Code-switching is when a person alternates between two or more languages or dialects within

a single conversation or utterance. For instance, someone might say, "I need to comprar some
groceries at the store" here comprar means “to buy” blending English and Spanish, or "I can't
find my clés" here clés means “keys” blending English and French.
Types of Code-switching
1: Metaphorical code-switching
Metaphorical code-switching involves using language from one domain to describe something
in another domain. For example, someone might say "I'm drowning in work" to express being
overwhelmed with tasks, using language from the domain of water to describe their workload.
Another example could be saying "he's a rock" to describe someone's reliability or stability,
borrowing language from the domain of geology to convey a characteristic trait.
2: Situational code-switching
Situational code-switching involves adjusting language use based on the context. For example, a
bilingual person might speak formally in one language for work meetings but switch to a more
relaxed tone in another language with friends. Another example is using technical language in
one language for professional discussions and everyday language in another language for
personal conversations.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Code-switching

Advantages:
1. Expressiveness: Code-switching allows speakers to convey nuanced meanings or emotions
that may not be easily expressed in a single language.
2. Cultural Connection: It can strengthen cultural connections within bilingual or multilingual
communities by allowing speakers to draw from multiple linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
3. Communication Flexibility: Code-switching can facilitate communication by bridging language
gaps and accommodating speakers with different language proficiencies.
Disadvantages:
1. Misunderstandings: Code-switching may lead to misunderstandings if listeners are not
familiar with all the languages being used.
2. Identity Confusion: It can sometimes cause confusion or a sense of identity conflict, especially
for individuals navigating multiple linguistic and cultural identities.
3. Social Stigma: In some contexts, code-switching may be viewed negatively or stigmatized,
leading to social judgments or discrimination against speakers.