Intro

Modern penology- Attempts to prevent criminal conduct have typically involved social or
environmental manipulations, with incarceration, probation regimens, and psychological
rehabilitation programs being perhaps the most prominent examples

Concerns itself mainly with prison management and criminal rehabilitation.

Attempts to prevent criminal conduct have typically involved social or environmental

manipulations, with incarceration, probation regimens, and psychological rehabilitation
programs being perhaps the most prominent examples

Biology, Psychology and Sociology has range contribution in the study of

Criminology and it also aiding for advancement of Modern Penology. One of the
primary role of these branch of Science in Modern Penology is its aim to bring to
light the ethical bases of punishment, along with the motives and purposes of
society in inflicting it.

Biologial View

Biological Interventions

Pharmacological treatments for substance abuse and addiction-

Rule 109- Persons with Mental Disabilities and/or Health Conditions UN- UN Standard
Minimum Rules for treatment of Prisoners
(The Nelson Mandela Rules)- Persons who are found to be not criminally responsible, or
who are later diagnosed with severe mental disabilities and/or health conditions, for
whom staying in prison would mean an exacerbation of their condition, shall not be
detained in prisons, and arrangements shall be made to transfer them to mental health
facilities as soon as possible.

Mental Health Program

Anyone with serious mental health needs are managed in partnership with their local
Regional Forensic Mental Health Services.

Programs of BJMP

A. Provisions of Basic Needs

All PDL under custody are provided with three (3) meals (breakfast, lunch and supper).
Adequate supply of potable water is made available to them at all times. Likewise, upon
admission, each PDL is issued his or her PDL uniform consisting of the yellow shirt and
brown jogging pants. Hygiene kits are also distributed to the PDL on monthly or
quarterly basis. Occasionally, the provision of basic needs for the PDL is supplemented
by the food and non-food donations from local government units, non-government
organizations, business sector and private individuals.

B. Health Services

Health services for PDL consist of interventions towards the prevention, promotion,
treatment of illnesses and rehabilitation. All PDL undergo medical assessment upon
admission. During confinement, PDL are provided with health education and counseling,
medical consultations, regular health monitoring, and provided medicines subject to
availability. To maintain the physical health of PDL, they are allowed daily sunning and
physical exercises.

Sociological View

Open Prison Concept: The open prison model, where inmates live in less restrictive
conditions and can sometimes engage in community activities, is a notable aspect of
Denmark's system. This model helps in acclimatizing inmates to normal life and reduces
recidivism.

1. Visitation-
Prisoners can be allowed to go outside the prison: on leave (permisjon), escorted
leave (fremstilling) or day-release (frigang) for work or education.

Telephones are placed in small rooms. Phone calls to family members are limited
to 20 minutes each week, or for parents to 40 minutes. Prisoners pay for their
calls. Prison authorities can monitor phone calls.

Prisoners are usually allowed to receive visits, which take place in specific rooms
and parts of the building. Prisoners can receive visits from lawyers, diplomats,
and ‘Prison Visitors’, and work-visits (arbeidsbesøk) from journalists, researchers,
etc. There is no quota for visits that come in addition to family visits.

Prisoners may contact the outside world by computer, to search for housing or
jobs for after release. These contacts are monitored. From 2020, the new prisons
have developed security systems that allow prisoners digital access to public
services.

Recreational Activities

GYM & TRAINING

Large prisons have a gym for basketball, handball, etc. Small prisons may have only a
training room with exercise equipment. Some prisons have yoga. In some isolation units
there is a training space with treadmill and bicycles.

Several gym and training areas are new or renovated. However, access is limited: prison
officers have limited time to monitor prisoners while they train, and budget cuts make
this problem worse.

The situation is the same with access to libraries and other kinds of facilities.

Often, gym and training take place after work or school, for a regulated period of time.
Prisoners usually have access to gym or training for 1 to 1.5 hours a day, from two to three
days a week.

In some prisons, prisoners have to choose between going to the gym, the library, outdoor
time or other activities.

H. Cultural and Sports Program

The cultural program aims to promote camaraderie among PDL, encourage the
development of self-confidence and sharing of cultural talents as form of positive
entertainment. Cultural activities allowed in jails include dance, singing, theatre/drama,
and art workshops. Also, through this program, PDL experience some sense of social
normalcy through the communal celebrations of socio-cultural events like birthdays,
Valentine’s Day, Mothers’ and Fathers’ Day, Christmas, Lent and Easter, Ramadan, local
festivals and other similar activities.

J. E-Dalaw

The E-DALAW service is an alternative to the traditional face-to-face visitation between

PDL and respective families. This service enables the PDL to connect with his/her family
through a supervised video call and chat. The program is conceptualized specifically to
cater to PDL whose family members cannot go to the jail for actual visit because of the
long distance to the jail from the residence or workplace of the family members.
However, in case of jail lockdown by reason of public health emergency where visitation
is suspended, all PDL are allowed to use the e-dalaw to communicate with their families
on equitable rotation basis.

Psychological View-

Psychological research indicates that punishment is often the least effective way to
change behavior

Motivational programmes

Parenting skills programmes

Parenting skills programmes are designed to improve the parenting skills of prisoners and
to increase their awareness of community networks that can support them with on-going
parenting and family needs. The group-based programme helps develop pro-social values
and behaviours required for good parenting.

Psychological treatment

This one-on-one intervention primarily deals with high risk sexual and violent offenders.
Psychologists provide specialist advice, assessment, and treatment to reduce an offender’s
risk of re-offending.

F. Behavioral Management/ Modification Program

BJMP implements the Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) to manage and
modify behaviors of PDL with the goal of positively changing their thinking and behavior
through structured group processes. The program endeavors to teach and model positive
thinking, pro-social values, good decision-making, and positive coping. Through the
program, PDL are trained on socially acceptable ways of behaving and relating with their
fellow PDL and with personnel and visitors thereby fostering a therapeutic jail
environment and maintaining a peaceful communal atmosphere.

E. Drug Counseling for PDL with Substance use Disorder

PDL with substance use disorder or have history of illegal drug use and who were granted
plea bargaining under A.M. No. 18-03-16 SC, are provided with drug counseling using the
Katatagan Kontra Droga sa Komunidad (KKDK) approach. The KKDK is a psycho-
educational drug counseling program developed consisting of twenty-four (24) modules:
eighteen (18) modules to be completed by the PDL in a small group setting with fellow
PDL and six (6) family modules to be participated by the PDL’s family. The drug
counseling runs for maximum duration of four (4) months.

Pharmacological treatments for substance abuse and addiction-