English For Business Studies Coursepack S5

ENGLISH FOR BUSINESS STUDIES
Compiled by Prof. A. BZIOUI

S5
Page 1
FINANCE
1. Money – the basics
A. Put the correct word in each space.
account 앫 back 앫 banknotes 앫 borrowed

change 앫 coin 앫 currency 앫 earn
lent 앫 note 앫 salary 앫 spend
sum 앫 wages 앫 waste 앫 win
1. In the USA, "quarters" (25 cents) and "dimes" (10 cents) are types of _______________.
2. In the United Kingdom, "a tenner" means a ten pound _______________.
3. The US dollar, the Yen and the Euro are types of _______________.
4. Hundred dollar bills and twenty pound notes are _______________.
5. 2,000,000 Swiss francs is a large _______________ of money.
6. I need to _______________ some Euros into Australian dollars.
7. My friend _______________ a hundred pounds from me.
8. I _______________ a hundred pounds to my friend. When she can, she'll pay me _______________
9. I buy a lottery ticket every week, but I never _______________ anything.
10. Most dentists _______________ at least £30,000 a year.
11. __________ are paid to employees weekly. _______________ are paid to employees monthly.
12. In business, you have to _______________ money to make money.
13. A: Do you have a bank _______________?
B: Yes. I bank with the Bank of Scotland.
14. In my opinion, eating in expensive restaurants is a _______________ of money.
B. Match the words on the left with the words on the right.
1. a small a. a profit
2. an income b. amount of money
3. donate c. cash
4. high d. cost of living
5. make e. credit card
6. pay by f. losers
7. pay in g. money to charity
8. winners and h. of £25,000 a year
6
For reference see A & C Black Dictionary of Banking and Finance (978-07136-7739-3). Page 2
FINANCE
C. Choose the correct word.

1. Spain now uses the euro. Pesetas are no longer ____________.
a. good money b. legal money c. legal tender
2. I bought a TV which doesn't work. I'll take it back to the shop to get ___________.
a. my money returned b. a refund c. a repayment
3. In a shop, to get a refund, you usually have to show the ___________.

a. receipt b. recipe c. payment ticket
4. I'm paying for my new car in 36 monthly __________.

a. instalments b. pieces c. parts
5. I earn a lot of money, but I have a lot of _________.

a. payouts b. expenses c. paying
6. Famous paintings are usually sold by __________.

a. bid b. highest price c. auction
7. In an auction, the item is sold to the person who makes the highest __________.
a. bid b. price c. offer
8. In Japan, the US dollar is __________ .

a. foreign money b. strange money c. a foreign currency
9. In Britain, it's not usual to discuss your personal __________

a. money b. finances c. money arrangements
10. You can _________ a house and __________ a car.

a. hire / rent b. hire / hire c. rent / rent or hire
11. Here's the fifty dollars I __________.

a. owe you b. pay you back c. must return
12. The best things in life are __________.

a. free b. not for sale c. not bought and sold
D. Find the opposites of these words A R P P U F O L O E

in the grid.
S A V E R E U O N N
1. spender / _______________
S H A C B D Y S F M
2. borrower / _______________ T G S R L G C S L B
R D E V E Q X E E U
3. winnings / _______________
L O W Q N V T S T Y
4. losses / _______________ H X Z W D E I S K E
N J O J E D W L I R
5. high prices / _______________ prices
K E E P R O F I T S
6. sellers / _______________
I A Y A C I B Z U O
7
For reference see A & C Black Banking and Finance (978-07136-7739-3) Page 3
MARKETING
Marketing Quiz
I) Circle the right option:
1. Features, Benefits and Desires create a vital combination in marketing. Which of the following
statements describes these terms the best?
A. People can desire a product even though it has no benefits.
B. People sometimes use features and benefits to rationalize their desire.
C. Features when coupled with desire equal benefit sought.
D. Knowing the Features, Benefits and Desires of a product is not important to marketing.
2. Which groups make up the Innovation Adopter Curve?
A. Undifferentiated, Concentrated, Multi-segmented, Micro-segmented
B. Introductory, Growth, Maturity, Declining
C. Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, Millennials, Internet Generation
D. Innovators, Early Adopters, Early Majority, Late Majority, Laggards
3. What does the D stand for in AIDA stand for?
A. Determine
B. Desire
C. Deduced
D. Dollar
4. Style-conscious, tech-savvy, prematurely affluent, independent, socially and environmentally

aware are all characteristics from someone in which Generation?
 A. Generation Y or Millennials
B. Baby Boomers
C. Generation X
D. Mature or silent Generation
E. None. These are terms used in the promotion of Star Trek: The Next Generation
5. When considering the lifecycle, in which stages would publicity most effectively be used?
 A. Infant and Maturity Stages
Page 4
MARKETING
B. Introductory Maturity Stages
 C. All Stages
D. Introductory and Growth Stages
6. The first step in the SAM 6 process is:
 A. Concepts: Marketers need to understand marketing concepts
 B. Competence. A competent marketer has a working knowledge of marketing terms
C. Clarity: Marketers need a clear understanding of marketing terms
D. Credentials: Marketers need defined skills to succeed
7. __________________ indicates the number of people who receive a message.
A. Audience width
B. Reach
C. Frequency
D. Mass Market
Page 5
HR
general vocabulary
Formal words 1
In a business / office environment, we often use ‘formal’ words, especially in our written English (letters,
reports, etc). For example, instead of ‘asked for advice’, we might use ‘consulted’.
We asked our accountant for advice about our tax.

becomes:
We consulted our accountant about our tax.
These ‘formal’ words are often verbs.
Change the ‘neutral’ verbs and expressions in bold in these sentences to more ‘formal’ words using the
verbs / expressions in the box. Each sentence requires only one word or expression. In most cases, you will
need to change the form of the verb.
address adjourn adjust administer admonish advise
amalgamate analyse annul appeal to appoint apportion
assess at assign assist assure attend audit avert
await award
1. We need to examine in detail the market potential of these new products.
2. The value of the business was calculated to be £5 million.
3. The management increased their offer in the hope of stopping the strike happening.
4. It will be the HR manager's job to organise the induction programme.
5. He was given the job of checking the sales figures.
6. The contract was cancelled by the court.
7. Our accountants have been asked to examine the accounts for the last quarter.
8. When he was dismissed, he asked his union for support.
9. The chairman spoke to the sales team.
10. At the meeting it was decided to give middle management a salary increase.
11. The workers were given a warning by the manager for careless work.
12. We are waiting for the decision of the planning department.
13. Prices will be changed according to the current rate of inflation.
14. The chairman stopped the meeting until 3 o'clock.
15. We have chosen a new distribution manager.
16. Production costs are shared according to projected revenue.
17. The chairman has asked all managers to come to the meeting.
18. We have been told that the shipment will arrive next week.
19. Can you help me with these income tax returns?
20 The different unions have joined together to make one main union.
16
© Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. For reference see Dictionary of Human Resources and Personnel Management (ISBN 0 7475 6623 2) Page 6
FINANCE
Unit
2. Banks
0000– the basics
A. Choose the correct words.
D Grimleys Bank
Open an account today!
Open an account with Grimleys Bank, and start benefiting from our great 1 rates /
levels of interest and 2 small / low charges. With over 3,000 3 branches / outlets,
you'll never be far from us, and unlike many other 4 high street / town centre
banks, we're open all day on Saturdays.
Grimleys customers can 5 take money / make withdrawals from more than a
million 6 cash dispensers / money machines worldwide, and of course you'll
receive a 7 cheque book / book of cheques and a 8 paying
card / debit card within a few days of opening your account.
Computer-users may be interested in our e-account - all the

