par cycle…) »
GIRDAT. http://www.girdac.com/products/buy.htm
13
« les nouveaux programmes scolaire sont présentés comme un facteur déterminant de la qualité de
l’éducation, en peut mettre les nouveaux programmes scolaires à l’échelle d’un système éducatif se rêve le
très complexe, il s’agit d’une entreprise de langue, outre l’élaboration des programmes, elle implique une
planification des distributions des manuels scolaires, et de formation des enseignants »
BERNAND J M, N PAIRICK , N NKEGNE,F ROBERT, 2007, réformes des programm.es scolaires et
acquisition à l’écol , international review of éducation DOI
14
« Un programme est une liste de contenus à enseigner qui accompagne généralement d’instruction
méthodologique qui les justifient éventuellement donné la méthode ou l’approche la plus pertinente pour
enseigner »
RAYLAN F, d, A RIEUNIER,-1997, Pédagogie dictionnaire des concepts clés apprentissage formation,
phycologie cognitive, Paris ESF abs, 300
19
1.1.1.4. Adlisfus
Tabadut n udlisfus
“Adlisfus d awal i d-yekkan seg tlatinit (manus, la main), anamek-is “afus”,
deg tadra-s yettwasbadu-d am udlis i ilan talɣa wezzilen, deg-s ara naf
timusniwin tigejdanin i yeqqnen ɣer kra n taɣult.15 »
Asegzawal LE GRAND ROBERT DE LA LANGUE FRANCAISE
yesbadu-d adlisfus am: « adlis n tesnalmudt i d-yessissinen s talɣa i isehlen i
usemres, timiḍranintigejdanin n kra n tussna, n tewtilt, n tẓuri …, d tmusniwin i d-
mmalen wahilen iɣurbizen ≫16
Adlisfus yettfaras-it-id uɣlif n usegmi, yettili-d deg-s ugbur d temsirin
yuddsen.
Ilmend n yiswiren n yinelmaden, akken it-id-yesbadu usegzawal n tefransist:
« D adlis ntesnalmudt, i d-yettaken timiḍranin tigejdanin n yiwet n tussna, n
tfakust, ladɣatimusniwin i d-yexdem wahil aɣurbiz s talɣa fessusen » *17.
Adlisfus yettusemras deg tegnatin n uselmed d ulmad, yessexdam-it uselmad
d unelmad deg teɣzi n useggas aɣurbiz. D allal i yemmugen i wakken ad d-yerr
ɣef wahil, akken ad t-yebnu d timsirin ilmend n kra n taɣult, n tussna, imi yal
taɣult tesɛa adlisfus, anida i mgaradent telɣutin i d-yettunefken deg-s i yimeɣri, d
win yeṭṭfen amḍiq agensas gar wallalen n uselmed/almad, acku yis-s i tettifsus
tigawt tasensegmit.
Tiwuriwin n udlisfus
Akken i d-nnan F.M. GERRARD, X. ROEGIERS, tiwiriwin tigejdanin i
zemren adilint deg udlifus d ti:
15
Dictionnaire encyclopedique de l’education et de la formation, 1998, Nathan université, 2éme édition, Bertrand
Dreyfeuss, asb. 666.
*« Le manuel scolaire est un ouvrage didactique qui présente sous un format pratique, maniable, les notions
essentielles d’une science, d’une technique, d’un art …, les connaissances exigées par les programmes scolaires».
16
Le grand robert de la langue francaise, 2001, PARIS, Le Robert, asb. 1261.
17
* « Ouvrage didactique présentant, sous un format maniable, les notions essentielles d’une science, d’une
technique, et spécialement les connaissances exigées par les programmes scolaires »
1 ROBERT J.P., Dictionnaire alphabétique et analogique de la langue française, Millésime, asb 1530
20
- Tawuri n usiweḍ n tmussniwin.

- Tawuri n usnerni n yiketturen d tzemmar.
- Tawuri n ureṣṣi n ulmud.
- Tawuri n uskazal n ulmud.
- Tawuri n tallelt i useɣred n ulmud.
- Tawuri n temselɣut.
- Tawuri n usegmi anmetti d udelsan.18
1.1.1.5. Aḍris
Aḍris yeṭṭef amḍiq agejdan deg udlisfus acku yis-s i teẓẓun wazalen, fell-as
akk ibedden yirmad ama d tajerrumt, taseftit, amawal… Ɣef waya i nra ad d-nefk
tibadutin-is yemgaraden, akked twuri-s tidlesmettit.
Tabadut-is
Deg usegzawal n Le Petit Robert: « d amseḍfer n wawalen, n tefyar, i d-
ibennun aḍris neɣ adlis s timawit neɣ s tira»*19. Ihi, aḍris, d amseḍfer gar
wawalen d tefyar, akken daɣen i yezmer ad yili d amseḍfer gar tseddarin deg
timawit neɣ deg tira.
Aḍris d allal agejdan deg useddu n ukala n uselmed-almad, d win ilan
tixutert d tameqqrant, acku d netta i d aɣbalu ideg d-ttagment akk tirmad n
tegzemt. Ggten yinumak i d as-fkan i tmiḍrant n uḍris ilmend n taɣulin
yemgaraden ama d tasekla, tasnilest, tasnalmudt ...
SALHI M.A, yettwali: « Aḍris immal-d awalen yedduklen deg usentel,
yebna-ten win i ten-d-yennan, neɣ win i ten-d-yuran ilmend n wassaɣen n
tjerrumt d tmeẓla tanamkant i izemren ad ilin gar-asen »*20
ADAM J.M, yefka aṭas n tbadutin i uḍris mi d-yenna aḍris d: « D taɣessa
18
GERRARD F-M., X. ROEGIERS, 1993, Concevoir et evaluer des manuels scolaires, BRUXELLES: DE
BOECKWESMÄEL,
asb. 5.
19
Le Petit Robert de la langue Française, 2016, Paris, Sejer. asb 2545.
20
SALHI M.-A., 2012, Asegzawal ameẓẓyan n tsekla,Tizi-Ouzou, L’Odysée,asb. 14
« Un texte est une structure hiérarchique complexe comprenant séquences-éllipiques ou complètes-de
même type ou de types différents »
21
Yemɛawanen, d tuddist yesɛan aṭas n tgezmin yemmden neɣ ur nemmid ara n

yiwet n tsekka neɣ n tsekkiwin yemgaraden»21. Yerna-d ɣef waya « Aḍris d afaris
yedduklen ilan tanmeẓla d uẓeṭṭa, mačči kan d azrar n wawalen d tefyar…»22
Ihi, aḍris, mačči kan d azrar n wawalen d tefyar ta deffir ta, maca d aẓeṭṭa
yeddan d lmendad n yilugan yefflen akin i tjerrumt n tefyirt, yezmer ad yesɛu
yiwet n tsekka neɣ ad yezdi ugar n tsekkiwin yemgaraden.
1.1.1.6. Tugna
Tabadut n tugna23
Tugna d aferdis seg yiferdisen iziḍrisanen i yettwaseqdacen deg uselmed-
almad n tutlayin. Tasalelt-a tella deg udlisfus, imi tessegzay-d ugar aḍris. Ihi
tugna d tasalelt tasnalmudant i yesɛan tazrirt ɣef tegzi n uḍris i yinelmaden.
Tugna tesɛa aṭas n yinumak, ɣef waya ad d-naf aṭas n tbadutin i as-
yettunefken, gar-asent :
Deg usegzawal n tesnalmudt n tefransist: « tugna d tagensest»24, ihi tugna d
tagensest n kra n tɣawsa.
Deg usegzawal n Robert: « tugna d tagensest tanellayt yellan deg wallaɣ»25,
tugna ihi, d tin i d-yessenfalayen ayen ɣef wacu ttxemmimen yimdanen, tiktiwin-
nsen akked yiḥulfan-nsen.
Deg usegzawal n Larousse: « tugna d tagensest i d-yeskanen amdan neɣ
taɣawsa s tẓuri tudlift, tawellaft, asaru»*26. S wakka tugna d tin i d-yeskanen
imdanen,tiɣawsiwin, s wallalen yemgaraden ama d lkaɣeḍ neɣ d tiliẓri.
Ad d-naf daɣen, tugna tesɛa azal deg taɣulin yemgaraden, amedya, tugna
21
ADAM J. M., 1990, Elément de linguistique textuelle, Théorie et pratique de l’analyse textuelle, Liége,
Mardaga,Luxembourg, asb.91.
22
*« Le texte est un produit connexe, cohésif, cohérent (et non pas une juxtaposition aléatoire de mots,
phrases […] »
23
Tawuri n yiferdisen iziḍrisanen, n udlisfus n tmaziɣt: aswir amezwaru, aɣerbaz alemmas.Sɣur: AOULMI Lydia
AMROUNE Malika S lmendad n Mass: MEKSEM Zahir·
24
Quq Jean- Pierre, 2005, Dictionnaire de didactique de français langue étrangère et seconde, Paris, Sejer,asb 125.
*« l’image est la représentation mentale d’une perception où impression antérieure»
25
Le Robert, 2005, Dictionnaire de français, Paris, Sejer, asb 217.
*« Représentation d’un être ou d’une chose par les arts graphiques, la photographie, le film»
26
Larousse, 1997, Dictionnaire de français, Larousse-Bordas, asb 212.
22
yesseqdac-itt uselmad deg usegzi n temsirt-is tettɛawan anelmad deg usenfali ama
s timawit neɣ s tira. Rnu ɣer waya deg taɣult n tsekla, amdan mi ara d-iwali tugna,
yesnernay deg umeslay-is. Deg taɣult n tussniwin, tugna teskan-d i umdan tilawt.
Unuɣ
Unuɣ d yiwen seg wallalen imezwura n usenfali ɣer yimdanen seg zik,
dayen akken i d-yessuneɣ umdan s ufus-is ɣef kra n tɣawsa.
Aseqdec n wunuɣ deg udlisfus yella-d s waṭas, acku ijebbed-d tamawt n
yinelmaden, yessawaḍ-iten ɣer yizen n uḍris. S wunuɣ anelmad yezmer ad d-
yessenfali ayen yegza s timawit neɣ s tira. Sumata unuɣ d win yesnernayen deg
tzemmar n yinelmaden.
Asaru unniɣ
Asaru unniɣ d yiwen gar tsekkiwin n tugna, d ullis i yebnan s umseḍfer n
tugniwin yettwasunɣen, i yesɛan assaɣ gar-asent, iḥekku-d tadyant. « d tawsit n
wullis i yebnan s umseḍfer n tugniwin»27
Asaru unniɣ d allal i usnerni n tzemmar n tenfalit ɣer yinelmaden, yettili
sumata s tugna n wudmawen, sdat-s imeslayen-nsen, tugniwin-a ttemseḍfarent,
ssegzayent-d amek i tella tedyant-nni.
Azenziɣ
D yiwen gar tsekkiwin n tugna i yettɛawanen anelmad deg tegzi n yisallen,
rnu ɣer waya, yettɛawan-it deg ccfawat; talɣa n uzenziɣ tettili-d d tixxamin, yal
taxxamt teqqen ɣer tayeḍ, tettawi-d isallen ɣef uḍris.
Assaɣ gar tugna d uḍris
Tugna d uḍris d sin n yiferdisen igejdanen, sɛan assaɣ n umyesmed gar-asen.
Tugna tettɛawan anelmad deg tegzi n wayen yellan deg uḍris. Aḍris yeskan-d i
unelmad ma ayen i d-tessegza tugna yeqqen ɣur-s.
Tugna tessegzay-aɣ-d ayen i yellan deg uḍris war ma neɣra-t. Tettaǧǧa-yaɣ ad
nesɛu tikti tamatut ɣef uḍris, ad negzu ayen yellan deg uḍris.
27
«Bd est un genre narratif fondé sur succession de l’image»
BANDE DESSINEE .VOILA. NET (page consulté le 01avril 2019) Dictionnaire de bande dessinées
[en ligne] Adresse URL : http://www.lereveil.info/article-37007967.html
23
Ihi, tugna d uḍris wa yettkemmil i wa. Imi akken i d-yenna JOLY M: « awal d
tugna, am ṭabla d ukersi, i wakken ad teqqimeḍ ɣer ṭabla ilaq ad ilin i sin »*28
1.1.1.7 Tafelwit
Deg tsenselkimt, tafelwit (array s teglizit) d tamṣukt n yisefka i d-yemmalen
tagrumma n yiferdisen ara naweḍ s yimataren (uskinen).
D tamṣukt n yisefka, taddayt, i nettaf di yal tutlayt n usmihel .
1.1.2 TIZRAWIN YEZRIN

Amur ameqqran n tezrawin i d-nufa deg unadi, d tid n tmura n berra, lad$a
tid yuran yakan s tutlayt n taɛrabt. Ula deg tmurt-nne$, llant kra n
tezrawin, maca ula d nutenti maççi s tmazi$t i urant.Ur d-nufi ara
tizrawin $ef usentel “Aslav n wazalen” i yellan deg udlisfus n u$erbaz .
1.1.2.1 Berra n tmurt
Tazrawt tamezwarut:
Azalen isnedwalen deg udlis n tutlayt-iw tahuskayt aswir wis4,n
ulmud amezwaru.
Akatay n Magister n useggas asdawan 1432/1433 H , yegga-t
Xaled Ben Ɛalita Ben Saqir El ɛatabi, Tasdawit tineslemt El
Madina EL Munewara
Agzul n tezrawt-a:
Iswan n unadi
-Anadi $ef wazalen isnedwalen i d-yeddan deg udlis.
-Abeyyen n wazalen isnedwalen i ilaqen ad ilin deg udlis.
-Anwa azalen isnedwalen ixuûûen, ur d-llin ara deg udlis.
Igmaḍ n unadi:
-Ddan-d ûa n wanawen n wazalen.
28
*« mot et image, cˈest comme chaise et table! Si vous voulez mettre à table vous avez besoin des deux»
JOLY M., 2002, Introduction a lˈanalyse de lˈimage, Paris, Armand colin, asb 101.
24
-Llan akk wazalen isnedwalen deg udlis, maca ur ɛdilen ara.

-Ufraren-d wazalen igitnanen s wazal n (43.3ù ù ù % ) akked wazalen
imettiyen s wazal n (54.5%),ma d wiyiv ur ggten ara
Tazrawt tis snat :
Azwel-is : Azalen i yellan deg wahil amaynut n useggas wis krav n
ulmud alemmas, d tixutert i yefka wahil i wazalen-a
D aktay n tiwin n ugerdas n Magister deg yihalen d tarrayin n
uselmed deg usedwel ineslem, Tasdawit Um Qura, Agezdu n usedwel,
tamurt n SaƐudiya. Aseggas 1430/1431H .Sɣur Fayez Ben ƐebdLlah
Safir El Qurici.
Agzul n tezrawt:
Iswan n unadi:
-Tamusni n wazalen n tineslemt i yellan deg wahil amaynut n useggas
wis krav n ulmud alemmas.
- Tamusni n wazalen n tineslemt ilaqen ad d-ddun deg deg wahil
amaynut n useggas wis krav n ulmud alemmas.
-Abeyyen n lexûas n wazalen n tineslemt i yellan deg udlis.
-Tikci n kra n yiwellihen i usnerni n wazalen n tineslemt i
yinelmaden n useggas wis krav n ulmud alemmas deg tmurt n
SaƐudiya.
Igmaḍ n tezrawt:
Amnadi yufa belli ddan akk wazalen n tneslemt,ala kra deg-sen:
Ta$demt, smaê,amahil,tab$est.
Ibeyyen-d belli azalen n tneslemt i d-yeddan n wahil amaynut n
useggas wis krav n ulmud alemmas ur ṭṭuqqten ara.
1.1.2.2Deg tmurt n Lezzayer:

Tazrawt tamezwarut:
25
Azwel-is: Azalen isnedwalen i yellan deg tmucuha n udlis n

tutlayt n taɛrabt, aseggas wis semmus n ulmud amenzu.
D aktay n tiwin n Master deg tutlayt n taɛrabt d tsekla-ines. Tasdawit
n Bumerdas, aseggas asdawan: 2016/2017 s$ur Naɛima Bu$rara akked Samira
Twabi
Agzul n tezrawt-a:
Iswan n unadi
- Askan n wazalen isnedwalen i d-yeddan deg tmucuha i yellan deg
udlis n tutlayt n taɛrabt.
-Amek i llan wazalen-adeg udlis-a.
Igmaḍ n tezrawt
- ddan -d wazalen deg tmucuha s talɣa taflalayt.
-Llan akk wazalen(10) akken i ten-id-yebder”Ëmed Ɛli Kenɛan” deg
uslav-is i wazalen.
- azal amezwaru id-ibanen azalen imettiyen,rnan fell-as wazalen n
tmagit,syen d azalen igitanen.
-Azalen isnedwalen idawsanen, d wazalen n waddal,ur d-ddin ara s
waîas, xas akken azalen-agi d nutni i yettaooan aqcic ad yegmu
akken iwata.
Tazrawt tis snat :
Azalen isnedwalen i yellan deg yiḍrisen n tɣuri n udlis n tutlayt
n taɛrabt n useggas wis semmus n ulmud amenzu.
D akatay n tiwin n Master n useggas asdawan: 2016/2017
Tazrawt-a, tella-d s$ur tisdawanin : Muna Hadfi d Faṭima El Zahra
Maêmudi n tesdawit n Tbessa.
Agzul-is :
Iswan n unadi
- Acu iwumi fkan tixutert deg udlis-a , i tmussni neɣ iwazalen.
26
- Abeyyen n wayen i d-wwin wazalen-agi i unelmad.

