ANSWER KEY

GRADE 11/12 | STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

UNIT 17

Test of Hypothesis on the Population

Proportion

Test Your Prerequisite Skills

1. a. 0.28
b. −0.06
c. ≈ 0.06
d. ≈ 3.54

2.

3. a. 𝐻𝑜 : The average monthly income of Filipino households is ₱30 000.

𝐻𝑎 : The average monthly income of Filipino households is not ₱30 000.
b. 𝐻𝑜 : The average number of hours a teenager spends studying is 3 hours.
𝐻𝑎 : The average number of hours a teenager spends studying is less than 3
hours.
c. 𝐻𝑜 : The average distance a marathon runner can cover in 1 minute is 50 meters.
𝐻𝑎 : The average distance a marathon runner can cover in 1 minute is not 50
meters.
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ANSWER KEY

Lesson 1: The Test-Statistic Value for the Population

Proportion

Check Your Understanding!

1.

-2.51 0.25 1.34

-0.31 1.65

2. a. ≈ 0.05
b. ≈ 0.04
c. ≈ 0.04
d. ≈ 0.04
e. ≈ 0.02

3. a. 𝑧 ≈ −1.44
b. 𝑧 ≈ −2.31
c. 𝑧 ≈ 1.12
d. 𝑧 ≈ −3.93
e. 𝑧 ≈ 3.01

4. 𝑧 ≈ −0.82

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Lesson 2: Interpretation of the Population Proportion

Check Your Understanding!

1. a. -1.96 1.96

1.90

b. 1.65
-0.53

c. -2.33
-2.31

d. 2.33
0.61 3
ANSWER KEY

e. -1.96 1.96
2.31

2. a. 𝐻𝑜 : The proportion of students who visit the guidance counselor office at least
once in a term is 75%.
𝐻𝑎 : The proportion of students who visit the guidance counselor office at least
once in a term is more than 75%.
b. 𝐻𝑜 : The proportion of prank calls that a call center agent receives is 10%.
𝐻𝑎 : The proportion of prank calls that a call center agent receives is not equal to
10%.
c. 𝐻𝑜 : The proportion of mid 20’s who are attendees of a gig of a certain rock back
is 50%.
𝐻𝑎 : The proportion of mid 20’s who are attendees of a gig of a certain rock back
is not equal to 50%.
d. 𝐻𝑜 : The proportion of senior citizen customers of a fast food is 20%.
𝐻𝑎 : The proportion of senior citizen customers of a fast food is not equal to 20%.
e. 𝐻𝑜 : The proportion of students who do not eat breakfast before going to school
is 30%.
𝐻𝑎 : The proportion of students who do not eat breakfast before going to school
is less than 30%.

3. a. We failed to reject 𝐻𝑜 .
b. We failed to reject 𝐻𝑜 .
c. 𝐻𝑜 : The proportion of students who will pass the Statistics quiz is 80%.
𝐻𝑎 : The proportion of students who will pass the Statistics quiz is less than 80%.
We reject 𝐻𝑜 and accept 𝐻𝑎 as our hypothesis.

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ANSWER KEY

Lesson 3: Solving Problems Involving Test of Hypothesis

on the Population Proportion

Check Your Understanding!

1. a. 𝐻𝑜 : The proportion of published poems that are submissions from readers is

20%.
𝐻𝑎 : The proportion of published poems that are submissions from readers is
less than 20%.
b. 𝐻𝑜 : The proportion of profits that a certain game earns from microtransactions
is 35%.
𝐻𝑎 : The proportion of profits that a certain game earns from microtransactions
is not equal to 35%.
c. 𝐻𝑜 : The proportion of cellphone repairs that requires fixing the display is 75%.
𝐻𝑎 : The proportion of cellphone repairs that requires fixing the display is more
than 75%.
d. 𝐻𝑜 : The proportion of graduates of a 4-year course who will work right after
graduation is 85%.
𝐻𝑎 : The proportion of graduates of a 4-year course who will work right after
graduation is not equal to 85%.
e. 𝐻𝑜 : The proportion of adults who will experience separation anxiety when
moving to a new city is 60%.
𝐻𝑎 : The proportion of adults who will experience separation anxiety when
moving to a new city is more than 60%.

2. a. Yes because 𝑛𝑝 ≥ 5 and 𝑛𝑞 ≥ 5 are both true.

b. Yes because 𝑛𝑝 ≥ 5 and 𝑛𝑞 ≥ 5 are both true.
c. No because 𝑛𝑝 ≥ 5 is not satisfied because 𝑛𝑝 = (10)(0.3) = 3
d. Yes because 𝑛𝑝 ≥ 5 and 𝑛𝑞 ≥ 5 are both true.
e. Yes because 𝑛𝑝 ≥ 5 and 𝑛𝑞 ≥ 5 are both true.

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ANSWER KEY

3. a. There is no sufficient statistical evidence to show that more than 70% of car
accidents are caused by drunk driving.
b. There is a statistical evidence to support that 20%f employees strive harder
when given a challenge.
c. There is statistical evidence to support that 60% of applicants are fresh
graduates.

Lesson 4: Practice Problems

Check Your Understanding!

1. a. Yes because 𝑛𝑝 ≥ 5 and 𝑛𝑞 ≥ 5 are both true.

b. Yes because 𝑛𝑝 ≥ 5 and 𝑛𝑞 ≥ 5 are both true.
c. No because 𝑛𝑝 ≥ 5 does not satisfy the problem since 𝑛𝑝 = (10)(0.15) = 1.5
d. Yes because 𝑛𝑝 ≥ 5 and 𝑛𝑞 ≥ 5 are both true.
e. Yes because 𝑛𝑝 ≥ 5 and 𝑛𝑞 ≥ 5 are both true.

2. a. There is sufficient statistical evidence to show that 10% of Grade 1 students are
gifted readers.
b. There is no sufficient statistical evidence to show that less than 5% of laptops
produced are defective.
c. There is no sufficient statistical evidence to show that 3 in 5 youth today do not
exercise regularly.
d. There is no sufficient statistical evidence to show that 7 out of 10 teenagers are
addicted to video games.
e. There is sufficient statistical evidence to show that 85% of Filipinos are fluent in
more than two languages

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Challenge Yourself!

1. In testing the hypothesis on population proportion, we make use of the test statistic
𝑝̂−𝑝
𝑧= 𝑝𝑞
. In testing the hypothesis on population mean, we make use of the test
√𝑛

(𝑥̅ −𝜇)√𝑛 𝑥̅ −𝜇
statistic 𝑧 = for large samples and 𝑡 = 𝑠 for small samples.
𝜎
√𝑛

2. This is done to ensure that the proportion is approximately normal.

3. The level of significance indicates the probability that a Type I error is committed.
Thus, a 0.05 level of significance shows that there is a 95% confidence level that the
right decision is done in the test. Similarly, a 0.01 level of significance shows that
there is a 99% confidence level that the right decision is done in the test.
4. The null and the alternative hypothesis is important to be defined so that we are
accurate in the kind of claim that we are rejecting or accepting.
5. The critical value is derived from the z-score which illustrates the area of the normal
curve. These can be obtained from the Table of Areas Under the Normal Curve. The
0.05 level of significance shows that the area in between the critical values is 95%
while the 0.01 level of significances shows that the area in between the critical
values is 99%.

Performance Task

Check student’s output based on the given rubric in the study guide.