benefits of a regular Grimley's 9 current / day-to-day account,
with the added convenience of being able to view your 10 lists /
statements and 11 make / do payments online.
Whether you're opening your first current account, 12

switching / changing from another bank or simply want to take
advantage of our 13 range / variety of savings accounts, you'll
be glad you chose Grimleys – the bank that always 14 makes /
puts the customer first.
B. Match the method of payment with the definition.
1. Credit card a. A piece of paper which transfers money from your account to
somebody else's account.
2. Debit card b. Similar to a credit card, but usually operated by a chain of shops or
other retailer.
3. Charge card
c. The money is deducted from your bank account almost immediately.
d. These can be exchanged for foreign currency, or in some cases

4. Cheque
used instead of cash.
5. Traveller's cheque e. You owe the card provider money. You can pay it back in one
instalment, or over a longer period if you wish.
6. Charge account f. You owe the retailer money.
8
FINANCE
C. Choose the best word.
The D Grimleys Bank current account
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
1. Regular bank statements will be sent to you by post, listing recent __________.
a. payments b. events c. transactions
2. New current account customers can borrow up to £200 in the form of a low-interest __________.
a. overdraft b. overtake c. overspend
3. The current rate of interest for __________ overdrafts is 6.7% APR.

a. permitted b. allowed c. authorised
4. While your account is __________ credit, there are no charges.

a. under b. in c. with
5. If your account is overdrawn, charges may __________.

a. happen b. apply c. occur
6. When you acknowledge __________ of your new debit card…

a. receipt b. the receiving c. reception
7. …you will be sent a PIN (Personal _________ Number)

a. identifying b. identifier c. identification
8. You will need to _________ your PIN each time you use the card.
a. put in b. type c. enter
9. Two or more customers may apply for a __________.

a. two-person account b. joint account c. together account
10. Current account __________ may apply for a Grimleys Credit Card.
a. holders b. owners c. users
11. Credit cards will be issued __________.

a. if you're rich enough b. if you have money c. subject to status
12. You may __________ your account at any time.

a. close b. finish c. end
9
LOGISTICS
Page 9
LOGISTICS
Page 10
LOGISTICS
Page 11
MARKETING
Page 12
FINANCE
3. Operating
Unit 0000 an account
A. Match the formal phrases on the left with the informal phrases on the right.
1. I deposited some money. a. The money's been sent.
2. I withdrew some money. b. I paid in some money.
3. The funds have been transferred. c. It goes out of my account every month.
4. My account is overdrawn. d. I went to a cashpoint.
5. It's paid by standing order. e. I took out some money.
6. My account was debited. f. I'm in the red.
7. My account was credited. g. I checked my balance.
8. I used an ATM. h. It went into my account.
9. I made a balance enquiry. i. It went out of my account.
B. Match the words with the parts of the cheque.
account number 앫 amount in figures 앫 amount in words 앫 cheque number
logo 앫 payee 앫 signature 앫 sort code
± Central and Eastern Bank Date

13/08/2007
14 - 16 St James's Lane
Northampton NT5 8JQ
Pay Jon Marks
A/C Payee
£ 122.50
One hundred and twenty-two
pounds + 50p only Liz Allen
000375 22-34-06 27863201
C. Answer the questions.
1. Who has this cheque been made out to? __________________________
2. Has it been signed and dated? __________________________
3. Is it crossed or uncrossed? __________________________
4. Can it be paid into somebody else's account? __________________________
10
FINANCE
D. Choose the words to complete the sentences.

1. After they have been paid in, cheques usually take three working days to __________.
a. pass b. credit c. clear
2. When I write out a cheque, I keep a record by filling in the __________.

a. receipt b. invoice c. counterfoil
3. If you don't have a cheque book, you can pay by getting a _________ from a branch of your bank.
a. banker's draft b. bank paper c. bank ticket
4. Unlike a personal cheque, a banker's draft can't __________.

a. be rejected b. bounce c. crash
5. A banker's draft is also known as a bank draft or a __________.

a. banker's cheque b. banker's note c. banker's ticket
6. If you need to borrow money, you can apply to your bank for an __________.
a. overdraft possibility b. overdraft facility c. overdraft opportunity
7. If you need to borrow more money from your bank, you can ask them to increase your _________.
a. overdraft limit b. overdraft level c. overdraft supply
8. If you want to borrow money from a third party*, you may have to supply a __________.
a. banker's support b. banker's promise c. banker's reference
9. A banker's reference proves to a third party that you are __________.

a. moneyed b. creditworthy c. rich enough
10. Regular automatic payments of the same amount (e.g. to a charity) are called __________.
a. standing orders b. direct debits c. direct orders
11. Regular automatic payments of varying amounts (e.g. electricity bills) are called __________.
a. standing orders b. direct debits c. direct orders
12. With my savings account, I have to ________ 30 days notice if I want to ________ a withdrawal.
a. say / do b. give / make c. ask for / take
13. Many employees receive their salaries directly into their accounts by __________.
a. BACS payment b. BATS payment c. BAPS payment
14. BACS stands for Bankers Automated __________.