- Ma ddan wazalen d leɛmer unelmad neɣ ala.
Igmaḍ n tezrawt:
Iḍrisen n udlis-agi n taɛrabt n useggas wis semmus n ulmud
amezwaru, ɣur-s aṭas n wazalen, am wakken di$en ddan akked
twennaḍt n unelmad .
D azalen imettiyen i yellan s waṭas deg udlis, ma d wiyaḍ
(idamsanen, wid n ddin …) mtawan.
1.1.3. ASESMEL N WAZALEN

1.1.3.1 Anawen n usesmel
Asesmel n wazalen ɣef taggayin, nudan fell-as ddeqs n yimussnawen n
tmetti. Inadiyen-a, ur sawḍen ara ɣer yiwen n usesmel, seg wakken yemgarad
wayen iɣer sennden fell-as .
ɣef waya, nwala ad d-nebder anawen n usesmel yellan ilmend n kra n tsekta:
agbur (tumayt), iswi, amata, abani...
1.1.3.1.1 Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n ugbur:
Yessasmel-itent Spranger , deg udlis-is “Types of men” (Taggayen n
yimdanen), ɣef sdis wanawen:
Azalen iẓranen:
Mmalen-d azal yettunefken i usnulfu d ubeggen n tillawin d tmussniwin
akken ad tent-yaweḍ umdan.
Imdanen ilan azalen-a, ttwassnen s tmuɣli tamussnwat, tuddsant. S umata,
ttilin d ihendazen, d ifaylasufen.
Azalen idamsanen:
Ssenfalayen-d ɣef wayen yerzan abaɣur, adrim, ssɛaya, amahil, tamguri d
ufares.
Atazalen-a, ttwassnen s usekkud amesnas. Sumata d wid ilan adrim.
27
Azalen isertiyen:
Ttaken azal i taggalt, aɣmar d umahil aserti.
Azalen ihuskayen:
Senfalayen-d amili ɣer wayen akk yellan d ahuskay deg talɣa, dag umnadi,
deg uwati.
At wazalen-a, ttbanen-d s tẓuri, asnulfu d waram n thuski.
Azalen imasɣanen:
Senfalayen-d ɣef unadi n umdan ɣef temsal n wasɣan d wayen yellan d
amitafiziki.
Azalen imettiyen
Senfalayen-d tayri n yimdanen, iseflan yettnufken fell-asen d tazzla i
usefreḥ-nsen.
At wazalen-a, ttwassnen s lḥerma umahil d leqdic ɣef wiyiḍ.
1.1.3.1.2 Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n tidmi:
Yessasmel Rokeach, deg udlis-is “Rokeach, M :The Nature of Human
Values” azalen ilmend n tidmi ɣef wazalen-allalen d wazalen-iswiyen.29
Azalen-allalen:
Azalen-a, d wid ttwalin yimdanen , d allalen i yiswiyen meqqren ugar am
wazalen tuzzmanin d tewzut.
Azalen-iswiyen:
D azalen, skaren yimdanen i yiman-nsen am wazalen udmawanen d
yimettiyen.
1.1.3.1.3 Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n umata:
Azalen imatayen:
D wid yeddan deg tmetti irkelli.
Azalen usligen:
‫ واﻗﻊ اﻟﻘﯾم ﻟدي اﻟﻣراھﻘﯾن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣؤﺳﺳﺔ اﻟﺗرﺑوﯾﺔ ﻣﺬﻛﺮة ﻣﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻨﯿﻞ ﺷﮭﺎدة اﻟﻤﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬،‫ﺳﮭﺎم ﺻوﻛو‬29
41 :‫ ص‬2009/2008 ‫ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﯿﺔ‬،‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻮري– ﻗﺴﻨﻄﺒﻨﺔ‬
28
D azalen yerzan kan kra n tegnatin timettiyin, n kra n temnaḍin neɣ n kra n
yigrawen imettiyen.
1.1.3.1.4 Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n ubani:

Azalen iflalayen:
Ttbanen-d deg wawal neɣ deg tikli.
Azalen uffiren:
D azalen i yettwagzan seg yifranen i d-yettalsen deg tikli n yimdanen.
1.1.3.1.5 Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n tizgi:

Azalen imiranen:
D wid ur yettɛeṭṭilen ara deg wakud, ur asen-ttaken ara azal deg tmetti.
Ttwassnen yis-sen yinuba.
Azalen imeɣlalen:
D azalen yettɣimin aṭas n wakud, jebbun i tsutwin, ddan ddeqs deg umezruy.
1.1.3.1.6 Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n usentel:

Deg taggayt-a, tamuɣli, tettuɣal ɣer yisental am wazalen n tɣawsiwin,
azalen n twennaḍt, azalen n talsa, azalen udmawanen, azalen isegten, azalen
imettiyen (tabɣest, taɣdemt, tilelli, tahuski...)
1.1.3.1.7 Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n ubaɣur:

Azalen, deg wanaw-a, sɛan assaɣ d ubaɣur ttafen wid i d-yettbanen yis-sen
Asesmel n wazalen ilmend n tsekta n ubaɣur, yusa-d s talɣa-a:
Taggayt n wazalen amedya
Azalen n ugama Tadawsa, tazmert..
Azalen idamsanen Afares
Azalen imettiyen assaɣen
Azalen isertiyen tilelli, taɣdemt
Azalen ihuskayen tahuski, amnadi
Azalen iwuranen asmures
Azalen iḥulfanen tayri
Azalen imasɣanen tayri n lxir, tezdeg n yiman
29
1.1.3.2. Asesmel n uɣlif n usedwel

Deg umnir asnaray n usbeddi n wahilen, ttwasemlen deg tfelwit-a:
Amnir asnaray n usbeddi n wahilen
- Asaki n yiḥulfan n tikkin ɣer tmurt-is Lezzayer d uɣlan.
- Ad ig udem, ad izux s tmagit tazzayrit, ad iqader izamulen-is.
Timmmadit
- Ad issegmu azalen igitnanen d wasɣanen30d yiɣermanen i d-

tazzayrit
yekkan seg tmagit tazzayrit.

- Ad izux s tutlayin-is tiɣelnawin,Tamaziɣt d teɛrabt.
- Ad yessali aḥulfu-ines n tikkin deg uɣlan ɣer uswir n tefrit
taɣelnawt.
- Ad yesseḥbiber ɣef yizamulen iɣelnawen. Ad yesten fell-asen.
Tafrit taɣelnawt
- Ad yawi tikli s wazalen n tmurt i icudden ɣer ttexmam n waɣlan.

- Ad yeṭṭef azalen imasɣanen d yiɣermanen n waɣlan.
Taɣult n wazalen
- Ad yamen s useḥbiber d ustan ɣef tddukli n uɣlan d tlisa n tmurt.

- Ad isejhed assaɣ d tgemmi taggagt, asnilsan d tsekla n uɣlan-is.
- Ad yaki s wazalen n wayen i ttwaxedmen deg tsekla d waggag, d
wayen I d-yefka I uɣlan d tgemmi tamḍalant.
- A yesɛu rruḥ n umɛiwen, tiwizi d umahil agrawan , d tidet deg

lecɣal d wiyeḍ.
Tiɣermi
- Ad yettikki deg tudert tadelsant n uɣaram neɣ n taddart.

- Ad yawi abrid n tmesliwt d uskasi.Ad iɣunzu timeẓla d tekrit31,
amek bɣun ilint.
- Ad yesnerni beqqu-ines i tmussni tidmit d tussnant.
Tulya ɣef umaḍal
- Ad yeldi ɣef tsekla n tamiwin d tmeɣradi (timḍalin).

- Ad yeqbel amgired .Ad yewwet ad yidir di talwit d wiyeḍ.
- Ad yettqadar idelsan d tɣermiwin n umḍal.
- Ad yeḥmel tay(ɣ)walt d ubeddel32 d wiyeḍ.
- Ad yelmed deg termitin n wiyeḍ, ayen ad t-yeǧǧen ad yegzu
imir-a, ad yebnu imal-is.
Asesmel n wazalen, yegget, yemgarad deg warrat ɣer wayeḍ, deg warraten n
usedwel aɣelnaw. Tikwal snat (02) n taggayin, am wayen yellan deg umselɣu
amatu n wahilen: azalen imaganen-iɣelnawen d wazalen imeɣraden
30
Religion
31
violence
32
Echange
30
Ukuẓ (04) am wayen yellan deg umnir asnaray n usbeddi n wahilen:

timmadit tazzayrit, tafrit taɣelnawt, tiɣermi, tulya ɣef umaḍal.
Sḍis (06) am wayen yellan deg warrat n udukkel n wahil33: amasɣan, agitnan,
anmetti-adelsan, aggag, amurnan, ahuskay.
D asesmel-a i nefren i umahil-nneɣ, i tesleḍt tasmektant d tɣarant, acku
asemlel i d ufrin, d amatu, d asdduklan, yeshel i usemres. Kra wazal yellan deg
udlisfus yesɛa adeg-is deg ufran. Nnig waya yettwafren deg warrat aneggaru
yessegzayen ahil. Fessus i usemres.
Tagrayt :
Akken i d-yettwabder yakan deg yixfawen yezrin, aṭas n wanawen n
usesmel yellan. Ɣas a win nefren nekkni deg tezrawt-a, d win iɣef tres tmuɣli n
usedwel aɣelnaw deg warrat n udukkel n wahil, yersen ɣef sdis wanawen:
amasɣan, agitnan, anmetti-adelsan, aggag, amurnan, ahuskay.
33
Document d’accompagnement au programme du cycle moyen 2016 P8
31
AMUR 01: TIẒRI D TESNARRAYT Ixf 02 : Agmar n yisefka
Ixf 02: Agmar n yisefka

Tazwart
Asekcem n tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ ɣer uɣerbaz, akken i d-nenna uqbel,
yella-d s uɣiwel, ar ass-a mazal yella lixsas deg wayen yerzan aselmed-is. Llant
tmental i d-yeglan s wannect-a, anda lixsas-a iḥuza akk iswiren, seg wayen yerzan
asuddes alamma d ayen yerzan aswir n tsertit, rnu ɣur-s aswir n tesnekta.
1.2.1. Amezruy n udlisfus aɣurbiz

1.2.1.1. Imecwaren n uselmed n tmaziɣt
Akken i d-yenna M.A. SALHI, aselmed n tmaziɣt deg uɣerbaz azzayri
iɛedda-d ɣef kraḍ n yimecwaren:
1.2.1.1.1 Amecwar amezwaru
Ibeddu seg unekcum aɣurbiz 1995/1996 armi d taggara n 1997, ayen yerzan
tuddsa, tulmisin n umecwar-a d lixsas i d-yellan deg yidlisfusen, asileɣ n
yiselmaden yeḍra s lemɣiwla; rnu ɣer-s abeddel deg tira (aɛeddi seg tira
tamɛemrit ɣer tira tumrist ilan anezzuɣ asnimeslan).
1.2.1.1.2 Amecwar wis sin
Ibeddu seg useggas n 1997/1998 ɣer taggara n useggas 2001, anda i d-iheyya
uɣlif n usedwel idlisfusen unṣiben, maca iselmaden ugin ad ten-sqedcen, annect-a
yegla-d: s uheyyi n yidlisfusen imaynuten sɣur yiselmaden-a, anda xussen
yiselmaden yesɛan agerdas deg taɣult (tutlayt d yidles amaziɣ) , deg umecwar-a
aselmed ires ɣef yiḍrisen i uselmed n tira.
1.2.1.1.3 Amecwar wis kraḍ
Ibeddu seg 2001 armi d ass-a, gar tulmisin n umecwar-a ad d-nebder: asufeɣ
n yidlisfusen imaynuten, tarusi d umwati deg wayen yerzan tira n tmaziɣt,
aseqdec n unekmar s tzemmar deg uselmed.34
34
SALHI M-A., «L’enseignement de tamazight entre la volonté de son élaboration et les facteurs de son
blocage», In L’aménagement de tamazight argumentaire : l’enseignemant de la langue Tamaziɣt en Algerie :
32
1.2.1. 2. Aheyyi n wahilen d yidlisfusen

Send ad tekcem tmaziɣt deg tsuddut tasensegmit, llan aṭas n wallalen
isensegmiyen yettusmersen i uselmed n tutlayt-a, allalen i yellan deg tallit-nni gar
yifassen n yiselmaden d wi:
 Mouloud MAMMERI, Tajerrumt n tmaziɣt, MASPERO, 1976.
 Groupe d’étude bérbére / [R. ACHAB], langue berbere, initiation a l’ecriture,
Imedyazen, 1979.
 R. ACHAB, Tira n tmaziɣt (tazrigt tamaynut), tafsut, 1990.
 Rnu ɣer waya timsirin n tjerrumt d tira, iselmaden smersen arraten unṣiben
am: tmucuha tinsayin, iḍrisen n tiraɣreft (éthnographique), tizlatin, tasekla
timawt taqburt d tsekla tatrart, tisuqilin…atg.
 Nezmer daɣen ad d-nebder kra n yidlisen iqburen i d-inejren abrid i uselmed n
tmaziɣt:
 BASSET Réne, Manuel de langue kabyle (dialecte zouaoua), maisonneuvre et
ch. Leclerc, Paris, 1887.
 BENSEDIRA Belkacem, Cours de langue kabyle (grammaire et version),
Adolphe Jordon, Alger, 1887.
 Si Amar Said Boulifa, Une premiere annee de langue kabyle (dialecte
zouaoua), Adolphe Jordon, Alger, 1897.
 Si Amar Said Boulifa, Cours de deuxieme annee, Adolphe Jordon, Alger,
1913.
 BASSET Andret, Crouset GEAN, Cours de berbere (parlers de kabylie),
Typo-litho et S. Carbonel, Alger, 1937.
 DALLET Jean-Marie, Soeur Luis de Vincennes, Initiation a la langue
berbere (kabylie) : volume I : Grammaire, FDB, Fort National, 1960.35
Mi tudef tmaziɣt ɣer unagraw usensegmi uɣelnaw deg useggas 1995/96, aṭas
n yiselmaden i yesqedcen isulal i d-nebder yakan, aɣlif n usegmi aɣelnaw (MEN)
Quelle strategie d’integration, 2éme colloque, Tipaza, 26-28 novembre 2007.

