ENVIRONMENTAL

AUDIT AN
EXISTING
NON-DOMESTIC
BUILDING

for

Living Space

at

1 Coral Street, Waterloo,

SE1 7BE

Checked by: DJ Prepared By:

Issue date: 09/11/2007
Issue number: 2527428 Dean Jones of Jamaica Homes
Department: EPSC
Telephone: 020 8432 2740
Mobile: 079 3939 9972
REPORT CONTENTS

1 Introduction 1

Address

Tenure

Site Location

The Property

Accommodation

Floor Area

Construction Cost

2 Analysis of facade

3 Identification of plant 1

4 Other energy users 1

5 Graphs of electricity and gas consumption 1

6 Comparison of energy consumption with ECGO19 1

7 Comparison of energy consumption in £/ m2 1

8 Comparison of energy consumption in kgC/m2 1

9 Energy Metering 1

10 Suggest methods for reducing CO2 emissions 1

11 Area per person 1

12 Conclusion

Appendix A 3

Appendix B 2

General information and further reading 2

Environmental Audit of Living Space by Dean Jones – www.jamaica-homes.com 2

1A. INTRODUCTION

At the request of Living Space I was commissioned to undertaken an environmental audit of there existing
building at 1 coral street, waterloo, SE1 7BE. The report aimed to expose factors that affect the environmental
impact of the building and is intended to raise awareness of the potential to improve the energy and
environmental performance of the Living Space.

The introduction is split into two parts; the first part of the introduction is a brief description of the
properties location, accommodation, construction, age and condition and second part focuses on the energy
services of the building.

ADDRESS OF PROPERTY
1 Coral Street, Waterloo, SE1 7BE.

TENURE & OWNERSHIP

The property is freehold tenure and owned by L.B.Lambeth’s Youth Service. Initial funds came from
Lambeth Council and a regeneration agency. Being a social venture, the profit goes back into the
business, providing additional training for local people.

Living Space was designed by Lambeth Council’s Design & Technical Services and run by Lambeth
Council Children & Young
People's Service (CYPS), with the
intention being to progress the
development of the centre Map identifying location of Living
towards independence from the Space

Council, and operate as a fully self-

sufficient public social enterprise.

SITE LOCATION
Living Space is a neighborhood
education centre and community
venture based in the heart of
Waterloo. Parking on Coral Street
and surrounding streets in Waterloo
area are metered and limited.

THE PROPERTY
The Centre has been designed to

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deliver a range of new youth services exploring innovative and flexible approaches to training, employment
and education in partnership with other providers to fight young people’s experience of social exclusion.

ACCOMMODATION
The building accommodation comprises a two-storey structural glass rotunda, with on the ground floor a
seated drop-in café area and cyber café housed on the mezzanine floor. The upper floor has an office,
training and Resource rooms served by a disabled lift forming Lambeth Youth Service’s part of the
accommodation. To the rear of the ground floor are the Blackfriars Settlement Youth club facilities, opens
out on to the future adventure playground and all weather floodlight sports games court.

The cafe’s environmentally friendly design features a number of environmentally ‘Green’ concepts, such as
grass (sedum) covered green roof, where all the rainwater is harvested and re-used to flush all the toilets,
solar glazing panels to the roof and fresh air passive stacked ventilation, served from a below ground floor
plenum.

The site is also fully accessible for disabled persons. To the rear of the ground floor is Playspace, which is
managed by partner charity Blackfriars Settlement. The youth club facilities open out onto the all-weather
adventure playground and flood-lit ball-court. Beyond this, the site extends to include the Millennium
Green, which is managed and maintained by Waterloo Green Trust.

FLOOR AREA
The centre consists of approximately 600m2 of floor space.

CONSTRUCTION COST
The total construction cost of the building was approximately £1,280,000 which calculates to £2,133 per
m2.

1B. ENERGY SERVICES

FLOOR AREA
Renewable energy comes from sources with no climate change effect. The building has incorporated solar
power that uses the sun’s energy either to generate electricity. The system was intended to generate 1,100
kW per annum, with a CO2 saving of 770kg per annum. The generated power is fed directly into the
center’s distribution board and used by any electrical appliance operating at the time of generation. Jo
Smith the centre’s business manager at Living Space further explained that it generates just enough
electricity to power a laptop on a summer day, but far less in cloudy whether conditions i.e. winter. The
system comprises a large central rotunda rooflight of 8 x Saint-Gobain 40W poly-crystalline glass
laminates with an area of 16m2. The rotunda roof houses 8 solar bins with an additional area of 7.5m2, con-

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sisting of 16 AstroPower 45W mono-crystalline modules installed on alu-minium Alu-Tec frames giving
re-quired air circulation. The fascia panels providing the final 16m2 of area, were an innovative idea of
wrapping 18 x UNI–Solar 64W thin film triple junction modules, around the fascia of the rotunda, above
the Reglit glazing. This was its first industrial use in a curved application which out-performs other
technologies in low light conditions.