a. cheque system b. cost system c. clearing system
* "A third party" means another person or company
11
MARKETING
II) Match the following must-know marketing terms with what they mean:
Inbound Marketing - Content Marketing - Search Engine Optimization (SEO) - Call-to-Action
(CTA) - Outbound Marketing - Bounce Rate - Buyer Persona - Landing Page - Unique Selling
Proposition (USP) – Lead - Return on Investment (ROI) - Engagement Rate - Pop-up - Outbound
Marketing - Customer Relationship Management (CRM) - Website Traffic- Churn Rate
It is the practice of influencing a website’s visibility in a search engine’s organic, unpaid
search results through generating backlinks, incorporating relevant keywords,
improving a website’s load speed, publishing content, and using other techniques.
A form of marketing focused on pushing a message out to an intended audience by,
for example, attending conferences and trade shows, cold calling, and paying for TV
ads.
It is an individual or company that exhibits interest in your product. They are the
people who signed up for your webinar and email newsletter, booked a call, etc.
It refers to an invitation to people to respond and perform a desired action. For
example, if you want your site visitor to try out your product for free before deciding
to buy it, your message can be “Start Free Trial.”
This measures the interaction (likes, comments, shares, and others) that a post
obtains. This metric indicates how effectively you’re catching the interest and
attention of your audiences.
A form of marketing focused on creating content that naturally draws targeted
audiences in to a company’s website by earning trust and providing value to those
specific audiences.
This refers to the percentage of people who visit a website and click out of it without
visiting another page on the website.
It sets your brand or products apart from your competitors. It can be about your
responsive customer care, guaranteed longevity of your product, being the first to
offer specific items or services, and others. Knowing it is crucial in positioning your
brand and boosting your competitive edge.
This is actually a very important sales KPI. It refers to the number of clients or
customers who have stopped using your products over a certain time period.
This is a research-based representation of your ideal buyer. It includes details, such as
age, occupation, location, interests, relationship status, and others. Marketers develop
this representation before creating a marketing plan or running any kind of marketing
initiatives.
A measurement of the number of visits a website receives.
A system that manages a company’s interactions with current and potential customers
by using technology to organize, automate, and integrate sales calls and emails.
Also called lightbox or interstitial, it is an overlay window or box that appears in front
of a webpage and invites visitors to take the offer, respond to a CTA, or other actions.
It is a performance metric that reflects the amount of money you earn from the
marketing campaigns and other related initiatives you spent on.
It is a standalone web page. It’s designed with a specific goal -- to compel visitors to a
specific action, such as signing up for a newsletter, white paper, or webinar. To do so,
they typically furnish their email address, which is your goal.
This involves strategically creating and sharing online material to attract target
customers and drive profitable buyer action. It is often used on inbound marketing
campaigns.
Page 15
HR
general vocabulary
Formal words 2
The words and expressions in bold in the first of each pair of sentences can be replaced by a more ‘formal’
verb in the second sentence. These verbs can be found in the box below, but in most cases you will need to
change their form.
Write your answers in the crossword grid on the next page.
redeploy
Across ())
2. The management agreed to measures to keep experienced staff in the company.
The management agreed to measures to experienced staff.
6. The sales people were told about the new product in detail.
The sales people were about the new product.
7. The management agreed to the union's proposals.

The management to the union's proposals.
8. The union has had its funds taken away by order of the courts.
The union has had its funds .
12. The insurance company refused to pay his claim for storm damage.
The insurance company refused to his claim for storm damage.
15. The chairman gave a general description of the company's plans for the coming year.
The chairman the company's plans for the coming year.
17. The union demanded that the sacked workers should be allowed to return to the
jobs from which they were dismissed.
The union demanded that the sacked workers should be .
18. After a lot of thought, he decided to hand in his resignation.
After a lot of thought, he decided to his resignation.
19. The court refused to accept his claim for compensation.
The court his claim for compensation.
20. If we increase production, we will need to take on more staff.

If we increase production, we will need to more staff.
21. Her job has been increased in importance to senior manager level.
Her job has been to senior manager level.
Down (v)
1. He has given up his right to early retirement.

He has his right to early retirement.
3. The management were formally told of the union's decision.
The management were of the union's decision.
4. The HR director will talk about the new staff structure to the Board.
The HR director will the new staff structure to the Board.
5. The union has agreed not to call a strike without further negotiation.
The union has not to call a strike without further negotiation.
17
HR
general vocabulary
7. We asked our accountant for advice about our tax.

We our accountant about our tax.
8. Candidates are asked to state clearly which of the posts they are applying for.
Candidates are asked to which of the posts they are applying for.
9. He chose to take early retirement.

He to take early retirement.
10. We closed the design department and moved the workforce to another department.
We closed the design department and the workforce.
11. Salaries are linked to the cost of living.

Salaries are to the cost of living.
13. We are trying to find out about the background of the new supplier.
We are into the background of the new supplier.
14. The company has been given formal permission to sell spare parts.
The company has been to sell spare parts.
16. If you want to see the HR manager, write your name in the appointments book.
If you want to see the HR manager, your name in the appointments book.
1. 2. 3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. 9. 10. 11.
12.
13.
14.
15. 16
17.
18.
19.
20. 21.
18
FINANCE
13.
4 Currency
Unit 0000 markets 1
Today's exchange rates
1 US dollar = Euro 0.82 GB Pound 0.53
1 Euro = US dollar 1.23 GB Pound 0.65
1 GB pound = US dollar 1.90 Euro 1.54
A. Which is correct? (Choose one from each group.)

1. a. There are 1.23 dollars to a Euro.
b. There are 1.23 dollars for a Euro.
c. There are 1.23 dollars to the Euro.
d. There are 1.23 dollars to a Euro.
2. a. The euro is currently at 1.23 against the dollar.

b. The euro is currently at 1.23 for the dollar.
3. a. No. 1 above is how ordinary people say it; no. 2 is how it's reported in the news.
b. No. 2 above is how ordinary people say it; no. 1 is how it's reported in the news.
B. Look at the exchange rate chart, and write words or numbers into the spaces.
1. At the moment there are _________________ euros to the pound.
2. The pound is standing _________________ _________________ against the dollar.
3. You'll get just _________________ two dollars to the pound.
4. A dollar is worth just _________________ fifty pence.
5. How many euros will I _________________ for £100?
6. How much is $39.95 _________________ pounds?
7. I'd like to change these pounds _________________ euros please.
8. I'd like to exchange these pounds _________________ euros please.
C. Look at the chart, and answer true or false.

$
0.60
0.58
0.56
0.54
£
0.52
0.50
January February March April
30
FINANCE
1. The dollar started the year just below sixty pence. TRUE / FALSE
2. The dollar went into free fall in January and February. TRUE / FALSE
3. The decline of the dollar levelled off in March TRUE / FALSE
4. The dollar hit a low of £0.50 at the beginning of March. TRUE / FALSE
5. Since March, the dollar has made a full recovery. TRUE / FALSE
6. The dollar has recovered very slightly since March. TRUE / FALSE
7. Since March, the dollar has made a partial recovery, but remains weak. TRUE / FALSE
8. The dollar halved in value in the first three months of the year. TRUE / FALSE
9. The dollar lost nearly a fifth of its value in the first quarter. TRUE / FALSE
10. The dollar is currently trading at around 53p. TRUE / FALSE
D. Put the words into the correct columns. All could go into this sentence:
The dollar __________ against the euro.
rose gently dropped slightly fell sharply went up half a cent

gained slightly hit a new high weakened went into free fall
levelled off remained steady gained strongly gained some ground
rose sharply remained level hit a new low went down several cents
soared plummeted bottomed out fell very slightly
slid a little shot up slipped half cent plunged
rose gently
See also Unit 28 Numbers and statistics
31
FINANCE
Page 20
FINANCE
Housing
Other goods and services
Health care
Transport
Food
LINE CHART
Page 21
HR
general vocabulary
Word association 4: salary and wage

Unit 0000
1. Rearrange these letters to make adjectives that can come before wage and salary. The first letter of
each word has been underlined.
balelevi ginilv cabis moinnla iuimmmn honymtl graevea alnuan eyyrla
2. Complete this paragraph with verbs from the box.
command • cut • dock • draw • earn •

fall • offer • pay • raise • rise • reduce
An employee can (a) or (b) a wage or salary. An employer can (c) , (d) ,
(e) , (f) or (g) salaries or wages. If an employee is persistently late or does
something wrong, the employer can (h) his wages. Wages and salaries can (i) or
(j) . An experienced worker who is in great demand can (k) a high wage or salary from a
new employer.
3. Decide whether these statements are true or false:
(a) Changes made to wages are called wage adjustments.