35
CNPLET, 2009, Lecture critique des programmes et des manuels scolaires de tamazight, Alger, asb.7-10.
33
deg useggas-a yessewjed-d yiwen n wahil deg-s ṣa n yisebtar i yettwellihen ɣer

tarrayt ara yeḍfer uselmad, azwel-is « Méthodologie proposée pour
l’enseignement de tamazight, troisiéme cycle de l’enseignement fondamental,
objectifs, contenus, orientations ».
Deg useggas 1997/98 yella-d udlisfus amezwaru sɣur Uɣlif n Usegmi
Aɣelnaw i lmendad n yiselmaden d yinelmaden, azwel-is (Lmed tamaziɣt), yebḍa
ɣef sin n yiḥricen (tomes), seg wass-nni almi d ass-a ffɣen-d kraḍ n yidlisfusen.
Adlis aneggaru, heyyan-t-id yiselmaden d yimaṣwaḍen n tmaziɣt i yellan d
iɛeggalen n Unagraw nYimuzzag n Tangayin (GSD).
Deg useggas 2003 tarbaɛt n yiselmaden i qeddcen deg (GSD)36, sekren ahilen
imaynuten, anda yal ahil n yal aswir yeṭṭafar-it warrat n useddu (document
d’accompagnement). Deg wahil-a: iswan, tizemmar, igburen n uselmed d
imaẓlayen.
Deg warrat n useddu, ttilin yiwellihen yerzan asemres n udlisfus, asegzi i
uselmad tarrayt ara yeḍfer deg tneɣrit. Iselmaden ttemlilen-d uguren deg usemres
n udlisfus, s umata uguren-a qqnen ɣer wahil
1.2.2. Asenked n uḥric unadi (Corpus):adlisfus
36
BELLIL Yahia, d aferdis deg ugraw-a
34
1.2.2.1. Umlan ɣef udlisfus

Adlis n unelmad, yettwaxdem-d i yiwen n uzayez mačči i sin. Neẓra, deg
usmil, zemren ad ilin yinelmaden yettutlayen tamaziɣt d wid ur tt-nettmeslay ara.
Imi d awezɣi ad yili yiwen n udlis i sin n yizuyaz-a yemgarden, tuwi-d ɣef
uselmad ad yessemyezg timsirin-is d uswir n yinelmaden, yerna ad yessemres «
tasnedwelt tamaẓlayt ».
D netta i d tamselɣut taxatart yettagan assaɣen isnedwalen gar uselmad d
unelmad, deg umuken n temsirin-ines akken ad beddent ɣef yiwellihen i d-yeddan
deg umalal-a agejdan.
Asaɣed amezwaru n udlis aɣurbiz, d asileɣ n uɣerman azzayri ara yizmiren
ad iqqamer inaẓaren n tesmeskelt n yihallen imaynuten yerna ad yeddu deg ubrid
n tatrara mebla ma yettu ansi i d-yefruri37.
Timsirin yettwaslemden deg tgezmin, ttilint d allal i unelmad akken ad
yissin amek ara yeddu (ara yidir) deg tmetti netta d yimdanen niḍen. Ilmuden
yettunefken i unelmad sɛan anamek d wassaɣ d wayen yettidir, deg tilawt : tudert
deg tumert gar yimdanen d uqadder-nsen.
Adlis yersen ɣef tgejda am ti, ad yefk tignatin i unelmad ad isebɣer
timussniwin-is, ad as-yeldi allen, akken ad yissin ad yesgedwi tizemmar s way-s
ara yessenerni tarmit- is.
Leqdic-nneɣ d win ara yilin ɣef uslaḍ n wazalen i yellan deg udlisfius n
tmazi$t aseggas wis ukkué n ulmud amenzu, ɣef waya nessasen-d adlis- a i
wakken ad d-nerr tamuɣli ɣer wayen yellan deg-sen.
D adlis, i d-yeff$en deg useggas a$urbiz 2017/2018 s$ur ONPS, s lmendad
n yimeskaren:
- Ɛli Lewnis, d amaswav n tmazi$t
- Nafeɛ Daêùman, d amaswav n tmazi$t
- Nabila Ëalit, d taselmadt n tmazi$t
37 Seg umnir n usemres n udlis n tmaziɣt
35
- Oamal Amirat, d aselmad n tmazi$t

- Zineddin Oabali, d aselmad n tmazi$t
1.2.2.2. Iḥricen n udlisfus

Adlis-a deg-s 382 n yisebtar, yebva $ef krav yiêricen:
Aêric n tlatinit: yesԑa 127 n yisebtar, 124 seg-sen d timsirin, ma yella d krav i
d-yegran d tafelwit deg-s asegzi n 68 wawalen n tmaziɣt s tefransist akked
taɛrabt.
Aêric n tifina$: yesԑa 127 n yisebtar, 124 seg-sen d timsirin, ma yella d krav i
d-yegran d tafelwit deg-s asegzi n 68 wawalen n tmaziɣt s tefransist akked
taɛrabt.
Aêric n taɛrabt: yesԑa 128 n yisebtar, 124 seg-sen d timsirin, ma yella d
ukkué i d-yegran d tafelwit deg-s asegzi n 68 wawalen n tmaziɣt s tefransist
akked taɛrabt.
yebda udlisfus-a s yiwet tezwert, anda i d-mmeslayen s umata ɣef wayen
yellan deg-s, tfukk s uwelleh-agi i yellan azalen d ameqqran “ S udlis-a, neb$a
ad tiliv d Azzayri n wass-a ara yummaren s tizzayrit-is yerna ad yeddu deg
ubrid n tatrara akked talsa.” 38
Adlisfus-a, ibedd ɣef ukkué n yisenfaren, yal asenfar yesɛa tigezmin.
1.2.2.3 Agbur :
D aḍris amsidaf wis sin n udlis ideg d-rran igburen n tgezmin d yisenfaren s
usenked n wayen akk ara iwali unelmad deg useggas. Bɣan ad d-ssegzun tuddsa n
yixfawen d tuṣka-nsen.
Mi ara ldin yinelmaden adlis- nsen, ad grun igburen d yisuɣad umasen iɣer
ara awḍen deg taggara n useggas aɣurbiz. D ay-agi ara yeǧǧen anelmad ad yefk
azal i udlis-is yerna ad iseḥbiber fell-as.
38
Tazwart n udlis n unelmad
36
1.2.2.4. Tuddsa tamatut n yilmuden

Bḍan yilmuden n useggas ɣef wukkuẓ n yisenfaren. Yal akradyur, ila deg-s
asenfar. Yal asenfar, yebḍa d tigezmin d yisalan ɣef useddu-nsen.
Tifelwiyin i d-gren deg-s, bḍan-tent d tikwatin ideg i d-nesken igburen- nsent :
iḍrisen, iferdisen n tutlayt d wanaw n uḍris (d yifarisen) ara d-farsen yinelmaden.
1.2.2.4.1. Isenfaren
Isenfaren ara yettwaxedmen ɣer taggara n tgezmin, d timeskra timeẓẓyanin
ara yessiwḍen inelmaden ad d-gen kra n ufaris neɣ n tɣawsa .
Asenfar amezwaru.
Yebḍa ɣef 3 n tgezmin.
- Ad d-snekdeɣ iman-iw (tira n uɣara d yisem) ;
- Ad d-snekdeɣ iman-iw (tira n uzemz d wadeg n tlalit) ;
- Ad d-snekdeɣ iman-iw (ad Saliɣ takarḍa-w taɣurbizt).
Tazmert tameddawt ara nesnerni deg usenfar-a, d ta :
Ɣer taggara n usenfar, ad yizmir unelmad ad d–yesker takarḍa taɣurbizt ideg
ara d-yerr isem-is, aɣara-s, azemz d wadeg n tlalit, d win n tmezduɣt akken ad d-
yeg netta d yimeddukkal-is takalast ara d-sseknen i yinelmaden n tneɣriyin niḍen.
Asenfar wis sin
- Ad d-snubegteɣ ɣer umulli-inu s yizen ameẓẓyan (SMS) ;
- Ad d-snubegteɣ ɣer usfugel n yennayer s « Internet » ;
- Ad d-snubegteɣ s tkarḍa ɣer tmeɣra n tikci n warrazen.
Ɣer taggara n usenfar, ad yizmir unelmad ad d–yaru iznan yemgarden i
usnubget (ama s SMS, ama s « Internet », ama s tkarḍa).
Asenfar wis kraḍ
- Ad d-lemdeɣ isillifen yelhan akken ad selfuɣ imdanen ɣef uḥareb n tdawsa ;
- Ad d-seḥbibreɣ ɣef tdawsas-w s ufran n tgelliwin yelhan ;
37
- Ad d-mleɣ tinufa n waddal i useḥbiber n tdawsa.

Ɣer taggara n usenfar, ad yizmir unelmad ad d-yesker tuḍfist i uselfu n
yimdanen ɣef uḥareb n tdawsa.
Asenfar wis ukkuẓ
- Ad d-alseɣ taneqqist,
- Ad d-alseɣ tamacahut.
Ɣer taggara n usenfar, ad yizmir unelmad ad d-yesker tadlist n
tneqqisin d tmucuha akken ad tt-isenked i yismilen niḍen n uɣerbaz.
1.2.2.4.2. Tigezmin
Tigezmin, deg-sent irmad yemxalafen; tawuri-nsen d asishel n ulmad n
tutlayt, akked ccfawat ɣef yisallen i d-yewwi deg-s. Irmad yellan deg udlisfus:
- tigzi d ufares s tmenna
- tigzi n tirawt
- amawal
- tajerrumt, taseftit, tirawalt
- izlan d yisefra
- irmad n tira
- asiteg n tegzemt
S udlis-a, nra ad nessiwev ad d- nbeyyen azalen yellan deg yivrisen n ufares
s tmenna d wid n tigzi n tirawt d yizlan d yisefra akked yivrisen n usiteg n
tegzemt.
38
Tafelwit n yivrisen i $ef ara tili teslevt
Asenfar Asenfar wis sin Asenfar Asenfar wis ukkuz

amezwaru wis krav
-Deg u$erbaz -Amulli-w sb40 -Aqraê n tu$mest -Nekk d setti sb
amaynut sb.10/11 -Amnafeq sb46 sb.70/71 103/104
tamezwarut
Tagzemt
-Favma n Sumer -I kemm a Tiziri -Tarda sb.72 -Itbir d tweîîuft

Sb.16 sb 48 -Tazzla n wussan sb.105
-Tameddurt-iw sb.77 -Affrux –nni sb.110
Sb.18 -Amuvin sb.79 -Amcic d ugvid
sb. 112
-Anelmad -Amenzu n Deg temseççit n -Siwel-iyi-d
amaynut sb19/20 yennayer sb .49 u$erbaz sb.80/81 tamacahut sb113
Tagzemt tis
-Favma n Sumer -Yennayer sb.55 -Tuççit yelhan -Mqidec bu

kravet
sb.25 - I kunwi a sb.82 lehmum sb. 114

-Belɛid At Aɛli yimawlan-iw -Targit d laé -Iv n ccetwa
sb.27 sb.57 sb.87 sb.119
-Left sb.89 - win yeccven
iwexxer sb.121
-Ferêe$ s -Tame$ra deg -Ëemmle$ addal
Tagzemt tis
u$erbaz-iw Sb.28 u$erbaz- sb 90/91

kravet
-Ass amezwaru nne$ sb.58 -Azal n waddal

mi $ri$ sb34 -zwi-tt rwi-tt sb92
-Mira deg Sb.64 -Tafsut sb.97
u$erbaz sb.36 -Asnubget sb.66 -Asuccef sb.99
39
Amur wis sin:
Tasleḍt tasmektant
40
AMUR 02 : TASLEḌT TASMEKTANT Tazwart
Tazwert
Nra deg tezrawt –agi nneɣ ad nesker tasleḍt tasmektant, ur nelhi ara aṭas s
tama n tesleḍt taɣarant I waṭas n tmental, ama d akud, d allalen, neɣ d iswi n
tezrawt-a s timmad-is.
ɣas akken, yella wanda id-nebder amek i d-usan wazalen, amek i d-
ttuskecmen, i izemren ad yili deg tama n tɣara.
Amur-a, deg-s sin yixfawwen. Mi ara d-nebder akk azalen deg tfelwiyin, ad
nuɣal ɣer tesleḍt-nsen deg yiḍrisen neɣ deg tugniwin.
41
AMUR 02 : TASLEḌT TASMEKTANT Ixf 01 : Agmar n wazalen
Ixef 1: Agmar n wazalen:

2.1.1. Asegzu n wallalen n uslaḍ
2.1.1.1. Asegzu n wallalen n uslaḍ n wazalen deg yiḍrisen
I wakken ad nesleḍ azalen yellan deg yiḍrisenn t, nsuk-d yiwet n tfelwit
yesɛan:
1-Aratak (tibeddit), nebḍa-tt ɣef 14 n texxamin, yesɛan kraḍet(03) n tudifin
tigejdanin. Tamezwarut d adeg n wazal, deg-s 04 n texxamin: asenfar, tagzemt,
asebter, aḍris. Tis snat, d azal, deg-s 03 n texxamin: azal, d uffir, d aflalay. Tis
kraḍet, d anaw n wazal, deg-s 06 n texxamin: amasɣan, anmetti, aggag, amurnan,
ahuskay d ugitnan.
2-Aglawi (tinegnit), nerra-d deg-s yiwet n tudift. Nessers deg-s azwel n uḍris
ittwaselḍen.
Tarrayt n umahil:
Amahil-nneɣ, iḥuza kan iḍrisen d ysefra i yellan deg udlisfus, ur iḥuza ara
iḍrisen n yiluɣma, d tukkisin yettwasmersen i usegzi n yiferdisen n tutlayt, neɣ
asiteg n tegzemt. Nesleḍ 24 n yiḍrisen d 11n yisefra.
Asenfar amenzu deg udlisfus, yebda seg usebter(09). Ayen yellan akk send
asebter-a, d asenked n wayen yellan deg udlis. Amahil- nneɣ yebda seg
usebter(11) acku din i yella uḍris amenzu”deg uɣerbaz-iw amaynut”. Syin anadi-
nneɣ, yedda, asebter, asebter. Anida yella uḍris neɣ usefru, nesleḍ-it. Alammi d
asebter 121. Nesleḍ 35 gar yiḍrisen d yisefra.(24 n yiḍrisen d 11 n yisefra).
Nennuda ɣef wazal, nekkes-it-id, d aflalay i yella neɣ d uffir
Asekcem n wazalen s ubrid usrid aflalay

Deg uḍris: Tarda(asebter72), i d-yura, Racid ɛellic. Azalen, i yebɣa ad
yeẓẓu, d iflalayen, banen-d d usriden : Ruḥ sired ifassen-ik, ruḥ sired iḍarren-ik ,
ruh sired tuɣmas-ik. Yemmal azal n tezdeg n tfekka.
D asendeh, d tanaḍt, ad yettwaddam imir, ad yettwagzu, syin ad nnadi ɣef
yiswi.
42
2.1.1.2. Asegzu n wallal n uslaḍ n wazalen deg tugniwin