• A display panel in the café informs visitors of the amount of solar electricity generated since
system installation, and tones of carbon dioxide CO2 emissions the installation has prevented.
• The building required a PV Generation agreement for the generation of solar power.
• System size 2 KWp predicted to generate 1,100 kWh per annum.
• CO2 saved calculated was at approximately 770kg per annum.
• System undertaken by normal electrical and roofing contractors, with training and supervision
from Solar Century. The installation took 7 working days.
• The solar power produced is fed directly into the Centre’s distribution board and used by any loads
operating at the time of generation.

8No Solar bin on roof giving an area of 7.5m2 16 x AstroPower 45W monocrystalline modules.
The monocrystalline modules were installed onto the flat grass roof using an aluminium AluTec
frame, raised above the roof to give the required air circulation, with a pebble surround

Inverter 20 x NKF OKE4 100W inverters. Inside the Centre a Solar display panel shows visitors
(i) How much Solar Electricity is presently being produced by the combined area of panels (ii)
Total amount of Solar Electricity has been generated since the system was installed(iii) Total
amount of tonnes of carbon Dioxide CO2 emissions the PV installation has prevented to
date.

Rain re-cycling tank

Roof and terrace area of 360 m2 gives about 94,000 litres of
recycled water for use in flushing toilets, stored in below ground,
in a Eco-Vat Rainwater Harvesting tank 4.500 long X 2.800
diameter with internal nominal capacity of 20m3 or 20,000 litres
buried 4.500 mm below ground. Rainwater after filtering and
treatment is then pumped up to a 500 Litre header tank. Installed
within the tank is a heat exchanger, which provides cooled air for
pumping into the sealed plenum during the summer period.

Rainwater Harvesting
It is possible to collect, 1700 litres of rainwater off a typical roof of 100m2, for every 25mm of
rainfall. For a typical 640mm of rain a year in the South East 120 litres a day can be collected.
The SBYRC roof can collect 156,600 litres a year or an average of 430 litres a day. Assuming a

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40% reduction for the take up of the Green Roof, that would give 94,000 litres a year or an
average of 260 litres a day, collected for use in flushing the toilet facilities. This equates to
approximately 29 flushes of the toilet a day, not charged through the water meter. When the
adventure playground is completed, the tarmac area of resurfacing is projected to increase the
amount of re-cycling rainwater to around 115,000 litres a year, or an average of 315 litres a day,
Increasing the number of toilet flushes to 35.

The roof and terrace can collect 156,600 litres of rainwater a year, averaging 430 litres a day,
which is stored below ground in a Eco-vat GRP rainwater harvesting tank. There is an installed
heat exchanger providing cooled air for the sealed plenum during the summer period. Assuming a
40% reduction for the take-up of the green roof, 94,000 litres of recycled rainwater is harvested
each year for flushing the toilets

(Diagram 1) Illustration of a rainwater recycling tank

GREEN ROOF
The roofs of both the rotunda and first floor are covered with a sedum vegetation blanket, and
water storage mineral wool drainage reservoir board. 180 m2 of laid sedum turf Erisco Bauder
Ltd.

• Gives a ‘U’ Value of 0.28 W/m2/K (Old building regs U value 0.35 W/m2/K, New building
regs U value 0.25 W/m2/K)
• Roof make up composed of the following;
• 20mm sedum vegetation blanket on
• Eco-Mat 6mm thick, 400 g/m protection and Filter Fleece on
• Xeroflor XF 107, 35mm thick water storage 80% vol, mineral wool drainage reservoir
board on

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 • Xeroflor XF 300, vegetation blanket on
• Plant-E, 5mm thick, chemically treated root resistant Capping sheet on
• G4E 4mm thick, 200 gms glassfibre reinforced elastomeric bitumen Underlayer on
• 50mm thick Eurotherm, CFC free polyurthane Insulation on
• 3.5mm thick aluminium lined elastomeric bitumen Vapour Barrier on
• metal decking

Lambeth Borough Council on 1.10.2001 held this first known ‘Green topping out ceremony’ for a
roof in London. Faith Boardman the Chief Executive undertook the execution

Plenum
There is a 300mm deep void beneath the building used for both sealed and unsealed air
plenums. Fresh air is drawn in through externally mounted louvers, and whilst stored in the
plenums its airborne temperature is naturally reduced by 4 to 5 degrees, compared to the
ambient temperature in the building. Fresh air is then supplied to the rotunda via the sealed
plenum, entering via a series of floor mounted diffuser bins at ground and mezzanine levels.