(b) The basis on which an employee is paid is called a wage formation.
(c) A wage-price spiral occurs when prices fall, and so wages fall as well.
(d) The act of keeping increases in wages under control is called a wage restraint.
(e) A wage freeze is a period during which a company doesn't pay any wages.
(f) The differences in wages between employees in similar types of jobs are called wage differences.
(g) A wages floor is the department in a company which is responsible for paying the employees
(h) A financial benefit offered as a reward to employees who perform very well is called a wage incentive.
4. Complete these dictionary definitions with words from the box.
review structure
(a) Salary refers to money which a company removes from salaries to pay to the government as
tax, National Insurance, etc.
(b) A salary is the organisation of salaries in a company with different rates of pay for different
jobs.
(c) Salary is a situation where an increase in pay is greater than that of officially negotiated rates.
(d) Salary are the hopes of an employee that their salary will increase.
(e) A salary is a re-examination by an employer of an employee's pay.
(f) A salary is the highest level on a pay scale that an employee can achieve under his or her
contract.
g) Salary are all the salaries at different levels in a company.
(h) A salary is a sudden reduction in salary.
22
LOGISTICS
Page 23
LOGISTICS
Page 24
LOGISTICS
Page 25
HR
general vocabulary
Unit
Word association 5: work and 0000
working
A. Hidden in the grid below there are 23 words that can be used after work and working? How many
can you find? You can find them by reading across ()) and down (v).
For example: work profiling working supervisor
s s e x p e r i e n c e o h s i s
h t t d a y a b c d e f u g c p t
a a h o u r s r a g e l t j h r r
d n i l c o n d i t i o n s e o u
o d c u t e a m k l m w n o d f c
w a p n s u p e r v i s o r u i t
p r a c t i c e s q l o a d l l u
r d s h o v e r l o a d t u e i r
m e a s u r e m e n t v w x o n i
y s h a r i n g s a m p l i n g n
w e e k z s t o p p a g e a b c g
B. Use the expressions to complete these sentences.
1. Everybody in the office is suffering from stress because there's so much to do all the time. They're
all complaining of .
2. The factory is noisy, dark, hot and dirty. The union says that unless improve, they'll down
tools and walk out.
3. According to our figures, it should be possible for a team of five skilled employees to
produce 20 units an hour.
4. Fiona's a student on a business course. She's spending some time with our company on
to see how a successful company is run.
5. My are from nine to five, but I get 30 minutes for lunch, and two 20-minute breaks.
6. Karen is our : she works on the production line, but she also controls the work of the
others on the factory floor.
7. I resigned last week, but I need to my notice, so I'll be here for another 3 weeks.
8. is becoming increasingly common as people have to do more in less time, with

inadequate equipment and in an unpleasant environment. There have even been reports of physical
violence.
9. The company has made radical changes in its recently in an attempt to increase
production and create a more flexible working environment.
10. According to our for today, we need to have 500 units checked, packed and despatched
by lunchtime.
11. We're going to have a busy day, with meetings all morning, a staff development workshop in the
afternoon, and a in-between.
12. Frequent by the union are holding up production and losing us money.
23
FINANCE
17.
5 National
Unit 0000 central banks (NCBs)
Bank of England raises interest rate to 5%

1. Mortgage repayments, along with the cost of 6. Many homeowners will face higher monthly bills
overdrafts and credit card debts, are set to rise after through increased mortgage costs, especially those
the Bank of England surprised the City yesterday with variable rate and base-rate tracker mortgages.
by announcing its first rise in interest rates for If mortgage lenders pass on the rise in full, it will
more than a year.
add around £20 to the monthly repayments on a
2. News of the quarter-point rise to 5% was
£100,000 mortgage. According to Sarah Parker of
cautiously welcomed by some financial
the Family Income Monitoring Unit, the average
institutions, but was largely condemned by
industry and trades unions. family will need to find around another £40 a
3. A statement from the Bank of England’s month.
monetary policy committee said that strong 7. Few analysts predicted a rate increase, and some
growth, a recent recovery in consumer spending, had even been expecting a decrease to help boost a
buoyant export markets and signs of a pick-up in subdued housing market. Many were talking about
investments meant that action was necessary in the increase being a pre-emptive strike, with the
order to meet the government’s 2.5% inflation small increase in borrowing costs now intended to
target. ward off the need for a more painful rise later.
4. The statement said: “With inflation likely to
8. In the City’s money markets, however, there
remain above target for some while, it was judged
were expectations of a further tightening of the
necessary to bring consumer prices inflation back
Bank’s policy and further interest rate rises -
to target in the medium term.”
5. A response from the London Board of perhaps up to 5.75% – unfolding over the next
Businesses and Exporters described the move as twelve months. Fears that further rate increases
premature, and likely to damage businesses, would affect consumer spending wiped £17bn off
especially those dependent on export earnings. the value of the London stock market.
A. Choose the definition which is closest to the meaning in the article.
1. the City (paragraph 1)

a. the people of London b. financial professionals working in London
2. a quarter-point rise (paragraph 2)

a. a 0.25% rise b. a 2.5% rise
3. consumer spending (paragraph 3)

a. money spent by businesses b. money spent by ordinary people
4. a pick-up in investments (paragraph 3)

a. an increase in share prices b. a drop in share prices
5. in the medium term (paragraph 4)

a. over the next few months b. over the next few years
6. a pre-emptive strike (paragraph 7)

a. an action taken before it becomes necessary b. an action taken after it becomes necessary
38
FINANCE
B. Find words in the article with the same meaning as the following.
7. steady economic expansion (paragraph 3) s______________ g______________
8. higher than desired (paragraph 4) a______________ t______________
9. too soon (paragraph 5) p______________
10. avoid (paragraph 7) w______________ o______________
11. occurring (paragraph 8) u______________
C. Complete the definitions.

12. The move was condemned by industry means businesspeople thought the action was ____________
a. a good thing b. a bad thing c. neither good nor bad
13. Most banks passed on the 0.25% rise in full means that most banks increased their lending
rates by…
a. less than 0.25% b. 0.25% c. more than 0.25%
14. Base-rate tracker mortgages are ____________ the Bank of England's interest rate.
a. lower than b. the same as c. linked to
15. I'll need to find an extra £40 a month means that I'll have to ____________ another £40 a month.
a. pay b. earn c. save
16. A further tightening of policy is another ____________

a. review of targets b. policy reversal c. unpopular implementation of policy
17. £17bn was wiped off the value of the London stock market means that
a. fewer shares were traded in the UK b. UK share prices mostly went down
c. a lot of UK companies went bankrupt
D. Which of the following are not usually done by the NCBs of Developed
Economies?
a. Implement the government's monetary policy
b. Decide monetary policy
c. Hold reserves of foreign currency
d. Hold reserves of gold
e. Hold reserves of jewels and valuable paintings
f. Set exchange rates
g. Help the government manage the exchange rate if necessary
h. Manage the government's accounts
i. Provide current accounts for businesses
j. Issue banknotes
k. Control the money supply
l. Control banks' lending rates
m. Manage share issues
39
HR
general vocabulary
Word building 3: Nouns 2

Look at the adjectives in bold in the first sentence of each pair, and decide if the word in bold in the
second sentence is the correct noun form of that adjective. If it is wrong, change it so that it is correct. The
first one has been done as an example.
1. I am responsible for the welfare of the workers in my department.