Akken ad negmer azalen yellan deg tugniwin i d-nefren, nebna-d yiwet n
tfelwit swayes nesleḍ tugniwin.
Artak (ibeddi), nebḍa-tt ɣef 15 n texxamin, i yesɛan kraḍet(03) n tudifin
tigejdanin. Tamezwarut; d adeg n wazal, deg-s 04 n texxamin: asenfar, tagzemt,
asebter, d uṭṭun n tugna. Tis snat d azal, deg-s 04 n texxamin: azal, adeg-is deg
uɣawas amezwaru , aɣawas alemmas, aɣawas udfir. Tis kraḍet d anaw n wazal,
deg-s 06 n texxamin: amasɣan, anmetti, aggag, amurnan, ahuskay, agitnan.
Aglawi(tinegnit), nerra-d deg-s yiwet n tudift. Uṭṭun n tugna deg usebter.
Tarrayt n umahil:
Amahil-nneɣ, iḥuza tugniwin kan, imi drus n tewlafin i yellan. Tid yellan
ur d-sbanayent ara kra n wazal, ur nezmir ara ad tent-id-nebder.
Aslaḍ n tugna yebḍa ɣef (06) n yiḥricen. Aslaḍ yezmer ad iḥaz: akatar,
tafat, tiɣmi, tiɣmert n teẓri, talqayt d tsuddest. Nekkni, nerfed kan akatar: aɣawas
amezwaru, aɣawas alemmas d uɣawas udfir.
Aɣawas amezwaru, d win yellan deg tazwara n tugna, yeqreb ɣer sdat, d
win i d agejdan. Alemmas, d win iwexren cwiṭ, iɣum-it kra ur yesɛi ara azal am
umezwaru. Udfir d win yeggugen, yezga-d d aneggaru, d asinaw deg twuri.
Nebda aslaḍ seg usebter 10 alammi d asebter 119.
Nesleḍ 65n tugniwin. Nennuda ɣef wazalen deg uɣawas amezwaru n tugna
neɣ deg ulemmas neɣ deg udfir. Nekkes-iten-id ama d iflalayen neɣ d uffiren.
Asekcem n wazalen s tugniwin: amedya
Tugna: Lezzayer asbter 39
Azal amatu aflalay, yemmal-aɣ-id: Tazzayrit, taddukli, tisutwin, tutlayin,
tagmat.
Deg uɣawas amezwaru: ttbanent- id: tigelliwin tiqburin, timaynutin,
mmalent-d asayen n yal tamnaḍt. Seksu, iniɣman, tayni, ungulen n temnaḍin,
ungulen imaynuten. Tabuɣert n wučči azzayri
43
Deg uɣawas wis sin: Izzayriyen akken ma llan, d acebḥan, d arras neɣ d
aberkan. Yemmal-d taddukli n ugdud azzayri. Iselsa yellan deg yal tamnaḍt:
Lfuḍa, timeḥremt, aẓref, lǧebba, tacacit, aɛlaw,astaw n yimucaɣ. Temmal
ansayen n yal tamnaḍt. Acmumeḥ-nsen, d azal agejdan yemmalen tumert, d
usirem.
Deg uɣawas udfir: Temmal akal n tmurt, temɣer-is d tdukkli-ines.
Adrar deg ugafa, s taydiwin; tizdayin n tneẓruft d yiɣerman n Tɣerdayt; idurar n
Uheggar.
Tugna s umata teskanay-d: Taddukli, tagmat, tibuɣert n yidles azzayri.
2.1.2. Tifelwiyin n wazalen
44
2.1.2.1 Tafelwit n wazalen yellan deg yiḍrisen n tɣuri d yisefra
Anaw-is
Asefar
Tagzemt
Asebter
Azal aflalay
Azal uffir
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
Aḍris Azal
Deg uɣerbaz- X - Azul a mass ! Azul a mmi ! Ansuf yis-k …, Tanemmirt, a X X X

11 iw amaynut mass. (lehdaqa, asegmi, tifuɛrert)
X - Kemm i d asalas (azal n tmeṭṭut tazzayrit) X X X
Asefru : aɣalad n lherma (nnif, asegmi)
Faḍma n X - lhiba d tissas (azbu, tiɣariwin n urgaz) X X X
16 Sumer X - Ṭṭrad ad as-nebges (tabɣest) X X X
(1) X - Aɛdaw ma yekcem-aɣ agens d acu n lherma i d-yeggran. X X X
(tayri n tmurt, nnif)
X - luleɣ-d deg useggas 1912 (tamhersa) X
01
X - amerḍil (awitay amaziɣ, tafellaht, akal) X X
01
X - aqcic amenzu (tamasit, ccyaxa, ccan) X X
Tameddurt-iw X - setti tettharab fell-i (azal n uqcic, ladɣa ma d amenzu) X X X
18 X - lqabla n taddart (ulac ssbitarat) X
X - tizidanin i s-d-ttaken sya u sya. (ulac tadrimt, lexlas d X X
tirezfin) tigullelt n ugdud)
X - Azul a tarwa. (assaɣen igerzen, amawal n usiẒi, n X X X
Anelmad ushemmel, n twacult mehsub) X
02 20 amaynut X - Ass-a yusa-d unelmad amaynut. (amagger, aselɣu) X
X - Ass n mraw d sin deg yennayer. ( Ixef n useggas ɣer X
Yimaziɣen)
45
Asefar Anaw-is
Tagzemt
Asebter
Azal aflalay
Azal uffirt
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
Aḍris Azal
Asefru : X - Ur nqebbel imnekcam (amennuɣ ɣef tmurt , tilelli) X X

Faḍma n X - Isem-is iterrex-it leqlam (ccfawa, amezruy, tajmilt) X X
25 Sumer X - S yidim akked lbarud (iseflan) X X
(2) X - Ṭṭayfa n umaziɣ ( aẓar, assaɣ d tutlayt taɛrabt) X X X X
X - Am tmes i tesselqac (ẓewren, ṭṭurcen) X X
02 X - Belɛid At Σli, At Mangellat (isem n twacult ɣer Leqbayel, X X
isem n lɛerc)
27 Belɛid At Σli X - Aẓru, Micli, Sig (inig) X X
X - Yemma-s, d taselmadt n tefransist (teɣra, seg twacult X X
yefkan tilelli i tmeṭṭut
X - Tafunast n Yigujilen (tigemmi) X X
01 X - Aɣerbaz-inek (assaɣ iǧehden d uɣerbaz) X X
X - Yelha aṭas (leḥmala n uɣerbaz) X X
29 Ferḥeɣ s X - Alug, amru, takfaft, tanesramt… (amawal amaynut deg X
uɣerbaz-iw tutlayt tamaziɣt)
X - Akken i d-yecmumeḥ, ferḥeɣ(taywalt, aḥulfu lɛali, asebɣes) X X
03 X - ugiɣ ad ttuɣ...ɣas zerrin yiseggasen (tayri n uɣerbaz, X X
aktayen lɛali)
34 Ass amezwaru X - Ass n ugeffur d wagu (tagnawt n ugafa) X
mi ɣriɣ X - Gan-iyi-d taberkukest i wakken ad tefti tmussni (ansayen, X X
tuččit n tmurt, asebɣes ɣer leqraya)
X - Arun-iyi-d taḥerzet (ansayen, nniyya) X X X
46
Asefar Anaw-is
Tagzemt
Asebter
Azal aflalay
Azal uffirt
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
Aḍris Azal
X - Yemma tcebbeḥ-iyi am teslit (azal n uɣerbaz d wudem n X X X

twacult ɣer berra)
Ass amezwaru X - Ad issineɣ tarumit (d tafransist kan ay lemmden, d X X
34 mi ɣriɣ tamhersa)
X - Ad d-sɣareɣ tibratin X X
X - Ahh .. mi d-ffɣeɣ tameddit ulac win ara iyi-d-yawin (tilawt: X
01 03 tudert deg lḥers d tigullelt)
X - Mira (isem amaziɣ, azzayri) X X
X - Wanag taqcict d lɛar (taruẓi n usalu) X
Mira deg X - Amek armi teqqar teqcict? (agdal n tmetti n leqraya n X
36 uɣerbaz teqcict)
X - Nettat tecɣel kan d tɣuri-ines (taflest d tuṭṭfa deg yiswi, X X
azbu)
X - Azul a baba! Azul a mmi! (leḥdaqa) X X
X - Aselmad yefka-iyi-d arraz mi d-ufrareɣ... (asebɣes) X X
X - Ula d nekk uwiɣ-ak-d asefk. (asebɣes ɣef leqraya ama deg X X X
uɣerbaz ama deg uxxam)
02 01 41 Amulli-w X - Ah! D tilifun. (taywalt) X X
X - Ad d-snubegteɣ (tanumi n usnubget d tirza gar yimeddukal X X
X - Amulli-inu (ansay agraɣlan) X
X - Ass n 20 yebrir ( tafsut n Yimaziɣen) X X
X - S tumert ara n-aseɣ (aqbal n tinnubga d wassaɣen igerzen) X
47
Asefar Anaw-is
Tagzemt
Asebter
Azal aflalay
Azal uffirt
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
Aḍris Azal
X
- Ttaznen medden leḍyur (allal n uselɣ aqbur , tigemmi) X
X
- Nekk ay uzneɣ d itbiren (azamul n talwit) X X
X
- Di taddart ideflawen (agafa , idurar, tamurt n Leqbayel) X X
X
- Llah llah (tinneslemt, taɛrabt) X X
X
- D warraw imaziɣen (timmuzɣa) X
X
- Σlay a tazdayt ɛlay ekk-d s nnig leḥwari (taneẓruft, tewzel X X
n yixxamen imir-nni)
X - Sslam siweḍ-as-t i yemma (azal n tyemmat d lḥenna ɣur-s) X X X
X - Ini-as di lḥebs yegguni (d ameḥbus ) X X X
X - D gma i yi-d-issenzen (tiyita n daxel, lexdeɛ, yir tagmat, X
02 01 46 Amnafeq tiyita ɣer uzagur)
X - Ma ad truḍ fell-as neɣ fell-i (temɣer d uqraḥ n usnuzu X X
tegda aqraḥ d uɣilif ɣef mmi-s yellan deg lḥebs, iseɣ, tasa ur
tesmenyifi ara gar tarwa-s)
X - I win yessenzen gma-s d acu n rrbeḥ i yuwi ( lexdeɣ ur X X X
yesɛi ara abaɣur)
X - Aɛdaw ur das-tt-ittalas (ur t-terri ara tmara ad yessenz, d X X X
ddɣel)
X - Amen-iyi (lemgillat, tinneslemt) X X
X - Ma ur d-iyi-ičči rrsas (gar yifassen n ucengu) X
48
Anaw-is
Asefar
Tagzemt
Asebter
Azal aflalay
Azal uffirt
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
Aḍris Azal
X - Yettasmen seg gma-s ( tismin gar watmaten i tettili, “tiṭ n X X X

46 uzger s atemmun”)
X - Tura rrbeḥ deffir-i ( lḥeqq yettban-d yettuɣal i bab-is, X X X X
irebbeḥ lxir ɣer taggara)
01 X - snubegteɣ-kem-id (tamasit “initiative” n uqcic seg temẓi seg X X
48 I kemm a 10 n yiseggasen)
Tiziri X - ɣef tis 11 n tnezzayt (azal n wakud) X X
X - ameddakel-im (assaɣen igerzen gar yinelmaden) X X
02 50 Amenzu n X - Yennayer ( awitay, ansay) X
Yennayer X - Ad yejjuǧǧeg ugar yis-m. (tiẓedt n wawal) X X X
02 X - Kečč d bab n yiger (tafellaḥt, yennayer yettawi ɣer ssaba, X

aman)
55 A yennayer X -Eǧǧ amkan i furar (teɣzi n wuḍan, uguren n tudert,tigullelt) X
X - Anda yedda Rebbi yella ( tinneslemt) X
X - Yelli-twen i ken-yejjmen (tuggugt, lɣerba) X X
X - Tameɣra n tikci n warrazen (asebɣes d uḍfar n ulmud n X X
Tameɣra n yinelmaden, azal meqqren i yrttunefken i leqraya)
03 59 tikci n X - Acu ara d-nheyyi a mass anemhal? (tikkin n yinelmaden X
warrazen deg leqdic aɣurbiz)
X - Takerḍa n usnubget (tuddsan igerzen i tmeɣra) X
49
Anaw-is
Asefar
Tagzemt
Asebter
Azal
Azal uffirt
Amasɣ
Anmett
Aggag
Amurn
Ahusk
Agitna
Aḍris Azal
X - leɛmum, xwal, iḍulan...di tmeɣra ( timlilit n tasa d way X X

turew, ass n tumert)
X - A bu ubeckiḍ ɣef tuyat (azal n lfuci ɣer Leqbayel) X X
X - Slalwent lxalat (aqirri n lxalat s tirrugza, asebɣes) X X X X
X - Ad tezlez tegnit (igerrez uqesser) X
X - Wtet ay inebgawen (aceqqer d azamul n waddud d tumert i X X
bab n tmeɣra)
X - Txus tiqit n lqahwa (tikci n lqahwa deg uqesser imi X
ttɛawazen, ttɛṭṭilen deg yiḍ).
X - timɣarin d teslatin , tinuḍin d tlewsatin (timlilit n tlawin X X X
yettnaɣen yakan)
02 03 64 Zwi-tt, rwi-tt X - ayyur, itran flalin (ssfa, anebdu, tamuɣli yelhan) X X
X - kemm a yemma-s n wuzyin (ccbaḥa n yisli) X X
X - d tameɣra n mmi-m, iɣef teqqneḍ abzim ( d tagnit n X X
tyemmat i tumert s mmi-s)
X - Ttu akk ccḥani-im (d tagnit n usuref : yessemlalay wass n X X
lferḥ)
X - Ers-d a wletma-s , sker-d tizzyiwin-im... (d tagnit i d- X X X
sebganent tullas iman-nsent s yiselsa d ccbuḥ ad jewjent)
X - Deg wawal akken ad yeqqim (tamuɣli n medden ɣur-s azal: X
lqis d medden mačči d lqis, anadi ɣef cciɛa, isem, zzux)
X - lferḥ ard yali wass (aɛeṭṭel n wurar. Lḥers n tudert n yimir X
yettaǧǧa-ten ttfarasen tignatin n tumert
50
Anaw-is
Asefar
Tagzemt
Asebter
Azal aflalay
Azal uffirt
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
Aḍris Azal
X - I kemm a Tinhinan (azan n tebratin gar warrac) X X X

X -Lmulud Ferɛun (lmulud: isem ineslem, Ferɛun: isem n X
twacult ar tedbelt n Fransa-tawacult n At Ceɛban)
X - tameɣra n taggara n ukraḍyur wis sin (d tagnit n tumert s X X
tikci n warrazen: azal yettunefken i leqraya).
I kemm a X - 15 meɣres(d ass ideg yenɣa OAS Mulud Ferɛun deg X
65 Tinhinan useggas 1962. Asmekti n yimeɣrasen d wid iruhen d asfel ɣef
X tmurt) X X
- Tamezgunt n Muḥya (isem n umeɣnas ameqqran Muḥya
X Σebdellah. ) azal yettunefken i tẓuri, ladɣa amezgun) X X
- Leqdic d yirmad yettilin deg uɣerbaz. Isefra, ccna, ccḍeḥ
02 03 X (Irmad yemgaraden .) X X
- Ameddakkel-im Yuba (assaɣ s leqder gar warrac d tarracin)
X - Aɣerbaz Muḥemmed Dib (isem azzayri, amaru, azal n tira) X X X
X - Ad yessenmer inelmaden (asebɣes ɣef leqraya) X X
X - Tamsikent n yimuhal n yinelmaden (leqdic n yinelmaden X X
deg uɣerbaz)
66 Asnubget X - amsudeɣ n tqendurt d ubernus n Leqbayel (iselsa iqburen X X X
yemmalen tigemmi, asebɣes ɣef tlusi n yiselsa-a)
X - Iḍebbalen ( asekfel n wansayen) X
X - Ccna, tamezgunt sɣur inelmaden (aswir yelhan n X
yinelmaden)
51
Anaw-is
Asefar
Tagzemt
Asebter
Azal aflalay
Azal uffirt
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
Aḍris Azal
03 01 70 Amsujji X - sired.tu$mas-ik(tezdeg) X X X
(adiwenni) X - tesne$sev deg téidanin (Aseêbiber $ef tu$mas d ccbaḥa- X
nsent)
03 01 72 Tarda X - Ruê sired ifassen-ik,ruê sired ivarren-ik, ruê sired tu$mas-ik X

(Tezdeg n tfekka , Awelleh n yimawlan $er tezdeg)
03 01 77 Tazzla n X - Ne$fel $ef tazzla n wussan(Azal n wussan deg tegnatin X X X

wussan yettidir umdan, asirem)
X - Deg ubrid-is $er yiéekwan(tamettant) X X X

X - Asmi yu$al d ameqqran,yeb$a ad yeddu d X
yilmeéyen(Afares deg tudert uqbel ad ifat lêal)
X - Ay aqcic a bu tevsa,êader ad k-t$ur teméi(Teméi tettufaras, X X X
azal n tudert)
X - Ma d tin ara tesɛddiv,ad ak-ternu cwiî deg leɛmer(Amdan X X

tewwi-d fell-as ad yidir teméi-s,ad-tt-ifares)
79 Amuvin X - Asmi meééi d ameɛlal,yerwa lehlak(ssber) X
52
Asefar Anaw-is
Tagzemt
Asebter
Azal aflalay
Azal uffirt
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
Aḍris Azal
Tinufa n X - Lhan i gemmu n tfekka(Tazmert,sehha ) X