In the summer, cooling is provided via the heat exchanger in the

rainwater recycling tank. No Access at time of survey.

The unsealed plenum air is used for drawing up across the heating
elements of the fan convectors, utilizing the natural passive
movement and making a more efficient use of the heating system.
The ground floor of the Centre is utilised as a combination of
sealed and unsealed plenums, the floors are constructed to with a 300mm deep air void, forming
the supply air plenums. Fresh air is drawn through a wall-mounted louvre on Coral Street into
both the sealed and unsealed plenums. From the sealed floor void the fresh air is supplied into
the rotunda space via a series of floor mounted displacement diffuser bins. Supply air is
introduced at ground floor level via three diffuser bins and at the mezzanine level with two diffuser
bins and a high level grill.

• For calculation tank water temperature is assumed at 14°C

• Sealed plenum of 120m2 giving a total volume of 36m3 or 36,000 litres
• Unsealed plenum of 200m2 giving a total volume of 60m3 or 60,000 litres
• Plenum construction of 75mm zone of Timber floor with 25mm insulation between
bearers on, beam and block construction, with 300mm plenum above 100mm over site
concrete gives a, ‘U’ Value of 0.28 W/m2/K.
• Plenum construction of 75mm screed on 25mm insulation on, beam and block
construction, with 300mm plenum above 100mm over site concrete gives a, ‘U’ Value of
0.26 W/m2/K.

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 • (Old building regs U value 0.35 W/m2/K, New building regs U value 0.25 W/m2/K)

Cavity construction: Ground floor U value of 0.3 W/m2/K (Old building regs U value 0.45
W/m2/K, New building regs U value 0.35 W/m2/K)
13mm Plaster
140mm internal blockwork
50mm cavity insulation
50mm air gap
102mm glazed brickwork

First floor U value of 0.2.6 W/m2/K (Old building regs U value 0.45 W/m2/K, New building regs U
value 0.35 W/m2/K)
13mm Plaster
140mm internal blockwork
50mm cavity insulation
50mm air gap
100mm blockwork
20mm render
Rotunda: Has an internal volume of 500m3 or 500,000 litres
The rotunda has a ground floor area of 72m2 and a mezzanine floor area of 56m2 giving a total
of 128m2 of floor area in the rotunda.

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2. ANALYSIS OF FAÇADE

This section of the report analysis the principal face of the building, (Fig 1 Façade)
otherwise known of the Façade. Like meeting a person for the first
time the attractive rotunda façade of ‘Living Space’ is elaborate and
visually impressive which in turn sets the tone for the rest of the
building.

The building was conceptually designed in the late nineties, however,

the colour, texture and architectural details are still ‘in’ in terms of gaining a fabulous curb appeal. The
construction design suits the buildings use as an internet café.

Facade materials for the building include aluminium, brick, glass and stone/render. The façade comprises a
two-storey structural glass rotunda. This emerging technology of heavily glazed façades is often associated
with buildings whose design goals include energy efficiency, sustainability, and a green image.

The costs a system like this is far higher than normal façades, but claims of energy and productivity savings
were used to justify some of them. However these claims, while plausible, remain largely unsupported.

The Reglit glass channels to the rotunda are in 5.800 meter

(Fig 1 Façade)
continuous lengths, formed from two C shaped channels interlocked
to give a U value of 0.28 W/m2/K as the standard product and 0.14
W/m2/K for the standard with insulation between channels. (Old
building regs U value 0.35 W/m2/K; new building regs U value 0.25
W/m2/K).

The roof of the rotunda is covered with a vegetation blanket, and

(Fig 2 Plan View)
water storage mineral wool drainage reservoir board. 180 m2 laid by
sedum turf Erisco Bauder Ltd.

The large square glass roof light lower RH side corner, has a area of
16m2 and comprises of 8 x Saint-Gobain 40W polycrystalline glass
laminates, 5mm toughened, 2mm solar cell layer, 5mm toughened,
6mm Argon filled air gap and 8.8mm Laminated inner.