I have overall responsibleness for the welfare of the workers in my department.
Wrong. The correct word is responsibility
2. The managing director is totally confident that the turnover will increase rapidly.
The managing director has total confidentiality in the turnover increasing rapidly.
3. The chairman questioned whether she was eligible to stand for re-election.
The chairman questioned her eligibility to stand for re-election.
4. They remarked that the sales director was incompetent.

They remarked on the incompetential of the sales director.
5. The company's pricing policy is not flexible.

There is no flexibleness in the company's pricing policy.
6. As a non-profit making organisation, we are exempt from paying taxes.

As a non-profit making organisation, we can claim tax exemptiality.
7. Being physically disabled is not considered a disadvantage in this company.

Physical disablence is not considered a disadvantage in this company.
8. The report criticized the sales staff as being inefficient.

The report criticized the inefficiency of the sales staff.
9. In what way is a junior manager different from a managerial assistant?

What's the differention between a junior manager and a managerial assistant?
10. Could you call us as soon as it is convenient for you?

Could you call us at your earliest convenientity.
11. The manager wasn't sympathetic to her staff who complained of being overworked.
The manager had no sympatheticness for her staff who complained of being overworked.
12. Everybody said how accurate the plans were.

Everyone commented on the accuration of the plans.
13. She's a very capable manager.

She has very good managerial capablence.
14. This test will help us to assess how intelligent the candidates are.
This test will help us to assess the candidates' intelligentness.
15. The aim of the advertising campaign is to keep customers loyal.

12 The aim of the advertising campaign is to keep customer loyalty.
Page 29
MARKETING
Page 30
FINANCE
18.
6 National
Unit 0000 economies and international trade
A. Match the terms with the definitions.
1. trade surplus a. Money owed by a country to foreign creditors

b. The accounts setting out a country's transactions with the
2. trade deficit
rest of the world
3. balance of trade c. The value of a country's imports exceeds its exports
4. balance of payments d. The accounts setting out a country's total imports and
exports.
5. external debt
e. The value of a country's exports exceeds its imports
6. debt servicing f. Expansion of the economy
7. devaluation g. The value of all the goods and services produced by an
economy over a period (e.g. one year).
8. growth
h. Contraction of the economy
9. recession i. GDP plus other forms of income such as interest, profits and
10. gross domestic product (GDP) dividends received from abroad.
j. The national income divided by the population
11. gross national product (GNP)
k. The payment of interest on debts
12. national per capita income l. Reduction in the value of a currency
B. Look at these sentences about the economy of the United Kingdom. Do you
think the answers are TRUE or FALSE? (If you don't know, guess.)
1. The UK is a market economy. TRUE / FALSE
2. Most major industries are state-owned. TRUE / FALSE
3. Many state-owned industries were privatised in the 1980s. TRUE / FALSE
4. The pound was floated in 2006. TRUE / FALSE
5. The UK owes several trillion pounds to the IMF (International Monetary Fund). TRUE / FALSE
6. The UK spends nearly a quarter of its GNP on servicing external debt. TRUE / FALSE
7. The UK has never experienced hyperinflation. TRUE / FALSE
8. The UK has never had a trade deficit. TRUE / FALSE
9. In 2006 the UK economy shrank slightly. TRUE / FALSE
10. From 1990 to 2005, the UK economy experienced double-digit growth. TRUE / FALSE
40
FINANCE
C. Write the words into the spaces in the sentences.

"boom and bust" 앫 budget deficit 앫 budget surplus
crops 앫 deregulation 앫 disposable income
free trade 앫 globalisation 앫 industrial base
infrastructure 앫 market forces 앫 natural resources
private sector 앫 public sector 앫 quota
Retail Price Index (RPI) 앫 social security 앫 subsidies
trade barrier 앫 trading partners
1. European farmers receive large sums of EU money in the form of _______________.
2. If government expenditure is higher than government income, the result is a _______________.
3. If government income is higher than government expenditure, the result is a _______________.
4. In a _______________ economy periods of growth are followed by periods of recession.
5. People who work for state-owned organisations such as public hospitals and state schools work in
the _______________.
6. People who work for privately-owned organisations work in the _______________.
7. Payments by the government to people with little or no other income is called _______________.
8. Buildings, roads, railway lines, telephone networks and power supplies are all part of a country's
_______________.
9. A limit on the amount of particular type of import is a _______________.
10. Import tariffs and quotas are types of _______________.
11. The absence of trade barriers is known as _______________.
12. Britain's most important _______________ are France, Germany and the USA.
13. "The world is one big market". This is one way of describing _______________.
14. The world price of coffee is not fixed. It is largely controlled by _______________.
15. When a government makes something easier and less bureaucratic, this is called _______________.
16. One of the main ways to measure inflation is the _______________ which is based on the prices of
goods and services.
17. The money people have after paying for food, housing and other necessities
is called _______________.
18. Manufacturing, mining and oil refining are parts of the UK's ______________.
19. Oil, coal and water are _______________.
20. Wheat, potatoes and apples are _______________.
41
MARKETING
report
price
brief
target
budget
research
distribute
sponsor
select
insert
relaunch
buy
advertise
sample
Page 33
HR
general vocabulary
Unit 0000
Changes
Exercise 1: Verbs
Complete these sentences with a verb from the box. In some cases, more than one answer may be possible.
You will need to change the form of the verb in many cases. The first one has been done as an example.
adapt adjust alter decrease demote deteriorate downgrade

downsize enforce expand increase lay off phase in promote
redeploy reduce relax release relocate renew renovate
replace retire streamline
1. In order to streamline distribution services, we are installing a new, more efficient computer
system.
promoted
2. Because of her excellent work, she will be ________ from salesperson to manager.
renovated
3. The company will close for two weeks while the offices are being ________.
increased
4. The good news this year is that company profits have ________ faster than the rate of inflation.
renewed
5. His contract was initially for five years, but it has recently been ________ for another three years.
release
6. When I wanted to leave the company early, the management refused to ________ me from my
contract.
retire
7. Older staff are being encouraged to ________ early.
redeployed (reassigned/ redistributed)
8. We closed the design department and ________ the workforce to the publicity department.
expanded
9. We have ________ our sales force in order to cope with the extra demand for our products.
(make less strict/less rigid)

10. relax the company rules on dress codes: from now on, office staff
The company has decided to ________
are not required to wear suits.
11. have decreased

Our share of the domestic market has been much bigger since imports ________.
enforce
12. The company has decided to ________ the rules on smoking: from now on, anyone caught smoking
on company premises will be fined.
demoted
13. He was ________ from manager to salesperson because of his poor handling of the department.
replace
14. Over the next two years, we will ________ all our salaried staff with freelancers.
deteriorated (got worse)
15. The quality of work in the office has ________ badly since the old manager left.
adjusted
16. Salaries will be ________ to bring them in line with the higher rate of inflation.
34
HR
general vocabulary
reduce
17. We must expenditure if we want to stay in business.
phased in (introduced gradually)
18. The new system of pension contributions will be over the next two months.
adapt
19. The staff are finding it hard to to the new style of management.
(sack/dismiss)
lay off
20. Because of poor demand for our products, we have had to 20 workers.
relocated
21. When the company closed its London offices, the staff were to other offices around the
country.
22. Until recently the most senior position in the company was European Sales Manager, but this was
downgraded when the new post of International Sales Director was created.
downsize (reduce the number of workers)