80 yisegza d X - Ilaq d wigi ara ntett, imi ttêaraben $ef tdawsa(Aêareb $ef X X
yigumma tdawsa)
X - I wakken ur tettavnev tewwi-d ad tettbeddilev anaw n X
tgelwin-ik(aseêbiber $ef tfekka s Tuççit yelhan)
X - Ilaq ad tettettev ukkuéet n tiram deg wass(Aqader n tiram n X
82 Tuççit yelhan wuççi)
X - Yal ass eçç s leqniɛa(leqniɛa) X
X - Ttêadar iman-ik $ef wuççi i deg tegget tisent d X
tadunt(Aseêbiber $ef tfekka seg waîîanen
03 02
X - A mmi ur tesɛiv ay ççi$ seg yidmaren ad ak-t-id-fke$(Laé d X X
lêif n zik , ssber)
X - Ad neɛnni ad nerou yiwen(Taflest, tuîîfa deg Rebbi) X
X - Imi ddunit tettezzi, i uzekka anwa i yeéran ( asirem) X X
87 Targit d laé X X - Nella nezzi-d I lkanun, nettawi-d timucuha, akken laé X X
medden ad t-ttun( Tadukli-ssber)
X - Nu$al nbeddel tikli, nettu wid leɛmer rwan, imi ddunit X X X
tettezzi, i uzekka anwa yeéran (Win yerwan, êader ad k-i$ur
zzman)
53
Asefar Anaw-is
Tagzemt
Asebter
Azal aflalay
Azal uffirt
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
Aḍris Azal
Lfet X - Deg wussan imezwura n êertadem(Tasemhuyt n ukraz) X

X - Ad ff$en $er tùmizar, ad tent-kerzen, ad tent-kebbsen, ad X X
02 89 tent-zerɛen(Aêraz n tferka, l$ella, axeddim n wakal)
X - Left d berbukes, d ayen ttêemmilen aîas Leqbayel(Anaw n X
wuççi aqbur, ansayen)
Tinufa n X - Addal $ur-s aîas n tnufa(Lfayda d tnufa n waddal $ef tfekka X X X
90 waddal n umdan)
X - Ëemmle$ ad xedme$ addal, lad$a mi ara yilin yimeddukkal- X X X
92 Azal n iw(Leêmala n waddal-Tadukli)
waddal X - Zgi$ nnecraêe$;anezgum uroin t-ssine$(Tumert) X X
X - Tafekka tbedd am têerbunt, d tuntimt(cbaêa n tfekka) X X X
03 03 X - Juoougen yiêerqan, rnan cbaêa i tudrin(Cbaêa) X
97 Tafsut X - Ameksa iheyya aɛwin, yebda abrid s ucewwiq(Tumert) X X
X - Yya ad nruê ad d-nezdem, ad nawi tikli n yizem(Tab$est) X X
X - Lbaz ibennu lɛecc-is i tninna d warraw-is(Tadukli-Leêmala) X X X
X - Arrac tullas deg lexla, tayri tezde$ ulawen( Tagmat- X X X X
Leêmala)
X - Lɛumm, d addal.Yettêarab aîas $ef tdawsa, yettarra tafekka X X X
99 Asucef d tuntimt, d tudwist, yettqerriɛ $ef waîîanen(Tadawsa-ccbaêa
n tfekka)
X - S lmendad n usla$may ara a$-ittwellihen, ara a$-yemmalen X
iberdan d yilugan ilaqen(Aqader n yilugan-iwellihen)
54
Anaw-is
Asefar
Tagzemt
Asebter
Azal aflalay
Azal uffirt
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
Aḍris Azal
105 Itbir d X -Teɣad-it (Iḥulfan s wiyeḍ) X X X

tweṭṭuft X -Yeṭṭef aẓemẓum...tɛelleq-d deg-s . (Tallelt) X X X
X -Tkerrec-it deg uḍar. ( Tabɣest) X X
110 Afrux-nni- X -Ad k-d-awiɣ (Tallelt) X X
inu
112 Amcic d X -Yufa-d amek ara isellek iman-is ( Tiḥerci, tabɣest) X X
ugḍiḍ X -D win yessiriden ifassen-is. (tezdeg) X X
X -Deg telwit ur yettɛici (Talwit) X X
04 01 114 Mqidec bu- X Temmut yemma (Tiḥerci ) X
lehmum
119 Iḍ n ccetwa X -Yemma,baba, jeddi (Tadukli) X X X
X -Yemma tedla ɣef leqrar ( Cceḥḥa d udmas) X
X -Iḍ-agi, d iḍ usehher (Tadukli,zeddi) X X
X -A tamɣart degger I uydi iɣes X X X X
121 Win yeccḍen, X -Neẓra, neffer (Taflest) X X X X
iwexxer X -Win yeccḍen, iwexxer (Tidet ) X X X
X -Rebbi iɛeffu, iɣeffer (Asuref) X X
55
2.1.2.2 Tafelwit n wazalen yellan deg tugniwin
Anaw-is
Asenfar
Tagzemt
Asebter
A$awas uzwir
A$awas LMS
A$awas udfir
Uṭṭun n
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
tugna Azal
10 1-6 X - Akenyal -6 tikkal- (tumat, tadukkli) X X X

11 X - Isem n u$erbaz s tmazi$t (tamazi$t d tunsibt, aéar, tumat) X X
- Tamrilt tameqqrant deg u$erbaz (azal d uqader n wakud) X X X
01 X - Iselsa: abernus (lhiba n urgaz, leɛnaya) X X X
16 01 X - Amrig (azbu, amennu$, tilelli) X X X X
X - Taḥerrazt taqburt , tamegḥelt (tallit umnekcam afransi 1850) X X X X
01-02 X - Acmumeḥ (leḥmala) X X X X X
19 X - Initen n yiselsa deg u$erbaz: azegzaw i warrac, axuxi i X
tarracin (idles agraɣlan , tuddsa deg u$erbaz)
01 02 03-05 X - Acmumeḥ n tselmadt (laman, amager yelhan) X X X X X X
20 01-03 X - Aseklu deg ubaraz n uɣerbaz (aseḥbiber ɣef twennaḍt) X X X X X X
- Idurar zegzawen (agafa) X
X - Tiɣerɣert n ubaraz d tilemt (tezdeg) X X X X X X
01-02 X - Tira n yisem n u$erbaz s kravet n tutlayin: tamazi$t, taɛrabt d X X X X
tefransist (tizzayrit d tigreɣlent )
03 28 X - Tanelmadt tetturar (izerfan n warrac, asegmi ibnan $ef X X X X
tmussni, ɣef tfekka d tiklisant)
03-05 X - Ababat yettmeslay i mmi-s anelmad ( taywalt, aḍfar n tarwa ) X X X X
56
Anaw-is
Asenfar
Tagzemt
Asebter
A$awas uzwir
A$awas LMS
A$awas udfir
Uṭṭun n
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
tugna Azal
X - Adrar, tiniri, agama (tem$er n Lezzayer) X X

X - Iselsa: lfuva, timeḥremt, aéref, loebba, taksiwt, tacacit, aɛlaw, X X X
astaw (tuççit, ansayen d yiselsa yemgaraden deg Lezzayer,
idles aba$ur n tmurt)
X - Seksu yeççur d isufar (asfillet i lxir d tawant) X
X - Ini$man d téidanin (asemlili gar uqbur d umaynut: tuṭṭfa deg X
uéar d tikli d umiran)
X - cmumḥen akkit (tagnit n tumert; asirem) X X
39 01 X - arrac, tarracin; tullas, irgazen; ilmeéyen tilmeéyin (timetti X X
akken tella)
02 - sa 07 n tlawin, semmus 05 n yirgazen (ansayen, teṭṭef-iten X
ugar tmeṭṭut)
- I$rem n ta$erdayt (Iméabiyen) X X
- Adrar n uheggar (Imuca$) X X
- Axxam i$ummen s udfel agafa n tmurt n Lezzayer) X
X - Ababat d mmi-s cmumḥen (assaɣen yelhan deg twacult X X X X X

X - Ababat yeqqen ssaɛa (azal n wakud) X X
40 01-02 X - Amemmit, yettaru (leqraya) X X X
X - Ijeǧǧigen (tizzegzewt d udlag) X X X
X - Asfaylu s ccac (axxam amiran) X X
57
Anaw-is
Asenfar
Tagzemt
Asebter
A$awas uzwir
A$awas LMS
A$awas udfir
Uṭṭun n
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
tugna Azal
X - Aqcic d teqcict, ttemsawalen s usawal (asssaɣen igerzen X X X X

40 03 yebnan ɣef leqder gar yinelmaden)
X - Initen n yisawalen (azegzaw i warrac, axuxi i tarracin : lqis X
01 agraɣlan)
X - Amzur icudd d aqerdun (ansayen) X X
X - Agaṭu ubrin : tarte d ucaciw aɣezzfan n lkaɣeḍ (asfugel n X X
41 02 umulli , ansay ajenṭaḍ)
X - Tilin n yimeddukkal (tiririt ɣef leɛraḍa, tagnit n tumert) X X
02 X - Tiqcicin ɣer yiselkimen s tmezgatin (taywalt s uselkim : X X
internet, allalen atraren)
02 49 01-03 X - Timezgatin (aqader n wiyaḍ, ur swaɣayen ara, lbaḍna daɣen) X X X
X - Asluɣmu, seg temẓi ɣef wallalen itiknuluǧiyen imaynuten) X
01-02 X - Anemhal d yinelmaden cmumḥen (anemhal, yessen amek ara X X X X X X
yesselḥu aɣerbaz)
X - Iselsa n unemhal (d iselsa n wid ixeddmen deg tedbelt) X X X
03 58 X - Taselmadt s tbanta (iselsa iwatan aɣerbaz)7 X X X X
03 X - Amzur iban-d (aqbal n umgired deg uɣerbaz, tilelli deg tlusi) X X X X X
69 1 X - Tawacult tezzi i tgella, (Tadukli) X X X X X
X Lemqam n ume$ras(Amezruy) X X
03 01
70 X Amejjay(Tadawsa) X X X X
79 X Amuvin, (Aîîan d useêbiber $er tdawsa X X X X
58
Anaw-is
Asenfar
Tagzemt
Asebter
A$awas uzwir
A$awas LMS
A$awas udfir
Uṭṭun n
Amasɣan
Anmetti
Aggag
Amurnan
Ahuskay
Agitnan
tugna Azal
80 X Uççi n yigumma d yizegza(Afran n tgella) X

81 X Tadukli n twacult(Leêmala) X X X X X
02 82 X Anaw n tgellwin(Awelleh $er tuççit yelhan) X X
89 X Tigellwin n zik(amezruy, ansayen) X X
03 91 X Addal(Tazmert d tdawsa) X X
03 92 X Anawen n waddal(Aseêbiber $ef tfekka) X X
97 X Agama(ccbaêa) X
99 X Asucef(Tezdeg- Asgunfu) X X
102 X Talaba n uqcic (ccbaḥa , idles) X X
102 01 X Ti¨ɣremt n tmura ugafa (tullyz ɣef umaḍal) X X
104 X Itbir, d talwitccbaḥa, talwit, X X X
01 104 02 X Tweṭṭuft, d amhil X X X
105 X Ayen i txedmeḍ ad t-tafeḍ (Tallelt gar yiɣersiwen) X X
04 106 X Tadukli, leḥmala n twacult, leqder i umɣar X X X
110 X Amenferriw:ccbaḥa d usḥbiber ɣef yifrax X X X
114 01 X Tteryel,tugdi X X
02 114 X Cbaḥa n teɣremt X X
119 X Cbaḥa n ugama X X X
59
AMUR 02 : TASLEḌT TASMEKTANT Ixf 02 : Aslaḍ n yisefka
Ixef 02 : Aslaḍ n yisefka n tfelwiyin

Tazwert
Deg yixf amenzu n umur wis sin, nessekcem azalen deg tfelwiyin, nessegza-
d allalen n uslaḍ.
Aslaḍ ara yilin deg yixf-a, ad naweḍ ad d-nerr seg yifmiḍan d tfelwiyin ara
d-yasen, ɣef useqsi agejdan n tezrawt. Tifelwiyin, tinnegnit-nsent, deg-sent
anawen n wazalen . Ma deg tbeddit, uṭṭun n yisenfaren d wuṭṭun n tgezmin .
ukessar, agmuḍ s wanaw, d ugmuḍ amatu.
60
2.2.1 Tafelwit n yiɣruden n wazalen deg yidrisen
Imasɣanen Inmettiyen Aggagen Imurnanen Ihuskayen Igitnanen

Asenfar: 01 tagzemt: 01 2 11 1 3 2 7 26
tagzemt: 02 3 12 4 2 0 6 27
tagzemt: 03 1 15 7 2 1 2 28
Aɣrud s wanaw deg usenfar
= 6 38 12 7 3 15 = 81
Asenfar: 02 tagzemt: 01 5 27 7 7 3 7 56
tagzemt: 02 1 5 0 2 1 0 9
tagzemt: 03 3 26 6 9 7 6 57
Aɣrud s wanaw deg usenfar = 9 58 13 18 11 13 = 122
Asenfar: 03 tagzemt: 01 5 11 1 1 3 8 29
tagzemt: 02 2 6 0 4 1 2 15
tagzemt: 03 3 10 0 4 4 1 22
= 10 27 1 9 8 11 = 66
Asenfar: 04 tagzemt: 01 3 7 0 2 1 3 16
tagzemt: 02 5 6 1 1 0 7 20
= 8 13 1 3 1 10 = 36
Aɣrud amatu
= 33 136 27 37 23 49 = 305
61
AMUR 02 : TASLEḌT
T TASMEKTANT Ixf 02 : Aslaḍ n yisefka
2.2.1.1 Tigejda d yifmiḍan

yifmi
Tigejda n uɣrud n wazalen deg yiḍrisen n udlisfus

ilmend n wanaw
150 136
100
33
50 Imasɣanen
27 37 Inmettiyen
0 49
23 Aggagen
Imurnanen
Ihuskayen
Igitmanen
Afmiḍi n wazalen deg yiḍrisen ilmend n wanaw

Igitnanen; Imasɣanen;
16,06 10,81
Ihuskayen;
7,54 Imasɣanen
Inmettiyen
Aggagen
Inmettiyen;
Imurnanen
44,59
Ihuskayen
Imurnanen;
Igitnanen
12,13
Aggagen; 8,85
62
2.1.1.2 Aslaḍ d yiwenniten