The polycrystalline cells are integrated into the double glazed glass laminates and installed into a Standard
roof light frame with an inner layer of laminated glass.

The glass used for the construction of the rotunda ensured low
maintenance.

(Fig 4 Ceiling of Rotunda)

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Fascia Solar panels on the roof of the rotunda give an area of 16m2. There are a total of 18 x UNI-Solar
64W thin film triple junction modules.
(Fig 3 Ceiling of Rotunda)

The thin film triple junction modules are imaginatively wrapped

around the fascia of the rotunda. This was the first industrial use of
this product in a curved application above the Reglit glazing and held
in place by a metal framework. The triple junction offers a good
solution for this task, not only is it flexible and highly strong; it also
outperformed other technologies in low light conditions at the time.
With the end result being that even the modules that are not (Fig 4 Ceiling of Rotunda)

optimally orientated should still perform marginally well.

To the LH side of the rotunda comprises of 20mm thick render,

100mm block work with a 5mm air gap, 50mm cavity insulation,
14mm internal block work and 13mm plaster.

(Fig 5 Side of Building)

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3. IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT

This section of the report identifies the plant equipment in the building.

PLANT
The plant is located on the ground floor in a small room in the rotunda. It has been located close to the
toilets which it serves, the ducts therefore run over shorter a distance which means the machine does not
need to work as hard to move air around and there will also be less of a pressure drop in the system,
untimely saving electricity.

The GOLD PM-LUFT Air Handling System indicated in (Fig 1) below enables the customer to customize
an air handling system to suit his application. The system is also available in 10 other sizes that cover an air
flow range of 0.2 - 40 m3/s.

(Fig 1) Photograph of plant equipment

The recovery unit above features a rotary heat exchanger 82% efficient, direct drive fans, inverters and an
on-board control system that can be connected to the WEB across a GSM terminal.
Cost savings in terms of installation and operation have proved to be major benefits to the designer of the
system as well as the user, together with life cycle castings and comparisons with other heat recovery
methods available.

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 (Diagram 1) Illustration showing inside of the GOLD PM-LUFT Air Handling System

New fans give high energy-efficiency and low noise levels …Heat-recovery efficiency of 77% or better …
user-friendly controls and built-in test facility.

The GOLD air-handling system (Diagram 1) from PM-LUFT AB of Kvänum, Sweden is a new cost-
effective design based on low initial investment, low installation costs and low running costs combined
with high energy efficiency, quiet running and easy operation. It is particularly suitable for internet cafes.

This system handles air-flows up to 0,3m3/s (1000m3/h), has direct-driven, centrifugal fans with
backward-curved blades.

DIRECT-DRIVEN AXIAL-CENTRIFUGAL FANS

The air handling unit (Diagram 1) consists of two fan/filter sections as well as a Turbo rotary heat-recovery
unit which ensures a heat-recovery rate of 82%. Indicated on the RH side of the illustration above. The high
heat-recovery rate is achieved thanks to the unique turbulent flow structure of the rotor material (Diagram
1).

The direct-driven fans are equipped with a frequency

converter for steplessly-variable speed control. This
means that the fan speeds can be controlled accurately and
continuously, so ensuring that the required air-flows will
always be maintained.

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In addition, the fans are quiet in operation. Because the discharge air speed at the outlet of a unit is low and
uniform, further air-handling sections such as a cooler, heater and duct bends can be connected directly to
the air handling unit. The pressure drop in such a bend will be low i.e. only 5 Pascals according to the
manufacturers.

HEATING AND COOLING - SPECIAL FEATURES

Two key attributes mean the GOLD air-handling system can be used without a heating coil.. This reduces
both installation and running costs.

CONTROL SYSTEM WITH BUILT-IN TEST FACILITIES

With the air handling system, communications links from
all the functional sections, sensors and control functions
converge at a control card equipped with a
microprocessor. The control equipment is supplied
factory-wired for rapid, simple coupling to external
functions such as fire/smoke detectors, cooling etc.
A large number of functions are factory-programmed -
such as three alternatives for temperature control, three
types of airflow control, cooling energy recovery,
automatic airflow maximising of cooling operation and summer night free-cooling operation. All the
factory-programmed functions, as well as all settings for temperature, air-flow and switching clock, can be
activated from the control panel which operates in plain text.