23. In order to make the company more profitable, we have to the workforce from 108 to
about 60.
alter (amend/modify/change)
24. We need to some of the terms of the contract before we make a final decision.
Exercise 2: Nouns
The verbs in the first box can also be nouns, or they can be made into nouns by changing the end of the
word. Match the verbs with the instructions in the second box so that they become nouns. There is an
example in the second box.
retire
No change (for example: decrease)
C. Remove e and add -ing
D. Remove e and add -ion A quite easy exercise
Add -ment
Remove d and add -sion
Remove e and add -tion
35
FINANCE
20.
7 Profit
Unit 0000 and loss accounts
Parker Publishing Group Plc

Summary Profit and Loss Account
Audited for the year to March 31st 2007
£ million
__________________________________________________________________________
Income
Revenue from main business, magazine publishing: 228
Revenue from other activities: 17
Total turnover: 245
__________________________________________________________________________
Expenses
Pay and other employee costs: 69
Depreciation of fixed assets: 3
Selling and marketing costs: 38
Other operational costs: 61
Total operating costs: 171
__________________________________________________________________________
Profits
Operating profit: 157
Profit from sale of fixed assets: 6
Net interest payable: 2
Profit before tax: 149
Tax: 32
Profit after tax: 117
Shareholder dividends: 55
Profit retained in the business: 62
Earnings per share: 17.4p
A. Match the words from the account summary with the definitions.
1. audited a. reduction in value of an asset over time
2. revenue b. money paid to shareholders
3. turnover c. asset purchased for long-term use, such as land, buildings and equipment
4. fixed asset d. after any deductions
5. depreciation e. accounts checked by an independent examiner
6. net f. a person who has invested in the company through buying shares
7. shareholder g. income
8. dividend h. total income
44
FINANCE
B. Look at the account summary, and answer true or false.

1. Turnover is income after outgoings have been deducted. Turnover is total income TRUE / FALSE
2. Salaries and wages were the only major operating cost. Others were depreciation of fixed TRUE / FALSE assets and selling and marketing cost
3. Depreciation of fixed assets seriously reduced operating profits. The reduction was small TRUE / FALSE
4. Parker Publishing spent a lot on sales and marketing. nearly a quarter of their total expenses TRUE / FALSE
5. The company sold some assets. TRUE / FALSE
6. Nearly all the profits went to the shareholders. less than half went to the shareholders TRUE / FALSE
7. Dividends were only 17.4p per shareholder. Dividends were 17.4p per share TRUE / FALSE
8. It was a very bad year for Parker Publishing. They made a decent/considerable profit TRUE / FALSE
C. Choose the best words to fill the spaces.

1. The year to March 31st can also be called the year __________ March 31st.
a. finishing b. ending c. terminating
2. Another term for "main business" is __________ business.

a. central b. first c. core
3. A company which makes a profit can be described as profitable or __________.

a. profit-getting b. profit-making c. profit-having
4. A company which makes a loss can be described as __________.

a. loss-getting b. loss-making c. loss-having
5. "Profit before tax" can also be called __________.

a. pre-tax profit b. without-tax profit c. non-tax profit
6. Another word for shareholders (especially in American English) is __________.

a. ticket-holders b. stockholders c. paper-holder
7. Another word for "operating costs" is __________.

a. overheads b. headings c. heads
8. A company which makes neither a profit or a loss is said to __________.

a. fall even b. drop even c. break even
The profit and loss account summary on the previous page is simplified.
45
HR
general vocabulary
Two-word expressions
Unit 00002
Hidden in the two boxes below there are 39 expressions which use two words. The first word of each
expression can be found in the first box, and the second word can be found in the second box. The words
can be found by reading from left to right ()) only. Set yourself a time limit of 10 minutes to see how many
you can find. One word in the second box can be used twice.
Examples: track record body language
v i s o r r
r e s t r
t i a r y r r
t r a c k r
h o t o
v i m
a a p
t v e
o s k
s t t
o r o r
c i v
o s e
y o t i c e d r e s s
n e g l i c e n c e b a r g a i n i n g
m e s h p r o c e d u r e w o r k i n g
a c t i o n i n t e r v i e w s t a f f
o p p o r t u n i t i e s d e s k i n g
s e c t o r d i s c r i m i n a t i o n
d i s m i s s a l t i m e c l i m a t e
l a n g u a g e p a t h d y n a m i c s
d i s c r i m i n a t i o n r e c o r d
i n v e n t o r y t i m e d i s p u t e
c o v e n a n t c o d e o v e r l o a d
a r b i t r a t i o n s c r e e n i n g
d r i f t r e f e r e n c e p e r i o d
t r a c k d r i v e n t i m e s c a l e
s o l v i n g p a c k a g e p a y
25
MARKETING
commercially
legally
(healthy)
financially
accurately
voluntarily
privately
competitively
temporarily
internally
directly
Page 39
FINANCE
21.
8 Balance
Unit 0000 sheets
Parker Publishing Group Plc

Balance Sheet
Audited for the year to March 31st 2007
£ million
____________________________________________________________________________
Fixed assets
Property 47
Fleet 9
Computers and other equipment 2
Total fixed assets: 58
____________________________________________________________________________
Current assets
Stock 5
Money outstanding 12
Other current assets 2
Total current assets: 19
____________________________________________________________________________
Liabilities
Current liabilities: 7
Long-term liabilities: 23
____________________________________________________________________________
Assets less liabilities: 47
____________________________________________________________________________
Money invested in Parker Publishing
Share capital (40m 50p shares) 20
Reserves: 98
Total: 118
A. Match the words from the balance sheet with the definitions.
1. property a. vehicles (cars, delivery vans, lorries etc.)

2. fleet b. not yet paid (in this case, not yet paid to Parker Publishing)
3. stock c. money in deposited in bank accounts
4. outstanding d. land, buildings and parts of buildings
5. current liabilities e. money which must be paid out within one year
6. long-term liabilities f. money which must be paid out after one year
7. share capital g. goods not yet sold (inventory)
8. reserves h. money raised by issuing shares in the company
The balance sheet above is simplified.
46
FINANCE
B. Write the words into the spaces.
arm 앫 cash flow 앫 founded 앫 in its own right

liabilities 앫 outstanding 앫 pounds' worth 앫 sale or return
subsidiary 앫 tied up 앫 trading 앫 went public
founded
Parker Publishing was 1_________________ in 1872 by Hieronymous Parker, originally as the publisher of a
religious periodical called The Preacher. It now specialises in lifestyle magazines, and, through its
subsidiary (branch)
2_________________ Tekpress, also publishes several highly successful periodicals on consumer interest
arm
subjects such as computing and hi-fi. The distribution 3________________ also distributes magazines from
in its own right (by itself)
other publishers, and has become highly profitable 4_________________.
(issued shares for investors)

went public
The company 5_________________ in 1987. The shares, originally priced at 50p, are
trading
6_________________ at the time of writing for around £3.20.
cash flow
Like many magazine publishers, Parker are vulnerable to 7_________________ problems. As their
sale or return
magazines are on 8_________________, outsanding
they usually have millions of pounds 9_________________ from
liabilities
retailers, and have 10_________________ of several million more in printers' bills. In addition they have to
tied up
keep large sums of money 11_________________ in stock – the firm's warehouses in London and
pound's worth
Manchester usually contain around five million 12_________________ of magazines.
C. Look at the article above and the balance sheet on the opposite page. Answer
the questions.
1. What are Parker Publishing's main current liabilities?