Amḍan i d-nessekfel , yuweḍ ɣer 305 deg 35 n yiḍrisen, 24 d tasrit 11 d
isefra, meqqer nezzeh. Yesbanay-d azal i tefka tmurt i uḥric-a deg usedwel, azal n
Uzzayri n uzekka imi deg-s ara d-banen yinammalen n umdan aɣaram .
Yal asenfar, yerfed aḥric-is n wazalen . Amḍan-nsen yemgarad deg usenfar
ɣer wayeḍ . Win ideg ggten , d asenfar wis sin s 122 n wazalen . Asenfar-a,
yettmeslay-d ɣef wassaɣen gar yimdanen, tiwaculin d temnaḍin n Lezzayer. Iswi-
ines :Ad d-nesker takerḍa n usnubget . Deg-s yegget yidles aɣelnaw : timeɣriwin
d usfugel n yennayer. Timlilit n yiɛeggalen, s tumert, deg tumert, tesseǧhad
taddukli d umɛiwen .Ɣef wakka, deg usenfar-a, d azalen inmettiyen i d-yufraren
58 seg 122. Ḍefren-d imurnanen i d-yesbanayen azal n temlilit d leḥmala.
Asenfar amenzu, yezga-d d wis sin s 81 n wazalen. Ufraren-d deg-s
wazalen inmettiyen s 38/81. Iswi n usenfar d askar n tkalast n usmil. Deg-s uẓẓu n
wazalen yettcuddun agraw, amyussen, aqbal n wayeḍ, tagmat, taywalt, amager n
uberrani d umawal n uzulu d leqder. Igitnanen ḍefren s 15/81.
Asenfar wis kraḍ, yusa-d deg wadeg wis krad s 66 n wazalen , 27 deg-sen d
inmettiyen. D aseḥbiber ɣef tdawsa d tezdeg iɣef d-yettmeslay usenfar. Azal n
tezdeg, yettuɣal-d acḥal d tikelt.Tezdeg n tfekka,tin n yiselsa, tin wadeg, tin n
temnaḍt d tin n wučči. Addal d useḥbiber ɣef tdawsa, d wi i d azalen inmettiyen,
igitnanen, asɣanen acku ula Rebbi d nnbi weṣṣan, wellhen ɣur-sen. Yis-sen i
yettimɣur umdan.
Deg umṭiq wis ukuẓ, d asenfar wis rebɛa, s 36 n wazalen , aḥric ameqqran d
inmettiyen s 13. D amur n tunqisin d tmucuha. Wezzil, deg-s snat n tgezmin kan.
Azalen yettilin deg tmucuha d uffiren, d irusriden. Yettaɛar usekfel-nsen. Sɛan
assaɣ zuren d tmetti, idles d wansayen, daymi i d-usan yinmettiyen d imezwura.
Deg yeḍrisen, d azalen inmettiyen yeṭṭfen aḥric ameqqran s 136 deg 305,
imi d nutni i ibennun tikli n unelmad. Ssin ɣur-s d igitnanen s 49. Yis-sen i
yettissin unelmad abrid n tudert. D imurnanen i d-yernan s 37, iferrez yis-sen
iḥulfan-is. Imasɣanen s 33. Aggagen s 27 . Ineggura d ihuskayen s 23.
63
2.2.2. Tafelwit n yiɣruden n wazalen deg tugniwin
Asenfar: 01 tagzemt: 01 2 6 1 2 3 3 17
tagzemt: 02 4 5 2 4 5 4 24
tagzemt: 03 2 3 2 3 1 3 14
Asenfar: 02 tagzemt: 01 3 19 2 6 12 4 46
tagzemt: 02 0 2 3 0 0 1 6
tagzemt: 03 1 4 3 0 4 4 16
Asenfar: 03 tagzemt: 01 2 4 1 4 1 3 15
tagzemt: 02 1 3 3 2 0 1 10
tagzemt: 03 1 2 1 0 2 1 7
Asenfar: 04 tagzemt: 01 4 7 2 1 4 0 18
tagzemt: 02 1 3 0 1 2 0 7
Aɣrud amatu 180

21 58 20 23 34 24
64
AMUR 02 : TASLEḌT

yifmi
Tigejda n uɣrud n wazalen deg tugniwin n udlis
ilmend n wanaw
60 58
50
40
30 21
34
Imasɣanen
20 20 23
10 Inmettiyen
0 24
Aggagen
Imurnanen
Ihuskayen
Igitmanen
Afmiḍi n wazalen deg tugniwin ilmend n wanaw

Imasɣanen;
Igitnanen;
11,66
13,33
Ihuskayen;
18,88
Imasɣanen
Inmettiyen
Inmettiyen;
Aggagen
32,22
Imurnanen
Ihuskayen
Igitnanen
Imurnanen;
12,77 Aggagen;
11,11
65
2.2.2.2. Aslaḍ d yiwenniten
Aɣrud n wazalen i d-nufa deg tugniwin, yuweḍ ɣer 180 seg 65 n tugniwin .
Amḍan, ɣas meqqer yusa-d ddaw n wid i nufa deg yiḍrisen s waṭas. Annect-a
yella-d imi :
1. Asufeɣ n wazal deg tugna, d yiwet n tmussni tunnigt, tuḥwaj anadi s
telqayt . Tugna, deg-s akatar ; deg-s, tafat d tiɣma ; deg-s, tiɣemmert n teẓri,
telqey d tsuddest-is39.
« D tidet yiwet n tugna, teqqar-d aṭas n tɣawsiwin, tidet daɣen , laqent aṭas
n tugniwin akken ad d-inint yiwet n tɣawsa »40.
2. Awali d usufeɣ n wazal deg tugna, icudd ɣer kra n yimgiyen idelsanen d
yinmettiyen yellan deg-neɣ i d-yenna umusnaw François RICHAUDEAU41.
3. Azalen yettilin deg tugniwin d uffiren, yuɛer usufeɣ-nsen .
4. Tuget n tugniwin ttemcabint.
D asenfar wis sin i yesɛan aṭas n wazalen s 68/180 deg 12 n tugniwin. Aṭas n
wazalen, deg drus n tugniwin! Aya akk, imi tugna n usebter 39 teddem aṭas n
wazalen. Nufa deg-s 17 n wazalen. Tugna-ya d azamul n tdukkli, teskanay-d akk
Lezzayer: Imezdaɣ, idgan, idles, iselsa, tuččitin, tisutwin…Tessufrar-d azalen
inmettiyen ɣef wiyaḍ deg usenfar-a, tessaweḍ-iten armi 25 deg 68.
Asenfar amenzu, yusa-d d wis sin s 55/180 deg 21 n tugniwin. Azalen-d i d-
yufraren deg-s d wid n leḥmala n tmurt imi tugna n ukenyal n Lezzayer yuɣal-d
deg usenfar-a 09 n tikwal. Deg-s azalen n uqader n uberrani d uqbal-ines, am
ucmumeḥ n tselmadt deg wudem n uberrani. Tira n uɣerbaz s tutlayin tiɣelnawin:
tamaziɣt d taɛrabt, rnu tigraɣlanin. Tugna n Fḍma n Sumer, temmal tilelli d
tebɣest. D azalen inmettiyen i yezwaren s 14 seg 55, ḍefren-d igitnanen s 10 seg
55.
39
http://www.clg-roquepertuse.ac-aix-marseille.fr/spip/sites/www.clg-
roquepertuse/spip/IMG/pdf/Comment_analyser_une_IMAGE_2.pdf, yettwazra ass n 28/04/2019
40
Patrice CAMBRONE,Suzane POQUE.Bulletin d’association.Guillame BUDE
41
Fronçois RICHAUDAUE , conception et production des manuels scolaires,UNESCO ,1979
66
Asenfar wis kraḍ , yusa-d deg wadeg wis kraḍ s 32/180 deg 20 n tugniwin .
D inmettiyen i d-yufraren acku asenfar-a d asendeh d uwelleh ɣef tezdeg d uḥraz
n tdawsa. Tugniwin, mmalent assaɣen gar umuḍin d umejjay; gar yiɛeggalen n
twacult. Aḥraz n tfekka s waddal. D azalen inmettiyen i d imezwura s 09 seg 32,
ḍefren-d yimurnanen s 06/32 imi yella deg-s ddeqs n yiḥulfan.
Asenfar wis ukuẓ , d aneggaru s 25/180 deg 12 n tugniwin . Deg usenfar-a, d
azalen inmettiyen i d-yulin s 10/25 acku d asenfar n tunqisin d tmucuha ideg
llant tugniwin n tɣermin, tteryel, taweṭṭuft, itbir... Ayen yessimɣuren akk d
tasugna. Deffir n waya, d azalen ihuskayen s 06/25 imi tiɣermin n yigelliden
mmalen ccbaḥa d tirga.
67
2.2.3. Tafelwit n yiɣruden n wazalen deg yidrisen d tugniwin
Asenfar: 01 tagzemt: 01 4 17 2 5 5 10 43
tagzemt: 02 7 17 6 6 5 10 51
tagzemt: 03 3 18 9 5 2 5 42
Asenfar: 02 tagzemt: 01 8 46 9 13 15 11 102
tagzemt: 02 1 7 3 2 1 1 15
tagzemt: 03 4 30 9 9 11 10 73
Asenfar: 03 tagzemt: 01 7 15 2 5 4 11 44
tagzemt: 02 3 9 3 6 1 3 25
tagzemt: 03 4 12 1 4 6 2 29
Asenfar: 04 tagzemt: 01 7 14 2 3 5 3 34
tagzemt: 02 6 9 1 2 2 7 27
Aɣrud amatu = 54 194 47 60 57 73 485

AMUR 02 : TASLEḌT

yifmi
Aɣrud n wazalen deg yiḍrisen d tugniwin n udlis ilmend n wanaw
200 194
150
100
54 Imasɣanen
50 47 60 Inmettiyen
57 73 Aggagen
0
Imurnanen
Ihuskayen
Igitmanen
Afmiḍi n wazalen deg yiḍrisen d tugniwin ilmend n wanaw

Igitnanen; Imasɣanen;
Ihuskayen; 11,13
15,05
11,75
Imasɣanen
Inmettiyen
Inmettiyen; Aggagen
40 Imurnanen
Ihuskayen
Igitnanen
Imurnanen;
Aggagen;
12,37
9,69
69
Aslaḍ n yiɣruden n wazalen deg yiḍrisen d tugniwin

Aɣrud n wazalen deg yiḍrisen d tugniwin, deg udlisfus yuweḍ ɣer 485, 305
deg yiḍrisen,180 deg tugniwin. Amḍan-a ameqqran, idell akk azalen i yellan deg
umnir n usbeddi n wahilen d wahil. Kra n wayen i d-yebder wahil, yedda-d. Llan
sḍis (06) n yismilen: imasɣanen, inmettiyen, aggagen, imurnanen, ihuskayen d
yigitnanen. Kra s tuget, wiyeḍ d amata(ddeqs kan), kra d izaylalen.
Tasmekta-a tameqqrant n wazalen deg udlisfus , tesskanay-d tixutert d ccan
i sɛan wazalen deg ulmud; d wadeg i s-fkan yimeskaren n udlis-a i usidef n
yinammalen n tizzayrit.
Deg leɛmer-a (09 n yiseggasen), i lemmden, i reffden timmadit n uzekka. S
usekcem n wazalen deg usedwel, ibennu unelmad timmadit-ines. Di temẓi i
yetteẓẓu kra wayen yelhan “Lleqma deg telqeq” i qqaren yimezwura.
Azalen, i d-yufraren d inmettiyen s 194 (40%). D ayen ibanen , imi s
wazalen-a i ibennu unelmad assaɣen d yimeddukkal-is.Yis-sen i d-yettaki s tikki-
ines deg yigrawen inmettiyen ; deg uɣerbaz neɣ deg tudert. S wazalen-a, i
yettissin tawuri-ines d uẓayer-ines ama deg uxxam, deg uɣerbaz neɣ deg berra .
Deg leɛmer-a, i ibeddu yettissin d anwa-t, d acu-t yidles-is, asɣan, amezruy,
tmurt-is…
Azalen igitnanen , usan-d deg umṭiq wis sin s 73 (15.05%), deffir n
yinmettiyen .Cudden ɣur-sen, tikwal neṭṭḍen. Yuɛer ad nessemgired gar-asen.
Mmallen akk amek ara yili unelmad .Nnig n tmussni, d asineg, d asnilaw. D wa i
d iswi n uselmed s tzemmar.
Deffir n yigitnanen, d azalen imurnanen s 60(12.37%) . Iḥulfan n unelmad
deg leɛmer-a i ttimɣuren . Yettnerni unelmad, yettissin d acu i yeffren deg wul.
Iqerreḥ, yesseqraḥ. Iferreḥ, isefraḥ. Yis-sen ara yebnu taywalt d wassaɣen.
Azalen ihuskayen d ilemmasen s 57 (11.75%). Anelmad, tjebbed-d lwelha-
s ccbaḥa n tewlaft d tugna s yiniten d teɣmi igerzen. Ayen i s-yettaɛren, d gezzu n
70
wayen i d-temmal tugna d uffir.Tahuski, tella deg ugama, deg yiselsa, deg tfekka.
Isefranen n usufeɣ n wazalen deg tugna, mgaraden seg umdan ɣer wayeḍ.
Imasɣanren, llan 54(11.13%) Yis-sen i yettissin unelmad abrid uɣdim d
wuɛwij. Kecmen-d tuget wazalen-a, d uffiren.Ur llin ara d imezwura acku deg
uɣerbaz amenzu tella tanga n usedwel tineslemt. Deg-s i ilemmed ugar ɣef usɣan
d wayen yemmal.
Ineggura, d azalen aggagen s 47(09.69%) .Usan-d d ineggura, acku d
azalen imadwanen . D ayen yellan deg wallaɣ, ur d-ttbanen ara . Gemmu n
tektiwin n unelmad urɛad yemmid. D asnulfu n umaynut. Tarrayin n usedwel, ur
ttaǧǧant ara anelmad ad d-yesnulfu, d allus d tririyin i yeggten.
71
AMUR 02 : TASLEḌT
2.2.4. Tafelwit n yiɣruden

ruden d yifmiḍan
yifmi an n wazalen: iflalayen/wuffiren
Aɣrud
ɣrud n wazalen Uffiren Iflalayen
Amḍan 152 85 67
Afmiḍi 100 55,92 44,07

yifmi
Aɣrud n wazalen deg yidrisen udlis s wudem
aflalay d wuffir
100 67
85
50
Iflalayen
0
Uffiren
Iflalayen
Uffiren
Afmiḍi n wazalen deg yiḍrisen ilmend n

yiflalayen d wuffiren
Iflalayen;
44,07
Uffiren; Iflalayen
55,,92 Uffiren
72
Seg yiɣruden d yifmiḍan n wazalen deg yiḍrisen, iban-aɣ-d d azalen uffiren i

s waṭas: 55.92% ɣef yiflalayen : 44.07%.
Seg tmental, i izemren ad ǧǧent azalen uffiren ad gten deg yiḍrisen, tigi:
- Anaw n yiḍrisen ullisen, ladɣa timucuha, ur teddment ara azalen s ubrid
usrid. D asuffeɣ ara d-ttwasuffɣent.
- Azalen uffiren yewwi udlisfus, s timmad-nsen, yezmer ad asen-ifaq, ad ten-
yaweḍ, ad ten-id-yekkes.
- Asebɣes n unelmad ɣef usemres n tekta-s d ẓẓwara-ines I tufin d tukksa n
wazalen.
Akken yebɣu yili, leɛmer n unelmad d uswir-is, rnu amgired n yizuyaz

(amazɣawal d uɛerbawal), yewwi-d ad agaren yiflalayen uffiren, anelmad
ad yagem ayen-din n wazalen.
73
AMUR 02 : TASLEḌT
2.2.5. Tafelwit n yiɣruden

ruden n wazalen deg tugniwin ilmend n
yiɣawasen
Aɣrud n
wazalen Aɣawas amenzu Aɣawas
ɣawas alemmas Aɣawas udfir
Amḍan 64 36 22 06
Afmiḍi 100 56,25 % 34,37 % 9,37 %
2.2.5.1. Tigejda d yifmiḍan

yifmi
Aɣrud n wazalen deg tugniwin n udlis ilmend n
yiɣawasen
36
40
30
22
20
Aɣawas uzwir
10
0 6 Aɣawas alemmas
aɣawas udfir
Aɣawas
uzwir Aɣawas
alemmas aɣawas
udfir
Afmiḍi n wazalen deg tugniwin ilmend n

Aɣawas wanaw
udfir; 9,37
Aɣawas Aɣawas uzwir

uzwir; 56,25
Aɣawas alemmas
Aɣawas udfir
Aɣawas
alemmas;
34,37
74
2.2.5.2. Aslaḍ n tfelwit