Once the parameters have been set, the GOLD system manages itself and automatically maintains the
selected air flows. Air flows, temperatures, filter condition etc. can be checked automatically at any time.
This the GOLD air handling system is used to cool the toilet with the building, separate cooling is used fro
the main rotunda.

PM-LUFT
Swegon Ltd, Essex House, Astra Centre, Edinburgh Way, Harlow, Essex CM20 2BN Tel: 01279 416087
Fax: 01279 416076 E-mail: pmluft@harlowoffice.freeserve.co.uk
Internet: www.pm-luft.se

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9. ENERGY METERING

This section is a discussion on Energy Metering in buildings.

WHAT IS AN ENERGY METER?

It’s a meter that allows us to see the amount of electricity were
using, and our total usage. Whiles highlighting the amount of CO2
we contribute to the greenhouse effect.

“There are growing calls for gas and electricity meters to

be dusted off, brought out from the cupboard underneath the stairs, and given pride of place in
people's living rooms and kitchens.” Mark. K (2006) Bringing meters out of the closet,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4754109.stm (Accessed 15th November 2007)

Reasonable priced portable meters are now obtainable to aid us monitor the cost of running appliances
together with lighting. I believe that by having a portable energy meter around all the time will make users
more conscience about their energy consumption.
"If we don’t have a clue how much energy were using, how can
you expect people to change their actions?" Jody Jones
Presently many customers can’t understand kilowatt hours as
such the quarterly bill there supplied with does not mean a thing
to them.

WHY DO I NEED AN ENERGY METER?

Supporters of the professed meters state that the devices will transform the way we use energy, reducing
demand by up to 10%. The commercial sector in the UK is responsible for roughly two-thirds of the UK’s
CO2 emissions; as such the government has highlighted the need for better energy efficiency and said that
the aims of cutting harmful emissions meant that change in energy efficiency is back on the agenda with a
vengeance.

Energywatch, The electricity and gas consumer council, stated that

smart meters are vital if these goals are to be realised.
"People do get a lot of messages about energy and the consequences to
the environment," says Energywatch's head of campaigns, Jonathan
Stearn.

ENERGY METERS
These up-to-date metres come with functions such as: Remotely read: These do away with the need for
meters to be manually read. Meaningful displays: The meters display energy consumption in monetary
terms, rather than kilowatt hours, making it easier for people to understand. Internet meters: This

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technology is described as the smart. It allows people to closely monitor where energy is being consumed
in their homes, and where it is being wasted; i.e. devices left on standby and information can be accessed
over the internet.

More Associates developed the sophisticated prototype on the LH

side of the page. Five years ago, energy companies would have said
that's extremely fascinating but it is not for us, however everyone is
now terribly interested in finding solutions. People generally think
these meters are a good thing; however there are still hurdles to
overcome namely standardisation.

I have found that there is a amount of devices being circulation as shown in the appendics and suppliers are
afraid if customers switch suppliers, meters will become redundant i.e. not compatible. They think there
ought to be a procedure, so all devices produced are compatible.

HOWEVER WHAT BENEFITS DO THE METERS ACTUALLY DELIVER IN TERMS OF

CUTTING COSTS AND CO2 EMISSIONS?
Energywatch's Jonathan Stearn states ‘there is a direct link between smart meters and changes in people's
behavior’ In other words to reiterate if you can see how much energy/money you’re saving, you instantly
become engaged in the issue of energy efficiency. Canadian researchers showed that instantaneous meters
could reduce total use by up to 10%. The Energy Retail Association, which represents a number of energy
suppliers in the UK, supports the idea of energy metering. BBC News (2007) findings show at present only
3% of people says they will alter their long-standing energy use if they had an energy meter.

SWITCH
The initial test of the meters in the UK was introduced in March/April 2006. EDF Energy and fuel
poverty charity National Energy Action (NEA), installed 3,000 gas and electricity meters in buildings
across London and observed whether the meters lead to people changing their use of energy to reduce bills.
Do the benefits do outweighed the costs.

This is one important factor that needs to be weighed up before adopting these new technologies.

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10. METHODS FOR REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS FROM THE

BUILDING

Tackling climate change will be one of the most important things this generation does, and everyone needs
to get involved. Every day, more and more people are taking actions to help reduce carbon emissions.

In this section the report advises/recommends different methods to help lower the carbon dioxide emissions
exhibited from Living Space.

The report will clearly explain the efficacy of measures and suggest its priority; highlighting key issues.