a. money owed to other companies (particularly printers).
b. salaries and wages
2. The article doesn't mention long-term liabilities. In the case of Parker Publishing are these more likely to
be…?
a. money that must be paid to printers in the distant future.
b. repayments on a bank loans used to buy a fleet of lorries and the warehouse in Manchester.
3. The company's share capital is £20m. Does this mean that…?

a. their shares are currently worth a total of £20m
b. the shares were worth £20m when issued, but are now worth much more
4. What's the company currently worth?

a. £20,000,000
b. £98,000,000
c. £118,000,000
47
HR
general vocabulary
A career case history

Part 1
In this text, you have been given the first two letters of some missing words and expressions. You will find
the other parts of the words in the box. The first one has been done for you.
—
— — — — —lled in
—op floor — —
—y off —
Ian Woodham left college and decided to 1. ap ply for a job which he saw advertised in the local
paper. He 2. fi lled in the 3. application form that the company sent him, and a week later he was
asked to 4. at tend an 5. interview . He was 6. of fered the job that same day.
As he lived in a small town outside the city, he had to 7. co mmute every day. He was a 8.
hi gh achiever and so very soon was 9. pr omoted to a better position. However, the company he
worked for was having problems. Two people were 10. dismissed for 11. embezzlement from the
petty cash box, three got the 12. sa ck (were fired) for continual 13. ab senteeism , two of their friends
14. resigned in sympathy and then most of the workforce 15. wa lked out in support. A few
weeks later, the directors decided to 16. lay off fifteen 17. sh op floor workers because there
wasn't enough work, and the managing director decided to 18. re tire early. The atmosphere
was so bad that Ian eventually decided to 19. ha nd in his 20. notice (notification
. of an upcoming resignation)
Part 2
In this text, the first letter of each word in bold is in the correct place, but the other letters have been mixed
up. Rearrange the letters to make words.
unemployed job hunting (job search)

Ian couldn't afford to be 21. upedmloyen, however, so he started 22. jbo hgnnuti again. A
vacancy (empty post) salesman
computer company had a 23. vnyaacc for position of 24. smlesana. A lot of 25. cidnteadsa candidates
qualifications with good 26. qnafsuliictioa and 27. eeerinepcx applied, and Ian was one of them. After all the experience
shortlist interviews had finished, the directors made a 28. striotlsh of the best 29. anpipctlsa, then applicants
invited them back for another interview. After a lot of discussion, they 30. apndoipet Ian. appointed
salary per annum (per year)

Ian was delighted. After all, he would receive a 31. slyraa of £25,000 32. pre amunn, with a 5%
increment (rise) 33. iteenmncr twice a year, a 34. csnmioiosm for each computer he managed to sell, excellent commission
perks (advantages) 35. psrke such as private health insurance and a company car, a company 36. pnosnie plan to pension
make sure he would be well-off when he retired, and the chance of 37. pmotoonir to the promotion
position of sales manager. All in all, his future 38. psocrsept looked excellent. prospects (chances of sucess)
38
Page 42
© Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. For reference see Dictionary of Human Resources and Personnel Management (ISBN 0 7475 6623 2)
FINANCE
26.
9 Banking
Unit 0000 and financial problems
A. Write the problem in the correct box.
capital flight 앫 conflict of interests 앫 credit card cloning

embezzlement 앫 foreclosure 앫 forgery
fraud 앫 identity theft 앫 insider dealing / trading
insolvency 앫 money laundering 앫 undercapitalisation
foreclosure (la saisie in French)

_______________________ conflict of interest
_______________________ undercapitalization
_______________________
Lemon Industries borrowed Susan Green is a scientist. Shootemup is a developer of

money to buy a new factory. She has been appointed by computer games. Producing
They have been unable to the government to new computer games is
repay the loan. The factory investigate any health risks expensive, and they don't
was the security for the connected with fizzy drinks.
loan, and the bank is now However, she also regularly have enough money to
going to take possession of works as a consultant for bring out new games as
it and sell it to recover the ColaCo, a major fizzy drinks often as their competitors.
debt. manufacturer.
identity theft insider dealing/trading

_______________________ _______________________ _______________________
Jane Jackson looked at her money laundring

Greg Davis knew that his
bank statement, and found company was secretly
that somebody had used her A criminal gang used money planning to buy a profitable
bank details to pay for 1,000 from drug-dealing to buy subsidiary. He bought a lot
antiques for cash, which of shares in his own
litres of diesel fuel in company. When the
Moscow. She has never they then sold at public
acquisition was announced,
been to Russia. auction. the share price went up, and
he made a lot of money.
capital flight (people take their

_______________________ embezzlement
_______________________ credit card cloning
_______________________
capital to safer countries)
theft of funds placed in one's trust
The democratically elected When Ian Barlow paid for a
president of the country was restaurant meal, the waiter
deposed in a military coup. Until she was discovered, took his credit card away for
Many investors withdrew Tina Edwards managed to several minutes. A month
their capital in order to steal £100,000 from the later, Ian found that a copy
deposit it in other countries. pension fund she was of his card had been used to
managing. buy some diamonds in
Colombia.
_______________________ insolvency
_______________________ _______________________
Fraud
Turkey Trading owe large forgery
Geoff Parker persuaded sums of money to several
several people to invest creditors. There is virtually Using some special paper
substantial sums of money no chance that they will be and a colour photocopier,
in a company which didn't able to repay these debts, Henry Black has been
exist. He then took the and the company will making counterfeit 100 euro
money and disappeared. probably go into liquidation. notes in his garden shed.
56
FINANCE
B. Choose the best words to go into each space.