Deg tezrawt-a nneɣ, nefren kra n yisefranen deg uslaḍ n tugniwin, nesker
tifelwiyin i waya. Tin yerzan iɣawasen, ɣur-s sin wumlan : iɣruden d yifmiḍan.
Tafelwit daɣen, tla sin yinekcumen. Anekcum n tinnegnit, yiwi anaw n
iɣawasen : uzwir, alemmas d wudfir. Anekcum n tibeddit, yiwi iɣruden n wazalen
n yiɣawasen d yifmiḍan-nsen.
Seg yiɣruden d yifmiḍan teddem tfelwit, yettban-d amek yewwi uɣawas

uzwir aḥric ameqqran, yejba i uzgen, meḥsub 56.25%. Aya, yemmal-d tixutert d
ubaɣur sɛan wazalen i d-yettubeggnen s uɣawas uzwir, seg tama. Seg tama
nniḍen, yessebgan-d afran n tarrayt iwatan i usekcem n wazalen deg wul n
yinelmaden. Ladɣa imi d imeẓyanen deg leɛmer, ahat ur tettruḥu ara tiṭ-nsen
akkin, ad gzun ugar ayen akk yellan deg tugniwin.
Aɣawas alemmas, ula d netta, ddeqs-is 34.37%. Ur yezmir ara deg yiwet n
tugna yeddmen aṭas n wazalen, ad d-ttwabeggnen akken ma llan deg uɣawas
amenzu. Rnu ula d aɣawaas-a alemmas, ɣur-s azal. Anelmad, ma ttwafernent-as-d
tugniwin igerzen, ad yemmuqel, ad iḥeṣṣen mliḥ deg-s. kra yellan ad t-id-yekkes.
Yezga-d uɣawas udfir, d aneggaru s 09.37%. Aya, d ayen ibanen : mi ara

yeɛmer uɣawas amenzu, ddrus kan ara yilin n tallunt i wayen yegran. Rnu, azalen,
iwint tugniwin deg uɣawas-a, ur yesɛi ara tixutert am sin yezwaren.
75
TAGRAYT TAMATUT
Tagrayt tamatut
Amahil-nneɣ, d tazrewt tasnalmudt timettit. D anadi ɣef wassaɣen gar

igburen n tmussni (épistémologie) d wazalen ( axiologie ) yellan deg udlisfus”
Tamaziɣt, aseggas wis ukkuẓ n ulmud amenzu”. D anadi, ma idell akk udlisfus-a,
azalen i d –yebder wahil. D anadi ɣef telqey n tilin-nsen; s wanawen, neɣ deg
yisenfaren.
Asteqsi-nneɣ agejdan: Acḥal i d-yettwagran n wazalen, ddeqs neɣ drus?
Akken ad ɣ-yifsus umahil, nebḍa leqdic-nneɣ ɣef sin yimuren: tiẓri, asnas.
Deg amur n teẓri, nuwi-d awal ɣef tnektayin d tmeḍranin. Azalen deg unegraw
asdewlan azzayri, aslaḍ n yisefka, azal, aḍris, tugna, ahil, adlisfus, tafelwit,
asesmel n wazalen.
Deg umur usnas, nesnked-d aḥric n unadi ( adlisfus). Nefren-d allalen n

uslaḍ (tafelwit n ugmar n wazalen deg yiḍrisen, d tin n tugniwin). Nesleḍ
iɣruden, tasleḍt tasmektant, tɣarant.
Ilmend n uslaḍ n udlisfus-a, nessaweḍ ɣer ugemmuḍ-a:
 Azalen, llan, ɣummen akk anawen i d-yebder wahil; ɣas akken afmiḍi
yemgarad deg usenfar ɣer wayeḍ, deg tegzemt qer tayeḍ.
 Azalen, i d-yufraren akk d inmettiyen; wid I drus d aggagen. Acku afran n
yiḍrisen ur ɛawnen ara i tilin n wazalen aggagen.
 Tugniwin: d asuneɣ neɣ d asugen. Ulac tiwlafin ara iqerben anelmad ɣer
tilawt, akken ad yakez, ad yegzu azalen ttawint, ad yesker assaɣ d wayen i as-d-
yezzin.
 Abeyyen n yiwudam deg tugniwin tikwal ur yemmal ara tilawt.
76
TAGRAYT TAMATUT
Isumar
Yessefk ɣef wid ara ibedden ɣef uheyyi n yidlisfusen, ɣer sdat ad fken ugar
azal I :
 Afran n yiḍrisen yesɛan iɣbula, ideg gten wazalen, ayen yeǧǧen isenfaren ad
refden akk kra, ad mqaraben deg tesmekta.
 Asekcem n yiḍrisen d tugniwin ideg ara Yilin wazalen ixussen, deg udlisfus ,
am waggagen d yihuskayen , wid-a I icudden srid ɣer twennaḍt taɣurbizt. Ad
sbeɣsen, Ad awin anelmad ɣer usnulfu.
Anadi-nneɣ, d yiwen udɣaɣ deg uɣalad yettalin. Nessaram, ad ilin wiyeḍ, ad

ilint aṭas n tezrawin ɣef taɣult-a, akken ad nnernnin idlisfusen-nneɣ , ad
teǧǧuǧeg tmussni di tmurt.
77
‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺧص اﻟﺑﺣث‬
‫ﯾﮭدف اﻟﺑﺣث إﻟﻰ اﻟﺗﻌرف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﯾم اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺗﺿﻣﻧﮫ ﻛﺗﺎب ﺛﻣﺎزﯾﻐت ﻟﻘﺳم اﻟﺳﻧﺔ اﻟراﺑﻌﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم‬
‫اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻲ وﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﺗوزﯾﻌﮭﺎ ﻓﯾﮫ‪.‬‬
‫أﺳﺋﻠﺔاﻟدراﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫أ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ اﻟﻘﯾم اﻟﺗرﺑوﯾﺔ اﻟواردة ﻓﻲ ﻛﺗﺎب ﺛﻣﺎزﯾﻐت ﻟﻘﺳم اﻟﺳﻧﺔ اﻟراﺑﻌﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻲ؟‬
‫ب‪ .‬ﻛﯾف ﺗوزﻋت اﻟﻘﯾم اﻟﺗرﺑوﯾﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺗﺎب ﺛﻣﺎزﯾﻐت ﻟﻘﺳم اﻟﺳﻧﺔ اﻟراﺑﻌﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻲ؟‬
‫ج‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻣدى ﺗطﺎﺑق ورودھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻧﮭﺎج و ﻛﺗﺎب ﺛﻣﺎزﯾﻐت ﻟﻘﺳم اﻟﺳﻧﺔ اﻟراﺑﻌﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻲ؟‬
‫ﻋﯾﻧﺔاﻟﺑﺣث‬
‫ﻛﺗﺎب ﺛﻣﺎزﯾﻐت ﻟﻘﺳم اﻟﺳﻧﺔ اﻟراﺑﻌﺔ ﻣن اﻟﺗﻌﻠﯾم اﻻﺑﺗداﺋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻧﮭﺞ اﻟدراﺳﺔ‬
‫وﻷﺟل ﺗﺣﻘﯾق أھداف ﺻﻣﻣﻧﺎ أداﺗﯾن ھﻣﺎ‪ :‬ﺑطﺎﻗﺗﺎ ﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﻣﺣﺗوى ﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾل اﻟﻘﯾم‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‪ :‬واﺣدة ﻟﻠﻧﺻوص وأﺧرى ﻟﻠﺻور و اﻷﺷﻛﺎل‪ ،‬ﻣﻛوﻧﺔ ﻣن ﻋﺷرة أﻋﻣدة ﺗﺑﯾن ﻧوع اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ وطرﯾﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻋرﺿﮭﺎ وﻧوع اﻟﻌرض وﻣوﻗﻊ اﻟﻘﯾﻣﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‬
‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻟدراﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧت أﺑرز اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗوﺻل إﻟﯾﮭﺎ وﺟود ‪ 485‬ﻗﯾﻣﺔ ﻛﻣﺟﻣل ﻟﻛل اﻷﻧواع‪ :‬دﯾﻧﯾﺔ و اﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺛﻘﺎﻓﯾﺔ و ﻣﻌرﻓﯾﺔ و أﺧﻼﻗﯾﺔ و ﺟﻣﺎﻟﯾﺔ وذاﺗﯾﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻛﺎﻧت أﻋﻼھﺎ ﺗﻛراراً اﻟﻘﯾم اﻻﺟﺗﻣﺎﻋﯾﺔ‪-‬اﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﯾﺔ و أﻗﻠﮭﺎ اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﯾﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻣﺎظﮭرﺗﻘﺎرب ﻛﺑﯾر ﻓﻲ طرﯾﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻋرض اﻟﻘﯾم ﺑﯾن اﻟﺻرﯾﺣﺔ و اﻟﺿﻣﻧﯾﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ ھﻧﺎك ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻓﯾﻌرض اﻟﻘﯾم ﺑﯾن اﻟﻔﻘرة واﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ واﻟﻛﻠﻣﺔ؛‬
‫ﻓﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﺟﻣﻠﺔ ھﻲ اﻷﺑرز‪ ،‬ﺑﯾﻧﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺎرب اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺔ و اﻟﻔﻘرة ﻓﻲ وﺣدات اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‪ ،‬وظﮭر ﺑﺷﻛل‬
‫أﻛﺑر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﺷروﻋﯾن اﻟﺛﺎﻟث و اﻟراﺑﻊ ‪.‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻧﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺻور ﻓﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﺛﻘﺎﻓﯾﺔ ھﻲ اﻷﺑرز و اﻟدﯾﻧﯾﺔ اﻷﻗل وﻣﻌظﻣﮭﺎ ﻋرﺿت ﻓﻲ اﻟواﺟﮭﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺻورة ﻹﻋطﺎﺋﮭﺎ أھﻣﯾﺔ وﻟﺗﻘرﯾب ﻣﻐزاھﺎ ﻣن اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠم‬
‫وﺑﻧﺎءًا ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟك ﺗﻛون أﺑرز ﺗوﺻﯾﺎﺗﻧﺎ زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻘﯾم اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﯾﺔ و اﻟﺟﻣﺎﻟﯾﺔ و اﻟذاﺗﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻛﺗﺎب‪ ،‬واﻟﻣوازﻧﺔ ﺑﯾن اﻷھداف اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﯾﺔ و اﻟوﺟداﻧﯾﺔ ﻓﯾﮫ‪ ،‬و ﺗﻘﻠﯾل ﻣﺣﺗواه و وزﻧﮫ ﺑﻣﺎ‬
‫ﯾﺗﻧﺎﺳب ﻣﻊ اﻟوﻗت اﻟﻣﺧﺻص ﻟﺗدرﯾﺳﮫ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻟﯾب اﻟﺗدرﯾس اﻟﺣدﯾﺛﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ ﻟﺗدرﯾس اﻟﻘﯾم و ﺻﯾﺎﻏﺔ ﺑﻌض‬
‫ﻋﻧﺎﺻره ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻛل ﻣﺷﻛﻼت‪ ،‬و اﻻﺳﺗﻔﺎدة ﻣن إﺟراءات ﺗدرﯾس اﻟﻘﯾم اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗوﺻل إﻟﯾﮭﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪78‬‬
Adlismuɣ
Adlismuɣ (adriraw)
Arraten unṣiben
1. Tamendawt tazzayrit 2016, d tamentilt tagejdant. Deg usaḍuf uṭṭun 01-16,
deg uzemz 06 meɣres 2016, aɣmis unsib uṭṭun 14 deg uzemz 07 meɣres
2016
2. Loi d’orientation sur l’éducation nationale n° 08-04 du 23janvier 2008.
3. Référentiel général des programmes
4. Guide méthodologique d’élaboration des programmes
5. Document d’accompagnement au programme du cycle moyen 2016
6. CNPLET, Lecture critique des programmes et des manuels scolaires de
tamazight, Alger 2009
7. Ahil n tutlayt n Tmaziɣt, almud amenzu, 2016, Aɣlif n Usedwel Aɣelnaw.
8. Amnir n usemres n udlis n tmaziɣt, aseggas wis 4 n ulmud amenzu,
onps,2017/2018
9. Adlisfus n tmaziɣt, Aseggas wis 4 n ulmud amenzu, oNPS,
2017/2018, Lezzayer, Aɣlif n Usedwel Aɣelnaw.
Idlisen
1. ADAM J. M. Elément de linguistique textuelle, Théorie et pratique de
l’analyse textuelle, Liége,Mardaga,Luxembourg, , 1990.
2. BERNAND J M, N PAIRICK , N NKEGNE,F ROBERT, réformes des
programmes scolaires et acquisition à l’école , international review of
éducation DOI,2007.
3. Bertrand Dreyfeuss, Dictionnaire encyclopédique de l’éducation et de la
formation, Nathan université, 2éme édition, 1998.
4. Franck VIALLE, L’analyse de contenu, édition : BéaBa, 2015.
79
‫‪Adlismuɣ‬‬
‫‪5. GERRARD F-M., X. ROEGIERS, Concevoir et évaluer des manuels‬‬

‫‪scolaires, BRUXELLES: DE BOECKWESMÄEL, 1993 .‬‬
‫‪6. JOLY M., Introduction a lˈanalyse de lˈimage, Paris, Armand colin, 2002.‬‬
‫‪7. Larousse, Dictionnaire de français, Larousse-Bordas, 1997‬‬
‫‪8. Le Petit Robert de la langue Française, Paris, Sejer., 2016.‬‬
‫‪9. Le grand robert de la langue française, PARIS, Le Robert, 2001.‬‬

‫‪10.ROBERT J.P. Dictionnaire alphabétique et analogique de la langue‬‬
‫‪française, Millésime, asb 1530.‬‬
‫‪11.Quq Jean- Pierre, Dictionnaire de didactique de français langue étrangère et‬‬
‫‪seconde, Paris, Sejer , 2005.‬‬
‫‪12.RAYLAN F, d, A RIEUNIER, Pédagogie dictionnaire des concepts clés‬‬
‫‪apprentissage formation, phycologie cognitive, Paris ESF,1997.‬‬
‫‪13.SALHI M-A., Asegzawal ameẓẓyan n tsekla,Tizi-Ouzou, L’Odyssée,2012.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرﺑﯾﺔ‬
‫د‪.‬زﻛﯿﺔ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﻲ‪ ".‬اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻒ اﻷول اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي ﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ)دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯿﺔ( "‬
‫ﺣﻤﺪى ﻋﺴﻰ "ﺗﻌﻠﯿﻢ اﻻﻣﺎزﯾﻐﯿﺔ و ﻣﺴﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﮭﻮﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮﯾﺔ)ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺔ ﺳﻮﯾﺴﯿﻮ‪-‬اﻧﺜﺮوﺑﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ("‬
‫رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻨﯿﻞ ﺷﮭﺎدة اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮراه "ل‪-‬م‪-‬د" ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎع و اﻻﻧﺘﺮوﺑﻮﻟﻮﺟﯿﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﯿﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺎدﯾﺲ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺎﻧﻢ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﯿﺔ ‪.2018/2017‬‬
‫ﺑﺸﺎر ﻋﺒﺪا ﷲ اﻟﺴﻠﯿﻢ "اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﺎﺷﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻟﻐﺘﻨﺎ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ﻟﺼﻔﻮف اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻷردن" دراﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﯾﺔ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ ‪ 42‬اﻟﻌﺪد‪2015 2‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮرة ﻓﺎﺗﻦ ﺳﻠﯿﻢ ﺑﺮﻛﺎت"ﻣﺪى ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻋﯿﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺼﺺ اﻷطﻔﺎل ﻓﻲ ﺳﻮرﯾﺔ"ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ دﻣﺸﻖ‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ "ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ دﻣﺸﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‪ 26‬اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪2010‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﺳﻤﯿﺔ ﺳﻠﻤﺎن ﻋﺜﻤﺎن اﻟﻌﺠﺮﻣﻰ"دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯿﺔ و‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯿﺔ وﺣﻘﻮق اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻟﻠﺼﻒ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ اﻻﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﺑﻔﻠﺴﻄﯿﻦ"‪2012‬‬
‫‬‫‪ϊ Α΍‬‬
‫‪ήϟ΍‬‬
‫‬‫‪ϒμ Ϡ‬‬ ‫‪ϟ‬‬
‫‪ΔϠ‬‬‫‪ϴϤΠϟ΍‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪ϲԩ‬‬‫‪Θϔϟ‬‬
‫‪ΏΎ‬‬ ‫‪ΘϜϟ΍‬‬
‫‬‫‪ϲϓ‬‬
‫‬‫‪ΔϨϤπ ΘϤϟ΍‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪ΔϳϮΑήΘϟ΍‬‬
‫‬‫ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﺜﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺻﻌﯿﻘﺮ اﻟﻌﺘﺒﻰ"‪ϢϴϘϟ΍‬‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ"رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﯿﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻨﯿﻞ درﺟﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ"اﻟﻤﺎﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ"اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻮرة)اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﯾﺔ(‪1433‬‬
‫‪80‬‬
Adlismuɣ
‫ ﻧﺴﯿﻤﺔ ﺗﻮاﺑﻰ" اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺼﺺ ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ا‬-‫ ﻧﻌﯿﻤﺔ ﺑﻮﻏﺮارة‬.8
‫ﻛﻠﯿﺔ‬-‫ﺑﻮﻣﺮداس‬-‫"ﻣﺬﻛﺮة ﻟﻨﯿﻞ ﺷﮭﺎدة اﻟﻤﺎﺳﺘﺮﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ و آداﺑﮭﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﻮﻗﺮة‬-‫ﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻰ –ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﺎ‬
.2017/2016‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﯿﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ﺑﻮدواو‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎب اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬-‫ – ﻓﺎطﻤﺔ اﻟﺰھﺮاء ﻣﺤﻤﻮد" اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﯾﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﺼﻮص اﻟﺪراﺳﯿﺔ‬-13 ‫ ھﺎدﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﻰ‬.9
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬-‫" ﻣﺬﻛﺮة ﻣﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻨﯿﻞ ﺷﮭﺎدة اﻟﻤﺎﺳﺘﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ و اﻵداب اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬-‫ﻟﻠﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ أﻧﻤﻮذﺟﺎ‬
.2017/2016 ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﯿﺔ‬.‫ ﺗﺒﺴﺔ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻷدب و اﻟﻠﻐﺎت‬-‫اﻟﺘﺒﺴﻲ‬
‫ ﻓﺎﯾﺰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﷲ ﺳﻔﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮﯾﺸﻰ" اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺮر اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ ﻟﻠﺼﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ و‬.10
‫ﻣﺪى ﺗﻌﺰﯾﺰ اﻟﻤﻘﺮر ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻘﯿﻢ" ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻟﻨﯿﻞ درﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺎ ﺟﺴﺘﯿﺮ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺎھﺞ و طﺮق ﺗﺪرﯾﺲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ‬
.‫ه‬1431/1430 ‫ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﺔ –اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺪراﺳﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎم‬/‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ام اﻟﻘﺮى‬-‫اﻻﺳﻼ ﻣﯿﺔ‬
Tizrawin
1-Chaabna .S akked Benhassaine S, 2015/2016, Adlisfus n tmaziɣt n useggas