GLAZED FACADE
The fully glazed facade that has been used in this building causes higher gas energy consumption and
thermal discomfort due to higher solar gain. The use of glazed facade system with a full ventilation system
is one way to solve these problems. Installing mechanical fans could also solve the condensation problem
due to high humidity.

OFFICE EQUIPMENT
Computer’s are in high usage due to the Living Space being an internet café i.e. high occupancy hours and
the amount of computer equipment. However it was noted at the time of the survey that none of the
computer screens are energy efficient. Upgrading to energy-efficient monitors will help save electricity i.e.
If you buy a new monitor, consider a flat screen they use only 1/3 the energy. In the office areas if you buy
a new computer, consider a laptop. Laptops use only 1/4 the energy.30% of the energy of a desktop
computer.

FACT
During heavy usage (e.g., when you open a new application) your computer draws only slightly more
power. The average computer uses about 120 Watts (75 Watts for the screen and 45 Watts for the CPU)
whether you're using it or not.

ACTION
Leaving equipment on unnecessarily particularly overnight – should be discouraged. Get into the habit of
shutting your computer down for the day. By turning off your computer during the week and over the
weekend, your computer will use 75% less energy. SAVE 5% off your annual energy bill.*

FACT
Despite the name, screen savers don't save anything, especially not power!

ACTION

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Turn off your monitor if you are not using your computer for more than 15 minutes!

One computer left on 24 hours a day will cost you #57 – 80 in electricity costs a year and dump 1,500
pounds of CO2 each year. That means that 100 – 500 trees would be needed to offset the yearly emissions
of one computer left on all the time.

LIGHTING
This is another high end-use of electricity. The lights in the office areas are operated manually. Upgrading
to occupancy sensors in areas which are intermittently used, such as washrooms and daylight sensors to
switch off lights when they are not required will save electricity.
Xxxxxx more

Ensure that all lightbulbs are energy efficient as an energy efficient lightbulb uses a fifth of the energy of a
standard lightbulb. These bulbs are otherwise known as CFLs – compact fluorescent lamps.

Lighting makes up a massive 25-45% of an office’s total energy bill, so it’s an area worth looking at. The
first rule is to open the blinds! Then lay out furniture and equipment to make the most of daylight instead of
using all the lights. SAVE up to 10% off your annual energy bill.*

THERMOSTAT
By lowering your thermostat by 1 degree should reduce your heating bill by about 10%

COOLING SYSTEM
This will constitute the highest energy cost category. Electricity for mechanical cooling is significant. The
Fans, pumps and controls often constitute the highest energy cost. Attention to air volumes, operating
pressures and hours of use can bring large

Catering, electricity

It is worth reviewing power requirements of vending machines and considering whether they can be
switched off when the office is empty.

OTHER
The air conditioning system should be inspected at intervals not exceeding 5 years. The inspection will
include an assessment of efficiency, a review of their size and advice on improvements or replacements and
alternative solutions.

Google. (Date Unknown) The UK Carbon Footprint Project,

http://www.google.co.uk/carbonfootprint/index.html [Accessed 13th November 2007]

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13 GENERAL INFORMATION AND FURTHER READING

Smith P, Architecture in a Climate of Change, 2nd Ed, Architectural Press, 2005

Wade J, Pett J and Ramsay L, Energy Efficiency in Offices: Assessing the Situation, ACE, 2003. This

document can be downloaded from: www.ukace.org

Action Energy, Energy Use in Offices, Energy Consumption Guide 19, Best Practice Programme, Carbon

Trust, 2003. Available from the Action Energy Site:

http://www.thecarbontrust.co.uk/energy/pages/home.asp. Also available through the Technical Indexes;

Construction Information Service (http://www.info4education.co.uk/).

CIBSE, Building Energy Metering, TM 39, CIBSE, 2006 (http://www.info4education.co.uk/).

ODPM, Conservation of Fuel and Power in Buildings other than Dwellings, part L2A, 2006

(http://www.info4education.co.uk/).

CIBSE, Energy Assessment and Reporting, 2nd Edition, CIBSE, 2006 (http://www.info4education.co.uk/).

Pout C H, Moss S and Davidson P, Non-Domestic Building Energy Fact File, BR339, CRC Ltd, 1998

Prior J, BRE, Sustainable Retail Premises: An Environmental Guide to Design, Refurbishment and

Management of Retail Premises, BR366, CRC Ltd, 1999

Environmental Audit of Living Space by Dean Jones – www.jamaica-homes.com 19