1. An insolvent company often goes into liquidation. A private individual who cannot pay his/her debts may
be declared __________ by a court.
a. bankrupt b. indebted c. penniless
2. A bankrupt person's __________ can be taken and used to repay his/her debts.
a. things b. items c. property
3. A person who has not yet completed this process is called an ___________ bankrupt
a. unfinished b. incomplete c. undischarged
4. The technical meaning of insolvency is that a person or company's __________ exceed their assets.
a. payments b. liabilities c. expenses
5. When a limited company* becomes insolvent, it is likely to go into __________.

a. liquid b. liquidity c. liquidation
6. The person responsible for winding up a company which has gone into liquidation is called the
__________.
a. liquid b. liquidator c. liquidiser
7. When all the assets of a company have been used as security for a loan, and the company defaults on
repayments, the lender may force the company to go into ___________.
a. receivership b. reception c. reciprocation.
8. In this case, a receiver will be appointed to __________ the assets of the company in order to repay the
debt.
a. sell b. trade c. realise
9. A mistake in an account is often called a _________.

a. disturbance b. distraction c. discrepancy
10. Supermarket chains have a __________ interest in keeping agricultural subsidies high, as they make food
cheaper to buy from farmers.
a. invested b. vested c. vestal
11. A force majeure is an __________ event such as strike, riot or natural disaster which prevents a contract
from being __________.
a. unforeseen / fulfilled b. unseen / fulfilled c. unforeseen / filled
12. Many contracts contain a force majeure __________ to cover this situation.
a. sentence b. phrase c. clause
* A limited company is a company whose members have only limited liability for that company's debts. In
other words, if the company cannot pay its debts, the members of the company don't have to pay the debts
out of their own pockets.
57
MARKETING
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Page 45
FINANCE
27.
10 Numbers
Unit 0000 and statistics
A. Match the numbers with the phrases.

1. 1,000,000 a. one percent
2. 1,000,000,000 b. a thousand
3. 1,000,000,000,000 c. a trillion
4. 1% d. "nought point oh oh one percent"
5. 0.1% e. "nought point oh one percent"
6. 0.01% f. "nought point one percent"
7. 0.001% g. a billion (often written 1bn)
8. >1 h. a million (often written 1m)
9. <1 i. greater than 1
10. 욷1 j. greater than or equal to 1
11. 울1 k. less than or equal to one
12. 1k l. less than one
Notes
For American English, change nought and oh to zero: 0.01 = "zero point zero one"
An alternative to "nought point one" is "point one".
In the past the US and the UK had different meanings for billion and trillion. Occasionally, therefore, in the
UK, billion may mean [1 plus 12 zeros], and trillion may mean [1 + 18 zeros].
B. Match the numbers with the phrases.
1. 3-2 a. the square root of three
2. 3+2 b. three cubed
3. 3x2 c. three divided by two (or three over two)
4. 3/2 d. three minus two
5. 32 e. three multiplied by two (or three times two or three by two)
6. 33 f. three plus two
7. 310 g. three squared
8. √3 h. three to the power of ten (or three to the tenth)
58
FINANCE
c. Answer the questions.

1. "Three plus two __________ five." Which is not possible?
a. equals b. makes c. is d. comes to e. does
2. Which is not a very usual way to say $7.90?

a. seven ninety b. seven dollars ninety c. seven dollars and ninety cents
d. seven point nine dollars
3. Choose the best words to fill the spaces

In PC Planet, the Micron X9000 desktop computer _________ $999.95.
a. is for sale at b. retails at c. is bought at
4. I'll work it out and give you the __________ tomorrow morning.
a. figures b. numbers c. numerals
5. "I don't care how you worked it out. Just tell me the bottom line." Bottom line =
a. amount of profit b. final result of a calculation c. total losses
6. What's the best way to say anna.brown@globalindustries.com

a. "Anna point brown at global industries dot com"
b. "Anna dot brown at global industries dot com"
7. Alan earns £10k a year, Bella earns £20k a year and Cathy earns £60k a year. What's their mean
annual income?
a. £20,000 b. £30,000 c. £60,000
8. Reference code 14/689G. What's the best way to say this?

a. "fourteen slash six eight nine G" b. "fourteen, six hundred and eighty-nine G"
9. The subtotal of credits is £8m and the subtotal of debits is £10m. What's the total?
a. "less two million pounds" b. "negative two million pounds"
c. "minus two million pounds"
10. In most English-speaking countries, how do you write "minus two thousand five hundred and
seventy"?
a. –2.570 b. 2.570– c. –2,570
11. Which two are not another way to say "about fifty"
a. around fifty b. fifty-ish c. fifty, up or down
d. fifty, more or less e. fifty or thereabouts f. fifty or so
g. in the region of fifty h. on the fifty i. fifty, give or take
59

English For Business Studies Coursepack S5

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

English For Business Studies Coursepack S5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ENGLISH FOR BUSINESS STUDIES

Compiled by Prof. A. BZIOUI

1. Money – the basics

A. Put the correct word in each space.

account 앫 back 앫 banknotes 앫 borrowed

2. In the United Kingdom, "a tenner" means a ten pound _______________.

4. Hundred dollar bills and twenty pound notes are _______________.

5. 2,000,000 Swiss francs is a large _______________ of money.

6. I need to _______________ some Euros into Australian dollars.

7. My friend _______________ a hundred pounds from me.

9. I buy a lottery ticket every week, but I never _______________ anything.

10. Most dentists _______________ at least £30,000 a year.

12. In business, you have to _______________ money to make money.

13. A: Do you have a bank _______________?

B: Yes. I bank with the Bank of Scotland.

14. In my opinion, eating in expensive restaurants is a _______________ of money.

C. Choose the correct word.

3. In a shop, to get a refund, you usually have to show the ___________.

4. I'm paying for my new car in 36 monthly __________.

5. I earn a lot of money, but I have a lot of _________.

6. Famous paintings are usually sold by __________.

8. In Japan, the US dollar is __________ .

9. In Britain, it's not usual to discuss your personal __________

10. You can _________ a house and __________ a car.

11. Here's the fifty dollars I __________.

12. The best things in life are __________.

D. Find the opposites of these words A R P P U F O L O E

A. People can desire a product even though it has no benefits.

B. People sometimes use features and benefits to rationalize their desire.

C. Features when coupled with desire equal benefit sought.

2. Which groups make up the Innovation Adopter Curve?

A. Undifferentiated, Concentrated, Multi-segmented, Micro-segmented

B. Introductory, Growth, Maturity, Declining

C. Baby Boomers, Generation X, Generation Y, Millennials, Internet Generation

D. Innovators, Early Adopters, Early Majority, Late Majority, Laggards

3. What does the D stand for in AIDA stand for?

4. Style-conscious, tech-savvy, prematurely affluent, independent, socially and environmentally

D. Mature or silent Generation

 A. Infant and Maturity Stages

B. Introductory Maturity Stages

D. Introductory and Growth Stages

6. The first step in the SAM 6 process is:

 A. Concepts: Marketers need to understand marketing concepts

 B. Competence. A competent marketer has a working knowledge of marketing terms

C. Clarity: Marketers need a clear understanding of marketing terms

D. Credentials: Marketers need defined skills to succeed

7. __________________ indicates the number of people who receive a message.

We asked our accountant for advice about our tax.

These ‘formal’ words are often verbs.

1. We need to examine in detail the market potential of these new products.

2. The value of the business was calculated to be £5 million.

4. It will be the HR manager's job to organise the induction programme.

5. He was given the job of checking the sales figures.

6. The contract was cancelled by the court.

8. When he was dismissed, he asked his union for support.

9. The chairman spoke to the sales team.

12. We are waiting for the decision of the planning department.

13. Prices will be changed according to the current rate of inflation.

14. The chairman stopped the meeting until 3 o'clock.

15. We have chosen a new distribution manager.

16. Production costs are shared according to projected revenue.

19. Can you help me with these income tax returns?

A. Choose the correct words.

10. You can _ a house and __ a car.