amezwaru n tesnawit d wassaɣ-is d tudert tidlesmettit n unelmad, Tazrawt n
turagt, Tasdawit n Bgayet.
2-Khalef .M akked Chemlakh M, 2015/2016, Tigensas n yiselmaden ɣef udlisfus
n tmaziɣt n uswir wis sin, aɣerbaz alemmas, Tazrawt n turagt, Tasdawit n Bgayet.
3-Samuele Meier,Session d'aout 2016, Les valeurs personnelles de Schwartz :
étude des liens avec les traits de personnalité et les intérêts professionnels,
Mémoire de maîtrise universitaire en Psychologie du Conseil et de l’Orientation,
Faculté des Sciences Sociales et Politiques, Université de Lausane.
4-Samuele Meier.Session d aout 2016, Etude la validité concourante des échelles
de valeurs de Schwartz mesurées par l'IVPG (Inventaire de valeurs
professionnelles et générales) vis à vis d'échelles de personnalité (L.A.B.E.L) et
d'intérêts professionnels (LIVAP/LIMET).Mémoire de maîtrise universitaire en
Psychologie du Conseil et de l’Orientation. Université de Lausane.
5-Ghettas A, 2016/2017, vers une approche sémiologique des valeurs culturels
dans le manuel scolaire du français de la 3eme année primaire en Algérie,
Mémoire Pour l’obtention du diplôme de Master de Français. Spécialité : sciences
des langages et sémiologie de la communication. Université de Ouergla.
Imagraden n internet
1- https://www.jle.com/fr/revues/stv/e-
docs/les_differents_types_de_variables_leurs_representations_graphiqu
es_et_parametres_descriptifs_287251/article.phtml
81
Adlismuɣ
2- https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/valeur/80972?q=valeur#8
0026
3- https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/valeur/80972?q=valeur#8
0026ce5d01fd5dec-original.pdf
4- http://www.lereveil.info/article-37007967.html
5- https://jes.ksu.edu.sa/ar/node/3786
6- http://www.girdac.com/products/buy.htm
7- http://revues.univ-biskra.dz/index.php/sh/article/view/553
8- http://www.girdac.com/products/buy.htm
9-
http://eduscol.education.fr/educnet/numerique/dossier/telechargement/rappor
t-ig-
10. manuels-scolaires-2010.pdf
82
Tijenṭaḍ
Tijenṭaḍ
1. Amawal yettusmersen deg tezrawt

Uîîun Tamazi$t Tafransist Taɛrabt A$balu
01 Tanekda Présentation ‫ﻋﺮض‬ Inv.Neo.Amazigh
p106
02 Amkil Profil ‫ﻣﻠﻤﺢ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazigh
p107
03 Allalen Moyens Inv.Neo.Amazighs
‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﯿﺪﻏﻮﺟﯿﺔ‬
isensegmiyen pédagogiques p10
04 Asaruf Pardon ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻮ‬ M.M. P 50
05 Ammud Recueil ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p106
06 Amnir Guide ‫دﻟﯿﻞ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p85
07 Tigemmi patrimoine ‫ﺗﺮاث‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p52
08 Tinnubga Invitation ‫دﻋﻮة‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
09 Tamsel$ut Réference ‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
10
Tasekta Dimention ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ L.M p45
11 Tinufa Bienfaits ‫ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p47
12 Anegmu Croissance ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p37
13 Tuvfit Dépliant ‫ﻣﻄﻮﯾﺔ‬ IRCAM p648
14 Talsa ‫ﺑﺸﺮﯾﺔ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t

Humanité tafransist
15 Anagraw Systéme ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p12
16 Tamsirit Racisme ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮﯾﺔ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
17 Timmadit ‫ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
Personnalité p104
18
ameɣẓan rationnel ‫ﻋﻘﻼﻧﻲ‬ M.M P55
83
Tijenṭaḍ
19 Approche ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺔ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs

Asami p65
20 Inv.Neo.Amazighs
asmektan Quantitatif ‫ﻛﻤﻲ‬
p108
21 Asmeskel Changement ‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p70
22 Tasurfa Tolérance ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻣﺢ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p93
23 Tamasit Résponsablité ‫ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺔ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
24 Tugrinin Discipline ‫اﻧﻀﺒﺎط‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p55
25 Imenzay Principes ‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ‬ M.M. p 53
26 Tukkest Héritage ‫اﻟﻮراث‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs

p55
27 Tiderwin Minorités ‫اﻷﻗﻠﯿﺎت‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p97
28 Imaganen Identitaires ‫ھﻮﯾﺔ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
29 Tigemmi Patrimoine ‫اﻟﺘﺮاث‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p94
30 Tamezdayt Communauté ‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
31 Ime$raden Universel ‫ﻛﻮن‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p127
32 Asurdu Engagement ‫اﻟﺘﺰام‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
33 Uz$in Critique ‫ﻧﻘﺪى‬ M.M. p28
34 Aggagen Intellectuels ‫ﻓﻜﺮي‬ M.M. p43
35 Alsanen Humanistes ‫إﻧﺴﺎﻧﯿﯿﻦ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs

p66
36 Taɣda Orientation ‫ﺗﻮﺟﮫ‬ M.M. p49
37 Ameélay Particulier ‫ﺧﺎص‬ M.M. p 50
38 Amas$an Religieux ‫دﯾﻨﻲ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs

p108
39 Takriî violence ‫ﻋﻨﻒ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p130
84
Tijenṭaḍ
40 Afmivi pourcentage ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t

tafransist
41 Inaẓaren Défis ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺎت‬
42 Igitnanen Morales ‫اﺧﻼق‬ IRCAM p246
43 Usnan Pratique ‫ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺔ‬
44 Ta$ulin Domaines ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻻت‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs

p44
45 As$red Intégration ‫إدﻣﺎج‬
46 A$lan Nation ‫دوﻟﺔ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t

tafransist
47 Ti$ermi Citoyenneté ‫ﻣﻮاطﻨﺔ‬ M.M. p108
48 Amaran Obligatoire ‫إﻟﺰاﻣﻲ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t

tafransist
49 Igburen Contenus ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎ ت‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p33
50 Taneflit Développem ‫ﺗﻨﻤﯿﺔ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
ent p47
51 Agejdan Elémentaire ‫ا ﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬
52 Ame$lal Permanent ‫داﺋﻢ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs

p104
53 Astan Défense ‫اﻟﺪﻓﺎع‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
54 Aée$éen Raisonnemen ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻖ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
t p109
56 Asemdu Effet ‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p25
57 Ameélay Particulier ‫ﺧﺎص‬ M.M. p 50
58 Anubi Adolescent ‫ﻣﺮاھﻖ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs

p115
59 Tamsetla Solidarité ‫ﺗﻈﺎﻣﻦ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p115
60 Anfalan Affectif ‫ﻋﺎطﻔﻰ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p19
61 Amsadar Professionnel
‫ﻣﮭﻨﻲ‬ M.M. p53
85
Tijenṭaḍ
62 Amaran Obligatoire ‫اﻟﺰاﻣﻰ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs

p11
63 A$lan Nation ‫اﻣﺔ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
64 Astan Défense ‫اﻟﺪﻓﺎع‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
65 Asmatu Generaliser ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
66 Tasnarrayt Méthodologi ‫ﻣﻨﮭﺠﯿﺔ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
e tafransist
67 Tasemmeske réforme ‫ا ﺻﻼح‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
lt
tafransist
68 Ahuskay Beau ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻞ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
p20
69 Aéuran Artistiques ‫ﻓﻨﺎن‬ IRCAM p156
70 Azmar capacité ‫اﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬ IRCAM p257
71 Tulmisin Caractéristiqu ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻔﺎت‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t

es tafransist
Inv.Neo.Amazighs
asmektan Quantitatif ‫ﻛﻤﻲ‬
72 p108
73 Taselḍt Analyse ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ M .M 46
Asefran Critère ‫ﻣﻌﯿﺎر‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
75 P24
76 Tixutert Importance ‫أھﻤﯿﺔ‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
77 A$rud Total ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
78 Timmadit personnalité ‫ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺔ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
P53
79 Akatar cadre ‫اطﺎر‬ Asegzawal tamazi$t
tafransist
80 aéayer Statut ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
P116
81 Asineg Savoir Faire ‫ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﺮف‬ Inv.Neo.Amazighs
P26
82 Asnilaw Savoir Etre Inv.Neo.Amazighs
P113
Isegzawalen i yettusmersen :
86
Tijenṭaḍ
Inventaire Neo. Amazighs. : Habib-Allah Mansouri :

Inventaires des néologismes Amazighs.
Asegzawal tamaziɣt tafransist. http://asegzawal.com
M.M. Mouloud Mammeri: Amawal n tmaziɣt tartart.
L.I. : Lexique informatique
L.M. : lexique mathématique
Asegzawal n IRCAM
87

TAZRAWT Boufrouche Akkal

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Tagduda tazzayrit tamagdayt taɣerfant

Aktay n taggara n usileɣ

S-ɣur imaswaḍen: S lmendad n Massaw:

- Tanemmirt tameqqrant i Mass BELLIL

- Tanemmirt i Mass MAHNOUNE

- Tanemmirt i yinemhalen i a ɣ-yeldin

- Tanemmirt i kra n win i d-yegren

IXF 02: ASLAḍ N YISEFKA N TFELWIYIN ................................................ 60

Tagrayt tamatut .................................................................................................. 76

Amaynut n tkennawt d wazalen tewwi:

Azalen deg wahil n tmaziɣt

Tixutert n usedwel ɣef wazalen :

Timental n ufran n usentel

Tawuri n unagraw asinan (asdewlan)

ilelli, yeɣtes ad yeqqim d ilelli. Amezruy-is n wacḥal n yigiman n yiseggasen d

Anamek n wazalen deg usedwel

Deg lebni n wahilen yewwi-d ad nefk azal i yimenzayen i yeɛnan ahil md :

discution.Les trois principes fondateurs de tout programmes sont épistémologie, méthodologie et

- Tawuri n usiweḍ n tmussniwin.

Yemɛawanen, d tuddist yesɛan aṭas n tgezmin yemmden neɣ ur nemmid ara n

1.1.2 TIZRAWIN YEZRIN

-Llan akk wazalen isnedwalen deg udlis, maca ur ɛdilen ara.

1.1.2.2Deg tmurt n Lezzayer:

Azwel-is: Azalen isnedwalen i yellan deg tmucuha n udlis n

- Abeyyen n wayen i d-wwin wazalen-agi i unelmad.

1.1.3. ASESMEL N WAZALEN

1.1.3.1.4 Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n ubani:

1.1.3.1.5 Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n tizgi:

1.1.3.1.6 Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n usentel:

1.1.3.1.7 Asesmel ilmend n tsekta n ubaɣur:

1.1.3.2. Asesmel n uɣlif n usedwel

- Ad issegmu azalen igitnanen d wasɣanen30d yiɣermanen i d-

yekkan seg tmagit tazzayrit.

- Ad yawi tikli s wazalen n tmurt i icudden ɣer ttexmam n waɣlan.

- Ad yamen s useḥbiber d ustan ɣef tddukli n uɣlan d tlisa n tmurt.

- A yesɛu rruḥ n umɛiwen, tiwizi d umahil agrawan , d tidet deg

- Ad yettikki deg tudert tadelsant n uɣaram neɣ n taddart.

- Ad yeldi ɣef tsekla n tamiwin d tmeɣradi (timḍalin).

Ukuẓ (04) am wayen yellan deg umnir asnaray n usbeddi n wahilen:

Ixf 02: Agmar n yisefka

1.2.1. Amezruy n udlisfus aɣurbiz

1.2.1. 2. Aheyyi n wahilen d yidlisfusen

Quelle strategie d’integration, 2éme colloque, Tipaza, 26-28 novembre 2007.

deg useggas-a yessewjed-d yiwen n wahil deg-s ṣa n yisebtar i yettwellihen ɣer

1.2.2.1. Umlan ɣef udlisfus

37 Seg umnir n usemres n udlis n tmaziɣt

- Oamal Amirat, d aselmad n tmazi$t

1.2.2.2. Iḥricen n udlisfus

1.2.2.4. Tuddsa tamatut n yilmuden

- Ad d-mleɣ tinufa n waddal i useḥbiber n tdawsa.

Tafelwit n yivrisen i $ef ara tili teslevt

Asenfar Asenfar wis sin Asenfar Asenfar wis ukkuz

-Favma n Sumer -I kemm a Tiziri -Tarda sb.72 -Itbir d tweîîuft

-Favma n Sumer -Yennayer sb.55 -Tuççit yelhan -Mqidec bu

sb.25 - I kunwi a sb.82 lehmum sb. 114

u$erbaz-iw Sb.28 u$erbaz- sb 90/91

-Ass amezwaru nne$ sb.58 -Azal n waddal

Ixef 1: Agmar n wazalen:

Asekcem n wazalen s ubrid usrid aflalay

2.1.1.2. Asegzu n wallal n uslaḍ n wazalen deg tugniwin

2.1.2. Tifelwiyin n wazalen

2.1.2.1 Tafelwit n wazalen yellan deg yiḍrisen n tɣuri d yisefra

Deg uɣerbaz- X - Azul a mass ! Azul a mmi ! Ansuf yis-k …, Tanemmirt, a X X X